Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

As the COVID-19 pandemic waned, Mycoplasma pneumoniae reemerged in the pediatric population in Ohio, USA. The rate of macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae fluctuated by month, ranging from 0 to 8.7%, and mirrored the azithromycin prescribing rate. Real-time surveillance for macrolide-resistant M. pneumoniae provides accurate information for management of children with these infections.

Phocine distemper virus caused epizootics of fatal pneumonia in North Sea harbor seals in 1988 and 2002. Two seals that stranded years later were infected with defective phocine distemper virus variants that caused severe encephalomyelitis. Old seal encephalitis resembled subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in humans and old dog encephalitis in canines.

Previous studies have documented an increased risk for thrombotic events 30 days after COVID-19 infection, but less is known about this risk beyond 30 days or compared with risk after other infectious acute respiratory illnesses (ARIs). By using PCORnet data from April 1, 2022-April 30, 2023, we compared the incidences of thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 illness with other ARI diagnoses in hospitalized and nonhospitalized patients. Overall, the risk for any thrombotic event was higher among patients with COVID-19 compared with patients with other ARIs (incidence ratio 1.63; p<0.05). Nonhospitalized patients with COVID-19 had a 73% increased risk for a thrombotic event in the year after acute illness compared with nonhospitalized patients with ARI (p<0.05). The increased risk for thrombotic events in the year after COVID-19 emphasizes the need for stroke awareness for patients and healthcare professionals.

Treatment of respiratory diphtheria requires prompt administration of equine diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) to neutralize circulating toxin. We conducted surveys of key procurement agencies and manufacturers currently engaged in DAT manufacturing or procurement, along with key informant interviews with developers of monoclonal antibodies. Our findings indicate that prices and availability of DAT vary and that prediction of demand is challenging for both manufacturers and procurement agencies. Substantial concerns were raised over the inability to obtain enough DAT to respond to increasing global outbreaks. Monoclonal antibody developers noted financial challenges in advancing their clinical and manufacturing progress.

Influenza D virus (IDV) is prevalent in cattle in China, and a risk for spillover to other species exists. We detected IDV antibodies in 6/315 of black donkeys in northern China, suggesting cattle-to-donkey transmission and demonstrating the expanding host range of IDV and the need for reassessment of cross-species transmission risks.

Classical scrapie affects sheep and goats. To control prevalence in sheep, the European Union initiated breeding programs targeting resilient genotypes. Although certain goat polymorphisms, such as Q₂₂₂K, are linked to resistance, specific breeding programs have not been implemented. Hemizygous transgenic mice carrying the goat K₂₂₂ cellular prion protein (PrP) allele (K₂₂₂-Tg516) exhibited resistance to several classical scrapie isolates. We inoculated homozygous K₂₂₂-Tg516 and Q₂₂₂-Tg501 mice with various scrapie isolates. Homozygous K₂₂₂-Tg516 mice reached the end of their lifespan without exhibiting clinical signs; we observed brain proteinase K-resistant PrP accumulation in those mice that was lower than in Q₂₂₂-Tg501 mice. Histologically, K₂₂₂-Tg516 brains lacked prion-related lesions, except for the presence of few isolated scrapie PrP plaques in cases of isolates highly adapted to the K₂₂₂-PrP^C environment. Our findings caution against including that polymorphism in breeding programs, because it could lead to emergence of asymptomatic silent prion carriers of classical scrapie among goat populations.

Using metatranscriptomics, we identified Trubanaman virus in cerebrospinal fluid from a severely immunocompromised man who died of encephalitis in Queensland, Australia. Virus sequences were related to orthobunyaviruses previously detected in mosquitoes in Australia. Testing for other causes yielded negative results, suggesting that Trubanaman virus was the cause of this fatal encephalitis case.

Sporadic cases of trombiculiasis have been reported as causing neurologic signs in dogs. We report a cluster of trombiculiasis cases (outbreak) in the province of Noord-Holland, the Netherlands, associated with Neotrombicula autumnalis mite infestation. Veterinarians should consider N. autumnalis infestation in differential diagnoses for acute onset neurologic signs in dogs.