Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107769
Mao Yue , Changwei Yang , Jiaqi Yu , Liang Zhang , Shiguang Zhou , Ke Su , Hongsheng Ma
Pile network composite structures are used in the construction of high-speed railway subgrades. There have been few studies on their seismic dynamic response, however, which has restricted the accurate evaluation of their seismic performance. In this study, a series of shaking table tests on a pile network composite-reinforced soil high-speed railway subgrade were conducted. Particle image velocimetry was used to analyze the slope motion and sensor data to evaluate the overall dynamic response characteristics of the subgrade. Findings indicate that seismic activity causes subsidence throughout the subgrade, with deformations occurring in three distinct phases depending on the input seismic amplitude from 0.1 to 0.4 g (slow increasing), 0.4 to 0.6 g (faster increasing), and 0.6 to 1.0 g (rapidly increasing). The inclusion of geogrids aids in dissipating seismic energy, thereby reducing the peak acceleration amplification along the elevation. The increased dynamic soil pressure of the subgrade is mitigated by the geogrid reinforcement, which improves local stability. Moreover, the geogrid strain escalated with greater seismic wave amplitudes, resulting in the progressive expansion of the unstable zone from the slope towards the center of the subgrade as the elevation increased.
{"title":"Shaking table study on the seismic dynamic behavior of high-speed railway subgrade with pile network composite-reinforced soil","authors":"Mao Yue , Changwei Yang , Jiaqi Yu , Liang Zhang , Shiguang Zhou , Ke Su , Hongsheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pile network composite structures are used in the construction of high-speed railway subgrades. There have been few studies on their seismic dynamic response, however, which has restricted the accurate evaluation of their seismic performance. In this study, a series of shaking table tests on a pile network composite-reinforced soil high-speed railway subgrade were conducted. Particle image velocimetry was used to analyze the slope motion and sensor data to evaluate the overall dynamic response characteristics of the subgrade. Findings indicate that seismic activity causes subsidence throughout the subgrade, with deformations occurring in three distinct phases depending on the input seismic amplitude from 0.1 to 0.4 g (slow increasing), 0.4 to 0.6 g (faster increasing), and 0.6 to 1.0 g (rapidly increasing). The inclusion of geogrids aids in dissipating seismic energy, thereby reducing the peak acceleration amplification along the elevation. The increased dynamic soil pressure of the subgrade is mitigated by the geogrid reinforcement, which improves local stability. Moreover, the geogrid strain escalated with greater seismic wave amplitudes, resulting in the progressive expansion of the unstable zone from the slope towards the center of the subgrade as the elevation increased.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107769"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107764
Xue Li , Wan-Huan Zhou , Jiankun Liu
The existed understanding of stress-dilatancy behavior is predominantly based on experiments conducted with clean quartz sand, with limited research focusing on coral sand. Particularly, impacts of fines and density state on stress-dilatancy response of marine coral sand is of significant concern. This work presents a systematic investigation into these issues through meticulously controlled geotechnical tests, coupled with corresponding discussion and interpretation. Results show that at a high stress level, both pure coral sand and its mixtures consistently undergo shear contraction regardless of fines proportion and density state. However, mixtures with minimal fines experience shear contraction initially, followed by dilatancy under a medium-low stress level. Friction angle at peak state () and critical state (), excess friction angle (), and maximum dilatancy angle () decrease powerfully as increasing fines content. Besides, the lower and upper limits of variation for , , concerning were presented. Correlation between and highlights that Bolton's stress-dilatancy equation, developed for pure sand, remains applicable provided that fines content remains below the threshold value. Additionally, gray correlation result suggests that fines post the dominant influence on above behaviors, followed by density state and stress level. Finally, potential mechanism behinds the influences of fines and density state was explored from the view of particle column buckling.
{"title":"Stress-dilatancy behavior of marine coral sand incorporating non-plastic fines","authors":"Xue Li , Wan-Huan Zhou , Jiankun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existed understanding of stress-dilatancy behavior is predominantly based on experiments conducted with clean quartz sand, with limited research focusing on coral sand. Particularly, impacts of fines and density state on stress-dilatancy response of marine coral sand is of significant concern. This work presents a systematic investigation into these issues through meticulously controlled geotechnical tests, coupled with corresponding discussion and interpretation. Results show that at a high stress level, both pure coral sand and its mixtures consistently undergo shear contraction regardless of fines proportion and density state. However, mixtures with minimal fines experience shear contraction initially, followed by dilatancy under a medium-low stress level. Friction angle at peak state (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ps</mi></msub></math></span>) and critical state (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>cs</mi></msub></math></span>), excess friction angle (<span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span>), and maximum dilatancy angle (<span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span>) decrease powerfully as increasing fines content. Besides, the lower and upper limits of variation for <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ps</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>cs</mi></msub></math></span>, <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span> concerning <span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span> were presented. Correlation between <span><math><msub><mi>φ</mi><mi>ex</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>ψ</mi><mi>max</mi></msub></math></span> highlights that Bolton's stress-dilatancy equation, developed for pure sand, remains applicable provided that fines content remains below the threshold value. Additionally, gray correlation result suggests that fines post the dominant influence on above behaviors, followed by density state and stress level. Finally, potential mechanism behinds the influences of fines and density state was explored from the view of particle column buckling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107764"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107763
Zihan Liu, Louis Ngai Yuen Wong, Su-Chin Chang
Energy storage is considered a viable solution for managing renewable energies, and rock is recognized as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly medium for sensible heat storage. Following the principle of utilizing local resources, fifteen major rock types from Hong Kong—covering igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic classifications—were collected and processed to required sizes for several characterization techniques, considering their heterogeneity and anisotropy. Thermophysical (thermal diffusivity/conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient) and mechanical properties of the selected rocks were analyzed from room temperature to 1000 °C, along with their chemical and structural compositions. Through multidimensional evaluation, the suitability (optimal, average, poor) of these rocks from Hong Kong to serve as thermal energy storage media was assessed. The results obtained indicated that Hong Kong basalt is the optimal candidate for high-temperature thermal energy storage material, with 850 °C identified as the suitable maximum working temperature. Other igneous rocks from Hong Kong can be utilized for mid-to-low temperature range (100–500 °C) thermal energy storage engineering. However, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks from Hong Kong appear unsuitable for local thermal energy storage engineering.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of major rocks in Hong Kong as potential sensible thermal energy storage medium","authors":"Zihan Liu, Louis Ngai Yuen Wong, Su-Chin Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy storage is considered a viable solution for managing renewable energies, and rock is recognized as an economically feasible and environmentally friendly medium for sensible heat storage. Following the principle of utilizing local resources, fifteen major rock types from Hong Kong—covering igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic classifications—were collected and processed to required sizes for several characterization techniques, considering their heterogeneity and anisotropy. Thermophysical (thermal diffusivity/conductivity, heat capacity, and thermal expansion coefficient) and mechanical properties of the selected rocks were analyzed from room temperature to 1000 °C, along with their chemical and structural compositions. Through multidimensional evaluation, the suitability (optimal, average, poor) of these rocks from Hong Kong to serve as thermal energy storage media was assessed. The results obtained indicated that Hong Kong basalt is the optimal candidate for high-temperature thermal energy storage material, with 850 °C identified as the suitable maximum working temperature. Other igneous rocks from Hong Kong can be utilized for mid-to-low temperature range (100–500 °C) thermal energy storage engineering. However, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks from Hong Kong appear unsuitable for local thermal energy storage engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 107763"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107761
Artur Marciniak , Sebastian Kowalczyk , Szymon Oryński , Justyna Cader , Jonathan Chambers , Iwona Stan-Kłeczek , Mariusz Majdański
Determining the structure and evolution of landslides is crucial for geophysical hazard assessment. In this study, we employed an approach integrating the methodologies of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical conductivity to image temporal and spatial changes within a landslide in southern Poland. The area, located in the Outer Carpathians, experiences significant climate fluctuations, compounded by anthropogenic activities such as recreational skiing requiring artificial snow.
Our combined seismic and electrical methods techniques reveal the landslide's susceptibility to environmental factors on both annual and seasonal scales. Additional analysis, including data clustering and remote sensing, identifies three distinct landslide zones with varying vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic influences.
While focusing on a specific area, our approach has global applicability to similar mass movements. This research addresses a gap in understanding time-dependent geophysical observations of moisture-driven landslides, providing valuable insights for hazard identification and mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Four years of landslide observation with anthropogenic loading as an additional trigger - Analysis of seasonal and annual variability of physical parameters","authors":"Artur Marciniak , Sebastian Kowalczyk , Szymon Oryński , Justyna Cader , Jonathan Chambers , Iwona Stan-Kłeczek , Mariusz Majdański","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Determining the structure and evolution of landslides is crucial for geophysical hazard assessment. In this study, we employed an approach integrating the methodologies of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and electrical conductivity to image temporal and spatial changes within a landslide in southern Poland. The area, located in the Outer Carpathians, experiences significant climate fluctuations, compounded by anthropogenic activities such as recreational skiing requiring artificial snow.</div><div>Our combined seismic and electrical methods techniques reveal the landslide's susceptibility to environmental factors on both annual and seasonal scales. Additional analysis, including data clustering and remote sensing, identifies three distinct landslide zones with varying vulnerability to natural and anthropogenic influences.</div><div>While focusing on a specific area, our approach has global applicability to similar mass movements. This research addresses a gap in understanding time-dependent geophysical observations of moisture-driven landslides, providing valuable insights for hazard identification and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107761"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107762
Xuan Zou , Dianqing Li , Shun Wang , Shixiang Gu , Wei Wu
Climate change is becoming a greater global challenge, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, which in turn increase mountain hazards like shallow landslides and soil erosion. Ecological slope protection using vegetation has gained increasing attention to mitigate natural disasters in recent years. While numerous studies have demonstrated the contribution of root systems to soil reinforcement, the comprehensive impact of roots on soil mechanical response under rainfall scenarios remains elusive. This study investigates the instability and deformation behaviors of root-reinforced soil through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. The role of root characteristics, including biomass, diameter, and length, in modulating the shear strength, instability and deformation behaviors of soils is investigated. The results indicate that the shear strength and stability of root-reinforced soil, as well as the inhibition effect of root on contractive deformation after the initiation of instability, increasing with greater root biomass and length and smaller root diameter. Moreover, due to the potential weak interfaces, fine or stiff long roots appear to increase the likelihood of volumetric dilation in root-reinforced soil at the later stage of unstable deformation. However, this dilatancy can be effectively resisted by increasing root planting density to form the root network. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that herbaceous vegetation with finer and longer roots is more effective in mitigating static liquefaction of soils induced by rainfall infiltration. This study helps develop a predictive constitutive model for root-reinforced soils and supports future bioengineering slope design.
{"title":"Instability and deformation behaviors of root-reinforced soil under constant shear stress path","authors":"Xuan Zou , Dianqing Li , Shun Wang , Shixiang Gu , Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is becoming a greater global challenge, leading to more frequent and intense extreme weather events, which in turn increase mountain hazards like shallow landslides and soil erosion. Ecological slope protection using vegetation has gained increasing attention to mitigate natural disasters in recent years. While numerous studies have demonstrated the contribution of root systems to soil reinforcement, the comprehensive impact of roots on soil mechanical response under rainfall scenarios remains elusive. This study investigates the instability and deformation behaviors of root-reinforced soil through constant shear drained (CSD) tests. The role of root characteristics, including biomass, diameter, and length, in modulating the shear strength, instability and deformation behaviors of soils is investigated. The results indicate that the shear strength and stability of root-reinforced soil, as well as the inhibition effect of root on contractive deformation after the initiation of instability, increasing with greater root biomass and length and smaller root diameter. Moreover, due to the potential weak interfaces, fine or stiff long roots appear to increase the likelihood of volumetric dilation in root-reinforced soil at the later stage of unstable deformation. However, this dilatancy can be effectively resisted by increasing root planting density to form the root network. Furthermore, our experiments suggest that herbaceous vegetation with finer and longer roots is more effective in mitigating static liquefaction of soils induced by rainfall infiltration. This study helps develop a predictive constitutive model for root-reinforced soils and supports future bioengineering slope design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"343 ","pages":"Article 107762"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107759
Daniel Jose L. Buhay, Crystel Jade M. Legaspi, Jeffrey S. Perez, Kristine Dionne B. Lagunsad, Oliver Paul C. Halasan, Hazel Andrea L. Vidal, Katelyn S. Sochayseng, Arielle Anne T. Magnaye, Ronniel Paolo A. Dizon, Mickho Jheyshel V. Reyes, Maria Isabel T. Abigania
The 25 July 2022 MW 7.0 and 25 October 2022 MW 6.4 earthquakes caused liquefaction in the lowlands of Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. With the widespread liquefaction occurrence, a methodology was developed for mapping and assessing its impacts, which combined mapping techniques, geomorphological analysis, review of historical liquefaction accounts and empirical equations, utilization of available remote sensing technologies, and application of various geophysical and geotechnical equipment. The majority of liquefaction impacts of the MW 7.0 earthquake occurred along the Abra River delta, while the MW 6.4 earthquake had most of its liquefaction impacts concentrated in river dikes and abandoned channels across the Solsona Basin. Grain size analysis confirmed that the sediments indeed had the potential to liquefy. The soil parameters obtained using the refraction microtremor (ReMi) and screw driving sounding (SDS) tests also showed strong correlations, with liquefaction potential values ranging from low to high. Soil period values were also consistent with the ReMi and SDS results.
The results of this study emphasize that: 1) detailed mapping and assessment of areas affected by liquefaction is valuable in aiding researchers and planners in hazard mitigation; and 2) the geophysical and geotechnical approaches employed are suitable and less invasive alternatives in site-specific liquefaction potential assessment.
{"title":"Mapping and characterization of the liquefaction impacts of the July and October 2022 earthquakes in Northwestern Luzon, Philippines","authors":"Daniel Jose L. Buhay, Crystel Jade M. Legaspi, Jeffrey S. Perez, Kristine Dionne B. Lagunsad, Oliver Paul C. Halasan, Hazel Andrea L. Vidal, Katelyn S. Sochayseng, Arielle Anne T. Magnaye, Ronniel Paolo A. Dizon, Mickho Jheyshel V. Reyes, Maria Isabel T. Abigania","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 25 July 2022 <em>M</em><sub><em>W</em></sub> 7.0 and 25 October 2022 <em>M</em><sub><em>W</em></sub> 6.4 earthquakes caused liquefaction in the lowlands of Northwestern Luzon, Philippines. With the widespread liquefaction occurrence, a methodology was developed for mapping and assessing its impacts, which combined mapping techniques, geomorphological analysis, review of historical liquefaction accounts and empirical equations, utilization of available remote sensing technologies, and application of various geophysical and geotechnical equipment. The majority of liquefaction impacts of the <em>M</em><sub><em>W</em></sub> 7.0 earthquake occurred along the Abra River delta, while the <em>M</em><sub><em>W</em></sub> 6.4 earthquake had most of its liquefaction impacts concentrated in river dikes and abandoned channels across the Solsona Basin. Grain size analysis confirmed that the sediments indeed had the potential to liquefy. The soil parameters obtained using the refraction microtremor (ReMi) and screw driving sounding (SDS) tests also showed strong correlations, with liquefaction potential values ranging from low to high. Soil period values were also consistent with the ReMi and SDS results.</div><div>The results of this study emphasize that: 1) detailed mapping and assessment of areas affected by liquefaction is valuable in aiding researchers and planners in hazard mitigation; and 2) the geophysical and geotechnical approaches employed are suitable and less invasive alternatives in site-specific liquefaction potential assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107759"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107760
Zixin Wang , Jun Peng , Fiona C.Y. Kwok , Chuanhua Xu , Linfei Wang , Bibo Dai
Persistency, as a key geometric parameter of joints, significantly affects shear strength parameters of jointed rock mass. A good understanding of how persistency affects shear behavior of joint is therefore crucial for better evaluation of stability of rock slope. To investigate the failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear, a novel Voronoi generation algorithm is first used to establish an improved grain-based model (GBM) of granite which considers the shape of feldspar. The calibrated model is then used to simulate the direct shear test of numerical models possessing different joint persistency under various normal stresses. The results reveal that the developed micro-cracks generally increase rapidly when the shear strain reaches to a value approximately 50 % of the peak shear strain and the grain boundary tensile micro-crack is dominant among these initiated micro-cracks. Micro-cracks generally initiate at the ends of rock bridge, and then gradually propagate to the central of rock bridge, forming en-echelon fractures. The failure mode of numerical model is closely related to the generated en-echelon fractures. An increase in both joint persistency and normal stress can lead to a shear failure. The finding in this study provides an important basis for understanding the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear","authors":"Zixin Wang , Jun Peng , Fiona C.Y. Kwok , Chuanhua Xu , Linfei Wang , Bibo Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107760","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107760","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Persistency, as a key geometric parameter of joints, significantly affects shear strength parameters of jointed rock mass. A good understanding of how persistency affects shear behavior of joint is therefore crucial for better evaluation of stability of rock slope. To investigate the failure and micro-cracking behavior of non-persistent rock joint under direct shear, a novel Voronoi generation algorithm is first used to establish an improved grain-based model (GBM) of granite which considers the shape of feldspar. The calibrated model is then used to simulate the direct shear test of numerical models possessing different joint persistency under various normal stresses. The results reveal that the developed micro-cracks generally increase rapidly when the shear strain reaches to a value approximately 50 % of the peak shear strain and the grain boundary tensile micro-crack is dominant among these initiated micro-cracks. Micro-cracks generally initiate at the ends of rock bridge, and then gradually propagate to the central of rock bridge, forming en-echelon fractures. The failure mode of numerical model is closely related to the generated en-echelon fractures. An increase in both joint persistency and normal stress can lead to a shear failure. The finding in this study provides an important basis for understanding the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of jointed rock mass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107760"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107751
Chi-Chin Tsai , Jing-Wen Su , Scott M. Olson
Several studies have established empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (Vs) and standard penetration test blow count (SPT-N) for engineering use. However, these empirical correlations cannot be applied to gravel-rich soils since the measured SPT-N is often inflated in gravel. Therefore, an empirical correlation of Vs for gravel is developed in this study using the Engineering Geological Database for the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The Vs predictive model considers gravel content (GC) and coefficient of uniformity (Cu) in addition to effective vertical stress, void ratio, fines content, plasticity index, and overconsolidation ratio, which have been considered previously. The proposed model indicates that Vs increases with GC and Cu. Moreover, the Vs adjusted for GC can be used with existing Vs -based liquefaction triggering relationships to rationally define the boundary between liquefaction and non-liquefaction case histories with different GCs.
一些研究已经建立了剪切波速度（Vs）与标准贯入试验打击计数（SPT-N）之间的经验相关性，供工程使用。然而，这些经验相关性并不适用于富含砾石的土壤，因为在砾石中测得的 SPT-N 通常会膨胀。因此，本研究利用台湾强震仪器计划的工程地质数据库，建立了砾石的 Vs 经验相关性。Vs 预测模型除了考虑有效垂直应力、空隙率、细粒含量、塑性指数和过固结率之外，还考虑了砾石含量 (GC) 和均匀系数 (Cu)。建议的模型表明，Vs 随 GC 和 Cu 的增加而增加。此外，根据 GC 调整的 Vs 可与现有的基于 Vs 的液化触发关系一起使用，以合理界定不同 GC 的液化和非液化案例历史之间的界限。
{"title":"Predictive model for shear wave velocity of gravelly soil and its application to liquefaction triggering assessment","authors":"Chi-Chin Tsai , Jing-Wen Su , Scott M. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have established empirical correlations between shear wave velocity (<em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub>) and standard penetration test blow count (SPT-N) for engineering use. However, these empirical correlations cannot be applied to gravel-rich soils since the measured SPT-N is often inflated in gravel. Therefore, an empirical correlation of <em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> for gravel is developed in this study using the Engineering Geological Database for the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The <em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> predictive model considers gravel content (GC) and coefficient of uniformity (Cu) in addition to effective vertical stress, void ratio, fines content, plasticity index, and overconsolidation ratio, which have been considered previously. The proposed model indicates that <em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> increases with GC and Cu. Moreover, the <em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> adjusted for GC can be used with existing <em>V</em><sub><em>s</em></sub> -based liquefaction triggering relationships to rationally define the boundary between liquefaction and non-liquefaction case histories with different GCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107751"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142426753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-03DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107752
Tengyuan Zhao, Yabin Yang, Ling Xu, Shi-Feng Lu
Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) play a crucial role in understanding soil behavior related to water movement and soil moisture effects, rendering them an essential tool in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering applications. Traditionally, SWCCs are determined through labor-intensive laboratory experiments involving varying levels of suction, a process that can take several months. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality SWCC from numerous measurements becomes particularly challenging when immediate site-specific data are required for design and analysis. This paper introduces a hierarchical Bayesian method for deriving site-specific SWCCs by integrating extremely sparse data (e.g., one or two measurements) for the site of interest with existing data from sites with similar geological and sedimentary characteristics. The SWCC parameters are estimated using a Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. This approach not only enables the derivation of accurate SWCCs but also helps quantify the associated uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using both numerical and real-world data from different types of loess and unsaturated soils in the unsaturated soil database (UNSODA). The results show that site-specific SWCCs of unsaturated soils can be accurately estimated from sparse measurements by incorporating information from similar sites. This work offers an efficient and reasonably accurate approach for deriving SWCCs of unsaturated soils for geotechnical applications, especially when the number of site-specific SWCC measurement is extremely sparse and limited.
{"title":"Derivation of site-specific soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) from extremely sparse experimental data by hierarchical Bayesian method with consideration of geotechnical sites similarity","authors":"Tengyuan Zhao, Yabin Yang, Ling Xu, Shi-Feng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107752","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107752","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil-water characteristic curves (SWCCs) play a crucial role in understanding soil behavior related to water movement and soil moisture effects, rendering them an essential tool in engineering geology and geotechnical engineering applications. Traditionally, SWCCs are determined through labor-intensive laboratory experiments involving varying levels of suction, a process that can take several months. Moreover, obtaining a high-quality SWCC from numerous measurements becomes particularly challenging when immediate site-specific data are required for design and analysis. This paper introduces a hierarchical Bayesian method for deriving site-specific SWCCs by integrating extremely sparse data (e.g., one or two measurements) for the site of interest with existing data from sites with similar geological and sedimentary characteristics. The SWCC parameters are estimated using a Bayesian framework and Markov chain Monte Carlo simulations. This approach not only enables the derivation of accurate SWCCs but also helps quantify the associated uncertainties. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using both numerical and real-world data from different types of loess and unsaturated soils in the unsaturated soil database (UNSODA). The results show that site-specific SWCCs of unsaturated soils can be accurately estimated from sparse measurements by incorporating information from similar sites. This work offers an efficient and reasonably accurate approach for deriving SWCCs of unsaturated soils for geotechnical applications, especially when the number of site-specific SWCC measurement is extremely sparse and limited.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107752"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107748
Yi Chen , Chuang Song , Zhenhong Li , Chen Yu , Zhenjiang Liu , Xuesong Zhang , Bo Chen , Xiaoning Hu
The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, has received much attention, but its long-term post-earthquake evolution and driving force of activity are still poorly understood. As the evolutionary behavior of the DGBL is complicated by the influence of mainshock, aftershocks and rainfall, it is of great significance to study the dynamics of the landslide. In this study, a systematic and comprehensive framework for assessing the long-term stability and risk of co-seismic landslides was proposed. Based on ALOS-1 and Sentinel-1 data, time-series InSAR technology was used to reveal the nearly 15-year post-seismic evolution characteristics of the DGBL at different stages, followed by the prediction of the stabilization time, the estimation of the landslide thickness and risk assessment. The first stage was identified as three years after the earthquake (2008–2011). During this stage, ALOS-1 results show that the deformation of DGBL was intense (300 mm/year) with uneven spatial distribution, and an aftershock (Ms 5.3), along with increased rainfall, triggered its acceleration in 2009. The second stage was the period from 2014 to 2022. For this stage, we used the mass conservation approach to invert the thickness of the DGBL, revealing that a new sliding surface and thickness center had formed following the co-seismic failure in 2008. Sentinel-1 time series results indicated that the DGBL remains active even 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, but the deformation of DGBL has significantly slowed down (50 mm/year). The stabilization time for different segments of DGBL was predicted to range from 2027 to 2040 according to an exponential model. Beyond the overall trend of recovery, seasonal movements (including localized acceleration in 2021) closely related to rainfall remained evident, but the impact of aftershocks on the DGBL was severely weakened over time. UAV and field survey results suggested that the risk of localized debris flows at DGBL still exists. Our study improves our understanding of the long-term evolutionary pattern of DGBL and provides an important reference for post-earthquake landslide risk assessment and disaster prevention.
{"title":"Characterizing the evolution of the Daguangbao landslide nearly 15 years after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake by InSAR observations","authors":"Yi Chen , Chuang Song , Zhenhong Li , Chen Yu , Zhenjiang Liu , Xuesong Zhang , Bo Chen , Xiaoning Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2024.107748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Daguangbao landslide (DGBL), the largest landslide triggered by the 2008 <em>Ms</em> 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, has received much attention, but its long-term post-earthquake evolution and driving force of activity are still poorly understood. As the evolutionary behavior of the DGBL is complicated by the influence of mainshock, aftershocks and rainfall, it is of great significance to study the dynamics of the landslide. In this study, a systematic and comprehensive framework for assessing the long-term stability and risk of co-seismic landslides was proposed. Based on ALOS-1 and Sentinel-1 data, time-series InSAR technology was used to reveal the nearly 15-year post-seismic evolution characteristics of the DGBL at different stages, followed by the prediction of the stabilization time, the estimation of the landslide thickness and risk assessment. The first stage was identified as three years after the earthquake (2008–2011). During this stage, ALOS-1 results show that the deformation of DGBL was intense (300 mm/year) with uneven spatial distribution, and an aftershock (<em>Ms</em> 5.3), along with increased rainfall, triggered its acceleration in 2009. The second stage was the period from 2014 to 2022. For this stage, we used the mass conservation approach to invert the thickness of the DGBL, revealing that a new sliding surface and thickness center had formed following the co-seismic failure in 2008. Sentinel-1 time series results indicated that the DGBL remains active even 15 years after the Wenchuan earthquake, but the deformation of DGBL has significantly slowed down (50 mm/year). The stabilization time for different segments of DGBL was predicted to range from 2027 to 2040 according to an exponential model. Beyond the overall trend of recovery, seasonal movements (including localized acceleration in 2021) closely related to rainfall remained evident, but the impact of aftershocks on the DGBL was severely weakened over time. UAV and field survey results suggested that the risk of localized debris flows at DGBL still exists. Our study improves our understanding of the long-term evolutionary pattern of DGBL and provides an important reference for post-earthquake landslide risk assessment and disaster prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11567,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Geology","volume":"342 ","pages":"Article 107748"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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