Engineering Geology最新文献

{"title":"Machine learning approaches to predicting the uniaxial compressive strength of granite from image-derived mineralogical features","authors":"Changdi He ,&nbsp;Brijes Mishra ,&nbsp;Yuan Li ,&nbsp;Jessica Michelle Wempen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses machine learning (ML) models to predict the numerically simulated uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of granite directly from digital images. Specifically, the images were processed using an in-house Digital Image Processing (DIP) tool to estimate mineralogical features (used as input features for the ML models), including mineral content, grain size, and spatial distribution. Mineral content and distribution were quantified using <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>-harmonic Fourier series equations, whereas mineral grain size was determined using the 4-connectivity method. The target UCS values were derived from the 2D physically informed Subspring Network Breakable Voronoi (SNBV) microstructural models, replicating the mineralogical features observed in the granite images. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models with different input combinations and hyperparameter optimization methods were trained and evaluated on 126 granite images using a single train/test split and repeated 5-fold cross-validation. Results indicate that the input combination of mineral content, grain size, and spatial distribution parameters from <span><math><mi>m</mi></math></span>-harmonic Fourier series combined with SHapley Additive Explanations (SHAP)-based feature selection, yield the best and robust performance, whereas increasing the harmonic order has a limited effect on accuracy. Among the tested optimization methods, the Optuna–XGBoost model achieved the best performance. In addition, UCS prediction is controlled mainly by the content and grain size of biotite and plagioclase, while the corresponding attributes of quartz/K-feldspar, as well as overall mineral distribution play a comparatively minor role.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108571"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the benefits of nature-based solutions for debris-flow mitigation via synergistic eco-geotechnical measures","authors":"Songtang He ,&nbsp;Songyuan Zou ,&nbsp;Yuchao Qi ,&nbsp;Yong Li ,&nbsp;Zengli Pei ,&nbsp;Peng Zhao ,&nbsp;Daojie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on nature-based solutions (NbSs) for mitigating debris-flow hazards has increased interest in eco-geotechnical systems. Most studies focused on the efficiency of isolated mitigation measures, while the benefits and mechanisms of coordinated approaches remain unclear. Consequently, this study proposed a novel approach to mitigating debris-flow velocity, sediment transport, and energy by utilizing tree-shrub mixed-vegetation filter strips (T-SMVFS) along S-shaped flow paths combined with dams. The optimal design determination involved four steps: 1) optimal T-SMVFS row and stem spacings were determined; 2) S-shaped flow path parameters were set based on width ratios; 3) effects of synergistic and individual measures on debris-flow reduction were compared; and 4) <strong>a flow velocity reduction equation was constructed, considering the influence of topographic features, vegetation planting patterns, and debris flow properties.</strong> Results revealed that a completely covered T-SMVFS with row and stem spacings of 10 and 6 cm in 1/50th scale, respectively, exhibited the best reduction effects with 50% energy reduction, 55% sediment interception, and 53% flow discharge regulation. As the S-shaped flow path width increased, the flow reduction and sediment interception rates decreased sequentially while the transportation capacity increased. Synergistic measures achieved 60% and 70% in energy and sediment interception reductions, respectively, outperforming pure geotechnical and biological measures. Comparisons between different synergistic approaches indicated that a coupled S-shaped vegetation filter strip with a 45% flow path proportion and a beam dam was more effective in reducing debris flow. These findings provide a reference for subsequent optimal mitigation solutions involving NbSs that integrate synergistic eco-geotechnical measures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108547"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An implicit feature learning approach for automatic digital twinning of three-dimensional subsurface stratigraphy from limited boreholes","authors":"Zehang Qian,&nbsp;Chao Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital twinning of underground space is a transformative paradigm for life-cycle risk assessment, management, and operation of geotechnical infrastructure. A prerequisite for this transformation is the automated construction of subsurface geological domains from sparse borehole data with quantified stratigraphic uncertainty. However, most three-dimensional (3D) stratigraphic modelling methods are categorical variable (CaV)-based models and primarily rely on site-specific prior geological knowledge or calibration of geological settings to replicate intricate 3D spatial features. This inevitably involves significant computational burdens and frequent human intervention, which impede real-time data transmission and model updating. In this study, a continuous variable (CoV)-based 3D stratigraphic modelling method leveraging multiple Signed Distance Functions (MSDFs) and Bayesian Compressive Sensing (BCS) is proposed to address these challenges. MSDFs and a spatial partitioning technique are introduced to accelerate the transformation of borehole CaVs into CoVs before leveraging BCS for spatial interpolation of CoVs. Subsequently, random field samples of predicted CoVs are transformed back into the most probable geological domain with quantified uncertainty. The proposed implicit method is applied to both synthesized stratigraphy and real Nan-Chang Urban Rail project. Results demonstrate MSDF-BCS-3D excels in reconstructing 3D stratigraphy, comprising multiple interlayers and folded stratification, with uncertainty quantification in a non-parametric and near real-time manner.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108568"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146001416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple TDR waveform analysis for estimating volumetric water content in marine clays","authors":"Won-Taek Hong ,&nbsp;Eun Sang Lee ,&nbsp;Hyojung Ko ,&nbsp;Wooseok Choi ,&nbsp;Hyunwook Choo","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In electrically conductive media such as marine clays, the strong attenuation of electromagnetic (EM) wave energy significantly complicates the determination of travel time, limiting the applicability of traditional time domain reflectometry (TDR) methods for estimating volumetric water content. This study presents an alternative approach that utilizes characteristic voltages in TDR waveforms—specifically, the normalized voltage ratio (<em>V</em>_<em>f</em>/<em>V</em>_<em>0</em>)—to estimate the volumetric water content (<em>θ</em>_<em>v</em>) and electrical conductivity of marine clays; this approach can be applied even when travel time cannot be determined. Laboratory experiments were conducted on kaolin and bentonite clays with <em>θ</em>_<em>v</em> between 26.9 and 86.8%, saturated with a 0.5 M NaCl solution. The results show that, for both clay types, <em>V</em>_<em>f</em>/<em>V</em>_<em>0</em> was highly sensitive to changes in <em>θ</em>_<em>v</em> and strongly correlated with bulk electrical conductivity, regardless of their mineralogical differences. Empirical relationships were developed to estimate <em>θ</em>_<em>v</em> for each clay, and a generalized model applicable to tested clays with <em>θ</em>_<em>v</em> &gt; 50% was proposed, achieving a mean absolute percentage error of 2.5%. This study demonstrates that waveform-based analysis using characteristic voltages can serve as a reliable alternative to traditional travel time-based TDR techniques, thereby expanding the applicability of TDR in highly conductive saline environments such as marine clays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108567"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of processing technique on the agreement of site fundamental frequency (f0) from earthquake and microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio","authors":"Makbule Ilgac ,&nbsp;Joseph P. Vantassel ,&nbsp;Adda Athanasopoulos-Zekkos","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leveraging a database of earthquake recordings and microtremor measurements collected at seismic stations in California, this research explores the influence of processing decisions on the site fundamental frequency (f₀) obtained from the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) of earthquakes (eHVSR). The study systematically evaluates different approaches for processing eHVSR, including considering signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to determine usable frequency range, the use of the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) or pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA), and the impact of using the full earthquake record or selecting the S-wave portion. The SESAME clearness and reliability checks on eHVSR reveal that an SNR-based frequency range outperforms a total frequency range, and FAS outperforms PSA. Across different eHVSR, f₀ was determined to be consistent with microtremor HVSR (mHVSR) (Pearson correlation coefficient, <em>r</em> &gt; 0.95) while revealing strong differences in amplitude (r ≈ 0.01–0.7), with 30–40% of the mHVSR-eHVSR pairs disagreeing regarding the occurrence of peaks and resultant median curves being flat. However, when peaks are identified, f₀ from various eHVSR matches with mHVSR (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.90), but their amplitudes do not (<em>r</em> &lt; 0.6). eHVSR using the S-wave window resulted in clearer peaks, while the full earthquake records slightly outperformed using the S-wave window in matching f₀ with mHVSR (<em>r</em> = 0.92 &gt; <em>r</em> = 0.89). Lastly, while selecting the S-wave window manually versus automatically using existing machine-learning algorithms, they occasionally did not identify identical portions of the earthquake recordings; however, both methods produced very similar eHVSR. Therefore, while additional study is necessary to understand the source of these differences, existing machine algorithms for S-wave selection show promise for use as part of eHVSR processing. Hence, the FAS method employing the manually picked S-wave window and/or full earthquake, along with the calculation of SNR-based frequency range, may be favored for determining f₀ from eHVSR curves. The source of inconsistency between mHVSR and eHVSR should be further investigated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108573"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil characterization through shear wave velocity analysis of Lucknow city in the Indo-Gangetic plain of India","authors":"P. Sivasankar ,&nbsp;K. Satish Kumar ,&nbsp;K. Swapna Sri ,&nbsp;P. Pavan Kishore ,&nbsp;G.S. Srinivas ,&nbsp;P. Shiva Shankar ,&nbsp;Anand K. Pandey ,&nbsp;D. Srinagesh ,&nbsp;T. Seshunarayana","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shear wave velocity (Vs) of a medium depends on shear modulus, an essential parameter in geotechnical engineering applications that helps understand soil deformation under dynamic loading during earthquake shaking. We carried out Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) surveys to characterise geotechnical parameters of the shallow subsurface soil in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, a fast-growing urban city on the banks of Gomati and Sai rivers in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), and lies to the south of the central seismic gap region in the Himalayan collision zone. The V_S profiles are acquired at 191 locations across the Lucknow region, exploring up to ∼50 m depth in the thick alluvial soil. The analysis of 1D, 2D, and 3D shear wave velocity profiles suggests (i) average shear wave velocities (Vs³⁰) vary from 226 m/s to 480 m/s throughout the study region. (ii) Long-range swapped 2D cross-sectional profiles reflect the geometry of the Gomati and Sai rivers up to a depth of 50 m. (iii) Very low V_S values are observed along the Gomati and Sai river banks. (iv) Most of the soil in the study area is stiff soil of class C, accordingly to the Eurocode 8 classification, with stiffness varying from ∼100 KPa to 400 KPa. (v) The estimated soil predominant frequencies, amplifications, and Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) vary from 1.9 Hz – 4.0 Hz, 1.4–3.7, and 0.04 g to 0.09 g, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108548"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the architecture of complex karst conduit networks in mountainous tunneling areas and its implications for water inrush risk using aquitard-constrained multi-source data","authors":"Xulei Guo ,&nbsp;Yifan Chen ,&nbsp;Jingwen Li ,&nbsp;Mingming Luo ,&nbsp;Junyi Yang ,&nbsp;Benxin Jiang ,&nbsp;Jingyi Xu ,&nbsp;Yufei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiaqi You ,&nbsp;Tiantong Zhou ,&nbsp;Ye Kuang ,&nbsp;Hong Zhou ,&nbsp;Yanxin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water inrush is a common hazard in karst tunnels. Owing to the strong heterogeneity of subsurface media, accurately resolving the three-dimensional geometry of karst conduits and their spatial relationships with tunnel alignments remains challenging. Using the Badong Tunnel in central China as a case study, this research develops an aquitard-constrained, multi-source characterization framework that integrates geological survey, drilling, geophysical profiling, hydrodynamic monitoring, and tracer tests. This framework delineates the three-dimensional conduit architecture of the Wuyuandong (WYD) karst system and supports the development of a refined conceptual hydrogeological model. Results show that the WYD system is mainly hosted in Lower Triassic carbonate aquifers, with a maximum flood discharge of 34 m³/s. A thin laminated aquitard at the base of the second member of the Jialingjiang Formation controls conduit development depth and supports a modern subterranean river composed of three near-E–W conduits. The southern conduit, influenced by fault–syncline superposition, exhibits the highest tracer velocity (160 m/h), whereas karstification in the underlying Daye Formation is markedly weaker due to limited modern recharge. Conduit morphology is jointly governed by lithology, aquitard geometry, folding, and fault-guided flow. All tunnel alignments intersect the saturated zone, and eastern routes show smaller vertical separation from major conduits, implying higher inrush risk. Although A14 is comparatively favorable, the west-shifted D1 alignment lies beneath the aquitard when crossing the F3 Fault, resulting in reduced hydraulic connectivity and substantially lower inrush hazards. The proposed method greatly enhances conduit detection and supports hydrogeological investigation and risk mitigation in karst tunnels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108572"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting permissible soil stress from soil resistivities and physical parameters: case study of soils in Fokoué Urban Center, West-Cameroon","authors":"Teikeu Ngueveu Eric Donald,&nbsp;Kenfack Jean Victor,&nbsp;Njanko Théophile,&nbsp;Suffeu Talla Thiery Blondel,&nbsp;Tchomtchoua Tagne Stéphane","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2025.108537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil assessment prior to construction is essential to ensure the durability and safety of structures. However, the geotechnical tests required to ensure soil stability are limited by certain factors, such as the spatial variability of soil properties and sporadic nature of data. This study aims to develop a multi-criteria equation model to predict the mechanical behavior of soils in the Fokoué subdivision using physical and geo-electrical parameters. The methods employed include electrical soundings, dynamic penetrometer soundings, and soil identification tests.A total of 92 vertical electrical soundings and dynamic penetrometer tests were carried out to assess the geoelectric and mechanical properties of the soil, and 30 samples were taken to identify the nature of the soil in situ. The soil layer of interest is the sub-layer beneath the arable topsoil, which varies in depth between 0.2 m and 2 m. For this section of soil, the true electrical resistivities obtained after 1D inversion vary between 180.68 and 383,105 Ω m, with an average of 15,696.68 Ω m. Mechanically, the permissible stresses for this layer range between 0.09 and 5.50 bar, with an average of 1.32 bar. Principal Component Analysis of the parameters revealed relationships between physico-mechanical properties and electrical resistivities, with correlation coefficients (rs) greater than 0.50 for some parameters and less than 0.50 for others. A multiple regression analysis was performed to establish the predictive equation model, using parameters with a strong correlation with electrical resistivity (rs &gt; 0.80 and R² &gt; 0.70). The key parameters include water content (ω), permissible stress (σ), porosity (n), and fine particle percentage F80μm, with respective correlation coefficients of 0.91, 0.88, 0.90, and 0.87. The resulting model is:</div><div><span><math><msub><mi>σ</mi><mtext>perm</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.7495</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>0.00047355</mn><mi>ρ</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>0.01992502</mn><mi>ω</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>0.00047149</mn><mi>F</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>3.21765361</mn><mi>n</mi></math></span>. This multi-parametric model, with r_M = 0.91, enables the estimation of permissible soil stress with an average absolute error of 0.23 bar. The validation criteria confirm the model's reliability for predicting permissible stress, crucial for designing shallow foundation structures in Fokoué soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108537"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excess pore water pressure generation of saturated uncemented coral sands under non-proportional loading","authors":"Liguo Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Bai ,&nbsp;Bingbing Jing ,&nbsp;Kai Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaojun Li ,&nbsp;Guoxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Modeling the cyclic behavior of saturated coral sand under non-proportional loading condition is still an challenging task in practice, due to the fabric anisotropy of coral sands. This paper presents an experimental studies on the drained shear-volume coupling behavior of saturated coral sand under wave-induced non-proportional loading. Through an automated hollow cylinder apparatus, the wave-induced stress path is inherent non-proportional characterized by simultaneous variations in magnitudes and directions of the principal stress. The results indicate that the drained shear-volume coupling behavior of coral sand is highly dependent on the imposed stress paths. A remarkable finding is that by defining equivalent cyclic stress ratio (ESR) as a new proxy, a unique shear-volume coupling equation can be established for the various stress paths studied. An explicit relationship is then proposed and implemented into Biot's equation as the source term for residual excess pore water pressure (EPWP) generation within an explicit time-matching finite difference platform. The proposed model is validated against the comparative undrained liquefaction test on saturated coral sand and siliceous Ottawa sand in the laboratory, as well as the data of siliceous fine sands in previous work. Finally, the potential of the proposed modeling framework is highlighted to capture the key mechanisms of wave-induced liquefaction of coral sand seabed through numerical examples. The proposed shear-volume coupling equation provides new insights into the physics of seabed liquefaction of coral sand under wave-induced non-proportional loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108569"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145995723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion processes in dry granular rock-ice avalanches with varying ice content: Insights from flume experiments","authors":"Liyang Jiang,&nbsp;Xuanmei Fan,&nbsp;Junhan Du,&nbsp;Yu Deng,&nbsp;Zeyuan Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rock-ice avalanches in cold regions exhibit formidable erosive power, posing severe threats to nearby communities and infrastructure. Yet, the role of ice content in erosion remains poorly understood largely due to the limited field and experimental data. Here, we present a series of temperature-controlled flume experiments to systematically investigate erosion dynamics in dry granular rock-ice mixtures of varying ice contents (0–100%). Through high-speed flow visualization of a specially designed erosion column, we record the full spatiotemporal progression of the erosion profiles. Further analysis identifies two coexisting erosion mechanisms: basal abrasion and impact erosion. Basal abrasion is produced by sustained shearing along the bed, whereas impact erosion arises from high-velocity particle collisions with the bed. Their respective contributions are also quantified. Notably, impact erosion shows a stronger correlation with erosion capacity than basal abrasion and contributes more to total erosion under high-mobility conditions. A dimensionless parameter <em>R</em>_<em>E</em> = <em>E</em>_<em>i</em>/<em>E</em>_<em>a</em> is introduced to quantify the intensity of the impact erosion rate <em>E</em>_<em>i</em> relative to the basal abrasion rate <em>E</em>_<em>a</em>. <em>R</em>_<em>E</em> first increases and then decreases with ice content, peaking at intermediate values. These findings advance the quantitative understanding of basal abrasion and impact erosion in rock-ice avalanches under dry granular conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"363 ","pages":"Article 108566"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}