Emerging Infectious Diseases最新文献

During 2023-2024, we detected rat hepatitis E virus in 67.7% of wastewater samples from central Argentina. This high level of detection opens new inquiries in the region, highlighting the need to investigate the virus in both animal reservoirs and humans, with a focus on hepatitis cases of unknown etiology.

We evaluated the efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 detection from patient respiratory specimens by comparing 3 cell lines: Vero E6, Vero E6 expressing transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 T2), and Vero E6 expressing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (Vero E6 A2T2). We compared a range of sample types, clinical conditions, and real-time reverse transcription PCR cycle threshold values. Vero E6 A2T2 exhibited enhanced sensitivity by supporting efficient virus entry and replication with faster cytopathic effect. Vero E6 culture isolated infectious virus only up to 3 days after PCR confirmation but with Vero E6 A2T2 cells, culture occurred up to 7 days after confirmation. Whole-genome sequencing showed no evidence of adaptive mutations when Vero E6 A2T2 was used for viral culture, supporting use for downstream analyses. Optimized infectious virus detection systems are needed for research and clinical settings, particularly for high-risk, immunocompromised populations that produce virus longer and contribute to variant emergence.

We report the emergence and spread of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis type 27 (MT-27) macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis (MRBP) in Kobe, Japan, in 2025. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that MT27-MRBP did not originate from the widely circulating MT27 macrolide-sensitive B. pertussis in Japan but was closely related to MRBP in China.

Enhanced arboviral surveillance in Panama revealed an Oropouche virus case, 5 months before the 2025 national outbreak, in samples that tested negative for routinely screened arboviruses. Subsequent contact tracing identified an additional case of Punta Toro virus. Our findings highlight the importance of expanding diagnostic efforts to identify circulating arboviruses.

The emergence of a high-risk New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 14-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 147 clone is of public health concern because of its rapid international spread. We report cross-border emergence and rapid dissemination of that clone in the Canary Islands, Spain, during 2023-2025. We analyzed 30 isolates recovered during 2023 in detail by reviewing clinical and epidemiologic data, conducting whole-genome sequencing to assess clonal relatedness and analyze resistomes, and performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing of novel therapeutic options through reference broth microdilution. The isolates formed a well-defined cluster, with minimal genomic distance and identical resistomes, confirming the local outbreak. Those clones were also closely related to other international New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 14-producing K. pneumoniae sequence type 147 isolates, supporting the ongoing cross-border expansion of that clone. Aztreonam/avibactam was the most active therapeutic option (MICs <0.125 mg/L). Our findings highlight the need for close monitoring to prevent further dissemination of this clone.

Mycobacterium decipiens is a newly identified species with high genomic similarity to M. tuberculosis. We report a cutaneous M. decipiens infection in a patient in France who had inflammatory bowel disease being treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy. The infection was successfully treated with an oral antimicrobial regimen.

Diseases caused by henipaviruses, exemplified by Hendra virus and Nipah virus, pose a serious risk to public health because of their epidemic potential and high case-fatality rates and the paucity of medical countermeasures to mitigate them. In December 2024, a group of 150 scientists from 16 countries convened in Geelong, Victoria, Australia, to mark the 30th anniversary of the discovery of Hendra virus. The Hendra@30 conference built upon its predecessor conference held in 2019 in Singapore, Nipah@20, by expanding its program across broader disciplines and integrating sessions on human sociology and disease ecology into the main scientific discussions. We describe key highlights from Hendra@30 and reflect on 4 key elements that have advanced henipavirus research and medical countermeasures research and development. We propose that integrating bat ecology into henipavirus research blueprints will enable development of ecologic countermeasures that prevent spillover and will complement existing preparedness and response efforts with evidence-based prevention strategies.

Group A Streptococcus (GAS) causes a variety of diseases in humans but is not widely appreciated as a cause of meningitis. During 1997-2022, ten sites participating in the Active Bacterial Core Surveillance network in the United States identified GAS meningitis cases. We calculated annual incidence and case-fatality rates (CFRs) for 320 of those cases and determined antimicrobial resistance by whole-genome sequencing. Annual incidence of GAS meningitis ranged from 0.02 to 0.07 cases/100,000 persons. Children <1 year of age had the highest average annual incidence, 0.23 cases/100,000 children. GAS meningitis had a higher CFR (19.4%) than meningitis caused by group B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, or Haemophilus influenzae. Clindamycin resistance among GAS meningitis isolates increased from 3.2% during 1997-2002 to 17.7% during 2018-2022. Clinicians should be aware that meningitis is an uncommon but severe manifestation of invasive GAS and has a higher CFR than more established meningitis etiologies.