Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Post-collisional porphyry copper deposits in Tibet: An overview","authors":"Zhiming Yang , Kang Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a review of the geology and geochemistry of post-collisional PCDs in Tibet, including their spatial–temporal distribution, features of the ore-forming porphyries, magmatic origin and evolution, water–metal–S sources, alteration and mineralization features, fluid sources and evolution, conditions of Cu–Mo mineralization, and geodynamic models of their formation.</div><div>The post-collisional PCDs in Tibet contain total resources of ∼46 million tonnes (Mt) Cu at an average grade of 0.3–0.6 % Cu. They are mainly concentrated in the Gangdese, Yulong, and Ailaoshan–Red River belts, with ages of 30–13, 43–37, and 36–34 Ma, respectively. Their ore-forming porphyries have compositions that vary from granodiorite to monzogranite, syenogranite, and granite, and are high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic, with adakite-like signatures and highly variable Sr–Nd–Pb–Hf isotopic compositions. The ore-forming porphyries were mainly generated by partial melting of subduction-modified, thickened mafic lower crust with contributions from metasomatized lithospheric mantle. The causes of lower-crustal melting include asthenospheric upwelling associated with delamination of lithospheric mantle or slab tearing/break-off, and/or underplating of mafic magmas derived from metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle. Ore-forming metals and S were mainly sourced by remelting of sulfide phases introduced into the lower crust during pre-collisional arc magmatism. Water necessary for mineralization was concentrated by dehydration reactions in the upper part of the subducting continental plate and/or degassing of water-rich ultrapotassic and/or alkaline mafic magmas derived from the mantle.</div><div>Similar to subduction-related PCDs, post-collisional PCDs in Tibet exhibit typical alteration zoning from inner potassic to outer propylitic zones, but with more intense overprinting of phyllic alteration on the former two alteration zones, likely due to higher rates of <em>syn</em>-mineralization uplift. Copper mineralization in post-collisional PCDs is mainly associated with phyllic alteration (particularly chlorite–sericite alteration) and, to a lesser extent, with potassic alteration, which is different from the typical association with potassic alteration in subduction-related PCDs. The initial ore-forming fluids in the post-collisional PCDs are single-phase, intermediate-density, and low-salinity fluids derived from evolved magma reservoirs. With ascent and decompression, the single-phase fluids separate into immiscible metal-rich hypersaline liquids responsible for potassic alteration and a low-salinity vapor. The evolved single-phase fluids are possibly diluted by meteoric waters, which leads to phyllic alteration. Cooling of magmatic–hydrothermal fluids may control metal precipitation in some post-collisional PCDs.</div><div>The development of post-collisional PCDs in Tibet indicates that other collision zones worldwide also have the potenti","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104954"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional detrital zircon record of the drainage sediments surrounding the South China Sea: Provenance signature and tectonic implications","authors":"Ce Wang ,&nbsp;Heqi Cui ,&nbsp;Cheng-Shing Chiang ,&nbsp;Ming Su ,&nbsp;Letian Zeng ,&nbsp;Junmin Jia ,&nbsp;Liangjie Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>U–Pb geochronology of detrital zircon is a powerful proxy that has seen significant growth and led to breakthroughs in understanding the sedimentary process and tectonic evolution in the South China Sea and its adjacent source terranes. However, uncertainties remain in determining the provenance of sediments due to the lack of systematic age compositions of the surrounding eroding sources. Here we present a new zircon U–Pb geochronological dataset from major drainage systems in seven geological domains surrounding the South China Sea, including large and coastal rivers in the South China and Indochina blocks, as well as rivers on the islands of Hainan, Taiwan, Luzon, Palawan, and Borneo. This dataset, combined with published data, forms a comprehensive detrital zircon U–Pb geochronological and Hf isotopic database (<em>n</em> = 21,580) for fluvial systems discharging into the South China Sea. The results show that these detrital zircons, with ages ranging from the Archean to the Cenozoic, have two major age groups at 260–220 Ma and 130–80 Ma and subordinate age populations at 2600–2400 Ma, 1900–1700 Ma, 1000–600 Ma, 500–390 Ma, and 40–20 Ma, corresponding to the major tectono-magmatic events in East and Southeast Asia. Detailed comparisons reveal distinct age signatures for each drainage system correlated with the basement characteristics of river basins, indicating a heterogeneous zircon age distribution. The findings indicate that the surrounding terranes have a significantly different crustal evolution history, with juvenile crustal growth occurring in the East and Southeast Asian continent predominantly during 2600–2400 Ma, 1800–1500 Ma, and 1000–700 Ma, and on the island of Luzon during the Cenozoic. This study provides a detrital zircon record for drainage systems surrounding the South China Sea and presents a method for defining regional first-order strategies to characterize the provenance and crustal evolution of the source terranes. The integrated dataset provides a critical foundation for investigating regional sediment provenance and tectonic correlations in East and Southeast Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104953"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Did the Deccan Volcanism impact the Indian flora during the Maastrichtian?","authors":"Shreya Mishra ,&nbsp;Mahi Bansal ,&nbsp;Vandana Prasad ,&nbsp;Vikram Partap Singh ,&nbsp;Srikanta Murthy ,&nbsp;Shalini Parmar ,&nbsp;Torsten Utescher ,&nbsp;Ranjit Khangar","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104950","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Deccan-associated sediments (Lameta and intertrappean deposits) hold great potential for understanding the role of Deccan Volcanism in the late Maastrichtian ecological upheaval. However, it is challenging to ascertain Deccan Volcanism driven floral changes on the Indian Plate due to unresolvedstratigraphyic and lack of well-dated terrestrial sequences. We provide a thorough palaeobotanical, palaeoclimatic and palaeobiogeographic review of the pre-Deccan (Lameta deposits) and &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-Deccan (intertrappean deposits) sequences. We present a detailed palynological analysis of C29R magnetochron intertrappean section from Yeotmal, central India, depicting episodic regional floral responses to volcanism. We have critically reviewed the Indian Maastrichtian palaeofloral and palaeoclimatic records within the best-resolved chronologies to clarify the spatiotemporal changes in palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate pertaining to the Deccan Volcanism. Furthermore, we evaluated the global fossil records of all the nearest living relatives of the studied assemblage to enhance our understanding of the genesis of the late Maastrichtian flora of the Deccan Volcanic Province.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Our study showcases three stages of the Maastrichtian floral succession, corresponding to a quiescent phase between two secondary magmatic pulses of the C29R Magnetochron. Palaeowildfires and massive magmatic outflow caused by the active volcanism severely damaged the pre-existing flora. Progressively, confined and diminished volcanism at Stage-I allowed few aquatic and herbaceous species to flourish within the accessible lacustrine habitats. The dormant volcanic activity at Stage-II, in conjunction with the warm (MAT - ∼26 °C) and moist (MAP - ∼2270 mm) conditions due to latitudinal shifting of the Indian Plate within the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone, facilitated rapid expansion and diversification of the low-lying megathermal angiosperm forest within various habitats along shallow embayments. The gradual resurgence of volcanic activity at Stage-III resulted in widespread wildfires and forest knockdowns. The swift revival of the hyper-diverse tropical flora during the quiescent phase (Stage-II) does not show long-term (millennial scale) adverse impact of the Deccan Volcanism on the Indian Maastrichtian flora. The palaeobotanical and palaeoclimatic review suggests a consistent subtropical to tropical climate on the Indian Plate during the late Maastrichtian. However, a shift in seasonality from a seasonally dry climate supporting gymnosperm-angiosperm flora during the pre-Deccan phase to a seasonally wet climate and angiosperm-dominated flora during the &lt;em&gt;syn&lt;/em&gt;-Deccan phase is noticeable. Furthermore, the palaeobiogeographic analysis suggests that much of the Maastrichtian biodiversity on the Indian Plate is a consequence of floral influx from South America and Africa via the Kohistan-Ladakh Island arc. Nonetheless, 41.2 % of the palaeoendemic taxa in the stu","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104950"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Eocene-Oligocene unconformity in clastic sedimentary basins","authors":"Zachary F.M. Burton ,&nbsp;Tim R. McHargue ,&nbsp;Stephan A. Graham","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global sedimentary hiatuses are well-documented in ancient pelagic sediment, and include Paleocene, Eocene-Oligocene boundary, and Miocene hiatuses. Less clear is the extent of these hiatuses in continental margin settings. Here, we test the hypothesis that global hiatuses evident in pelagic sections are also manifested in siliciclastic basins of continental margins globally. We choose to focus on the Eocene greenhouse to Oligocene icehouse transition, a period that is remarkable as the most profound climatic transition of the Cenozoic, and a period characterized by extreme cooling and expansion of polar ice, sea-level fall, and global changes to ocean circulation. We perform a comprehensive review of marine siliciclastic basin literature to produce a global inventory of Eocene-Oligocene unconformities. We find evidence for a prominent Eocene-Oligocene unconformity in sedimentary basins along the margins of every continent. The globally-widespread distribution of unconformities suggests global controls on their development. Furthermore, Eocene-Oligocene erosion surfaces are common in shelf settings, as well as in deep-water settings from slope to basin floor, indicating unconformity-generating processes across a wide range of water depths. Global sea-level fall may have driven subaerial shelf exposure and erosive down-slope processes including submarine canyon cutting and mass wasting. Meanwhile, the intensification of deep-ocean thermohaline currents potentially induced erosion of not only pelagic successions, but also of clastic successions. Overall, our documentation of globally-widespread Eocene-Oligocene unconformities suggests global controls, of which the extreme climatic and oceanographic changes of the greenhouse to icehouse transition seem particularly compelling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104912"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global hydroclimate perturbations during the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event","authors":"David B. Kemp ,&nbsp;Zhong Han ,&nbsp;Xiumian Hu ,&nbsp;Wenhan Chen ,&nbsp;Simin Jin ,&nbsp;Kentaro Izumi ,&nbsp;Qing Yan ,&nbsp;Viktória Baranyi ,&nbsp;Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Jacopo Dal Corso ,&nbsp;Yuzhu Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An intensification of the hydrological cycle is an expected consequence of global warming, and this will likely lead to spatially variable precipitation and drought extremes, and more intense tropical storms. Deep time hyperthermal events, characterised by large-scale carbon release and transient global warming, have the potential to provide insights into the nature and magnitude of hydroclimate changes in response to warming. The Toarcian oceanic anoxic event (T-OAE, or Jenkyns Event, ∼183 Ma) was a severe hyperthermal, and is associated with evidence for marked changes in hydroclimate, including: intensified tropical cyclone activity, an increase in global chemical weathering rates, and elevated freshwater runoff and terrigenous sediment fluxes to basins. Nevertheless, key knowledge gaps exist regarding the scale, significance, distribution and interpretation of these changes. Here, we review the evidence for T-OAE hydroclimate changes based on published data from 109 sites. Although these sites are primarily concentrated in the northwest Tethys region, we show that evidence for T-OAE hydroclimate change was globally distributed, and that most sites (63 %) record evidence consistent with an intensification of hydrological cycling under hotter conditions likely characterised by weather/precipitation extremes. Evidence for enhanced storm activity is common; recorded at up to a third of sites from both low and middle latitudes. This evidence is consistent with climate model predictions of increased tropical cyclone intensity and a poleward shift in storm tracks under elevated atmospheric CO₂. Evidence for enhanced weathering and terrigenous fluxes is also common. This evidence, coupled with the evidence for increased storminess, may help explain increased turbidite deposition during the event recorded at some deep-water sites. Although affected by geographic and perhaps sedimentological biases, our findings underline how hydroclimate change was an inherent and perhaps defining characteristic of the T-OAE, potentially of equal paleoenvironmental significance to the seawater deoxygenation that originally defined the event.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104946"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On tin and lithium granite systems: A crustal evolution perspective","authors":"Nicholas J. Gardiner ,&nbsp;Richard M. Palin ,&nbsp;Lot Koopmans ,&nbsp;Martin F. Mangler ,&nbsp;Laurence J. Robb","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104947","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The battery metals tin and lithium (Sn&lt;img&gt;Li) are key to renewable energy technologies, with demand driving new interest in the formation and exploration of tin granites and lithium-caesium‑tantalum (LCT) pegmatites. These magmatic-hydrothermal systems originate from highly evolved, reduced, peraluminous, volatile-rich granitic melts which develop elevated concentrations of incompatible metals. Tin granite deposits form either as disseminated magmatic cassiterite, or hydrothermal quartz-cassiterite lodes and greisens, with Li-bearing fluids driving late-stage mica alteration to Li-rich varieties. Conversely, LCT pegmatites record a complex crystallization with Li ores forming during primary magmatic crystallization, and Sn associated with hydrothermal overprints.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The first appearance in the geological record of Sn&lt;img&gt;Li granites and pegmatites is linked to the global onset of crustal reworking during Neoarchean terrane assembly, highlighting the key role of crustal evolution processes in their formation. In this contribution, we review our current understanding of Sn&lt;img&gt;Li metallogeny from source to sink through the lens of crustal processes. We focus on recent advances in petrological modelling and in situ microanalysis of rock-forming and accessory minerals, to examine tin granite and LCT pegmatite formation from partial melting of a source rock through melt extraction; emplacement, crystallization, and fractionation; to late-stage hydrothermal processes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Quantitative thermodynamic modelling of crustal melting brings the ability to explore source rock anatexis and resulting melt compositions under various &lt;em&gt;P-T&lt;/em&gt; conditions. Melt Sn&lt;img&gt;Li concentrations are controlled by mineral breakdown and metal partitioning between restite and melt. Sn and Li are primarily hosted in muscovite and biotite; deep crustal melting driving biotite breakdown releases Sn and Li into the melt, however shallow muscovite-driven melting restricts melt Li enrichment. It is difficult to generate a melt capable of saturating Li ore minerals from melting an ordinary clay protolith, hence either multi-stage melting or source metal pre-enrichment may be required.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Microanalysis allows high-precision geochemical and isotopic characterization of mineral phases. We review and summarize case studies using accessory minerals such as zircon, apatite, and mica, whose compositions are particularly powerful in tracking metal concentration and mobility during magma evolution and the magmatic-hydrothermal transition, with potential applications to exploration efforts. In tandem, the development of novel geochronometers such as cassiterite or columbite U&lt;img&gt;Pb help improve constraints on the age and timing of mineralization with respect to magmatism.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Finally, we consider the formation of tin granites and LCT pegmatites in 4D using the framework of long-lived, transcrustal magmatic systems. These models may help describe how prol","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104947"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The far-field interplay between peripheral Cenerian Orogeny and inner north Gondwanan hinterland: Cambro-Ordovician siliciclastic veneer and pre-Hirnantian unconformities (Sahara, central Libya)","authors":"Darko Spahić ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Cocco ,&nbsp;Pavle Tančić","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intra-Ordovician geodynamics along the northern Gondwana margin, defined in most parts of exotic southern peri-Gondwanan Europe, had a far-field effect on the subsiding Gondwanan interior. The outboard peripheral Cenerian Orogeny influenced the ongoing subsidence and deposition of monotonous clastic Cambrian – Lower Ordovician mega-sequence unconformably overlying North African basements. A combination of literature review and field mapping provides first-order constraints between the truncated Cambro-Ordovician successions of central Libya and peri-Gondwanan intra-Ordovician deformation recorded in south-European and Alpine-Carpathian-Balkan basements (unconformity markers). The data synthesis further permits a genetic connection between the detached exotic Ordovician northeastern Gondwanan flank (south Europe/Alps-Carpathian-Balkans) and its subsiding Ordovician intra-cratonic hinterland. By coupling the complex stratigraphic, detrital zircon, and ironstone datasets as unconformity markers, link between south-central European and North African Ordovician imprints is provided.</div><div>Several Gondwanan intraplate truncations in stratigraphy coincide with recurrent Ordovician geodynamical interferences, particularly unconformities embedded into the northeastern Gondwanan assemblage. The most relevant of these intraplate truncations is the so-called \"intra-Arenigian\" angular unconformity. The “intra-Arenigian” angular unconformity coincides with eastern Gondwanan Cenerian or Sardic intra-Ordovician deformational episodes. The “intra-Arenigian” angular unconformity separates monotoneous super-mature clastic Cambrian-Lower Ordovician from Darriwilian strata of North African hinterland, or the Hasawnah from the Hawaz Formations. The stratigraphic position of this angular unconformity fits with the outer-shelf active margin-related geodynamic compressional interferences (collision or “docking”, no crustal thickening involved). Broadly analogous intra-Ordovician geodynamic relationship was already recognized in detached exotic south European Variscan terranes referred to as the Sardic and Sarrabese mid-Ordovician tectonic phases. The detrital zircon populations within the transgressive Middle Ordovician Hawaz Formation suggest a provenance change consistent with a vast shallow shelf linking the northeastern Gondwanan flank and hinterland. The post-unconformity sequence or stratigraphically lowermost Hawaz K-bentonites of the Darriwilian age and the recently mapped basalts interbedded within the Melaz Shuqrāne Formation (Upper Katian-Hirnantian) could be in correlation with a short-lived back-arc or rift-related (intracratonic) volcanism. The Ordovician back-arc extension or rifting event postdates the accretionary tectonics in the outboard flanking Cenerian Orogeny. Such magmatism could be in relation to the Late Ordovician – Silurian rift and drift-off of the peri-Godwanan terrane assembly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104952"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displacement prediction of landslides at slope-scale: Review of physics-based and data-driven approaches","authors":"Wenping Gong ,&nbsp;Shaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;C. Hsein Juang ,&nbsp;Huiming Tang ,&nbsp;Shiva P. Pudasaini","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a critical review of the landslide displacement prediction is conducted, based on a database of 359 articles on landslide displacement prediction published from 1985 to 2023. The statistical analysis of this database shows that the methods taken for the landslide displacement prediction could be categorized into physics-based and data-driven approaches. In the context of the physics-based approaches, the displacement of a landslide is characterized and predicted by a physics-based model that approximates the deformation mechanism of the landslide; whereas, the displacement, in the data-driven approaches, is often characterized and predicted by a mathematical or machine learning model, established based on analyses of the historical data. Note that although physics-based approaches were generally adopted in the early studies, data-driven approaches are becoming more and more popular in recent years. The main components involved in the physics-based approaches, including principles for establishing the prediction model, determination of model parameters, solution strategies of the model built, evaluation of the model's predictive performance, are first reviewed based on the literature database; then, those of the data-driven approaches, including methods for pre-processing the landslide displacement and influencing factors, algorithms for establishing the prediction model, calibration of model parameters, probabilistic prediction methods of landslide displacement, and evaluation of the model's predictive performance, are analyzed. Based on analyses of the information collected from the literature and our experience, we further discuss the challenges faced in landslide displacement prediction and offer recommendations for future research. We suggest that a hybrid prediction framework that takes advantage of both physics-based and data-driven approaches, a multi-field and multi-parameter landslide monitoring scheme, and an efficient strategy for the calibration of model parameters warrant further investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104948"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conceptualizing fluid-rock interaction diagenetic models with focus on tectonic settings","authors":"Fadi H. Nader ,&nbsp;Liviu C. Matenco ,&nbsp;Bilal U. Haq","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new conceptual diagenetic model is proposed to better understand the relationship between multi-scale tectonic and the ensuing diagenetic processes, whereby the physio-chemical fluid-rock interaction processes are linked to tectonic controls, in terms of creation or destruction of accommodation space, the evolution of overburden and compaction, exhumation, as well as fracturing and creation of fluid flow pathways. In our research, key processes involved in diagenetic fluid-rock interactions have been applied to a recent multi-scale tectonically induced sedimentation model in order to define a linked diagenetic-tectonic cyclicity concept. We demonstrate the applicability of this concept in various tectonic and depositional systems with worldwide examples. Four distinct diagenetic fluid types modify the properties of sedimentary systems, which are basinal fluids, compactional fluids, meteoric fluids, and fault-associated fluids. The related, time-independent, diagenetic facies and their extent in the subsurface defined as diagenetic facies tracts include the modified rock affected by a singular diagenetic fluid or process. The proposed diagenetic facies tracts are the basinal diagenetic facies tract, compactional diagenetic facies tract, meteoric diagenetic facies tract and fracture-associated diagenetic facies tract. Their subsurface extent is controlled by the tectonic evolution, and we demonstrate that quantification and prediction is possible using a previously defined tectonic successions model. Each diagenetic facies tract is associated with a set of diagenetic processes and resulting products, that ultimately impact the pore space of the host rock and its flow properties. The combinations of several diagenetic tracts (into diagenetic facies tracts complexes) have been assessed, showing that the optimal situation for enhanced flow is the one that combines meteoric diagenetic facies tracts with fracture-associated diagenetic facies tracts, where karst dissolution together with fracturing are common. Contrastingly, quiescent tectonic settings with a typical burial history result in excessive cementation and therefore reduced flow. These attributes are critical for the large-scale screening and quantification of subsurface geo-resources, conventional and particularly important for the sustainable ones (e.g., geothermal energy) and geological storage (e.g., CO₂ or energy) that are associated with enhanced fluid-rock interaction processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104951"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary evolution of the Miocene syn-rift marginal and deeper marine facies in the Gulf of Suez rift basin, Egypt: A review","authors":"Mounir H. El-Azabi","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Miocene is a crucial epoch in the evolution of the Gulf of Suez basin. Its deposits experienced rapid and distinct spatial and temporal variations in facies and thickness due to deposition in a complex system of fault-bounded sub-basins that were continuously active throughout most of the Miocene. This review addresses the evolution of Miocene facies in the Gulf of Suez, which remains a major challenge, by integrating a detailed stratigraphic and sedimentological study. Two markedly different facies characterize Miocene deposits: marginal and deeper marine facies. Regionally traced unconformities intersect these facies, reflecting the nature of the tectonically active rift basin in which they accumulated. They define seven depositional sequences in the lower and middle Miocene facies exposed along the rift margins. Unconformities and related sea-level falls formed in response to major rift events, although some are associated with eustatic sea-level falls. The latter played an important role during the rift abandonment, when tectonic subsidence was slow. The evolution of Miocene facies reveals three distinct phases of rifting, each showing unique subsidence rate, sedimentation rate, structural relief, depositional systems, and facies architectures. These phases define four depositional stages, including the shallow marine stage, the open marine stage, the transitional stage, and the restriction stage. The first stage displays slow tectonic subsidence and initial marine invasion during the Aquitanian–early Burdigalian (Nukhul Formation). The second stage shows a rapid increase in rates of crustal extension, tectonic subsidence, and sedimentation during the early–late Burdigalian (Rudeis Formation), and a marked uplift of the rift shoulders in the late Burdigalian. The third stage indicates reduced rates of extension, subsidence, and sedimentation during the Langhian (Kareem Formation). The final stage shows a very slow subsidence with periodic water inflows from the Mediterranean during the Serravallian (Belayim Formation), and ends with an uplift in the northernmost Gulf of Suez basin that permanently isolates it from the north during the Tortonian–Messinian (South Gharib and Zeit formations). Facies attributed to the Gharamul and Gemsa formations, and the Sarbut El-Gamal Formation developed simultaneously along the western and eastern rift margins, respectively, during the second, third, and the lower part of the fourth evolutionary stages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104944"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}