Engineering Geology最新文献

英文中文

Impact of engineering geological environment on sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) monitoring performance—Accelerated aging test

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107970

Yuanqiang Cai , Haokang Ying , Jun Wang , Hongtao Fu , Zhiming Liu , Junfeng Ni , Ziyang Gao

Geotechnical deformation monitoring is of great significance for characterizing and understanding the evolution law of geological hazards. In recent years, distributed Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) have shown great application potential due to their advantages of wide strain measurement, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, as a distributed monitoring method for the entire lifecycle, SPGC faces significant challenges in terms of durability and data stability. To this end, accelerated aging tests were performed on the SPGC, including acid–base corrosion, ultraviolet radiation, and thermal oxidation, to explore the mechanical and electrical properties of the SPGC. The test results show that the daily static normalized impedance continues to increase with increasing age and tends to be stable after reaching the threshold, showing an exponential function relationship. After aging, the physical and mechanical properties of the SPGC exhibit different degrees of loss, showing a rapid declining trend initially, which gradually becomes slow; the percentage loss is more than 80 %, which satisfies the requirements of more than 50 % of the standard. The impedance–strain curve, normalized impedance threshold, and characteristic point voltage changed the most in the first 14 d. Among these, thermal oxidation and ultraviolet radiation had the greatest influence on the SPGC monitoring performance. Considering the applications of SPGC in different monitoring environments and periods, a normalized impedance compensation model (initial 6 % strain) is proposed in this study considering the engineering geological environment and time. The maximum average error was 9.28 %. The research findings confirm the feasibility of applying SPGC for monitoring geotechnical deformations throughout the entire lifecycle of engineering projects. It highlights the importance of effective data calibration and processing during the monitoring process to improve both the accuracy of the measurements and the reliability of the results.

{"title":"Impact of engineering geological environment on sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) monitoring performance—Accelerated aging test","authors":"Yuanqiang Cai , Haokang Ying , Jun Wang , Hongtao Fu , Zhiming Liu , Junfeng Ni , Ziyang Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107970","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107970","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geotechnical deformation monitoring is of great significance for characterizing and understanding the evolution law of geological hazards. In recent years, distributed Sensor-enabled piezoelectric geocable (SPGC) have shown great application potential due to their advantages of wide strain measurement, high sensitivity, and low cost. However, as a distributed monitoring method for the entire lifecycle, SPGC faces significant challenges in terms of durability and data stability. To this end, accelerated aging tests were performed on the SPGC, including acid–base corrosion, ultraviolet radiation, and thermal oxidation, to explore the mechanical and electrical properties of the SPGC. The test results show that the daily static normalized impedance continues to increase with increasing age and tends to be stable after reaching the threshold, showing an exponential function relationship. After aging, the physical and mechanical properties of the SPGC exhibit different degrees of loss, showing a rapid declining trend initially, which gradually becomes slow; the percentage loss is more than 80 %, which satisfies the requirements of more than 50 % of the standard. The impedance–strain curve, normalized impedance threshold, and characteristic point voltage changed the most in the first 14 d. Among these, thermal oxidation and ultraviolet radiation had the greatest influence on the SPGC monitoring performance. Considering the applications of SPGC in different monitoring environments and periods, a normalized impedance compensation model (initial 6 % strain) is proposed in this study considering the engineering geological environment and time. The maximum average error was 9.28 %. The research findings confirm the feasibility of applying SPGC for monitoring geotechnical deformations throughout the entire lifecycle of engineering projects. It highlights the importance of effective data calibration and processing during the monitoring process to improve both the accuracy of the measurements and the reliability of the results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"349 ","pages":"Article 107970"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rockfalls trajectography: 3D models predictive capability assessment and coefficients calibration using optimization-based processes

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107937

Fantin Raibaut , Olivier Ivanez , Cyril Douthe , Benjamin Barry

This paper presents a method for assessing the predictive capability of three-dimensional (3D) trajectographic simulation models by back-analysis of real rockfall events. Relying on the Optimal Transport theory, we measure the difference between observed and simulated rock stop points distributions with the Wasserstein distance: this metric can be seen as a measure of the mean distance between observed an simulated stop points. We use the Wasserstein distance as a cost function in a Black Box optimization algorithm to calibrate soil restitution and energy dissipation coefficients. We test our methodology with the RocPro3D software to simulate a man-triggered boulder detachment, for which the final position of fragmented rocks is known. The calibrated simulation parameters enabled a 25% decrease in the mean prediction error.

引用次数: 0

Non-local μ(I) rheology improves landslide deposition modeling in MLS-MPM simulations

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107963

Shuxi Zhao , Yang Liu , Gianvito Scaringi , Xinpo Li , Siming He , Gang He , Lei Zhu

Gaining insights into landslide deposits form can help achieve a better understanding of the overall landslide dynamics. Previous studies have focused on understanding global characteristics of the runout process and final deposit, without attempting to comprehend the deposition process and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we employed a combination of flume experiments and numerical simulations based on the material point method (MPM) to investigate the influence of friction on the characteristics of rock avalanche deposits and gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. MPM simulations have generally relied on simple soil constitutive models, which cannot capture the rate-, pressure-, and size-dependent characteristics of geomaterials. Thus, we adopted a viscoplastic non-local μ(I) rheology model, which has been proven to be able to reproduce depositional characteristics with high accuracy. We identified two stages during deposition, namely a translational stage, primarily influenced by the basal frictional resistance, and a subsequent impact shear stage, governed by the internal frictional resistance.

{"title":"Non-local μ(I) rheology improves landslide deposition modeling in MLS-MPM simulations","authors":"Shuxi Zhao , Yang Liu , Gianvito Scaringi , Xinpo Li , Siming He , Gang He , Lei Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaining insights into landslide deposits form can help achieve a better understanding of the overall landslide dynamics. Previous studies have focused on understanding global characteristics of the runout process and final deposit, without attempting to comprehend the deposition process and the underlying mechanisms. Here, we employed a combination of flume experiments and numerical simulations based on the material point method (MPM) to investigate the influence of friction on the characteristics of rock avalanche deposits and gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved. MPM simulations have generally relied on simple soil constitutive models, which cannot capture the rate-, pressure-, and size-dependent characteristics of geomaterials. Thus, we adopted a viscoplastic non-local μ(I) rheology model, which has been proven to be able to reproduce depositional characteristics with high accuracy. We identified two stages during deposition, namely a translational stage, primarily influenced by the basal frictional resistance, and a subsequent impact shear stage, governed by the internal frictional resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107963"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms driving pathway-opening migration of gas in marine clayey sediments

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107965

Si-Liu Wang , De-Qiong Kong , Jun-Hong Tan , Yuan Chen , Bin Zhu

The occurrence of hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments is prevalent worldwide. Their leakage into the atmosphere is recognized as a significant contributor to global warming. However, the mechanism by which these gases invade overlying sediments and the conditions under which gas presence in the seabed becomes unsustainable remain poorly understood. Here we present an analysis procedure that for the first time captures the entire process of initial gas invasion, cavity/bubble growth and upward rise in low-permeability marine sediment. Attention has been paid to the effect of water depth, sediment thickness and strength profile on gas migration patterns, in an attempt to derive thresholds of gas pressure necessary to facilitate initial invasion and gas quantity adequate for upward migration. Discussions are made in regard to gas migration-induced formation of submarine geological structures and the potential of hydrocarbon gas leakage. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms governing gas migration in marine environments and their broader implications for submarine geology.

{"title":"Mechanisms driving pathway-opening migration of gas in marine clayey sediments","authors":"Si-Liu Wang , De-Qiong Kong , Jun-Hong Tan , Yuan Chen , Bin Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of hydrocarbon gases in marine sediments is prevalent worldwide. Their leakage into the atmosphere is recognized as a significant contributor to global warming. However, the mechanism by which these gases invade overlying sediments and the conditions under which gas presence in the seabed becomes unsustainable remain poorly understood. Here we present an analysis procedure that for the first time captures the entire process of initial gas invasion, cavity/bubble growth and upward rise in low-permeability marine sediment. Attention has been paid to the effect of water depth, sediment thickness and strength profile on gas migration patterns, in an attempt to derive thresholds of gas pressure necessary to facilitate initial invasion and gas quantity adequate for upward migration. Discussions are made in regard to gas migration-induced formation of submarine geological structures and the potential of hydrocarbon gas leakage. These findings advance understanding of the mechanisms governing gas migration in marine environments and their broader implications for submarine geology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107965"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determining representative elementary volume for hydraulic conductivity of fractured rock masses: Comparative analytical and numerical studies

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107966

Tai-Sheng Liou , Jia-Jing Lin , Po-Kai Chen , En-Chao Yeh , Fu-Shu Jeng , Tai-Tien Wang

In rock engineering, hydraulic properties are typically estimated by investigating and analyzing the spatial distribution and mechanical characteristics of fractures, which is supplemented by a surface geological survey and limited in situ hydrogeological tests. However, these approaches face challenges owing to considerable scale effects in fracture distribution and geometric parameters, as well as variability in hydraulic test results across different scales. To address these issues, herein, we develop a method to reliably evaluate the representative hydraulic conductivity of in situ fractured rock masses through quantifying the impacts of influencing factors. Using the Heshe hydrogeological test site as a case study, the research extends the crack tensor theory and compares the findings with numerical analyses based on a discrete fracture network. Results indicate that a consistent representative elementary volume with a size of 16 m was identified for the Heshe well test site, despite the approach used. Additionally, this study highlights the notable impacts of aperture distribution on hydraulic conductivity evaluation, underscoring the importance of site-specific investigations and detailed analysis. Investigation scale considerably influences the variability of hydraulic conductivity, with a positive relation between fracture aperture and trace length that must be carefully considered for accurate assessments. Finally, a comprehensive field assessment method for hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses is proposed. The analytical approach allows for a rapid preliminary assessment of representative elementary volume; however, the precise modeling of hydraulic conductivity and seepage direction requires further hydrogeological tests. Meanwhile, the numerical approach, though more time consuming, provides detailed and proper assessments. Overall, the assessment methodology developed in this study offers a feasible and robust approach for hydrogeological investigations in engineering applications.

{"title":"Determining representative elementary volume for hydraulic conductivity of fractured rock masses: Comparative analytical and numerical studies","authors":"Tai-Sheng Liou , Jia-Jing Lin , Po-Kai Chen , En-Chao Yeh , Fu-Shu Jeng , Tai-Tien Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107966","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107966","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In rock engineering, hydraulic properties are typically estimated by investigating and analyzing the spatial distribution and mechanical characteristics of fractures, which is supplemented by a surface geological survey and limited in situ hydrogeological tests. However, these approaches face challenges owing to considerable scale effects in fracture distribution and geometric parameters, as well as variability in hydraulic test results across different scales. To address these issues, herein, we develop a method to reliably evaluate the representative hydraulic conductivity of in situ fractured rock masses through quantifying the impacts of influencing factors. Using the Heshe hydrogeological test site as a case study, the research extends the crack tensor theory and compares the findings with numerical analyses based on a discrete fracture network. Results indicate that a consistent representative elementary volume with a size of 16 m was identified for the Heshe well test site, despite the approach used. Additionally, this study highlights the notable impacts of aperture distribution on hydraulic conductivity evaluation, underscoring the importance of site-specific investigations and detailed analysis. Investigation scale considerably influences the variability of hydraulic conductivity, with a positive relation between fracture aperture and trace length that must be carefully considered for accurate assessments. Finally, a comprehensive field assessment method for hydraulic characteristics of fractured rock masses is proposed. The analytical approach allows for a rapid preliminary assessment of representative elementary volume; however, the precise modeling of hydraulic conductivity and seepage direction requires further hydrogeological tests. Meanwhile, the numerical approach, though more time consuming, provides detailed and proper assessments. Overall, the assessment methodology developed in this study offers a feasible and robust approach for hydrogeological investigations in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107966"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143418583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Using barometric response functions to estimate unconfined aquifer permeability changes caused by landslide: A case study in southwest China

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107950

Zixuan Qin , Jian Guo , Carlos H. Maldaner , Kenley Bairos , Qiang Xu , John A. Cherry , Beth L. Parker

The formation and deformation of landslides lead to continuous variations in the stress-strain state of surrounding rock masses, consequently triggering alterations in aquifer properties. Continuously measuring landslide permeability is challenging, particularly in assessing aquifer properties without human disturbance under natural landslide-induced loads. In this study, continuous measurements of water levels were recorded in a multi-level well within the Kualiangzi landslide area, along with onsite logging of barometric pressures. Barometric response functions were then utilized to estimate the vertical pneumatic diffusivity of the unsaturated zone and the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of the unconfined aquifer for different time periods during the landslide. Slug tests were also conducted to verify permeability changes in the aquifer. Results indicated that in both the unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer, permeability first increased and then decreased, ultimately doubling and rising 2.3 times, respectively, compared to initial values. The use of barometric response functions represents a novel approach for estimating permeability changes in landslide zones. Due to its cost-effectiveness and convenience, this method proves to be a favorable choice for detecting permeability changes in unconfined aquifers above the sliding surface. It contributes to providing further insights into landslide research.

{"title":"Using barometric response functions to estimate unconfined aquifer permeability changes caused by landslide: A case study in southwest China","authors":"Zixuan Qin , Jian Guo , Carlos H. Maldaner , Kenley Bairos , Qiang Xu , John A. Cherry , Beth L. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation and deformation of landslides lead to continuous variations in the stress-strain state of surrounding rock masses, consequently triggering alterations in aquifer properties. Continuously measuring landslide permeability is challenging, particularly in assessing aquifer properties without human disturbance under natural landslide-induced loads. In this study, continuous measurements of water levels were recorded in a multi-level well within the Kualiangzi landslide area, along with onsite logging of barometric pressures. Barometric response functions were then utilized to estimate the vertical pneumatic diffusivity of the unsaturated zone and the vertical hydraulic diffusivity of the unconfined aquifer for different time periods during the landslide. Slug tests were also conducted to verify permeability changes in the aquifer. Results indicated that in both the unsaturated zone and unconfined aquifer, permeability first increased and then decreased, ultimately doubling and rising 2.3 times, respectively, compared to initial values. The use of barometric response functions represents a novel approach for estimating permeability changes in landslide zones. Due to its cost-effectiveness and convenience, this method proves to be a favorable choice for detecting permeability changes in unconfined aquifers above the sliding surface. It contributes to providing further insights into landslide research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143403643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating the frost cracking mechanism and the related shallow alpine rockfall initiation process using three-dimensional FDEM

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107960

Lei Sun , Giovanni Grasselli , Quansheng Liu , Kareem R. Aboayanah , Shibing Huang , Xuhai Tang

Frost weathering plays a critical role in rockwall instability in alpine environments. This paper offers a new insight into the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism from the frost cracking perspective. A numerical framework based on the three-dimensional (3D) combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) is developed to simulate the cryogenic thermal-mechanical coupled processes in cold regions (e.g., water-ice phase change, ice-rock interaction, and frost cracking). Specifically, a new volume expansion model is introduced, allowing for explicit ice-rock interaction in pre-existing cracks while implicit frost heaving pressure in pores or newly generated cracks, to improve numerical efficiency and stability. This framework is validated against benchmark tests and further applied to explore the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Results suggest that the proposed method effectively simulates temperature field evolution and frost cracking process in cold regions. Frost crack initiation, propagation, and connection with pre-existing cracks, driven by ice-rock interaction in cold seasons, deteriorate structure stability and prepare/trigger shallow rockfall. This study enriches the shallow rockfall mechanism from fracture mechanics standpoint, which is essential for assessing, predicting, and mitigating rockfall activity, particularly in the context of global climate change.

{"title":"Investigating the frost cracking mechanism and the related shallow alpine rockfall initiation process using three-dimensional FDEM","authors":"Lei Sun , Giovanni Grasselli , Quansheng Liu , Kareem R. Aboayanah , Shibing Huang , Xuhai Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frost weathering plays a critical role in rockwall instability in alpine environments. This paper offers a new insight into the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism from the frost cracking perspective. A numerical framework based on the three-dimensional (3D) combined finite discrete element method (FDEM) is developed to simulate the cryogenic thermal-mechanical coupled processes in cold regions (e.g., water-ice phase change, ice-rock interaction, and frost cracking). Specifically, a new volume expansion model is introduced, allowing for explicit ice-rock interaction in pre-existing cracks while implicit frost heaving pressure in pores or newly generated cracks, to improve numerical efficiency and stability. This framework is validated against benchmark tests and further applied to explore the shallow alpine rockfall mechanism under repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Results suggest that the proposed method effectively simulates temperature field evolution and frost cracking process in cold regions. Frost crack initiation, propagation, and connection with pre-existing cracks, driven by ice-rock interaction in cold seasons, deteriorate structure stability and prepare/trigger shallow rockfall. This study enriches the shallow rockfall mechanism from fracture mechanics standpoint, which is essential for assessing, predicting, and mitigating rockfall activity, particularly in the context of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107960"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysis of non-darcian flow in single rock fractures after cyclic shear

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107958

Zihao Sun, Liangchao Zou

Fluid flow in rock fractures is significantly influenced by cyclic shear. This phenomenon arises due to seismic activity or repeated stress changes resulting from excavation, blasting, and operational loads. In this study, experiments are carried out to investigate non-Darcian flow in single rough fractures after cyclic shearing. The evolution of inertial and viscous permeability is analyzed, and a predictive model for non-Darcian flow is established. Cyclic shearing experiments are first conducted to examine shear characteristics and geometric variations, using four groups comprising 24 rough rock fractures. Subsequently, 360 non-Darcian flow experiments are performed to study the evolution of inertial and viscous permeability under cyclic shearing. It is observed that both types of permeability tend to decrease with an increasing number of shearing cycles. The most significant reduction occurs during the first cycle, followed by a slower decline that eventually stabilizes. A predictive model for non-Darcian flow is then developed, considering the geometry before shearing, rock properties, and cyclic shear characteristics. This model is validated against experimental data. Based on the proposed predictive model, a method for determining the critical number of shear cycles is also proposed. These findings contribute to understanding the evolution of non-Darcian flow in fractures subjected to seismic activity or repeated stress changes.

{"title":"Analysis of non-darcian flow in single rock fractures after cyclic shear","authors":"Zihao Sun, Liangchao Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid flow in rock fractures is significantly influenced by cyclic shear. This phenomenon arises due to seismic activity or repeated stress changes resulting from excavation, blasting, and operational loads. In this study, experiments are carried out to investigate non-Darcian flow in single rough fractures after cyclic shearing. The evolution of inertial and viscous permeability is analyzed, and a predictive model for non-Darcian flow is established. Cyclic shearing experiments are first conducted to examine shear characteristics and geometric variations, using four groups comprising 24 rough rock fractures. Subsequently, 360 non-Darcian flow experiments are performed to study the evolution of inertial and viscous permeability under cyclic shearing. It is observed that both types of permeability tend to decrease with an increasing number of shearing cycles. The most significant reduction occurs during the first cycle, followed by a slower decline that eventually stabilizes. A predictive model for non-Darcian flow is then developed, considering the geometry before shearing, rock properties, and cyclic shear characteristics. This model is validated against experimental data. Based on the proposed predictive model, a method for determining the critical number of shear cycles is also proposed. These findings contribute to understanding the evolution of non-Darcian flow in fractures subjected to seismic activity or repeated stress changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107958"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143376609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The long-term strength and creep behavior of fully saturated shaly Opalinus Clay

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107961

Lina Gotzen , Lisa Winhausen , Mohammadreza Jalali , Kavan Khaledi , Florian Amann

Long-term deformation in tunneling is typically associated with consolidation and creep, two time-dependent processes that may occur simultaneously and are superimposed. However, from tunnel convergence measurements these two processes cannot be distinguished. Thus, an accurate laboratory characterization of creep mechanisms under long-term in-situ conditions (i.e., fully saturated and drained) is required to improve numerical predictions for deep geological nuclear waste repositories. The laboratory study investigates the pure rheological creep behavior of shaly Opalinus Clay. After full re-saturation and consolidation of the specimens, a fully drained multi-stage creep test was performed. Time-dependent axial and radial deformations were monitored during creep stages of constant effective stress. The results show that the creep strain rates increase exponentially with increasing differential stress accompanied by a change in the dominant creep mechanism. Creep strain rates at low differential stresses up to 10 MPa are in the magnitudes of 10⁻¹¹ s⁻¹ and 10⁻¹⁰ s⁻¹, whereas creep rates in the magnitudes of 10⁻¹⁰ s⁻¹ and 10⁻⁹ s⁻¹ are observed at elevated differential stresses of more than 10 MPa, before initiation of tertiary creep, i.e., creep failure. Two thresholds for possible creep failure are presented, defining a stress-related long-term strength and a strain-related onset of tertiary creep.

{"title":"The long-term strength and creep behavior of fully saturated shaly Opalinus Clay","authors":"Lina Gotzen , Lisa Winhausen , Mohammadreza Jalali , Kavan Khaledi , Florian Amann","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term deformation in tunneling is typically associated with consolidation and creep, two time-dependent processes that may occur simultaneously and are superimposed. However, from tunnel convergence measurements these two processes cannot be distinguished. Thus, an accurate laboratory characterization of creep mechanisms under long-term in-situ conditions (i.e., fully saturated and drained) is required to improve numerical predictions for deep geological nuclear waste repositories. The laboratory study investigates the pure rheological creep behavior of shaly Opalinus Clay. After full re-saturation and consolidation of the specimens, a fully drained multi-stage creep test was performed. Time-dependent axial and radial deformations were monitored during creep stages of constant effective stress. The results show that the creep strain rates increase exponentially with increasing differential stress accompanied by a change in the dominant creep mechanism. Creep strain rates at low differential stresses up to 10 MPa are in the magnitudes of 10<sup>−11</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and 10<sup>−10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, whereas creep rates in the magnitudes of 10<sup>−10</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> and 10<sup>−9</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> are observed at elevated differential stresses of more than 10 MPa, before initiation of tertiary creep, i.e., creep failure. Two thresholds for possible creep failure are presented, defining a stress-related long-term strength and a strain-related onset of tertiary creep.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"348 ","pages":"Article 107961"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multi-temporal landslide inventory mapping after wildfire and implications for post-fire debris flow activity

IF 6.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2025-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.107948

Ruichen Zhou , Kun He , Xiewen Hu , Xichao Cao , Chuanjie Xi , Yonghao Zhou , Xueqiang Gong , Lin Deng

Severe wildfires can alter vegetation and soil-hydraulic properties, increasing the likelihood of debris flows and landslides during post-fire rainstorms. However, the long-term impacts of wildfire on debris flow activity and landslides remain insufficiently examined, primarily due to the absence of multi-temporal mapping inventories that document both phenomena in burned areas. Therefore, investigating the spatial and temporal evolution of post-fire debris flow activity, along with its dynamic interactions with landslides and other potential controlling factors, is essential for effective post-fire hazard prevention and mitigation. Based on multi-temporal field investigations and multi-source remote sensing data, systematic inventories of landslides and debris flows were developed to quantify the spatiotemporal changes in post-fire debris flow activity and landslide sediment supply capacity from 2020 to 2023 following the 28 March 2020 Xiangjiao Fire in Muli County, China. The results indicate that post-fire debris flow activity increased until the second rainy season after the wildfire, then gradually decayed, with dominant mechanisms shifting from runoff erosion to channel-bed and landslide erosion. In contrast, the occurrence of post-fire landslides exhibited a lagged peak, with the landslide sediment supply capacity steadily increasing over the four-year period following fire. Most landslides occurred on steep, south-facing slopes and were characterized by small, shallow failure processes. Additionally, this study examined the dynamic impacts of fire severity, topography, and landslide materials on post-fire debris flow activity. In the early stages, basins with steeper slopes and higher fire severity exhibited higher debris flow activity, primarily driven by runoff erosion processes and minimally influenced by landslide materials. Over time, a strong spatial and temporal correlation emerged between debris flow activity and variations in landslide sediment supply capacity, indicating that sediment supply became the dominant factor in later stages. Consequently, basins with high landslide sediment supply potential may experience prolonged debris flow activity beyond initial expectations.

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