Motivation -- To improve the effectiveness of (serious) games by empirically testing a number of cognition-based game design guidelines. Research approach -- A serious game was made to train players in performing the primary triage procedure in a large scale crisis situation. With this game, a number of game design decisions are systematically varied and the subsequent corresponding effects on learning gains, mental model construction and perceived engagement empirically tested. Findings -- While the game has been successful in training the triage procedure, the use of auditory guidance cues has led to worse mental model construction. Research limitations/Implications -- A triage consists of mostly procedural information, and the empirically tested guidelines are only tested in one game, making the possibility of generalization to other games and game types unclear. In addition, only the effects with relatively short play times are measured. Originality/Value -- Many serious games struggle to effectively convey their instructional material to the player. Conventional game design practice may even harm serious games; we seek to measure what works and what doesn't. Take away message -- When designing a serious game, pay careful attention to how much you task the player, subtle changes can make a big difference.
{"title":"COgnition-based DEsign Rules Enhancing Decisionmaking TRaining In A Game Environment (Code Red Triage): doctoral consortium paper","authors":"E. D. van der Spek","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962368","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- To improve the effectiveness of (serious) games by empirically testing a number of cognition-based game design guidelines. Research approach -- A serious game was made to train players in performing the primary triage procedure in a large scale crisis situation. With this game, a number of game design decisions are systematically varied and the subsequent corresponding effects on learning gains, mental model construction and perceived engagement empirically tested. Findings -- While the game has been successful in training the triage procedure, the use of auditory guidance cues has led to worse mental model construction. Research limitations/Implications -- A triage consists of mostly procedural information, and the empirically tested guidelines are only tested in one game, making the possibility of generalization to other games and game types unclear. In addition, only the effects with relatively short play times are measured. Originality/Value -- Many serious games struggle to effectively convey their instructional material to the player. Conventional game design practice may even harm serious games; we seek to measure what works and what doesn't. Take away message -- When designing a serious game, pay careful attention to how much you task the player, subtle changes can make a big difference.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121207004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- The paper focuses on how information seeking behaviour model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse high and low literate users online behaviour which in turn will support interface design suggestions. Research approach -- Five high and five low literate users of a local charity which provides social service information participated to carry out four online information seeking tasks. Data were captured using think-aloud, video, observation and semi structured interview techniques. A data analysis on the study previously discovered eight information seeking behaviour strategies: Reading, Scanning, Focus, Satisfied, Verification, Recovery, Trajectories, Representation and Abandon. Several information seeking behaviour models were evaluated prior to selecting Ellis (1989) information seeking behaviour model which includes features such as: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verifying, and ending. The model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse the data combining with the previous findings to make interface design suggestions. The study will not validate the correctness or the features of Ellis model. Findings/Design -- The analysis uncovered two variations of Ellis model for the high and low literate users, and how the models were used to give interface design suggestions. Research limitations/Implications -- The small sample size of five high and five low literate participants, limited the possibility of generalizing the findings. Originality/Value -- The low and high literate users information seeking behaviour were analysed using Ellis model as a theoretical lens along with the previously identified information seeking behaviour strategies of these users. These finds of the refined models are used to suggest interface design to improve the low literate users online information seeking. Take away message -- The models will be used to suggest interface design recommend for low literate users. We hope the design suggestions will help improve the low literate users online information seeking.
{"title":"Information seeking behaviour model as a theoretical lens: high and low literate users behaviour process analysed","authors":"N. Kodagoda, B. Wong, Nawaz Khan","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962324","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- The paper focuses on how information seeking behaviour model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse high and low literate users online behaviour which in turn will support interface design suggestions. Research approach -- Five high and five low literate users of a local charity which provides social service information participated to carry out four online information seeking tasks. Data were captured using think-aloud, video, observation and semi structured interview techniques. A data analysis on the study previously discovered eight information seeking behaviour strategies: Reading, Scanning, Focus, Satisfied, Verification, Recovery, Trajectories, Representation and Abandon. Several information seeking behaviour models were evaluated prior to selecting Ellis (1989) information seeking behaviour model which includes features such as: starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, extracting, verifying, and ending. The model is used as a theoretical lens to analyse the data combining with the previous findings to make interface design suggestions. The study will not validate the correctness or the features of Ellis model. Findings/Design -- The analysis uncovered two variations of Ellis model for the high and low literate users, and how the models were used to give interface design suggestions. Research limitations/Implications -- The small sample size of five high and five low literate participants, limited the possibility of generalizing the findings. Originality/Value -- The low and high literate users information seeking behaviour were analysed using Ellis model as a theoretical lens along with the previously identified information seeking behaviour strategies of these users. These finds of the refined models are used to suggest interface design to improve the low literate users online information seeking. Take away message -- The models will be used to suggest interface design recommend for low literate users. We hope the design suggestions will help improve the low literate users online information seeking.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"5 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123714299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- To prolong functional independence of elderly persons who experience cognitive decline in attention, perceptual encoding, memory and self-efficacy. Research approach -- Ability of older adults to use domestic appliances depends on their mental model of operation. This may depend on transfer of understanding from similar, more familiar technology. Leveraging established mental models creates affordances for operating new technology but may constrain the discovery of advanced functionality. Familiar mental models may also interfere with developing appropriate mental models or interaction behaviour. Findings/Design -- Designing appliances to extend cognitive abilities provides opportunity to prolong functional independence. Concepts from cognitive psychology, human factors, and gerontology are reviewed to explain age-related behaviour towards technology to support innovative product development of technologies for older adults with cognitive impairment. Take away message -- The understanding of declining cognitive abilities must drive the development of technologies that sustain the independence of persons who are cognitive impaired.
{"title":"Home technology design for the cognitively impaired","authors":"P. Higgins, A. Glasgow","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962308","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- To prolong functional independence of elderly persons who experience cognitive decline in attention, perceptual encoding, memory and self-efficacy. Research approach -- Ability of older adults to use domestic appliances depends on their mental model of operation. This may depend on transfer of understanding from similar, more familiar technology. Leveraging established mental models creates affordances for operating new technology but may constrain the discovery of advanced functionality. Familiar mental models may also interfere with developing appropriate mental models or interaction behaviour. Findings/Design -- Designing appliances to extend cognitive abilities provides opportunity to prolong functional independence. Concepts from cognitive psychology, human factors, and gerontology are reviewed to explain age-related behaviour towards technology to support innovative product development of technologies for older adults with cognitive impairment. Take away message -- The understanding of declining cognitive abilities must drive the development of technologies that sustain the independence of persons who are cognitive impaired.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122984361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hearty welcome! We hope that you will experience an informative, accessible, interactive and pleasant 28th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2010. In addition to the general and recurrent discussion of ongoing research, this year's conference will focus on "Caring technology for the future". Affective computing and persuasive technology have become core themes in our research area, with pioneers like Rosalind W. Picard and B.J. Fogg. New insights on these themes help to move from insensible computers towards caring technology, and to start creating synthetic companions, electronic partners or social robots. The Paro is a good example of this development, as will be presented in the keynote of Takanori Shibata. Such a seal robot can be used by end-users with specific needs for care, older adults and children. In his keynote, Panos Markopoulos will go into more detail on the development of interactive products for such children. The keynote of Brenda Wiederholt focuses on another type of caring technology: the treatment of anxiety, panic, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder with VR exposure and cognitive-behavioral therapy, in combination with objective physiological measurements. These keynotes show that our research area of cognitive ergonomics, human technology interaction and cognitive engineering continuously provides exciting new theoretical and practical challenges. Creative and sound multidisciplinary research and development initiatives are needed to meet these challenges. We were pleased to receive this year 41 submissions in the long paper category, 32 submissions in short paper category, 25 submissions in the posters and demonstration category, 9 submissions for the doctoral consortium, and 6 workshop proposals. Submissions in the long and short paper category have been reviewed by independent international reviewers and meta-reviewed by the category chairs. Submissions in the other categories were reviewed by the category chairs. These reviewers' reports were discussed in the conference committee meeting where the final decision was taken, considering both the scores given by the reviewers as their written comments. Of the 25 long papers and 16 short papers that will be presented at the conference 13 themes emerged.
衷心的欢迎!我们希望您将体验到一个信息丰富，易于访问，互动和愉快的第28届欧洲认知工效学会议2010。除了对正在进行的研究进行一般性和周期性的讨论外，今年的会议将重点关注“关怀未来的技术”。情感计算和说服技术已经成为我们研究领域的核心主题，像Rosalind W. Picard和B.J. Fogg这样的先驱。对这些主题的新见解有助于从麻木的计算机转向关怀技术，并开始创造合成伴侣、电子伴侣或社交机器人。帕罗是这种发展的一个很好的例子，正如柴田孝典的主题演讲所展示的那样。这种密封机器人可以被有特殊护理需求的终端用户、老年人和儿童使用。在他的主题演讲中，Panos Markopoulos将更详细地介绍为这些儿童开发的互动产品。Brenda Wiederholt的主题演讲侧重于另一种类型的护理技术:通过VR暴露和认知行为疗法，结合客观生理测量，治疗焦虑、恐慌、恐惧症和创伤后应激障碍。这些主题演讲表明，我们的认知工效学、人机交互和认知工程研究领域不断提供令人兴奋的新的理论和实践挑战。需要创造性和健全的多学科研究和发展举措来应对这些挑战。今年我们很高兴收到41份长论文类的提交，32份短论文类的提交，25份海报和演示类的提交，9份博士联合体的提交，以及6份研讨会提案。长篇和短篇论文类别的提交已由独立的国际审稿人审查，并由类别主席进行元审查。其他类别的参赛作品由类别主席审查。这些审稿人的报告在会议委员会会议上进行了讨论，并考虑了审稿人给出的分数作为他们的书面评论，最终做出了决定。将在会议上发表的25篇长论文和16篇短论文中出现了13个主题。
{"title":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","authors":"Mark Antonius Neerincx, Willem-Paul Brinkman","doi":"10.1145/1962300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300","url":null,"abstract":"Hearty welcome! We hope that you will experience an informative, accessible, interactive and pleasant 28th European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics 2010. In addition to the general and recurrent discussion of ongoing research, this year's conference will focus on \"Caring technology for the future\". Affective computing and persuasive technology have become core themes in our research area, with pioneers like Rosalind W. Picard and B.J. Fogg. New insights on these themes help to move from insensible computers towards caring technology, and to start creating synthetic companions, electronic partners or social robots. The Paro is a good example of this development, as will be presented in the keynote of Takanori Shibata. Such a seal robot can be used by end-users with specific needs for care, older adults and children. In his keynote, Panos Markopoulos will go into more detail on the development of interactive products for such children. The keynote of Brenda Wiederholt focuses on another type of caring technology: the treatment of anxiety, panic, phobias, and posttraumatic stress disorder with VR exposure and cognitive-behavioral therapy, in combination with objective physiological measurements. These keynotes show that our research area of cognitive ergonomics, human technology interaction and cognitive engineering continuously provides exciting new theoretical and practical challenges. Creative and sound multidisciplinary research and development initiatives are needed to meet these challenges. \u0000 \u0000We were pleased to receive this year 41 submissions in the long paper category, 32 submissions in short paper category, 25 submissions in the posters and demonstration category, 9 submissions for the doctoral consortium, and 6 workshop proposals. Submissions in the long and short paper category have been reviewed by independent international reviewers and meta-reviewed by the category chairs. Submissions in the other categories were reviewed by the category chairs. These reviewers' reports were discussed in the conference committee meeting where the final decision was taken, considering both the scores given by the reviewers as their written comments. Of the 25 long papers and 16 short papers that will be presented at the conference 13 themes emerged.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121480004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. W. Streefkerk, M. P. V. Esch-Bussemakers, Mark Antonius Neerincx
Motivation -- Automated task allocation systems are prone to errors (e.g. incorrect advice) due to context events. Empirical assessment is needed of how the costs of incorrect task allocation advice relate to the benefits. Research approach -- Claims regarding benefits and costs are tested in a team surveillance task in a synthetic task environment. Eighteen teams of three trained students handled incidents while using a mobile support prototype providing task allocation advice. For half of the incidents, context events caused this advice to be incorrect. To assess the costs and benefits of using this prototype, task performance, situation awareness and trust were compared between two conditions; with and without task allocation advice. Findings -- Incorrect advice slows response time and handling time and causes more misunderstanding, but not more decision errors or team communication, compared to no advice. No effects of incorrect advice were found on situation awareness and trust. Research Limitations and Implications -- This study shows that costs in time are higher than the benefits of accurate allocation. Professional end-users would perform better on the surveillance task. Originality/Value -- This research is a first step to help designers balance costs and benefits of context-aware systems in critical domains. Take away message -- When time-pressure is high, automated support could be worse than no support.
{"title":"Balancing costs and benefits of automated task allocation in mobile surveillance","authors":"J. W. Streefkerk, M. P. V. Esch-Bussemakers, Mark Antonius Neerincx","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962321","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- Automated task allocation systems are prone to errors (e.g. incorrect advice) due to context events. Empirical assessment is needed of how the costs of incorrect task allocation advice relate to the benefits. Research approach -- Claims regarding benefits and costs are tested in a team surveillance task in a synthetic task environment. Eighteen teams of three trained students handled incidents while using a mobile support prototype providing task allocation advice. For half of the incidents, context events caused this advice to be incorrect. To assess the costs and benefits of using this prototype, task performance, situation awareness and trust were compared between two conditions; with and without task allocation advice. Findings -- Incorrect advice slows response time and handling time and causes more misunderstanding, but not more decision errors or team communication, compared to no advice. No effects of incorrect advice were found on situation awareness and trust. Research Limitations and Implications -- This study shows that costs in time are higher than the benefits of accurate allocation. Professional end-users would perform better on the surveillance task. Originality/Value -- This research is a first step to help designers balance costs and benefits of context-aware systems in critical domains. Take away message -- When time-pressure is high, automated support could be worse than no support.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122714421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- Traffic complexity and workload in Air Traffic Control (ATC) are important factors in the design of procedures and ATC sectors. The Solution Space Diagram (SSD), which shows all possible conflict-free vectors for aircraft, has been proposed as a tool for assessing sector complexity. When considering the SSD for an aircraft, each neighbouring aircraft introduces a zone of conflict, the Forbidden Beam Zone (FBZ) on the SSD. The changes in these FBZ are systematically studied to increase understanding of the SSD usability in reducing workload and managing sector complexity. Research approach -- The following sector variables are investigated in this research; the intercept angle of streams of aircraft, aircraft speed and aircraft horizontal proximity. Matlab® simulations of two aircraft conditions are set up for a number of case studies with different sector variables. These are then compared using quantitative analysis using the SSD. Findings -- In this study it is assumed that a denser Solution Space results in a higher rating for the complexity factor. The results show that in certain cases, where other variables are fixed to certain values, larger intercept angle and horizontal proximity produces a less dense Solution Space. Speed changes lead to other typical changes, as higher speeds result in the FBZ being shifted outwards on the SSD. Research limitations -- The findings regarding the relation between the complexity metric and sector design should be validated by means of an experiment, to obtain the opinion of professional Air Traffic Controllers (ATCos). Take away message -- Previous researches have introduced the Solution Space as a method to determine airspace complexity and therefore ATCo workload (Hermes et al., 2009; D'Engelbronner, 2009 and Mercado, 2009). This research extends these studies through exploring the effects of air traffic sector design in a systematic fashion.
{"title":"The effects of Air Traffic Control sector design on the Solution Space Diagram","authors":"S. A. Rahman, M. Mulder, R. Paassen","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962354","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- Traffic complexity and workload in Air Traffic Control (ATC) are important factors in the design of procedures and ATC sectors. The Solution Space Diagram (SSD), which shows all possible conflict-free vectors for aircraft, has been proposed as a tool for assessing sector complexity. When considering the SSD for an aircraft, each neighbouring aircraft introduces a zone of conflict, the Forbidden Beam Zone (FBZ) on the SSD. The changes in these FBZ are systematically studied to increase understanding of the SSD usability in reducing workload and managing sector complexity. Research approach -- The following sector variables are investigated in this research; the intercept angle of streams of aircraft, aircraft speed and aircraft horizontal proximity. Matlab® simulations of two aircraft conditions are set up for a number of case studies with different sector variables. These are then compared using quantitative analysis using the SSD. Findings -- In this study it is assumed that a denser Solution Space results in a higher rating for the complexity factor. The results show that in certain cases, where other variables are fixed to certain values, larger intercept angle and horizontal proximity produces a less dense Solution Space. Speed changes lead to other typical changes, as higher speeds result in the FBZ being shifted outwards on the SSD. Research limitations -- The findings regarding the relation between the complexity metric and sector design should be validated by means of an experiment, to obtain the opinion of professional Air Traffic Controllers (ATCos). Take away message -- Previous researches have introduced the Solution Space as a method to determine airspace complexity and therefore ATCo workload (Hermes et al., 2009; D'Engelbronner, 2009 and Mercado, 2009). This research extends these studies through exploring the effects of air traffic sector design in a systematic fashion.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"3 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128803929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- To improve Emergency Response activity by designing technical support to maintain a common operational picture (COP) of the emergency situation. Research approach -- A design experiment was conducted to test solutions to support identification of hazardous gases in an accident. A new method was proposed to tackle the known design problem labelled the "task-artefact-cycle" and to identify promisingness of technologies in a future context of use. Findings/Design -- The results reveal decision making demands in a fire situation, how they are tackled in the present practice, and what added value the tested new technology might bring. Research limitations/Implications -- The study was a first case in which the proposed method was used. Originality/Value -- The research proposes a theoretically based new method for analysis of user activity in the design context. Take away message -- The "task-artefact cycle" can be tackled by creating conceptually oriented formative methods of activity analysis.
{"title":"Designing tools for emergency operations: new method of parallel augmented exercise","authors":"L. Norros, M. Liinasuo, R. Hutton","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962313","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- To improve Emergency Response activity by designing technical support to maintain a common operational picture (COP) of the emergency situation. Research approach -- A design experiment was conducted to test solutions to support identification of hazardous gases in an accident. A new method was proposed to tackle the known design problem labelled the \"task-artefact-cycle\" and to identify promisingness of technologies in a future context of use. Findings/Design -- The results reveal decision making demands in a fire situation, how they are tackled in the present practice, and what added value the tested new technology might bring. Research limitations/Implications -- The study was a first case in which the proposed method was used. Originality/Value -- The research proposes a theoretically based new method for analysis of user activity in the design context. Take away message -- The \"task-artefact cycle\" can be tackled by creating conceptually oriented formative methods of activity analysis.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131070016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation --- To identify the objects/entities that determine the ontology of the motorcyclist's visual exploration activity, when driving in urban arterials. This ontology may form the basis for modelling the motorcyclists' visual activity in urban traffic as well as shed light in their interaction with automobile drivers. Research approach --- An explorative naturalistic field study was conducted, using the eye-tracking method, in which three experienced motorcyclists were asked to drive normally in a predefined route consisting of three road sections: motorway, avenue, local urban two way street. Immediately after driving an interview of each participant was conducted using the video assisted autoconfrontation method. Findings/Design --- The results suggest that (i) visual scan patterns of motorcyclists in urban arterials are much more vivid compared to those in motorway and extend well beyond formal signals, (ii) to minimize the cognitive effort of scanning motrocyclists seek for specific cues to monitor the future intentions of the other road users (iii) motorcyclists feel more vulnerable than car drivers, which leads them to recurring visual checks of the points of concern. Research limitations/Implications --- The results presented are based on a small sample of motorcyclists. In the near future we intend to extend our sample of participants and to perform formal protocol analysis of the a-posteriory, verbalizations. Originality/Value --- One of the very few naturalistic field studies of motorcyclist visual exploration activity in urban environment using eye tracking and autoconfrontation. Promises to offer fresh insights to safety measures for motorcyclists. Take away message --- Urban driving scan patterns of motorcyclists are very systematic and recurring across situations and participants. Fixation points are rarely directed to road elements as such. Fixations tend to be clearly directed at specific points (e.g. side mirrors, car wheels, rear edge of car roofs) that convey information about the other road users' state and intentions.
{"title":"An explorative study of visual scanning strategies of motorcyclists in urban environment","authors":"V. Papakostopoulos, D. Nathanael, N. Marmaras","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962332","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation --- To identify the objects/entities that determine the ontology of the motorcyclist's visual exploration activity, when driving in urban arterials. This ontology may form the basis for modelling the motorcyclists' visual activity in urban traffic as well as shed light in their interaction with automobile drivers. Research approach --- An explorative naturalistic field study was conducted, using the eye-tracking method, in which three experienced motorcyclists were asked to drive normally in a predefined route consisting of three road sections: motorway, avenue, local urban two way street. Immediately after driving an interview of each participant was conducted using the video assisted autoconfrontation method. Findings/Design --- The results suggest that (i) visual scan patterns of motorcyclists in urban arterials are much more vivid compared to those in motorway and extend well beyond formal signals, (ii) to minimize the cognitive effort of scanning motrocyclists seek for specific cues to monitor the future intentions of the other road users (iii) motorcyclists feel more vulnerable than car drivers, which leads them to recurring visual checks of the points of concern. Research limitations/Implications --- The results presented are based on a small sample of motorcyclists. In the near future we intend to extend our sample of participants and to perform formal protocol analysis of the a-posteriory, verbalizations. Originality/Value --- One of the very few naturalistic field studies of motorcyclist visual exploration activity in urban environment using eye tracking and autoconfrontation. Promises to offer fresh insights to safety measures for motorcyclists. Take away message --- Urban driving scan patterns of motorcyclists are very systematic and recurring across situations and participants. Fixation points are rarely directed to road elements as such. Fixations tend to be clearly directed at specific points (e.g. side mirrors, car wheels, rear edge of car roofs) that convey information about the other road users' state and intentions.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"575 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128022162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Laverman, Bertie J. H. M. Schonk, P. J. M. Boog, Mark Antonius Neerincx
Motivation -- It is becoming necessary to seriously consider self-management in the treatment of chronically ill patients. A number of self-management applications have already been developed, but an explicit theoretical model is lacking. The PERISCOPE-project aims to provide (1) a conceptual framework for self-management systems aimed at lifestyle changes, (2) guidelines for implementing personalization and contextualization to enhance self-management skills of chronically ill patients, and (3) an overview of how human factors influence the design and implementation of self-management systems. In our approach we pay particular regard to lifestyle changes. Research approach -- The conceptual framework for self-management systems will be constructed based on key literature and interviews with care professionals. The Situated Cognitive Engineering framework will guide the development of a prototype self-management system aimed at lifestyle changes and the formulation of guidelines for personalization and contextualization. Last, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be used to examine (1) the influence of human factors on personalization and contextualization and (2) the impact of personalization and contextualization on the self-management skills of patients. Findings -- We have thus far developed a conceptual framework for self-management systems. Take away message -- The development of a conceptual framework and the understanding of the influence of human factors and design principles on patients' lifestyle management will be of great benefit to the development and improvement of self-management systems.
{"title":"Personalized and contextualized information in self-management systems for chronically ill patients (PERISCOPE)","authors":"M. Laverman, Bertie J. H. M. Schonk, P. J. M. Boog, Mark Antonius Neerincx","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962370","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- It is becoming necessary to seriously consider self-management in the treatment of chronically ill patients. A number of self-management applications have already been developed, but an explicit theoretical model is lacking. The PERISCOPE-project aims to provide (1) a conceptual framework for self-management systems aimed at lifestyle changes, (2) guidelines for implementing personalization and contextualization to enhance self-management skills of chronically ill patients, and (3) an overview of how human factors influence the design and implementation of self-management systems. In our approach we pay particular regard to lifestyle changes. Research approach -- The conceptual framework for self-management systems will be constructed based on key literature and interviews with care professionals. The Situated Cognitive Engineering framework will guide the development of a prototype self-management system aimed at lifestyle changes and the formulation of guidelines for personalization and contextualization. Last, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be used to examine (1) the influence of human factors on personalization and contextualization and (2) the impact of personalization and contextualization on the self-management skills of patients. Findings -- We have thus far developed a conceptual framework for self-management systems. Take away message -- The development of a conceptual framework and the understanding of the influence of human factors and design principles on patients' lifestyle management will be of great benefit to the development and improvement of self-management systems.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132278061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael J. Cole, J. Gwizdka, R. Bierig, N. Belkin, Jingjing Liu, Chang Liu, Xiangmin Zhang
Motivation -- On-the-task detection of the task type and task attributes can benefit personalization and adaptation of information systems. Research approach -- A web-based information search experiment was conducted with 32 participants using a multi-stream logging system. The realistic tasks were related directly to the backgrounds of the participants and were of distinct task types. Findings/Design -- We report on a relationship between task and individual reading behaviour. Specifically we show that transitions between scanning and reading behaviour in eye movement patterns are an implicit indicator of the current task. Research limitations/Implications -- This work suggests it is plausible to infer the type of information task from eye movement patterns. One limitation is a lack of knowledge about the general reading model differences across different types of tasks in the population. Although this is an experimental study we argue it can be generalized to real world text-oriented information search tasks. Originality/Value -- This research presents a new methodology to model user information search task behaviour. It suggests promise for detection of information task type based on patterns of eye movements. Take away message -- With increasingly complex computer interaction, knowledge about the type of information task can be valuable for system personalization. Modelling the reading/scanning patterns of eye movements can allow inference about the task type and task attributes.
{"title":"Linking search tasks with low-level eye movement patterns","authors":"Michael J. Cole, J. Gwizdka, R. Bierig, N. Belkin, Jingjing Liu, Chang Liu, Xiangmin Zhang","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962323","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- On-the-task detection of the task type and task attributes can benefit personalization and adaptation of information systems. Research approach -- A web-based information search experiment was conducted with 32 participants using a multi-stream logging system. The realistic tasks were related directly to the backgrounds of the participants and were of distinct task types. Findings/Design -- We report on a relationship between task and individual reading behaviour. Specifically we show that transitions between scanning and reading behaviour in eye movement patterns are an implicit indicator of the current task. Research limitations/Implications -- This work suggests it is plausible to infer the type of information task from eye movement patterns. One limitation is a lack of knowledge about the general reading model differences across different types of tasks in the population. Although this is an experimental study we argue it can be generalized to real world text-oriented information search tasks. Originality/Value -- This research presents a new methodology to model user information search task behaviour. It suggests promise for detection of information task type based on patterns of eye movements. Take away message -- With increasingly complex computer interaction, knowledge about the type of information task can be valuable for system personalization. Modelling the reading/scanning patterns of eye movements can allow inference about the task type and task attributes.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131702411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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