Engineering Geology最新文献_第4页

Symbolic regression-based prediction of coefficient of permeability for granular soils 基于符号回归的颗粒土渗透系数预测

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108593

Yerim Yang , Hangseok Choi , Younseo Kim , Kibeom Kwon

Predicting the coefficient of permeability in granular soils is critical for effective groundwater flow analysis. However, existing predictive models are often constrained by limited datasets and a lack of interpretable formulations. This study developed a predictive formula for the coefficient of permeability in saturated granular soils using symbolic regression applied to a large-scale global database (CG/KSAT/7/1278) comprising 1278 samples. Exploratory data analysis identified both individual and combined effects of grain size and volumetric state parameters on soil permeability, guiding the selection of key predictors. Symbolic regression systematically explored functional forms and optimized coefficients, resulting in a closed-form expression based solely on grain size parameters. Compared with ten existing models, the proposed formula achieved superior predictive performance, including the lowest mean absolute error of 0.419. Its predictive stability was further demonstrated by minimal and balanced over- and under-predictions across the entire permeability range. External validation using an independent dataset and laboratory permeability tests confirmed its generalizability. In conclusion, this study presents a generalized and interpretable formula that advances the understanding of flow behavior and improves practical permeability estimation in granular soils.

预测颗粒土的渗透系数是有效分析地下水流的关键。然而，现有的预测模型往往受到有限的数据集和缺乏可解释的公式的限制。本研究将符号回归应用于包含1278个样本的大型全球数据库（CG/KSAT/7/1278），建立了饱和颗粒土渗透系数的预测公式。探索性数据分析确定了粒度和体积状态参数对土壤渗透性的单独和联合影响，指导了关键预测因子的选择。符号回归系统地探索了函数形式，优化了系数，得到了一个仅基于粒度参数的封闭式表达式。与已有的10个模型相比，本文提出的模型具有较好的预测性能，其中平均绝对误差最低，为0.419。在整个渗透率范围内，其预测的稳定性进一步得到了最小和平衡的高估和低估。使用独立数据集和实验室渗透率测试的外部验证证实了其普遍性。总之，本研究提出了一个广义和可解释的公式，促进了对颗粒土流动特性的理解，并改善了实际渗透率估算。

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引用次数: 0

A unified van Genuchten-type water retention model for compacted bentonite 压实膨润土的统一van genuchten型保水性模型

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108590

Jinwoo Kim , Minseop Kim , Seok Yoon , Jin-Seop Kim

Water retention behavior of bentonite is essential for the analysis of engineered barrier systems in deep geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste. Despite being a popular choice, the van Genuchten model requires labor-intensive calibration for each material and dry density condition and cannot propagate engineering-scale uncertainties from in-situ buffer evolution and mineralogical heterogeneity. This study proposes a unified van Genuchten-type model in which the fitting parameters are expressed as empirical functions of effective water retention density (EWRD). EWRD, defined as effective montmorillonite dry density normalized by specific surface area, incorporates the combined effects of dry density, montmorillonite content, and microstructure within a single porosity framework. A comprehensive set of over 200 confined wetting data points for seven Na- and Ca-type bentonites revealed that the van Genuchten parameters

α

and

n

collapse onto unique trends when plotted against EWRD, confirming its dominant control on water retention. For validation, the predictive ability of the unified model for dry density variation was first tested by successfully reproducing the unconfined wetting of FEBEX bentonite, after a simple correction of bias calculated from initial test conditions. Second, additional data were generated for two batches of Bentonil-WRK differing in montmorillonite content by ∼10% for cross-validation. Excellent agreement between model prediction and experiments was observed, demonstrating reliable extrapolation across mineralogical heterogeneity. By preserving the form of the classical van Genuchten model, the proposed approach can be readily implemented in existing hydro-mechanical codes, providing informed estimates of water retention curves across various buffer designs and operation scenarios.

膨润土的保水特性对高放废物深地质处置库工程屏障系统的分析至关重要。尽管van Genuchten模型是一种受欢迎的选择，但它需要对每种材料和干密度条件进行大量校准，并且无法传播来自原位缓冲演化和矿物非均质性的工程尺度不确定性。本文提出了一个统一的van genuchten型模型，其中拟合参数表示为有效持水密度（EWRD）的经验函数。EWRD被定义为通过比表面积归一化的有效蒙脱土干密度，它综合了干密度、蒙脱土含量和单一孔隙结构框架内微观结构的影响。对7种Na型和ca型膨润土的200多个限制润湿数据点的综合分析表明，当与EWRD进行比较时，van Genuchten参数α和n呈现出独特的趋势，证实了其对保水的主要控制。为了验证统一模型对干密度变化的预测能力，首先通过成功重现FEBEX膨润土的无侧限润湿，在对初始测试条件计算的偏差进行简单校正后，测试了统一模型对干密度变化的预测能力。其次，生成了两批膨润土- wrk的额外数据，蒙脱土含量相差约10%，用于交叉验证。模型预测和实验结果非常吻合，证明了可靠的矿物非均质性外推。通过保留经典van Genuchten模型的形式，所提出的方法可以很容易地在现有的水力力学规范中实施，提供各种缓冲设计和操作场景下的水保持曲线的明智估计。

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引用次数: 0

Engineering geological classification of gravelly deposits based on enhanced CPT 基于增强CPT的砾石矿床工程地质分类

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108588

Yu-xiao Wang , Guang-yin Du , Tao Ma , Yong-min Xiong , Yu Xiao

Gravelly soils extensively developed in Quaternary deposits challenges for engineering geological investigations due to strong heterogeneity, leading to discontinuous profiling, stratigraphic misinterpretation, and greater investigation cost and longer duration. In such cases, conventional cone penetration testing (CPT), although effective in fine-grained soils, is inapplicable to gravelly deposits because of equipment limitations. To overcome the limitations, an enhanced CPT system was proposed and applied to achieve efficient penetration and high-resolution subsurface profiling in coarse deposits. Field investigations were then conducted using this system, and the acquired data, validated against borehole data, were analyzed to develop an engineering classification framework for gravelly soils based on CPT-derived indices. Results show that conventional CPT-based approaches have difficulty distinguishing gravelly soils from fine- or sand-dominated soils, whereas incorporating cone resistance, friction ratio, and their fluctuation characteristics enables clear discrimination. Based on response patterns of CPT, three engineering-relevant gravelly soil can be further classified into three types: gravel-rich, sand-interbedded, and fine-interlayered. This work fills a critical gap in CPT-based investigation of gravelly soils, offering an effective approach that improves the efficiency and accuracy of engineering geological investigation in gravelly strata.

在第四纪沉积物中广泛发育的砾石土，由于其较强的非均质性，给工程地质调查带来了挑战，导致剖面不连续、地层误读、调查成本高、耗时长。在这种情况下，传统的锥体穿透测试（CPT）虽然在细粒土壤中有效，但由于设备的限制，不适用于砾石沉积物。为了克服这些限制，研究人员提出了一种增强型CPT系统，并将其应用于粗糙矿床的高效穿透和高分辨率地下剖面分析。然后使用该系统进行现场调查，并对获取的数据进行分析，以cpt衍生指数为基础，建立砂质土的工程分类框架。结果表明，传统的基于cpt的方法难以区分砂砾质土壤和细砂质土壤，而结合锥体阻力、摩擦比及其波动特征可以明确区分。基于CPT的响应模式，可将3种工程相关砂质土进一步划分为富砾石、砂互层和细夹层3种类型。该工作填补了基于cpt的砂质土工程地质调查的关键空白，为提高砂质地层工程地质调查的效率和准确性提供了有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Field and numerical investigations of canal damage characteristics and mechanisms under coupled drying-wetting and freezing-thawing cycles 干湿-冻融耦合循环条件下渠系损伤特征及机理的现场与数值研究

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108587

Haoyuan Jiang , Mingyi Zhang , Zhengzhong Wang , Wansheng Pei , Jianrui Ge , Zhengyi Wang

Canals are essential for water transfer in cold and arid regions. However, they are vulnerable to damage under drying-wetting and freezing-thawing cycles, with wetting during freezing–thawing periods significantly intensifying frost damage. Yet, the underlying mechanisms involving heat-water-deformation interactions remain insufficiently quantified. This study employs field monitoring to investigate temperature, water content, and deformation behaviors in canals. Then, a coupled water-heat numerical model incorporating seepage effects was developed and applied to analyze how leakage increases soil moisture and exacerbates frost damage. Results show that canal temperatures are controlled by water temperature and leakage during water supply, and by air temperature and solar radiation during water cut-off, with freeze–thaw transitions further modulating thermal behavior. Shady slopes freeze more readily, whereas sunny slopes experience greater evaporative loss. Spring irrigation sharply lowers the 0 °C isotherm below water level, triggering peak frost heave at its onset, followed by rapid thawing. Frost heave is lowest on sunny slopes and greatest at mid-shady slopes, with maximum differences exceeding sixfold. After thawing, minor slippage occurs on shady slopes, while sunny slopes remain stable. Canal frost damage is driven by elevated soil water from leakage and winter irrigation, as well as sharp thermal imbalances induced by spring irrigation and solar radiation disparities between slopes. Preserving the integrity of anti-seepage systems proves more effective in mitigating frost damage than early termination of winter irrigation. This study provides the first integrated field-based and modeling evidence on frost damage mechanisms in cold-arid canals, establishing a scientific foundation for mitigation strategies.

在寒冷和干旱地区，运河是输水的必要条件。而冻融循环和干湿循环对冻害的影响较大，冻融期间的润湿作用显著加剧了冻害。然而，涉及热-水-变形相互作用的潜在机制仍然没有充分量化。本研究采用现场监测的方法来调查水渠的温度、含水量和变形行为。在此基础上，建立了考虑渗流效应的水-热耦合数值模型，并应用该模型分析了渗漏对土壤水分增加和霜害加剧的影响。结果表明，供水期间的水温和渗漏以及断水期间的气温和太阳辐射控制着运河的温度，冻融转变进一步调节了运河的热行为。阴坡更容易冻结，而阳坡蒸发损失更大。春灌急剧降低0 °C以下的等温线，在开始时触发霜胀峰值，随后迅速融化。霜胀在阳坡上最小，在中阴坡上最大，最大差异超过6倍。解冻后，背阴坡发生轻微滑移，而阳坡保持稳定。渗漏和冬季灌溉导致的土壤水分升高，以及春灌和坡间太阳辐射差异导致的急剧热不平衡，都是运河冻害的驱动因素。保持防渗系统的完整性比提前终止冬季灌溉更有效地减轻霜冻损害。该研究首次提供了基于现场和模型的寒旱区水渠冻害机制的综合证据，为减灾策略奠定了科学基础。

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引用次数: 0

A simplified approach to analyzing the safety of earthquake-triggered landslides 地震引发滑坡安全性分析的简化方法

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108575

Fumin Wang , Alberto Ledesma , Francisco López-Almansa

The sliding of slopes caused by earthquakes is a critical issue, resulting in significant losses and casualties worldwide. This paper presents a simplified analytical formulation for evaluating the safety factor; the approach is essentially coupled, as it incorporates the flexibility of the sliding block. Several issues are considered: soil slope, ground motion direction (horizontal and parallel to the slope), and presence of underground water; however, the transient response and damping are neglected. A Factor of Safety is defined, and closed-form expressions are derived; as well, expressions for the yield accelerations are presented and compared with the Newmark one. Numerical results obtained with the proposed approach provide conclusions that explain some differences between coupled analysis and the traditional uncoupled Newmark method. Finally, validation with experiments, numerical analyses, and actual sliding of slopes demonstrates that the proposed methodology is reliable.

地震引起的斜坡滑动是一个严重的问题，在世界范围内造成巨大的损失和人员伤亡。本文提出了安全系数的简化分析公式；这种方法本质上是耦合的，因为它结合了滑块的灵活性。考虑了几个问题：土壤坡度，地面运动方向（水平和平行于斜坡），以及地下水的存在；然而，暂态响应和阻尼被忽略。定义了安全系数，导出了安全系数的封闭表达式；给出了屈服加速度的表达式，并与Newmark模型进行了比较。用该方法得到的数值结果解释了耦合分析与传统非耦合Newmark方法之间的一些差异。最后，通过实验、数值分析和边坡实际滑动验证了该方法的可靠性。

引用次数: 0

Landslide displacement prediction based on deep displacement state recognition and similarity propagation 基于深度位移状态识别和相似传播的滑坡位移预测

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108570

Hanming Zhang, Xiangchen Guo, Kang Liu, Qingsong Liu, Jianhao Xiao, Yu Ke, Yong Liu

Current landslide forecasting is constrained by an over-reliance on surface kinematics, often failing to capture the hidden, non-linear state transitions occurring at depth. To address this, we propose a Trend–State Coupled Framework that shifts the framework from purely externally driven to state-dependent prediction. A trend submodel maps hydrometeorological triggers to displacement baselines, while a state submodel explicitly characterizes internal sensitivity using Non-parametric Bispectral Analysis. Unlike conventional time-frequency methods, this indicates nonlinear phase couplings associated with incipient instability, which are then classified into evolutionary states by a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). To enhance spatial generalizability, a Slope Cell Matrix is constructed to integrate excitation–state–response information, enabling the cross-site propagation of state variables via a particle-swarm-optimized similarity metric. Validation at the Baishuihe landslide (Three Gorges Reservoir) demonstrates that the coupled model achieves an RMSE of 7.22 mm, significantly outperforming traditional BP (68.06 mm) and SVR (63.81 mm) models. Crucially, the deep-displacement state indicators exhibit a distinct precursory surge ahead of surface acceleration episodes, confirming the framework's capability to capture early failure mechanisms. This study provides a reliable, physically interpretable approach for landslide early warning by linking external drivers with deep-seated evolutionary dynamics.

目前的滑坡预测受到过度依赖地表运动学的限制，往往无法捕捉到发生在深度的隐藏的非线性状态转换。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了一个趋势-状态耦合框架，将框架从纯粹的外部驱动转变为依赖于状态的预测。趋势子模型将水文气象触发器映射到位移基线，而状态子模型则使用非参数双谱分析明确表征内部敏感性。与传统的时频方法不同，这表明与早期不稳定性相关的非线性相位耦合，然后通过卷积神经网络（CNN）将其分类为进化状态。为了增强空间泛化能力，构建了一个斜率细胞矩阵来整合激励-状态-响应信息，通过粒子群优化的相似性度量实现状态变量的跨站点传播。在白水河滑坡（三峡库区）的验证表明，该耦合模型的RMSE为7.22 mm，显著优于传统的BP模型（68.06 mm）和SVR模型（63.81 mm）。至关重要的是，深层位移状态指标在地表加速度发作之前表现出明显的前兆波动，这证实了该框架能够捕捉早期失效机制。该研究通过将外部驱动因素与深层演化动力学联系起来，为滑坡预警提供了一种可靠的物理解释方法。

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引用次数: 0

An innovative transform mapping and visualization of fracture persistence from borehole-group image analysis: MFPbia 基于井眼群图像分析的裂缝持续性创新变换映射与可视化：MFPbia

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108583

Zhenhao Xu , Yihui Li , Dongdong Pan , Shengzhe Zhao

Fracture persistence is a key parameter for evaluating the geological stability in unexcavated underground sections. It governs potential slurry migration pathways and strongly affects the overall efficiency of grouting. We propose an automated workflow for mapping fracture persistence. First, fracture plane attributes—dip azimuth, dip angle, spatial location, and dispersion—are digitally quantified from borehole data to construct a standardized database. Large-scale fracture occurrences are extracted using these persistence criteria. This provides crucial data on the maximum chord length of the fracture and the corresponding convex polygonal area. Furthermore, intelligent algorithms for persistence judgment and feature extraction are developed, enabling efficient analysis of borehole-induced fractures in tunnels. Numerical simulations spanning diverse borehole and fracture configurations confirm feasibility and demonstrate utility for 3-D visualization and fracture modeling. Additionally, the proposed method has been successfully applied in an oil depot project. This showcases its ability to swiftly and accurately determine the persistence of multiple fracture surfaces. The large-scale fracture information derived from this method offers valuable insights for ensuring the safety of tunnel construction.

裂缝持续性是评价地下未开挖段地质稳定性的关键参数。它控制着潜在的浆液迁移路径，强烈影响注浆的整体效率。我们提出了一种自动绘制裂缝持续性的工作流程。首先，从井眼数据中对裂缝平面属性（倾角、倾角、空间位置和分散度）进行数字化量化，构建标准化数据库。使用这些持续性标准提取大规模裂缝发生。这为骨折的最大弦长和相应的凸多边形面积提供了关键数据。此外，还开发了用于持续性判断和特征提取的智能算法，实现了对隧道井眼裂缝的有效分析。跨越不同井眼和裂缝配置的数值模拟证实了三维可视化和裂缝建模的可行性和实用性。该方法已成功应用于某油库工程。这显示了它能够快速准确地确定多个裂缝表面的持久性。该方法获得的大尺度裂缝信息为确保隧道施工安全提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Lithology dependent pathways of forming rock mass weakness plane shape regional landslide susceptibility 岩体软弱面形成的岩性依赖路径决定了区域滑坡易感性

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108586

Yifan Zhang , Zhenni Jiang , Chunhao Wu , Peng Cui , Weilin Kong , Yusheng Li , Shujian Yi

Rock mass weakness planes are mechanically unfavored discontinuities that control slope stability. However, their spatial pattern is poorly understood, limiting advances in regional landslide assessment. In this study, we propose a multi-explainable machine learning framework to predict the distribution of weakness planes and quantify their contribution to landslides. Focusing on southeastern Tibet, the study investigates 194 field outcrops of rock mass weakness planes, integrating geological section comparisons and driving factor analyses to reveal spatial heterogeneity and the evolvement of weakness plane. Rock mass weakness planes are denser in lithologically weak and structurally damaged rock masses, and less developed in gentler, sparsely faulted terrains. Comparative analysis of geological sections indicates that pre-existing discontinuities are essential preconditions for developing weakness planes, whereas precipitation acts as an activator. The controlling factors vary with lithology, indicating that material and structure govern how efficiently exogenic processes transform discontinuities into weakness planes. By considering weakness plane during susceptibility assessment, performances were improved (Recall increased by 4.6–6.8%, AUC increased by 3.1–5.6%). This work constructs the regional-scale model for continuous prediction of rock mass weakness planes. It links lithology-dependent formation mechanisms of rock mass weakness plane to slope instability, providing a process-based framework for interpreting landslide development and improving landslide susceptibility assessment.

岩体软弱面是控制边坡稳定性的机械上不利的不连续面。然而，人们对其空间格局了解甚少，限制了区域滑坡评价的进展。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个多可解释的机器学习框架来预测软弱面的分布并量化它们对滑坡的贡献。以藏东南地区为研究对象，对194个野外露头岩体软弱面进行了调查，结合地质剖面对比和驱动因素分析，揭示了岩体软弱面的空间异质性和演化规律。在岩性薄弱和构造破坏的岩体中，岩体软弱面密度较大，而在较平缓、断裂较少的地形中，岩体软弱面发育较少。地质剖面对比分析表明，已存在的不连续面是弱面发育的必要前提条件，而降水则是弱面发育的激活剂。控制因素随岩性的不同而不同，表明物质和结构控制着外生过程如何有效地将不连续面转化为弱面。在药敏评价中考虑弱点面，提高了评价效果（召回率提高4.6 ~ 6.8%，AUC提高3.1 ~ 5.6%）。本文建立了岩体软弱面连续预测的区域尺度模型。它将岩体软弱面岩性依赖的形成机制与边坡失稳联系起来，为解释滑坡发展和改进滑坡易感性评价提供了一个基于过程的框架。

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying groundwater level variability and annual slope failure probability using multi-year groundwater level observations 利用多年地下水位观测量化地下水位变化和年度边坡破坏概率

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108584

Dianqing Li , Junjie Wang , Yu Wang , Xin Liu

The variation in groundwater level (GL) has been recognized as an important triggering factor of landslides and often exhibits high uncertainty. Most existing slope reliability analysis and landslide risk assessment studies ignored the uncertainty of GL and focused on estimating slope failure probability that is not related to a time period. This study proposes a rigorous method for quantifying the annual failure probability (P_FA) of slopes considering both uncertainties in GL and soil properties. Multi-year groundwater monitoring data are utilized to quantify the annual exceedance probability of GL through a statistical analysis. A series of GL scenarios corresponding to different return periods or exceedance probabilities is generated and used to estimate the corresponding conditional slope failure probabilities. These conditional probabilities are combined using the Total Probability Theorem to estimate P_FA. The results from a real slope indicate that the conditional slope failure probability increases exponentially as GL rises. The variability in GL dominates P_FA when the variability of soil properties is relatively low (e.g., coefficient of variation, COV = 0.1). Conversely, when the variability of soil properties is relatively high (e.g., COV ≥ 0.3), P_FA is dominated by soil uncertainties, and the conditional failure probability becomes insensitive to GL fluctuations. This highlights the importance of monitoring groundwater conditions in quantifying and mitigating landslide risks. Preliminary validation indicates that GL scenarios corresponding to a return period of 10 to 15 years can be used as representative GL conditions for evaluating P_FA, offering a practical guidance for slope design engineering.

地下水位变化是滑坡发生的重要触发因素，具有较高的不确定性。现有的大多数边坡可靠度分析和滑坡风险评估研究都忽略了GL的不确定性，而侧重于估算与时间段无关的边坡破坏概率。本文提出了一种考虑GL和土壤性质不确定性的边坡年破坏概率（PFA）量化方法。利用多年地下水监测资料，通过统计分析，量化了GL年超标概率。生成对应不同回归期或超过概率的一系列GL情景，用于估算相应的条件边坡破坏概率。使用全概率定理将这些条件概率组合起来估计PFA。对一个实际边坡的计算结果表明，随着GL的增大，边坡的条件破坏概率呈指数增长。当土壤性质的变异性较低时（如变异系数，COV = 0.1）， GL的变异性占主导地位。相反，当土壤性质变异性较大时（如COV≥0.3），PFA以土壤不确定性为主，条件失效概率对GL波动不敏感。这突出了监测地下水状况在量化和减轻滑坡风险方面的重要性。初步验证表明，回归期为10 ~ 15年的GL情景可作为评价PFA的代表性GL条件，对边坡设计工程具有实际指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Force distribution due to impact of bidisperse granular avalanches against a retention barrier 由于双分散颗粒雪崩对保留屏障的冲击而产生的力分布

IF 8.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL

Engineering Geology

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108585

Francisco Martínez , Tomás Trewhela , Simón Guerra , Bastián Araya

Landslides, rock, debris, and snow avalanches are frequent disasters characterized by their destructive power. Retention structures are therefore essential for mitigating their effects, particularly near urban areas. Although widely studied, the role of grain-size polydispersity remains poorly addressed, even for the simplified case of bidisperse mixtures. In this work, we experimentally investigate the force histories generated by dense, dry, bidisperse granular flows impacting a rigid barrier at different relative concentrations

C

of the finer fraction. Experiments were conducted in an inclined flume, where a granular mass collided with a downstream rigid wall. A central strip of load cells measured the local force simultaneously under varying conditions. Time series of the force distribution, peak values, and the net force on the barrier were analyzed, showing a strong dependence on particle concentration, with maximum values often occurring near

C = 20 %

. This behavior is interpreted as the outcome of size segregation and its inherent asymmetry, which can be incorporated into dynamic force predictions using a Bagnold velocity scaling. Deposit profiles were also characterized, showing significant morphological variability with respect to

C

. Finally, we propose empirical relations linking maximum loads to deposit properties, providing scaling laws that may be applied to the design and assessment of real retention structures.

山崩、岩石、碎石和雪崩是经常发生的灾害，其特点是破坏力大。因此，保留结构对于减轻其影响至关重要，特别是在城市地区附近。尽管研究广泛，但即使对于双分散混合物的简化情况，粒径多分散性的作用仍然很少得到解决。在这项工作中，我们通过实验研究了致密、干燥、双分散颗粒流在不同相对浓度C下撞击刚性屏障所产生的力历史。实验是在一个倾斜水槽中进行的，其中颗粒体与下游刚性壁碰撞。测压元件的中心条带在不同条件下同时测量局部力。通过对力分布、峰值和作用在屏障上的净力的时间序列分析，发现其与颗粒浓度有很强的依赖性，最大值往往出现在C=20%附近。这种行为被解释为尺寸偏析及其固有的不对称性的结果，可以使用Bagnold速度标度将其纳入动态力预测中。最后，我们提出了将最大载荷与沉积物性质联系起来的经验关系，提供了可应用于实际保留结构的设计和评估的标度定律。

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引用次数: 0