Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

We quantified presumptive extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Citrobacter group colonies from wastewater in Basel, Switzerland, across 3 years to represent before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Wastewater surveillance might be a noninvasive, sensitive, rapid, and cost-effective instrument for early detection and monitoring local epidemiology.

Tsukamurella spp. are an infrequent and underdiagnosed cause of bacterial respiratory infection, usually occurring in patients with structural lung disease or immune compromise. We describe T. tyrosinosolvens respiratory infection in a patient in Australia without structural lung disease or known immune deficiency. The patient was successfully treated with oral ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin.

We detected neutralizing antibodies, viral RNA, and sialic acid receptors for Alphainfluenzavirus influenzae in urban coatis (Nasua nasua) in Brazil, suggesting exposure and susceptibility. We used hemagglutination inhibition, reverse transcription qualitative PCR, and immunohistochemistry for detection. Increased epidemiologic wildlife surveillance would improve influenza A emergency event response.

Buruli ulcer (BU) is a rare, neglected tropical disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that can lead to severe skin ulcers. To determine the epidemiology of BU in Victoria, Australia, during 2017–2022 we analyzed surveillance data. A total of 1,751 cases of BU were notified; 968 (55%) patients were male and 781 (45%) female (2 were missing sex data), and 984 (56%) resided in established BU-endemic areas, although an increasing number were in new BU-endemic areas. Most cases (83%, 1,301) were classified as category I. Multivariate modeling demonstrated that factors for severe BU included being male, being older, and living in a new BU-endemic or non–BU-endemic area. A relatively shorter interval between first visit to a clinician and receipt of diagnosis was protective against severe disease. The expansion of BU-endemic areas throughout Victoria remains a public health concern and calls for targeted action, particularly for patients and clinicians in new BU-endemic areas.

After detection of 2 clinical lymphatic filariasis (LF) cases in a postelimination context in 2023 on the island of Futuna (Wallis and Futuna archipelago), the Wallis and Futuna Health Agency conducted a LF prevalence survey in Futuna in May 2024. This cross-sectional study, carried out among schoolchildren <18 years of age, identified 5 children with antigenemia, indicating an estimated antigenemia prevalence in Futuna children nearing 2%. The study also confirmed a spatial cluster of cases in the village of Taoa, where the child antigenemia prevalence reached 7.5% (95% CI 2.1%–18.2%), and demonstrated a link between infection and traditional housing. We observed microfilariae in contact cases during secondary investigations. These findings suggest resurgence of LF in a postelimination context, in which the expected child antigenemia prevalence should not exceed 1%. This situation should prompt a new mass drug administration campaign using triple therapy and the reinforcement of epidemiologic and entomologic surveillance.

We identified 2 novel species, Mycobacterium novusgordonae and M. shingordonae, from sputum specimens of pulmonary disease patients in Japan. Genetic and biochemical analyses revealed a close relationship with M. paragordonae. One M. shingordonae case-patient experienced severe progressive infection, highlighting the variation in pathogenicity of the M. gordonae clade species.

Sarcocystis is a genus of protozoan parasites that can infect various vertebrates. In humans, Sarcocystis infection usually is asymptomatic but might manifest as a mild gastroenteritis or extraintestinal myositis. We report a case of human central nervous system infection in Norway caused by S. nesbitti parasites.

Two unvaccinated infants residing in the same borough of New York, New York, USA, had Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis develop 1 year apart. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed the isolates shared a previously undescribed multilocus sequence type and were more closely related to each other than to other sequenced strains.

We explored the role of commensal Neisseria in the emergence of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant N. meningitidis. Cefotaxime resistance–conferring penA795 was prevalent among commensal Neisseria isolates in Shanghai, China, and was acquired by a serogroup C quinolone-resistant sequence type 4821 N. meningitidis, Nm507, causing fulminant meningitis in an unvaccinated 2-year-old child.