Motivation -- Cognitive models of web-navigation such as CoLiDeS, CoLiDeS+, SNIF-ACT compute the correct hyperlink by using information from the hyperlink text alone and ignore all other information on a web-page. This paper focuses on verifying the validity of this assumption by investigating the role played by the main content in addition to hyperlink text on the deciding the correct hyperlink. Research approach -- A mock-up website with two conditions: (i) with main content and hyperlinks and (ii) without main content but with hyperlinks was created. 18 students performed 8 information retrieval tasks on this mock-up website. Findings/Design -- The results showed that the user-click behaviour with or without main content remained largely the same. The same links were selected by users in both conditions. Also, the same amount of time was spent on the commonly selected links in both conditions. Research limitations/Implications -- We restrict ourselves to the role of main content in this experiment and did not study the impact of other factors like pictures. Originality/Value -- These results provide an empirical proof to the assumption CoLiDeS makes in its 3rd and 4th phases of focusing and selecting. Take away message -- Implication of the results is that one needs to study deeper the relevance/quality of wording used for hyperlinks in relation to the main content. We assume that if the wordings (of the links) are relevant or familiar to the user, the influence of main content would be negligible but if they are less relevant or unfamiliar, the content becomes more influential.
{"title":"The role of content in addition to hyperlinks in user-clicking behavior","authors":"Saraschandra Karanam, H. Oostendorp, B. Indurkhya","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962325","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- Cognitive models of web-navigation such as CoLiDeS, CoLiDeS+, SNIF-ACT compute the correct hyperlink by using information from the hyperlink text alone and ignore all other information on a web-page. This paper focuses on verifying the validity of this assumption by investigating the role played by the main content in addition to hyperlink text on the deciding the correct hyperlink. Research approach -- A mock-up website with two conditions: (i) with main content and hyperlinks and (ii) without main content but with hyperlinks was created. 18 students performed 8 information retrieval tasks on this mock-up website. Findings/Design -- The results showed that the user-click behaviour with or without main content remained largely the same. The same links were selected by users in both conditions. Also, the same amount of time was spent on the commonly selected links in both conditions. Research limitations/Implications -- We restrict ourselves to the role of main content in this experiment and did not study the impact of other factors like pictures. Originality/Value -- These results provide an empirical proof to the assumption CoLiDeS makes in its 3rd and 4th phases of focusing and selecting. Take away message -- Implication of the results is that one needs to study deeper the relevance/quality of wording used for hyperlinks in relation to the main content. We assume that if the wordings (of the links) are relevant or familiar to the user, the influence of main content would be negligible but if they are less relevant or unfamiliar, the content becomes more influential.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"458 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128076877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- This study explores the way senior drivers (compared to younger ones) adapt to the growing difficulties they have in being attentive and reactive when driving. Research approach -- The approach is based on video analysis and post-activity verbalisations; we videotaped 12 subjects' natural drive in a big city, and conducted video-based interviews. Findings -- The analysis indicates that seniors are more frightened than younger drivers and less aggressive, and that they express more their emotions verbally right after the drive than mimically during the drive. We also distinguish two profiles of senior drivers: one is hypervigilant, hesitating and very anxious, and the other one is deliberately delegating the control and the attention to the other drivers, is quieter and has a smoother driving. Implications and message -- We conclude on the importance of the emotional comfort in the strategies of adaptation chosen by the drivers, and propose some advices for designing help systems for seniors.
{"title":"Feelings and strategies of senior drivers: ways of coping with fear?","authors":"B. Cahour, J. Forzy, Clémence Martin","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962333","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- This study explores the way senior drivers (compared to younger ones) adapt to the growing difficulties they have in being attentive and reactive when driving. Research approach -- The approach is based on video analysis and post-activity verbalisations; we videotaped 12 subjects' natural drive in a big city, and conducted video-based interviews. Findings -- The analysis indicates that seniors are more frightened than younger drivers and less aggressive, and that they express more their emotions verbally right after the drive than mimically during the drive. We also distinguish two profiles of senior drivers: one is hypervigilant, hesitating and very anxious, and the other one is deliberately delegating the control and the attention to the other drivers, is quieter and has a smoother driving. Implications and message -- We conclude on the importance of the emotional comfort in the strategies of adaptation chosen by the drivers, and propose some advices for designing help systems for seniors.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129939178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- Communication technologies providing location-based and social applications may stimulate social cohesion and community building in deprived neighbourhoods. This study investigates the expertise required to develop mobile, social and context-sensitive applications. Research approach -- Advanced students in Media Technology were instructed to create a mobile, social and context-sensitive application using a concept and programming tools of their own choosing. The students' progress was observed and the results were assessed in terms of technical soundness and social success. Findings/Design -- This study shows that it is not necessary to rely on computer experts or social experts to successfully create applications to increase the social cohesion within communities. Research limitations/Implications -- This study was limited by allowing participants to use themselves and their friends as the target community instead of an external community which is different from themselves. The success of the social computing apps was not investigated with an external community, this remains to be done in a subsequent studies. Originality/Value -- The study concerns an applied study into the use of communication technologies for community building. Take away message -- The results of a programming exercise indicate that applied science students are very well able to develop mobile, social and context-sensitive applications.
{"title":"Friend or fiend: prototyping for social cohesion","authors":"G. D. Haan, I. Mulder, J. Marseille","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962392","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- Communication technologies providing location-based and social applications may stimulate social cohesion and community building in deprived neighbourhoods. This study investigates the expertise required to develop mobile, social and context-sensitive applications. Research approach -- Advanced students in Media Technology were instructed to create a mobile, social and context-sensitive application using a concept and programming tools of their own choosing. The students' progress was observed and the results were assessed in terms of technical soundness and social success. Findings/Design -- This study shows that it is not necessary to rely on computer experts or social experts to successfully create applications to increase the social cohesion within communities. Research limitations/Implications -- This study was limited by allowing participants to use themselves and their friends as the target community instead of an external community which is different from themselves. The success of the social computing apps was not investigated with an external community, this remains to be done in a subsequent studies. Originality/Value -- The study concerns an applied study into the use of communication technologies for community building. Take away message -- The results of a programming exercise indicate that applied science students are very well able to develop mobile, social and context-sensitive applications.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125490397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pellegrin, C. Gaudin, G. Texier, J. Meynard, H. Chaudet
Motivation -- This presentation introduces a near-real time outbreak surveillance system, ASTER, which assists physicians in the resolution the management of the outbreak early warning in French military deployment. Research approach. Our approach is to show that ASTER could be described as a joint cognitive system between actors belonging to a specific socio-technical network, a surveillance network and an artificial decision-supported system. Findings/Design -- Two simulations of an outbreak management have been set up. Observations of epidemiologists (analysis network) were conducted during simulated scenarii involving natural and intentional outbreaks within French Forces deployed for the first scenario, in Djibouti, and for the second one, in Tchad. Originality/Value -- The results of these studies highlight the central role of the building of a shared problem representation. This representation appears mainly to result from cooperative activities during decision making processes which are strongly supported by the main system, ASTER, but also by a panel of other decision-support systems and non-computerized and more classical artefacts.
{"title":"Near real-time outbreak surveillance system for early warning as a JCS","authors":"L. Pellegrin, C. Gaudin, G. Texier, J. Meynard, H. Chaudet","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962311","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- This presentation introduces a near-real time outbreak surveillance system, ASTER, which assists physicians in the resolution the management of the outbreak early warning in French military deployment. Research approach. Our approach is to show that ASTER could be described as a joint cognitive system between actors belonging to a specific socio-technical network, a surveillance network and an artificial decision-supported system. Findings/Design -- Two simulations of an outbreak management have been set up. Observations of epidemiologists (analysis network) were conducted during simulated scenarii involving natural and intentional outbreaks within French Forces deployed for the first scenario, in Djibouti, and for the second one, in Tchad. Originality/Value -- The results of these studies highlight the central role of the building of a shared problem representation. This representation appears mainly to result from cooperative activities during decision making processes which are strongly supported by the main system, ASTER, but also by a panel of other decision-support systems and non-computerized and more classical artefacts.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124992924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Motivation -- To investigate the usefulness of subsegment matching (Concordance feature) in a Translation Memory interface and translators' attitudes to new UI developments around such matching. Research approach -- An explorative work-in-progress using eye tracking for translation conducted by professional translators, followed by an opinion survey. Findings/Design -- The results suggest that the Concordance window is useful for checking terminology and context, but there is some evidence that the translators do not wish to have this feature turned on constantly. Research limitations/Implications -- This is an initial work-in-progress study with a limited number of participants. Quantitative and qualitative results are presented. Originality/Value -- This is the first empirical research of its kind. Translators are rarely, if ever, consulted about the UI of the tools they have to use. Take away message -- The potential productivity and quality gain from sub-segment matches in Translation Memory is not fully realised and may be enhanced with improved UI design derived from focused research on user experience.
{"title":"Keeping an eye on the UI design of Translation Memory: how do translators use the \"Concordance\" feature?","authors":"Sharon O’Brien, Minako O’Hagan, Marian Flanagan","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962338","url":null,"abstract":"Motivation -- To investigate the usefulness of subsegment matching (Concordance feature) in a Translation Memory interface and translators' attitudes to new UI developments around such matching. Research approach -- An explorative work-in-progress using eye tracking for translation conducted by professional translators, followed by an opinion survey. Findings/Design -- The results suggest that the Concordance window is useful for checking terminology and context, but there is some evidence that the translators do not wish to have this feature turned on constantly. Research limitations/Implications -- This is an initial work-in-progress study with a limited number of participants. Quantitative and qualitative results are presented. Originality/Value -- This is the first empirical research of its kind. Translators are rarely, if ever, consulted about the UI of the tools they have to use. Take away message -- The potential productivity and quality gain from sub-segment matches in Translation Memory is not fully realised and may be enhanced with improved UI design derived from focused research on user experience.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121672215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andreea Niculescu, B. V. Dijk, A. Nijholt, See Swee Lan, Haizhou Li
Behavioral analysis has proven to be an important method to study human-robot interaction in real-life environments providing highly relevant insights for developing new theoretical and practical models of appropriate social robot design. In this paper we describe our approach to study human-robot interaction by combining human behavioral analysis with robot evaluation results. The approach is exemplified by a case study performed with a social robot receptionist in real-life settings. Our preliminary results are encouraging, as many behavior categories could be successfully related to certain evaluation patterns. With our analysis we hope to add a useful contribution to social-robotic design concerning user modeling issues and evaluation predictions.
{"title":"How humans behave and evaluate a social robot in real-environment settings","authors":"Andreea Niculescu, B. V. Dijk, A. Nijholt, See Swee Lan, Haizhou Li","doi":"10.1145/1962300.1962381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1962300.1962381","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral analysis has proven to be an important method to study human-robot interaction in real-life environments providing highly relevant insights for developing new theoretical and practical models of appropriate social robot design. In this paper we describe our approach to study human-robot interaction by combining human behavioral analysis with robot evaluation results. The approach is exemplified by a case study performed with a social robot receptionist in real-life settings. Our preliminary results are encouraging, as many behavior categories could be successfully related to certain evaluation patterns. With our analysis we hope to add a useful contribution to social-robotic design concerning user modeling issues and evaluation predictions.","PeriodicalId":115733,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 28th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115134638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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