In the study of soil genesis and the determination of their systematic position, the diagnosis of the lithological heterogeneity of the parent rock is important. In the World Reference Base of Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) lithological heterogeneity is defined as significant changes in the particle size or mineralogical composition, which reflect the lithological differences within the soil profile and a number of diagnostic criteria for lithological heterogeneity are given. At the level of soil microstructure, these are the characteristics of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles of the solid phase (c/f relative distribution). Using the example of forest soils formed on colluvial sediments, we consider the possibility of using the fractal properties of the c/f relative distribution to diagnose the lithological heterogeneity of the genetic profile of the soil and establish the contrast of such heterogeneity. A micromorphological study of the soils formed on the parent rocks of loamy and clay granulometric composition reveals the fractal structure of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles, which is the quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the solid phase and is not recognized by the particle size analysis. In the study with different magnifications, the multilevel structure of the c/f of the relative distribution is manifested in the possibility of selecting not one, but several c/f thresholds with corresponding characteristics for each. It is important that the overall picture of the microstructure at each level of the c/f of the relative distribution is similar to the picture at other levels. The algorithm for studying the fractal properties of the relative distribution is made up of successive stages: revealing the presence of the fractal structure of the c/f relative distribution; determination of similarity levels; determination of the morphometric parameters of the relative distribution at each of the revealed levels of similarity, which include the c/f threshold, the dimension of the coarse fraction, c/f ratio. An additional parameter is the spatial distribution of coarse particles at each level. The studied forest soils of the Prysamaria are characterized by a three-level fractal structure of the organization of the relative distribution of the granulometric elements of the microstructure. At each of the levels of relative distribution, the pattern of microstructure is similar to the levels highlighted in other scales. It was revealed that the profile of Luvic Chernic Phaeozem on the slope of the beam is lithologically inhomogeneous. Subsoil horizons outside the genetic profile of the soil differ in morphometric parameters at the second and third levels of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles.
在研究土壤成因及其系统位置的确定中，母岩的岩性非均质性诊断具有重要意义。在世界土壤资源参考库(IUSS Working Group WRB 2015)中，岩石非均质性被定义为颗粒大小或矿物组成的显著变化，反映了土壤剖面内的岩性差异，并给出了一些岩石非均质性的诊断标准。在土壤微观结构水平上，这些是固相粗颗粒和细颗粒的相对分布特征(c/f相对分布)。以崩塌沉积物形成的森林土壤为例，考虑了利用c/f相对分布的分形特性来诊断土壤成因剖面的岩性非均质性并建立这种非均质性对比的可能性。通过对壤土和粘土颗粒组成母岩上形成的土壤的微观形态研究，揭示了粗颗粒和细颗粒相对分布的分形结构，这是固相的定量和定性特征，是粒度分析所不能识别的。在不同放大倍数的研究中，相对分布的c/f的多层次结构表现为可以选择多个不同特征的c/f阈值。重要的是，在c/f相对分布的每一层的微观结构的总体情况与其他层的情况相似。研究相对分布分形特性的算法分为以下几个阶段:揭示c/f相对分布分形结构的存在;相似性水平的确定;确定每个相似水平下相对分布的形态计量参数，包括c/f阈值、粗分数维数、c/f比。另一个参数是粗颗粒在每一层的空间分布。所研究的Prysamaria森林土壤微观结构中颗粒元素相对分布的组织呈三层分形结构。在每一个相对分布的水平上，微观结构的模式与其他尺度上突出显示的水平相似。结果表明，Luvic Chernic Phaeozem剖面在梁的斜坡上具有岩性不均匀性。土壤遗传剖面以外的地下层在粗颗粒和细颗粒相对分布的第二级和第三级上的形态计量参数不同。
{"title":"Diagnostics of lithic discontinuity of soils based on fractal properties of coarse/fine-related distribution","authors":"V. Yakovenko, A. V. Kotovich","doi":"10.15421/031818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031818","url":null,"abstract":"In the study of soil genesis and the determination of their systematic position, the diagnosis of the lithological heterogeneity of the parent rock is important. In the World Reference Base of Soil Resources (IUSS Working Group WRB 2015) lithological heterogeneity is defined as significant changes in the particle size or mineralogical composition, which reflect the lithological differences within the soil profile and a number of diagnostic criteria for lithological heterogeneity are given. At the level of soil microstructure, these are the characteristics of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles of the solid phase (c/f relative distribution). Using the example of forest soils formed on colluvial sediments, we consider the possibility of using the fractal properties of the c/f relative distribution to diagnose the lithological heterogeneity of the genetic profile of the soil and establish the contrast of such heterogeneity. A micromorphological study of the soils formed on the parent rocks of loamy and clay granulometric composition reveals the fractal structure of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles, which is the quantitative and qualitative characteristic of the solid phase and is not recognized by the particle size analysis. In the study with different magnifications, the multilevel structure of the c/f of the relative distribution is manifested in the possibility of selecting not one, but several c/f thresholds with corresponding characteristics for each. It is important that the overall picture of the microstructure at each level of the c/f of the relative distribution is similar to the picture at other levels. The algorithm for studying the fractal properties of the relative distribution is made up of successive stages: revealing the presence of the fractal structure of the c/f relative distribution; determination of similarity levels; determination of the morphometric parameters of the relative distribution at each of the revealed levels of similarity, which include the c/f threshold, the dimension of the coarse fraction, c/f ratio. An additional parameter is the spatial distribution of coarse particles at each level. The studied forest soils of the Prysamaria are characterized by a three-level fractal structure of the organization of the relative distribution of the granulometric elements of the microstructure. At each of the levels of relative distribution, the pattern of microstructure is similar to the levels highlighted in other scales. It was revealed that the profile of Luvic Chernic Phaeozem on the slope of the beam is lithologically inhomogeneous. Subsoil horizons outside the genetic profile of the soil differ in morphometric parameters at the second and third levels of the relative distribution of coarse and fine particles.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83539732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Morozko, O. Leshchenko, O. Kolesnichenko, Y. Lykholat, M. Zemnianska, D. Bidolakh, O. Tsarenko
The results of physiological, morphological, anatomical peculiarities of introduced plants of Araliaceae Juss. have been given. Study of seasonal growth and development peculiarities of Araliaceae Juss. showed that most of these plants were introduced successfully but the process was complicated by climatic conditions of the area in city Kiev. According to a comprehensive assessment a large number of studied species were highly evaluated for decorative effect. Introduced species of family Araliaceae Juss. are characterized by high-level adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions in Botanical gardens of Kiev. The vast majority of them bloom but not all can form seeds. Thus, among the introduced plants only five representatives of genus Acanthopanax – Acanthopanax lasiogyne, Acanthopanax divaricatus, Acanthopanax sieboldianus, Acanthopanax trifoliatus and Acanthopanax wardii have high level of adaptation. To determine the prospect of cultivating research species we assessed the degree of winter resistance by the 5-point M. K. Vechova scale on the basis of visual observations in conditions of the open ground. The level of adaptation of plants was evaluated in the city Kyiv using the estimation scale measured in points and in percentages. Results of researches showed that the species have a high resistance to the effects of adverse factors. All types of this family are promising for introduction into culture and can be widely used in various branches of the national economy. A comprehensive assessment of the decorative effect of ornamental plant species was carried out by the O. G. Horoshyh and O. V. Horoshyh scales, according to which the decorative effect of the vast majority of studied species was highly appreciated. The results of our study shows that the introduced species of Araliaceae Juss. have a good prospect for further their use in ornamental gardening, urban greening and landscape design in private territories of citizens.
五加科引种植物生理、形态、解剖特征的研究。已被给予。五加科植物季节生长发育特点的研究。这些植物大部分都被成功引进，但由于基辅城市地区的气候条件，这一过程变得复杂。根据综合评价，大量被研究树种的装饰效果得到了高度评价。五重子科引种。基辅植物园的特点是对当地土壤和气候条件的高度适应。它们中的绝大多数开花，但不是所有的都能形成种子。由此可见，在引进植物中，只有五加属的5个代表植物——长丝五加、分叶五加、西波五加、三叶五加和刺五加具有较高的适应水平。为了确定研究种的培育前景，在野外目测的基础上，采用5点Vechova量表对研究种的抗冬程度进行了评价。使用以点数和百分比计量的估计量表评估了基辅市植物的适应水平。研究结果表明，该物种对不利因素的影响具有较高的抵抗力。这一科的所有品种都有可能被引入文化，并可广泛应用于国民经济的各个部门。采用O. G. Horoshyh和O. V. Horoshyh量表对观赏植物物种的装饰效果进行了综合评价，绝大多数被研究物种的装饰效果都得到了高度评价。本研究结果表明，五加科植物的引种种类为五加科植物。在观赏园艺、城市绿化和市民私人领地的景观设计中具有良好的应用前景。
{"title":"Perculiarities of introduction of Araliaceae Juss. in botanical gardens (Kyiv, Ukraine)","authors":"A. Morozko, O. Leshchenko, O. Kolesnichenko, Y. Lykholat, M. Zemnianska, D. Bidolakh, O. Tsarenko","doi":"10.15421/031811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031811","url":null,"abstract":"The results of physiological, morphological, anatomical peculiarities of introduced plants of Araliaceae Juss. have been given. Study of seasonal growth and development peculiarities of Araliaceae Juss. showed that most of these plants were introduced successfully but the process was complicated by climatic conditions of the area in city Kiev. According to a comprehensive assessment a large number of studied species were highly evaluated for decorative effect. Introduced species of family Araliaceae Juss. are characterized by high-level adaptation to local soil and climatic conditions in Botanical gardens of Kiev. The vast majority of them bloom but not all can form seeds. Thus, among the introduced plants only five representatives of genus Acanthopanax – Acanthopanax lasiogyne, Acanthopanax divaricatus, Acanthopanax sieboldianus, Acanthopanax trifoliatus and Acanthopanax wardii have high level of adaptation. To determine the prospect of cultivating research species we assessed the degree of winter resistance by the 5-point M. K. Vechova scale on the basis of visual observations in conditions of the open ground. The level of adaptation of plants was evaluated in the city Kyiv using the estimation scale measured in points and in percentages. Results of researches showed that the species have a high resistance to the effects of adverse factors. All types of this family are promising for introduction into culture and can be widely used in various branches of the national economy. A comprehensive assessment of the decorative effect of ornamental plant species was carried out by the O. G. Horoshyh and O. V. Horoshyh scales, according to which the decorative effect of the vast majority of studied species was highly appreciated. The results of our study shows that the introduced species of Araliaceae Juss. have a good prospect for further their use in ornamental gardening, urban greening and landscape design in private territories of citizens.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88990224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crucial for the research on adaptiogenesis of introduced coniferous species is the study the anatomical structure of their vegetative organs, especially the needles, which provides the productivity of individual trees and plantings in general. In conditions of anthropogenic pressure of the environment there are changes in the thickness and structure of the histological elements of vegetative organs of coniferous species, in the first place, protective tissues. Therefore, the study of the anatomical structure of the needles is relevant in the context of studying the ways and mechanisms of adaptation of gymnosperms to industrial emissions and the finding sensitive phytoindicators of environmental pollution and the condition of coniferous plants in man-made zones. However, today the chronic effect of phytotoxicants on the anatomical structure of needles is insufficiently studied. Ecological and anatomical studies of P. pungens in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine for the effects of technogenesis are practically absent. Prydniprovsk TPP is the largest source of pollution in the city of Dnipro (Ukraine): its emissions make up 68,9 % of the volume of toxic compounds of all enterprises and transport facilities. The main pollutants of emissions from Prydniprovsk TPP are SO2, NO2, solids, CO. In order to reduce the negative impact of the TPP emissions, green plantations mainly from softwood are created around it, which purify the atmosphere and improve the environment throughout the year. In view of this, the purpose of the work is to analyse the state of morphological and anatomical indices of the Picea pungens Engelm f. glauca Beissn. needles under the influence of emissions from Prydniprovsk TPP. The research is conducted according to generally accepted methods (Zlobin et al., 2009; Albrechtova, 2003; Permjakov, 1988). It has been found that the length and weight of needles in experimental specimens of P. pungens decrease with respect to the values of these indices in plants of relatively pure zone; therefore, they are sensitive growth parameters to the action of environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the intensity of the growth of P. pungens needles does not change; therefore, it is not an informative feature for assessing the living conditions of the prickly fir in the industrial zone. The analysis of the micromorphological features of P. pungens needles showed resistance to anthropogenic pressure of its characteristics, such as width and thickness, although the area of needles decreases, which is associated with a significant decrease in the technogenic conditions of the environment of its length. In plants of P. pungens, growing on the territory adjacent to Prydniprovsk TPP, the size of the constituents of needles of P. pungens (epidermis and hypoderms), as well as the number, diameter and type of placement of resin passages in the mesophyll of the needles do not differ significantly from such indices in plants of relatively pure zone in
对引进针叶植物的营养器官，特别是针叶的解剖结构的研究是研究其适应发生的关键，针叶的解剖结构提供了单株树木和整个植物的生产力。在环境的人为压力条件下，针叶植物营养器官的组织学成分，首先是保护组织的厚度和结构发生了变化。因此，对裸子植物针叶解剖结构的研究，对于研究裸子植物对工业排放的适应途径和机制、寻找环境污染敏感植物指标以及人工区针叶植物状况具有重要意义。然而，目前植物毒物对针叶解剖结构的慢性影响研究还不够充分。生态学和解剖学的研究在乌克兰的草原地带的条件下，为技术发生的影响，实际上是不存在的。普涅德涅普罗斯克TPP是乌克兰第聂伯罗市最大的污染源:其排放量占所有企业和运输设施有毒化合物总量的68.9%。Prydniprovsk TPP排放的主要污染物是SO2, NO2，固体，CO.为了减少TPP排放的负面影响，在其周围建立了以软木为主的绿色种植园，全年净化大气，改善环境。鉴于此，本研究的目的是分析云杉(Picea pungens Engelm f. glauca Beissn)的形态和解剖指标状况。受普里德涅普罗斯克TPP排放影响的针。本研究采用普遍接受的方法(Zlobin et al.， 2009;Albrechtova, 2003;Permjakov, 1988)。研究发现，相对于相对纯净地带的植物，刺槐实验标本的针长和针重均减小;因此，它们是对环境污染作用敏感的生长参数。然而，刺青刺青针叶的生长强度没有变化;因此，它不是一个信息特征，以评估刺冷杉在工业区的生活条件。对刺桐针叶微形态特征的分析表明，刺桐针叶的宽度和厚度等特征对人为压力具有抵抗性，但刺桐针叶面积有所减少，这与刺桐针叶长度环境的技术条件明显降低有关。在Prydniprovsk TPP相邻区域生长的刺桐植物中，刺桐针叶成分(表皮和下皮)的大小以及叶肉中树脂通道的数量、直径和放置类型与相对纯净区植物的这些指标没有明显差异，表明这些特征的稳定性和被调查物种的针叶对TPP排放的抗性。在技术发生条件下，刺参针叶正面同化薄壁的厚度增加。在刺针的组织学成分中，人为排放对刺针中央导电筒的影响最大:与控制值相比，内胚层增厚了15.9%，我们认为这是植物对人为胁迫的适应性反应;中央导电筒直径增大，木质部厚度增大。这可能是由于植物需要更好的供水。由此可见，在技术发生条件下，刺桐针叶的组织学特征具有稳定性，形态特征具有可塑性。发现了在植物毒物作用下刺槐针叶代偿型适应机制的形成:针叶的内胚层、叶肉、木质部和中央导电筒的尺寸增大。结果表明，针的组织结构中颗粒的比例(%)与TPP污染物的作用几乎没有变化。提出了监测人工区针叶植物状况的试验参数(针叶质量、针叶长度和针叶面积)。作为一种中等抗性物种的pungens对火力发电厂排放物成分的抗性评估。建议在污染地区的园林绿化中使用pungen。
{"title":"Bioecological analysis of Picea pungens needles in the deterioral conditions of the DTEK Prydniprovsk thermal power plant","authors":"T. Yusypiva","doi":"10.15421/031819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031819","url":null,"abstract":"Crucial for the research on adaptiogenesis of introduced coniferous species is the study the anatomical structure of their vegetative organs, especially the needles, which provides the productivity of individual trees and plantings in general. In conditions of anthropogenic pressure of the environment there are changes in the thickness and structure of the histological elements of vegetative organs of coniferous species, in the first place, protective tissues. Therefore, the study of the anatomical structure of the needles is relevant in the context of studying the ways and mechanisms of adaptation of gymnosperms to industrial emissions and the finding sensitive phytoindicators of environmental pollution and the condition of coniferous plants in man-made zones. However, today the chronic effect of phytotoxicants on the anatomical structure of needles is insufficiently studied. Ecological and anatomical studies of P. pungens in the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine for the effects of technogenesis are practically absent. Prydniprovsk TPP is the largest source of pollution in the city of Dnipro (Ukraine): its emissions make up 68,9 % of the volume of toxic compounds of all enterprises and transport facilities. The main pollutants of emissions from Prydniprovsk TPP are SO2, NO2, solids, CO. In order to reduce the negative impact of the TPP emissions, green plantations mainly from softwood are created around it, which purify the atmosphere and improve the environment throughout the year. In view of this, the purpose of the work is to analyse the state of morphological and anatomical indices of the Picea pungens Engelm f. glauca Beissn. needles under the influence of emissions from Prydniprovsk TPP. The research is conducted according to generally accepted methods (Zlobin et al., 2009; Albrechtova, 2003; Permjakov, 1988). It has been found that the length and weight of needles in experimental specimens of P. pungens decrease with respect to the values of these indices in plants of relatively pure zone; therefore, they are sensitive growth parameters to the action of environmental pollution. Nevertheless, the intensity of the growth of P. pungens needles does not change; therefore, it is not an informative feature for assessing the living conditions of the prickly fir in the industrial zone. The analysis of the micromorphological features of P. pungens needles showed resistance to anthropogenic pressure of its characteristics, such as width and thickness, although the area of needles decreases, which is associated with a significant decrease in the technogenic conditions of the environment of its length. In plants of P. pungens, growing on the territory adjacent to Prydniprovsk TPP, the size of the constituents of needles of P. pungens (epidermis and hypoderms), as well as the number, diameter and type of placement of resin passages in the mesophyll of the needles do not differ significantly from such indices in plants of relatively pure zone in","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80101184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.
{"title":"Diagnostic role of soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone","authors":"V. Gorban'","doi":"10.15421/031814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031814","url":null,"abstract":"For the current stage of the development of soil science it is relevant to search for objectively existing interactions between the various soil properties. Solving this issue most appropriately should be based on the establishment of pedotransfer functions. Pedotransfer functions appeared at the time of the birth of quantitative soil science, when one of the properties of the soil tried to predict others when it became clear that everything in the soil is interrelated when it was established that there is a well-defined number of fundamental, basic properties of the soil, which is basically defines its other properties. Accordingly, the purpose of our work is to establish the diagnostic value of the individual soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the steppe by means of determining the existing interconnections between them and other properties and characteristics of these soils. The solution of this issue is one of the tasks of developing research on the soil physical properties of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The diagnostic value of granulometric and structural-aggregate composition, density and permeability for determining the general state of soils due to the existence of certain interactions between the indicated parameters and other soil properties is considered. The granulometric composition is a fundamental soil characteristic that determines not only the physical state, but also all the main soil properties and regimes of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. The structural and aggregate composition is an important complex diagnostic feature of chernozem, which helps to reveal the peculiarities of their genesis under the influence of forest vegetation, in particular as a result of changes in the content and composition of organic matter, exchange cations, the influence of root vegetation systems, etc. The soil density, due to existing interactions with other soil properties, is an important diagnostic feature that reflects the features of their genesis and regimes, which determines the specificity of the ecological functions of the soils of forest biogeocoenoses of the Ukrainian steppe zone. Water permeability can be considered as a complex characteristic of soils, which to a certain extent reflects their granulometric composition, porosity, structural and aggregate composition, determines the features of the water-air regime. The differences of physical properties of zonal chernozems and chernozems, the genesis of which are connected with artificial and natural forest biogeocoenoses within the steppe zone of Ukraine, are analyzed. The relevance of the further search for relationships between physical indicators that are easily and promptly analyzed, and other soil properties for expanding diagnostic possibilities with respect to their genesis is pointed out.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"121 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84428436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, the current and former distribution of higher aquatic vegetation has been analyzed for floodplain lakes, arenas lakes and third terraces lakes in the valleys of large and medium North-Steppe Dnieper rivers. The article is devoted to the current state analysis of the higher aquatic vegetation at North-Steppe Dnieper lakes, its dynamics over a long-term period, as well as the determination of the nature and extent of anthropogenic-climatic changes in vegetation. Anthropogenic influence is a major threat to the development and functioning of most aquatic ecosystems. Since the twentieth century, it has been intensified by trends to long-term climate changes, which are also largely result of human activity. Increasing temperature of the winter season does not contribute to snow accumulation. Reduction of snow accumulation (frequent thaws during the winter), regulation of river flow (formation of a reservoirs cascade and ponds) and accumulation of melt water in artificial reservoirs led to the smoothing of the peak of the spring flood. Thus, the factor that provided spring washing of floodplain lakes, limited their overgrowing by air-water vegetation and their waterlogging disappeared. The anthropogenic factors that influence negatively include: intensification of agriculture, plowing of coastal areas, unreasonable land reclamation, overgrazing, development of transport and engineering infrastructure, urbanization, recreation, and chemical pollution. The presented data was obtained on the basis of processing our own research materials of 2009–2018 and literary and archival materials analysis (the herbarium of the Dnipropetrovs’k National University and the archive of the Research Institute of Biology). Natural Northern Steppe Dnieper lakes are located mainly in river valleys, so the study area was conventionally divided into sections: the large river valley (Dnieper) and the middle rivers valleys (Samara and Orel). Three ecological groups of macrophytes were reviewed and compared: hydatofites (submerged species), pleistophytes (species with floating leaves) and helophytes (air-water species). The vegetation of Dnieper floodplain lakes practically did not change for all three formation groups. The number of immersed plants communities within the floodplains of medium-sized rivers has decreased by three. The pleistophytes and helophytes associations decreased to fragments of associations. The lakes vegetation within the sandy Dnieper terrace practically did not change for all three formation groups. The submerged lakes plants associations within the sandy medium-sized rivers terraces have been reduced by two. As part of the lakes vegetation on the Dnipro saline terraces, fragments of associations of the two species are considered extinct. A new association of southern adventive species Ruppia maritima L. has appeared within the limits of the middle rivers saline terrace. Changes in higher aquatic vegetation are characteristic of all type
{"title":"Modern condition and analysis of anthropogenous-climatic transformation of vegetation of lakes of the northern Steppe land","authors":"N. Roshchyna","doi":"10.15421/031823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031823","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the current and former distribution of higher aquatic vegetation has been analyzed for floodplain lakes, arenas lakes and third terraces lakes in the valleys of large and medium North-Steppe Dnieper rivers. The article is devoted to the current state analysis of the higher aquatic vegetation at North-Steppe Dnieper lakes, its dynamics over a long-term period, as well as the determination of the nature and extent of anthropogenic-climatic changes in vegetation. Anthropogenic influence is a major threat to the development and functioning of most aquatic ecosystems. Since the twentieth century, it has been intensified by trends to long-term climate changes, which are also largely result of human activity. Increasing temperature of the winter season does not contribute to snow accumulation. Reduction of snow accumulation (frequent thaws during the winter), regulation of river flow (formation of a reservoirs cascade and ponds) and accumulation of melt water in artificial reservoirs led to the smoothing of the peak of the spring flood. Thus, the factor that provided spring washing of floodplain lakes, limited their overgrowing by air-water vegetation and their waterlogging disappeared. The anthropogenic factors that influence negatively include: intensification of agriculture, plowing of coastal areas, unreasonable land reclamation, overgrazing, development of transport and engineering infrastructure, urbanization, recreation, and chemical pollution. The presented data was obtained on the basis of processing our own research materials of 2009–2018 and literary and archival materials analysis (the herbarium of the Dnipropetrovs’k National University and the archive of the Research Institute of Biology). Natural Northern Steppe Dnieper lakes are located mainly in river valleys, so the study area was conventionally divided into sections: the large river valley (Dnieper) and the middle rivers valleys (Samara and Orel). Three ecological groups of macrophytes were reviewed and compared: hydatofites (submerged species), pleistophytes (species with floating leaves) and helophytes (air-water species). The vegetation of Dnieper floodplain lakes practically did not change for all three formation groups. The number of immersed plants communities within the floodplains of medium-sized rivers has decreased by three. The pleistophytes and helophytes associations decreased to fragments of associations. The lakes vegetation within the sandy Dnieper terrace practically did not change for all three formation groups. The submerged lakes plants associations within the sandy medium-sized rivers terraces have been reduced by two. As part of the lakes vegetation on the Dnipro saline terraces, fragments of associations of the two species are considered extinct. A new association of southern adventive species Ruppia maritima L. has appeared within the limits of the middle rivers saline terrace. Changes in higher aquatic vegetation are characteristic of all type","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81639592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of our research was to study the long-term dynamics of the herbage cover at different stages of growth and development of poplar plantations on the types of artificial soils of the forest reclamation area. The object of research is flora phytotoxic dumps of «Blagodatna» coal mine, where imported substrates such as sand-clay, clay loam, red-brown earth and humic soil in various combination were applied to create reclamations layer on the surface of the mine dumps (Dnipropetrovsk region, Pavlograd region). Type 1: 30 cm of soil mass of typical chernozem (SMTC), 50 cm of red-brown earth, 80 cm of alluvial sand-clay and sand, and deeper there is the coal mine solid; type 2: 30 cm of SMTC, 80 cm of sand, and mine solid deeper; type 3: 30 cm of SMTC, 60 cm of alluvial sand-clay, 60 cm of clay, and deeper there is mine solid; type 4: 40 cm of SMTC, 30 cm of red-brown earth, 40 cm of sand and mine solid deeper; type 5: 55 cm of alluvial sand-clay, deeper there is mine solid. Stationary observations were carried out in poplar plantations of 8-, 16-, 27- and 34-year-old age on permanent trial plots. They were presented with a black poplar and seven hybrid poplars. The research has established that climatic conditions, influence of surrounding phytocenoses of undisturbed lands, inheritance by pedozems of seed material of grass plants with a fertile layer of the soil set the direction of succession on the way of formation of zonal herbal group. The long-term growth of the role of the arid element indicates the formation of a structure close to the zonal flora. The formation of the flora of technical soils in poplar plantations occurs in four stages: the first is pioneer plant communities, which begins with the completion of the technical phase of reclamation and confined to the stages of forest formation; the second is a simple grouping that is associated with the development of the stand until the closure of canopy and inter-row soil cultivation; the third is a complex grouping that is fraught with pole wood stage of stand development and partial getting sparse; the fourth in our studies, is partially closed when gradually tree plants disappear and their influence disappears. In addition to the influence of tree vegetation, its age and stage of development, the formation of lower layers of biogeocenoses is significantly influenced by the conditions stipulated by the stratigraphy and the power of artificial substrates, as well as the elements of the landscape, both created initially and formed as a result of the fragmentary subsidence of the dump territory. These factors, depending on their dynamic changes, regulate correlation between various groups of biomorphs, climamorphs, trofomorphs, hygromorphs, heliomorph and zenomorphs in the grass cover. Created forest vegetation conditions on the plateau and the upper third of the dump do not meet the needs of hybrid poplars under conditions of acute shortage of moisture, which are characteristic of
{"title":"Dynamics of grass stand formation in poplar plantations on different types of reclamations of disturbed lands of Western Donbass","authors":"O. Masiuk","doi":"10.15421/031816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031816","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of our research was to study the long-term dynamics of the herbage cover at different stages of growth and development of poplar plantations on the types of artificial soils of the forest reclamation area. The object of research is flora phytotoxic dumps of «Blagodatna» coal mine, where imported substrates such as sand-clay, clay loam, red-brown earth and humic soil in various combination were applied to create reclamations layer on the surface of the mine dumps (Dnipropetrovsk region, Pavlograd region). Type 1: 30 cm of soil mass of typical chernozem (SMTC), 50 cm of red-brown earth, 80 cm of alluvial sand-clay and sand, and deeper there is the coal mine solid; type 2: 30 cm of SMTC, 80 cm of sand, and mine solid deeper; type 3: 30 cm of SMTC, 60 cm of alluvial sand-clay, 60 cm of clay, and deeper there is mine solid; type 4: 40 cm of SMTC, 30 cm of red-brown earth, 40 cm of sand and mine solid deeper; type 5: 55 cm of alluvial sand-clay, deeper there is mine solid. Stationary observations were carried out in poplar plantations of 8-, 16-, 27- and 34-year-old age on permanent trial plots. They were presented with a black poplar and seven hybrid poplars. The research has established that climatic conditions, influence of surrounding phytocenoses of undisturbed lands, inheritance by pedozems of seed material of grass plants with a fertile layer of the soil set the direction of succession on the way of formation of zonal herbal group. The long-term growth of the role of the arid element indicates the formation of a structure close to the zonal flora. The formation of the flora of technical soils in poplar plantations occurs in four stages: the first is pioneer plant communities, which begins with the completion of the technical phase of reclamation and confined to the stages of forest formation; the second is a simple grouping that is associated with the development of the stand until the closure of canopy and inter-row soil cultivation; the third is a complex grouping that is fraught with pole wood stage of stand development and partial getting sparse; the fourth in our studies, is partially closed when gradually tree plants disappear and their influence disappears. In addition to the influence of tree vegetation, its age and stage of development, the formation of lower layers of biogeocenoses is significantly influenced by the conditions stipulated by the stratigraphy and the power of artificial substrates, as well as the elements of the landscape, both created initially and formed as a result of the fragmentary subsidence of the dump territory. These factors, depending on their dynamic changes, regulate correlation between various groups of biomorphs, climamorphs, trofomorphs, hygromorphs, heliomorph and zenomorphs in the grass cover. Created forest vegetation conditions on the plateau and the upper third of the dump do not meet the needs of hybrid poplars under conditions of acute shortage of moisture, which are characteristic of ","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89294588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Such compounds as compounds of hexavalent chromium, nitrates and nitrites are one of the most distributed pollutants of the environment. The compounds of Cr (VI) are found in the soil, water and territories adjacent to mining enterprises in elevated concentrations. The hexavalent chromium has toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on living forms. Some sulfur-reducing bacteria are attractable for scientists attention like potential purification agentsto clear the wastewater from organic and inorganic pollutants. In this way,the purpose of our work is to study the patterns of the reduction of compounds of hexavalent chromium and nitrate by Desulfuromonas sp.YSDS-3, isolated from the soils of theYasiv sulfur mine. Bacteria were cultivated in modified Postgate C medium. To study the in fluence of Сr (VI) and NO3 on the sulfidogenic activity and the growth of bacteria they were grown in Postgate C medium containing sulfur (32 mM) and different concentrations of K2Cr2O7 (0,1–1 мМ) and КNO3 (5–15 мМ), as well as without sulfur for 10 days. The biomass of bacteria, Cr (VI), Cr (IІІ) and nitrites content was measured spectrophotometrically. Agar was used for the immobilization of the cells. Th ability of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3 to utilize different electron acceptors, has been studied. It has been established that bacteria can growin media with presence of ferrum (III) citrate (at concentrations of 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 5 mM), MnO2 (at concentrations of 1 mM, 2 mM and 3 mM), KNO3 (at concentrations of 5 mM, 10 mM, 15mM) and cysteine (at a concentration of 3 mM). In a medium with potassium bichromate bacteria grow well at concentration of 0.1 mM. Perhaps, increase of K2Cr2O7 concentration from 0.5 to 1 mM leads to the suppression of growth and sulfidogenic activity of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3. The quantitative measurement of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) ions in the cell-free medium had been shown that hexavalent chromium was completely reduced to Cr (III) in the presence of less than 0.5 mM of K2Cr2O7. At the same time, the increase of K2Cr2O7 caused a decreaseof reduction effectivity. It has been found that culture of Desulfuromonas sp.YSDS-3 is able to reduce nitrates and nitrites completely. At the same time, the process of sulfur reduction was oppressed in conditions of simultaneous presence of KNO3 and sulfur in the medium. There are various methods of wastewater purification from Cr (VI): the addition of aerobic or anaerobic consortia of microorganisms; treatment of sewage with various sorbents, such as natural glauconites, activated carbon, brown coal, etc. The most promising methods of the environment purification from pollutants are considered to be biological methods with exertion of microorganisms. For this purpose, in modern biotechnological approaches different methods of immobilization of microorganisms with organic and inorganic carriers are widely used. It has been found some patterns of chromium reduction by the cells of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3
{"title":"The reduction of hexavalent chromium and nitrates by Desulfuromonas YSDS-3, isolated from the soil of Yasiv sulfur mine","authors":"O. Сhayka, T. Peretyatko","doi":"10.15421/031813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031813","url":null,"abstract":"Such compounds as compounds of hexavalent chromium, nitrates and nitrites are one of the most distributed pollutants of the environment. The compounds of Cr (VI) are found in the soil, water and territories adjacent to mining enterprises in elevated concentrations. The hexavalent chromium has toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic effect on living forms. Some sulfur-reducing bacteria are attractable for scientists attention like potential purification agentsto clear the wastewater from organic and inorganic pollutants. In this way,the purpose of our work is to study the patterns of the reduction of compounds of hexavalent chromium and nitrate by Desulfuromonas sp.YSDS-3, isolated from the soils of theYasiv sulfur mine. Bacteria were cultivated in modified Postgate C medium. To study the in fluence of Сr (VI) and NO3 on the sulfidogenic activity and the growth of bacteria they were grown in Postgate C medium containing sulfur (32 mM) and different concentrations of K2Cr2O7 (0,1–1 мМ) and КNO3 (5–15 мМ), as well as without sulfur for 10 days. The biomass of bacteria, Cr (VI), Cr (IІІ) and nitrites content was measured spectrophotometrically. Agar was used for the immobilization of the cells. Th ability of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3 to utilize different electron acceptors, has been studied. It has been established that bacteria can growin media with presence of ferrum (III) citrate (at concentrations of 0.5 mM, 1 mM and 5 mM), MnO2 (at concentrations of 1 mM, 2 mM and 3 mM), KNO3 (at concentrations of 5 mM, 10 mM, 15mM) and cysteine (at a concentration of 3 mM). In a medium with potassium bichromate bacteria grow well at concentration of 0.1 mM. Perhaps, increase of K2Cr2O7 concentration from 0.5 to 1 mM leads to the suppression of growth and sulfidogenic activity of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3. The quantitative measurement of Cr (VI) and Cr (III) ions in the cell-free medium had been shown that hexavalent chromium was completely reduced to Cr (III) in the presence of less than 0.5 mM of K2Cr2O7. At the same time, the increase of K2Cr2O7 caused a decreaseof reduction effectivity. It has been found that culture of Desulfuromonas sp.YSDS-3 is able to reduce nitrates and nitrites completely. At the same time, the process of sulfur reduction was oppressed in conditions of simultaneous presence of KNO3 and sulfur in the medium. There are various methods of wastewater purification from Cr (VI): the addition of aerobic or anaerobic consortia of microorganisms; treatment of sewage with various sorbents, such as natural glauconites, activated carbon, brown coal, etc. The most promising methods of the environment purification from pollutants are considered to be biological methods with exertion of microorganisms. For this purpose, in modern biotechnological approaches different methods of immobilization of microorganisms with organic and inorganic carriers are widely used. It has been found some patterns of chromium reduction by the cells of Desulfuromonas sp. YSDS-3","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74155878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Samokhvalova, A. Khristenko, L. O. Shedey, P. Samokhvalova, O. V. Karatsuba
The method for predicting the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of various types of Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine for the assessment of soil quality due to the background conditions, the influence of technological load (for the application of organo-mineral, organic and mineral fertilizer systems), and risk or influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals (HM) is grounded. In the elaborated methodical approach is obtained a regression equation by the determination of new correlations of soil energy intensity indices (the calorific value of humus, soil energy reserves in a layer up to 20 cm) in conjunction with the humus state and the use of mathematical and statistical analysis for determining the value of easily hydrolysable nitrogen with the ability to predict the quality of soils of various genesis, with the further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types, climatic zones due to technogenic HM pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method: by improving the determination of the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of different genesis for the evaluation of their quality by identifying the most correlated, diagnostically applicable integral basic indicators of soil properties, which allow the informativeness to make managerial decisions and to predict the quality of soils of different genesis in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, as a biogenic element, due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads with increased accuracy, speed and informativeness. Elaborated method can find application in the ecological standardization of the content of biogenic macroelements, the normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology for solving the problems of organic agriculture, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting of the soils nitrogen systems state; the quality of humus and macroelement status of soils on indicators of ecological and energy status; effective ecological management of soils due to the background conditions, as well as for various anthropogenic influences and in scientific research for the investigating of biogeochemistry and biogenic macroelements of soil cover. Separate provisions of the elaborated method became an integral part of the proposals on adaptation to the Nitrate Council Directive 91/676 / EEC of 12.12.1991 on the protection of water from pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, as amended by Regulation (EC) № 1882/2003 Cross Nitrogen Balances Handbook. Prospective directions of research in the field of diagnostics, assessment, forecasting of the state of soils nitrogen systems and the normalization of the elemental composition quality, in particular, the content of nutrient nitrogen are determined. In order to overcome the biogenic pollution (excessive accumulation of nitrogen compounds) in
{"title":"Prediction of the different genesis soils nitrogen systems status","authors":"V. Samokhvalova, A. Khristenko, L. O. Shedey, P. Samokhvalova, O. V. Karatsuba","doi":"10.15421/031803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031803","url":null,"abstract":"The method for predicting the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of various types of Polesie, Forest-steppe and Steppe climatic zones of Ukraine for the assessment of soil quality due to the background conditions, the influence of technological load (for the application of organo-mineral, organic and mineral fertilizer systems), and risk or influence of technogenic pollution by heavy metals (HM) is grounded. In the elaborated methodical approach is obtained a regression equation by the determination of new correlations of soil energy intensity indices (the calorific value of humus, soil energy reserves in a layer up to 20 cm) in conjunction with the humus state and the use of mathematical and statistical analysis for determining the value of easily hydrolysable nitrogen with the ability to predict the quality of soils of various genesis, with the further extension of the method algorithm for different soil types, climatic zones due to technogenic HM pollution and technological load. The technical result of the elaborated method: by improving the determination of the levels of the easily hydrolysable nitrogen content in soils of different genesis for the evaluation of their quality by identifying the most correlated, diagnostically applicable integral basic indicators of soil properties, which allow the informativeness to make managerial decisions and to predict the quality of soils of different genesis in the content of easily hydrolysable nitrogen, as a biogenic element, due to the background conditions and anthropogenic loads with increased accuracy, speed and informativeness. Elaborated method can find application in the ecological standardization of the content of biogenic macroelements, the normalization of loads (technogenic, technological) on the soil system, agroecology for solving the problems of organic agriculture, bioenergy and energy of soil formation; diagnostics, evaluation, forecasting of the soils nitrogen systems state; the quality of humus and macroelement status of soils on indicators of ecological and energy status; effective ecological management of soils due to the background conditions, as well as for various anthropogenic influences and in scientific research for the investigating of biogeochemistry and biogenic macroelements of soil cover. Separate provisions of the elaborated method became an integral part of the proposals on adaptation to the Nitrate Council Directive 91/676 / EEC of 12.12.1991 on the protection of water from pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources, as amended by Regulation (EC) № 1882/2003 Cross Nitrogen Balances Handbook. Prospective directions of research in the field of diagnostics, assessment, forecasting of the state of soils nitrogen systems and the normalization of the elemental composition quality, in particular, the content of nutrient nitrogen are determined. In order to overcome the biogenic pollution (excessive accumulation of nitrogen compounds) in ","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81203925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the key environmental problem is the study of protective and adaptive reactions of plants to technogenic conditions. When carrying out a comparative analysis of plants implementation results adaptive mechanisms the quantitative assessment of these processes is great importance. Currently, calculation formulas have been developed to assess the adaptive potential of a particular cultivar, taking into account their yield. In this case, it is necessary to use the average yield of the variety and culture for the entire period of cultivation to quantify the value of the adaptive potential realization. There is a graphical method of determining the value of adaptive potential plants implementation using curves variability phytoindicator features of the studied plants (length, width, area, shape index sheet, the annual growth of trees, the chlorophyll fluorescence induction index etc.), growing under man-made conditions, and the curves of plants these signs variability in background conditions. The value of the adaptive capacity implementation in this case may be defined as the percentage area overlap of the variability phytoindicator characteristic the object in technogenic conditions curve and variability phytoindicator the control test object curve. However, this method provides for the contribution of only the adaptive changes degree and does not take into account the depth of differences in the phytoindicator characteristics the object in technogenic conditions and the control object. To assess changes in the plants parameters under the influence adverse factors environment possible with use the analysis method of growth in ontogenesis lamina dynamics in the contaminated territories. The method involves study the parameters average dynamics (length, width, perimeter and leaf area) of leaves groups (at least five in the group), located on hanging branches on the world four sides, depending on the distance from the road edge and the each group leaves height above the soil surface. Further, statistical modeling reveals multifactorial regularities of the influence of the accounting sheet height above the soil surface, the distance from the road to the accounting leaves individual parameters change. Given the adaptive changes genetic nature developed discrete-systematic approach to the plants adaptive capacity analysis, which allows us to analyze data about the adaptive reactions genetic nature and to obtain new information about the management at different levels of living organisms organization, including the biosphere. Since these methods do not provide for the definition a single quantitative criterion that allows comparative analysis of the several plants phytoindicator parameters dynamics, this was the purpose of this work.
{"title":"The method of determining the plants phytoindicator traits adaptive changes coefficient","authors":"E. G. Tyulkova, L. P. Аvdashkova","doi":"10.15421/031817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031817","url":null,"abstract":"One of the key environmental problem is the study of protective and adaptive reactions of plants to technogenic conditions. When carrying out a comparative analysis of plants implementation results adaptive mechanisms the quantitative assessment of these processes is great importance. Currently, calculation formulas have been developed to assess the adaptive potential of a particular cultivar, taking into account their yield. In this case, it is necessary to use the average yield of the variety and culture for the entire period of cultivation to quantify the value of the adaptive potential realization. There is a graphical method of determining the value of adaptive potential plants implementation using curves variability phytoindicator features of the studied plants (length, width, area, shape index sheet, the annual growth of trees, the chlorophyll fluorescence induction index etc.), growing under man-made conditions, and the curves of plants these signs variability in background conditions. The value of the adaptive capacity implementation in this case may be defined as the percentage area overlap of the variability phytoindicator characteristic the object in technogenic conditions curve and variability phytoindicator the control test object curve. However, this method provides for the contribution of only the adaptive changes degree and does not take into account the depth of differences in the phytoindicator characteristics the object in technogenic conditions and the control object. To assess changes in the plants parameters under the influence adverse factors environment possible with use the analysis method of growth in ontogenesis lamina dynamics in the contaminated territories. The method involves study the parameters average dynamics (length, width, perimeter and leaf area) of leaves groups (at least five in the group), located on hanging branches on the world four sides, depending on the distance from the road edge and the each group leaves height above the soil surface. Further, statistical modeling reveals multifactorial regularities of the influence of the accounting sheet height above the soil surface, the distance from the road to the accounting leaves individual parameters change. Given the adaptive changes genetic nature developed discrete-systematic approach to the plants adaptive capacity analysis, which allows us to analyze data about the adaptive reactions genetic nature and to obtain new information about the management at different levels of living organisms organization, including the biosphere. Since these methods do not provide for the definition a single quantitative criterion that allows comparative analysis of the several plants phytoindicator parameters dynamics, this was the purpose of this work.","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"495 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76386187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large old trees are significant elements of forests, arboretums, botanical gardens and parks and perform a number of unique functions contributing to ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. At the same time human activities such as compaction of topsoil layers, deterioration of soil permeability and soil aeration drive the decline of large old trees. The human impact is also exacerbated by plants inevitable physiological age-specific changes. The presence of such old trees in urban environments brings great scientific promises enhancing a social, cultural and historical forest value, although these benefits increase responsibility for trees maintaining. Regarding old-growth trees historical, cultural, and environmental significance and their overall vulnerability, the individual-by-individual tree protection measures are required. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is among the most widespread long-lived species in Europe, in particular in Ukraine. In Feofania (or Theophania) forest, that is an oak-hornbeam forest located in southern part in Kyiv, the age of the oldest oak trees reaches about 300 years. In this article, we aim to estimate vitality, overall condition, and recreational digression stages of pedunculate oak trees and to develop the recommendations to maintain and extend trees longevity in Feofania forest. We estimate the stages of recreational digression and vitality using an approach of Hensiruk et al. (1987) and Sanitary Regulations in forests of Ukraine (1995) respectively. The dendrochronological analysis is performed on core samples from sixteen age-old pedunculate oaks in order to determine their exact cambial age and to evaluate their growth rates. We use at least two cores per tree extracted at a height from 0.5 m to 1.3 m above ground level with an increment borer. The tree-ring widths are measured using AxioVision (Carl Zeiss) software to the nearest 0.01 mm. To identify false rings we employ stereomicroscope MBS-1. The individual tree-ring series are cross-dated, standardized and checked using the COFECHA program. Then we determine exact cambial age of oak trees as number of tree-rings in individual series. To estimate the age of trees with cores without pith we use a graphical method. The analyze is performed on 42 increment cores containing 7335 annual rings formed in the period from 1746 to 2016. Measured diameter of the age-old oaks ranges from 57.6 cm to 165.2 cm. The longest chronological series contains 271 years. The age of studied trees varies from 202 to 275 years averaging 175 years and radial growth ranges from 1.07±0.400 mm to 2.85±1.487 mm averaging 1.95±0.792 mm. In recent years the reduction of radial growth isn’t observed, although in a long time interval in five studied trees the rings width not exceeds the individual series average value. However, the growth rate reducing could not be regarded as critical for trees vitality because it is above 10 % of the average value yet. The evaluated mean increment coe
{"title":"Condition, protection and maintenance of age-old pedunculate oak trees in Feofania forest","authors":"Y. Prokopuk, Yaroslav Krylov","doi":"10.15421/031806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15421/031806","url":null,"abstract":"Large old trees are significant elements of forests, arboretums, botanical gardens and parks and perform a number of unique functions contributing to ecosystem integrity and biodiversity. At the same time human activities such as compaction of topsoil layers, deterioration of soil permeability and soil aeration drive the decline of large old trees. The human impact is also exacerbated by plants inevitable physiological age-specific changes. The presence of such old trees in urban environments brings great scientific promises enhancing a social, cultural and historical forest value, although these benefits increase responsibility for trees maintaining. Regarding old-growth trees historical, cultural, and environmental significance and their overall vulnerability, the individual-by-individual tree protection measures are required. Pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) is among the most widespread long-lived species in Europe, in particular in Ukraine. In Feofania (or Theophania) forest, that is an oak-hornbeam forest located in southern part in Kyiv, the age of the oldest oak trees reaches about 300 years. In this article, we aim to estimate vitality, overall condition, and recreational digression stages of pedunculate oak trees and to develop the recommendations to maintain and extend trees longevity in Feofania forest. We estimate the stages of recreational digression and vitality using an approach of Hensiruk et al. (1987) and Sanitary Regulations in forests of Ukraine (1995) respectively. The dendrochronological analysis is performed on core samples from sixteen age-old pedunculate oaks in order to determine their exact cambial age and to evaluate their growth rates. We use at least two cores per tree extracted at a height from 0.5 m to 1.3 m above ground level with an increment borer. The tree-ring widths are measured using AxioVision (Carl Zeiss) software to the nearest 0.01 mm. To identify false rings we employ stereomicroscope MBS-1. The individual tree-ring series are cross-dated, standardized and checked using the COFECHA program. Then we determine exact cambial age of oak trees as number of tree-rings in individual series. To estimate the age of trees with cores without pith we use a graphical method. The analyze is performed on 42 increment cores containing 7335 annual rings formed in the period from 1746 to 2016. Measured diameter of the age-old oaks ranges from 57.6 cm to 165.2 cm. The longest chronological series contains 271 years. The age of studied trees varies from 202 to 275 years averaging 175 years and radial growth ranges from 1.07±0.400 mm to 2.85±1.487 mm averaging 1.95±0.792 mm. In recent years the reduction of radial growth isn’t observed, although in a long time interval in five studied trees the rings width not exceeds the individual series average value. However, the growth rate reducing could not be regarded as critical for trees vitality because it is above 10 % of the average value yet. The evaluated mean increment coe","PeriodicalId":11457,"journal":{"name":"Ecology and Noospherology","volume":"31 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91504066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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