Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Global hydroclimate perturbations during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event","authors":"David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Zhong Han ,&nbsp;Xiumian Hu ,&nbsp;Wenhan Chen ,&nbsp;Simin Jin ,&nbsp;Kentaro Izumi ,&nbsp;Qing Yan ,&nbsp;Viktória Baranyi ,&nbsp;Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Jacopo Dal Corso ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An intensification of the hydrological cycle is an expected consequence of global warming, and this will likely lead to spatially variable precipitation and drought extremes, and more intense tropical storms. Deep time hyperthermal events, characterised by large-scale carbon release and transient global warming, have the potential to provide insights into the nature and magnitude of hydroclimate changes in response to warming. The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE, or Jenkyns Event, ∼183 Ma) was a severe hyperthermal, and is associated with evidence for marked changes in hydroclimate, including: intensified tropical cyclone activity, an increase in global chemical weathering rates, and elevated freshwater runoff and terrigenous sediment fluxes to basins. Nevertheless, key knowledge gaps exist regarding the scale, significance, distribution and interpretation of these changes. Here, we review the evidence for T-OAE hydroclimate changes based on published data from 109 sites. Although these sites are primarily concentrated in the northwest Tethys region, we show that evidence for T-OAE hydroclimate change was globally distributed, and that most sites (63 %) record evidence consistent with an intensification of hydrological cycling under hotter conditions likely characterised by weather/precipitation extremes. Evidence for enhanced storm activity is common; recorded at up to a third of sites from both low and middle latitudes. This evidence is consistent with climate model predictions of increased tropical cyclone intensity and a poleward shift in storm tracks under elevated atmospheric CO₂. Evidence for enhanced weathering and terrigenous fluxes is also common. This evidence, coupled with the evidence for increased storminess, may help explain increased turbidite deposition during the event recorded at some deep-water sites. Although affected by geographic and perhaps sedimentological biases, our findings underline how hydroclimate change was an inherent and perhaps defining characteristic of the T-OAE, potentially of equal paleoenvironmental significance to the seawater deoxygenation that originally defined the event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104946"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On tin and lithium granite systems: A crustal evolution perspective","authors":"Nicholas J. Gardiner ,&nbsp;Richard M. Palin ,&nbsp;Lot Koopmans ,&nbsp;Martin F. Mangler ,&nbsp;Laurence J. Robb","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104947","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The battery metals tin and lithium (Sn&lt;img&gt;Li) are key to renewable energy technologies, with demand driving new interest in the formation and exploration of tin granites and lithium-caesium‑tantalum (LCT) pegmatites. These magmatic-hydrothermal systems originate from highly evolved, reduced, peraluminous, volatile-rich granitic melts which develop elevated concentrations of incompatible metals. Tin granite deposits form either as disseminated magmatic cassiterite, or hydrothermal quartz-cassiterite lodes and greisens, with Li-bearing fluids driving late-stage mica alteration to Li-rich varieties. Conversely, LCT pegmatites record a complex crystallization with Li ores forming during primary magmatic crystallization, and Sn associated with hydrothermal overprints.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first appearance in the geological record of Sn&lt;img&gt;Li granites and pegmatites is linked to the global onset of crustal reworking during Neoarchean terrane assembly, highlighting the key role of crustal evolution processes in their formation. In this contribution, we review our current understanding of Sn&lt;img&gt;Li metallogeny from source to sink through the lens of crustal processes. We focus on recent advances in petrological modelling and in situ microanalysis of rock-forming and accessory minerals, to examine tin granite and LCT pegmatite formation from partial melting of a source rock through melt extraction; emplacement, crystallization, and fractionation; to late-stage hydrothermal processes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Quantitative thermodynamic modelling of crustal melting brings the ability to explore source rock anatexis and resulting melt compositions under various &lt;em&gt;P-T&lt;/em&gt; conditions. Melt Sn&lt;img&gt;Li concentrations are controlled by mineral breakdown and metal partitioning between restite and melt. Sn and Li are primarily hosted in muscovite and biotite; deep crustal melting driving biotite breakdown releases Sn and Li into the melt, however shallow muscovite-driven melting restricts melt Li enrichment. It is difficult to generate a melt capable of saturating Li ore minerals from melting an ordinary clay protolith, hence either multi-stage melting or source metal pre-enrichment may be required.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Microanalysis allows high-precision geochemical and isotopic characterization of mineral phases. We review and summarize case studies using accessory minerals such as zircon, apatite, and mica, whose compositions are particularly powerful in tracking metal concentration and mobility during magma evolution and the magmatic-hydrothermal transition, with potential applications to exploration efforts. In tandem, the development of novel geochronometers such as cassiterite or columbite U&lt;img&gt;Pb help improve constraints on the age and timing of mineralization with respect to magmatism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Finally, we consider the formation of tin granites and LCT pegmatites in 4D using the framework of long-lived, transcrustal magmatic systems. These models may help describe how prol","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104947"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The far-field interplay between peripheral Cenerian Orogeny and inner north Gondwanan hinterland: Cambro-Ordovician siliciclastic veneer and pre-Hirnantian unconformities (Sahara, central Libya)","authors":"Darko Spahić ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Cocco ,&nbsp;Pavle Tančić","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intra-Ordovician geodynamics along the northern Gondwana margin, defined in most parts of exotic southern peri-Gondwanan Europe, had a far-field effect on the subsiding Gondwanan interior. The outboard peripheral Cenerian Orogeny influenced the ongoing subsidence and deposition of monotonous clastic Cambrian – Lower Ordovician mega-sequence unconformably overlying North African basements. A combination of literature review and field mapping provides first-order constraints between the truncated Cambro-Ordovician successions of central Libya and peri-Gondwanan intra-Ordovician deformation recorded in south-European and Alpine-Carpathian-Balkan basements (unconformity markers). The data synthesis further permits a genetic connection between the detached exotic Ordovician northeastern Gondwanan flank (south Europe/Alps-Carpathian-Balkans) and its subsiding Ordovician intra-cratonic hinterland. By coupling the complex stratigraphic, detrital zircon, and ironstone datasets as unconformity markers, link between south-central European and North African Ordovician imprints is provided.</div><div>Several Gondwanan intraplate truncations in stratigraphy coincide with recurrent Ordovician geodynamical interferences, particularly unconformities embedded into the northeastern Gondwanan assemblage. The most relevant of these intraplate truncations is the so-called \"intra-Arenigian\" angular unconformity. The “intra-Arenigian” angular unconformity coincides with eastern Gondwanan Cenerian or Sardic intra-Ordovician deformational episodes. The “intra-Arenigian” angular unconformity separates monotoneous super-mature clastic Cambrian-Lower Ordovician from Darriwilian strata of North African hinterland, or the Hasawnah from the Hawaz Formations. The stratigraphic position of this angular unconformity fits with the outer-shelf active margin-related geodynamic compressional interferences (collision or “docking”, no crustal thickening involved). Broadly analogous intra-Ordovician geodynamic relationship was already recognized in detached exotic south European Variscan terranes referred to as the Sardic and Sarrabese mid-Ordovician tectonic phases. The detrital zircon populations within the transgressive Middle Ordovician Hawaz Formation suggest a provenance change consistent with a vast shallow shelf linking the northeastern Gondwanan flank and hinterland. The post-unconformity sequence or stratigraphically lowermost Hawaz K-bentonites of the Darriwilian age and the recently mapped basalts interbedded within the Melaz Shuqrāne Formation (Upper Katian-Hirnantian) could be in correlation with a short-lived back-arc or rift-related (intracratonic) volcanism. The Ordovician back-arc extension or rifting event postdates the accretionary tectonics in the outboard flanking Cenerian Orogeny. Such magmatism could be in relation to the Late Ordovician – Silurian rift and drift-off of the peri-Godwanan terrane assembly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104952"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displacement prediction of landslides at slope-scale: Review of physics-based and data-driven approaches","authors":"Wenping Gong ,&nbsp;Shaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;C. Hsein Juang ,&nbsp;Huiming Tang ,&nbsp;Shiva P. Pudasaini","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a critical review of the landslide displacement prediction is conducted, based on a database of 359 articles on landslide displacement prediction published from 1985 to 2023. The statistical analysis of this database shows that the methods taken for the landslide displacement prediction could be categorized into physics-based and data-driven approaches. In the context of the physics-based approaches, the displacement of a landslide is characterized and predicted by a physics-based model that approximates the deformation mechanism of the landslide; whereas, the displacement, in the data-driven approaches, is often characterized and predicted by a mathematical or machine learning model, established based on analyses of the historical data. Note that although physics-based approaches were generally adopted in the early studies, data-driven approaches are becoming more and more popular in recent years. The main components involved in the physics-based approaches, including principles for establishing the prediction model, determination of model parameters, solution strategies of the model built, evaluation of the model's predictive performance, are first reviewed based on the literature database; then, those of the data-driven approaches, including methods for pre-processing the landslide displacement and influencing factors, algorithms for establishing the prediction model, calibration of model parameters, probabilistic prediction methods of landslide displacement, and evaluation of the model's predictive performance, are analyzed. Based on analyses of the information collected from the literature and our experience, we further discuss the challenges faced in landslide displacement prediction and offer recommendations for future research. We suggest that a hybrid prediction framework that takes advantage of both physics-based and data-driven approaches, a multi-field and multi-parameter landslide monitoring scheme, and an efficient strategy for the calibration of model parameters warrant further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104948"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing fluid-rock interaction diagenetic models with focus on tectonic settings","authors":"Fadi H. Nader ,&nbsp;Liviu C. Matenco ,&nbsp;Bilal U. Haq","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new conceptual diagenetic model is proposed to better understand the relationship between multi-scale tectonic and the ensuing diagenetic processes, whereby the physio-chemical fluid-rock interaction processes are linked to tectonic controls, in terms of creation or destruction of accommodation space, the evolution of overburden and compaction, exhumation, as well as fracturing and creation of fluid flow pathways. In our research, key processes involved in diagenetic fluid-rock interactions have been applied to a recent multi-scale tectonically induced sedimentation model in order to define a linked diagenetic-tectonic cyclicity concept. We demonstrate the applicability of this concept in various tectonic and depositional systems with worldwide examples. Four distinct diagenetic fluid types modify the properties of sedimentary systems, which are basinal fluids, compactional fluids, meteoric fluids, and fault-associated fluids. The related, time-independent, diagenetic facies and their extent in the subsurface defined as diagenetic facies tracts include the modified rock affected by a singular diagenetic fluid or process. The proposed diagenetic facies tracts are the basinal diagenetic facies tract, compactional diagenetic facies tract, meteoric diagenetic facies tract and fracture-associated diagenetic facies tract. Their subsurface extent is controlled by the tectonic evolution, and we demonstrate that quantification and prediction is possible using a previously defined tectonic successions model. Each diagenetic facies tract is associated with a set of diagenetic processes and resulting products, that ultimately impact the pore space of the host rock and its flow properties. The combinations of several diagenetic tracts (into diagenetic facies tracts complexes) have been assessed, showing that the optimal situation for enhanced flow is the one that combines meteoric diagenetic facies tracts with fracture-associated diagenetic facies tracts, where karst dissolution together with fracturing are common. Contrastingly, quiescent tectonic settings with a typical burial history result in excessive cementation and therefore reduced flow. These attributes are critical for the large-scale screening and quantification of subsurface geo-resources, conventional and particularly important for the sustainable ones (e.g., geothermal energy) and geological storage (e.g., CO₂ or energy) that are associated with enhanced fluid-rock interaction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104951"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary evolution of the Miocene syn-rift marginal and deeper marine facies in the Gulf of Suez rift basin, Egypt: A review","authors":"Mounir H. El-Azabi","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Miocene is a crucial epoch in the evolution of the Gulf of Suez basin. Its deposits experienced rapid and distinct spatial and temporal variations in facies and thickness due to deposition in a complex system of fault-bounded sub-basins that were continuously active throughout most of the Miocene. This review addresses the evolution of Miocene facies in the Gulf of Suez, which remains a major challenge, by integrating a detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological study. Two markedly different facies characterize Miocene deposits: marginal and deeper marine facies. Regionally traced unconformities intersect these facies, reflecting the nature of the tectonically active rift basin in which they accumulated. They define seven depositional sequences in the lower and middle Miocene facies exposed along the rift margins. Unconformities and related sea-level falls formed in response to major rift events, although some are associated with eustatic sea-level falls. The latter played an important role during the rift abandonment, when tectonic subsidence was slow. The evolution of Miocene facies reveals three distinct phases of rifting, each showing unique subsidence rate, sedimentation rate, structural relief, depositional systems, and facies architectures. These phases define four depositional stages, including the shallow marine stage, the open marine stage, the transitional stage, and the restriction stage. The first stage displays slow tectonic subsidence and initial marine invasion during the Aquitanian–early Burdigalian (Nukhul Formation). The second stage shows a rapid increase in rates of crustal extension, tectonic subsidence, and sedimentation during the early–late Burdigalian (Rudeis Formation), and a marked uplift of the rift shoulders in the late Burdigalian. The third stage indicates reduced rates of extension, subsidence, and sedimentation during the Langhian (Kareem Formation). The final stage shows a very slow subsidence with periodic water inflows from the Mediterranean during the Serravallian (Belayim Formation), and ends with an uplift in the northernmost Gulf of Suez basin that permanently isolates it from the north during the Tortonian–Messinian (South Gharib and Zeit formations). Facies attributed to the Gharamul and Gemsa formations, and the Sarbut El-Gamal Formation developed simultaneously along the western and eastern rift margins, respectively, during the second, third, and the lower part of the fourth evolutionary stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104944"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overland flow resistance: A review","authors":"Alessio Nicosia ,&nbsp;Francesco Giuseppe Carollo ,&nbsp;Costanza Di Stefano ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Palmeri ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Pampalone ,&nbsp;Vito Ferro","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shallow water flows over rough natural hillslopes contribute to interrill erosion and floods. The friction factor, that describes the hydraulic resistance, is particularly important for modeling soil erosion and transport processes. The present review focuses on the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor <em>f</em> for both large and small-scale roughness conditions and addresses the effects of rainfall intensity, vegetation cover, and sediment transport on overland flow resistance. All the studies on rainfall effect agree regarding the increase of the friction factor with rainfall intensity for the laminar flow regime and their independence for flows characterized by Reynolds number higher than a threshold varying between 800 and 2000. The analysis of the literature allows for concluding that <em>f</em> always increases with vegetation cover. Moreover, <em>f</em> (or its component due to sediment transport) increases with sediment concentration, slope, and Reynolds number, while it decreases with increasing values of Froude number and dimensionless sediment diameter. Finally, the focus areas for future research are highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104949"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence for mineral exploration: A review and perspectives on future directions from data science","authors":"Fanfan Yang ,&nbsp;Renguang Zuo ,&nbsp;Oliver P. Kreuzer","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The massive accumulation of available multi-modal mineral exploration data for most metallogenic belts worldwide provides abundant information for the discovery of mineral resources. However, managing and analyzing these ever-growing and multidisciplinary mineral exploration data has become increasingly time-consuming and labor-intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated powerful prediction and knowledge integration capabilities, enabling geologists to efficiently leverage mineral exploration data. This paper reviews publications on state-of-the-art AI applications for ten mineral exploration tasks ranging from data mining to grade and tonnage estimation. These studies are based on expert systems, fuzzy logic, and various machine learning algorithms designed to optimize and improve the workflow of mineral exploration. We recognize that most AI for mineral exploration is data-driven research for now. However, AI models that couple geological knowledge and mineral exploration data will be increasingly favored in this field in the future. This paper also discusses the challenges of AI in mineral exploration research and the implications of future developments associated with novel technologies and practical deployments. Although AI has not yet been extensively tested for practical deployment in mineral exploration, its study execution exhibits the potential to trigger a fundamental research paradigm shift.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104941"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source-to-sink reconstruction of early Paleozoic Western Gondwana mega-scale alluvial systems","authors":"Rodrigo I. Cerri,&nbsp;Lucas V. Warren,&nbsp;Mario L. Assine","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northern Africa and northeastern South America formed an extensive passive margin that experienced a long period of continental sedimentation after Western Gondwana's final assembly (Ordovician-Silurian). In the late Cambrian to Ordovician, these regions were covered by thick successions of quartz-rich sandstone widely deposited across the Western Gondwana due to extensive continental-scale alluvial systems (northeastern Brazil) and huge sediment distributive systems (northern Africa; Gondwana super-fan system/Gondwana mega-fan system). Here, we present a compilation of detrital zircon U<img>Pb ages of sandstone from North Africa, the Middle East (East African-Arabian Zircon Province and West African Zircon Province), and Northeast Brazil, allowing us to identify and integrate the sediment provenance along the northern margin of Western Gondwana during the Cambrian-Ordovician times. The here-named Northeast Brazil Zircon Province, based on kernel density estimate plots, multidimensional scaling, and cumulative age distribution, shows similar source areas and comparable detrital zircon U<img>Pb age spectra to the West African Zircon Province, both being sourced by Neoproterozoic orogenic areas (Brasiliano and Trans-Saharan orogens). We argue that all the post-Western Gondwana assembly sediments were ultimately redistributed by transcontinental alluvial systems (continental-scale rivers systems in northeast Brazil) and large sedimentary fans and distributive systems (northern Africa) towards the extensive passive margin of Western Gondwana. These continental-scale alluvial systems flowed in an extensive platform or ramp slightly tilted towards the north/northwestern margins of Western Gondwana, giving birth to several pericratonic sedimentary basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104940"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global-scale constraints on the origins of aerosol iron using stable iron isotopes: A review","authors":"Ting Wei ,&nbsp;Zhiwen Dong ,&nbsp;Chunlei Zong ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Liu ,&nbsp;Shichang Kang ,&nbsp;Yan Yan ,&nbsp;Jiawen Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the origins of aerosol iron (Fe) is crucial for comprehending its influence on Earth's climate and the global biogeochemical cycle. Fe isotopes (δ⁵⁶Fe) serve as a distinctive and effective tool for constraining aerosol Fe sources and transport routes. In this work, we comprehensively compiled a global dataset (<em>n</em> = 195) of recent aerosol Fe isotopes, spanning diverse atmospheric environments such as urban areas, remote glacier areas, and oceans in order to elucidate the distribution of aerosol Fe isotopes and conduct a quantitative assessment of atmospheric Fe sources on a global scale. We first summarized the spatiotemporal distribution of aerosol δ⁵⁶Fe and its partitioning pattern in various aerosol size fractions. On the spatial scale, the field observations of aerosol Fe isotopes were predominantly concentrated in the Northern Hemisphere locations. Aerosol δ⁵⁶Fe exhibited a pronounced decreasing trend from glaciers to oceans to human-influenced urban areas. On the temporal change, aerosol δ⁵⁶Fe showed lower values during non-dust periods compared to those of dust periods, along with greater variability. The partitioning pattern of δ⁵⁶Fe in various aerosol size fractions is characterized by a notable enrichment of lighter isotopes in PM_2.5 compared to that of bulk samples and PM_&gt;2.5. Secondly, the current quantification study of aerosol Fe sources using Fe isotopes remains uncertain due to the exclusion of heavy-isotope anthropogenic endmembers in calculations. Therefore, here we re-categorized the global aerosol-Fe sources into three endmembers along with their representative δ⁵⁶Fe values, including natural dust (0.09 ± 0.03 ‰), steel smelting+automobile exhaust (−2.9 ± 1.3 ‰), as well as coal combustion (0.46 ± 0.16 ‰). Finally, utilizing the MixSIAR model and complied isotope dataset, we identified coal combustion as the predominant anthropogenic source of aerosol Fe on the hemisphere scale. To enhance our understanding of the atmospheric Fe cycle, future research will necessitate broader large-scale observations of aerosol Fe isotopes, with a particular emphasis on the Southern Hemisphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104943"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}