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Identification of specific neutralizing antibodies for highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 2.3.4.4b clades to facilitate vaccine design and therapeutics. 鉴定高致病性禽流感 H5 2.3.4.4b 支系的特异性中和抗体,以促进疫苗设计和治疗。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-22 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2302106
Bao Tuan Duong, Seon Ju Yeo, Hyun Park

The highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 2.3.4.4 and 2.3.2.1c subclades have distinct antigenic properties and are responsible for the majority of human infections. Therefore, it is essential to understand the processes by which antibodies inhibit these subclade viruses to develop effective therapies and vaccines to prevent their escape from neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we report the epitopes of two specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting haemagglutinin (HA) of the H5 2.3.4.4b subclade and their neutralizing abilities. The results indicated that the two mAbs provided specific protection against the H5 2.3.4.4b clade viral challenge in MDCK cells and mouse models. Through epitope identification and docking studies, we showed that these novel sites (which are located near the 130-loop (S136, T143) and 190-helix (N199, N205) of HA receptor-binding sites that contribute to the binding affinity of neutralizing mAbs and six residues of the complementarity-determining regions) can be targeted to generate antibodies with enhanced cross-neutralization. This can also help in understanding escape mutations that differ among the H5 2.3.4.4b, h, and 2.3.2.1c subclades. These results provide specific information to facilitate future vaccine design and therapeutics for both subclade viruses, which are dominant and pose a serious threat to humans.

高致病性禽流感 H5 2.3.4.4 和 2.3.2.1c 亚支系具有不同的抗原特性,是造成大多数人类感染的原因。因此,必须了解抗体抑制这些亚支系病毒的过程,以开发有效的疗法和疫苗,防止它们逃脱中和抗体的作用。在此,我们报告了针对 H5 2.3.4.4b 亚种血凝素(HA)的两种特异性单克隆抗体(mAbs)的表位及其中和能力。结果表明,这两种 mAbs 在 MDCK 细胞和小鼠模型中对 H5 2.3.4.4b 支系病毒挑战提供了特异性保护。通过表位识别和对接研究,我们发现这些新位点(位于HA受体结合位点的130环(S136,T143)和190螺旋(N199,N205)附近,有助于中和mAbs的结合亲和力,以及互补性决定区的六个残基)可以作为靶点,产生具有更强交叉中和能力的抗体。这也有助于了解 H5 2.3.4.4b、h 和 2.3.2.1c 亚支系之间不同的逃逸突变。这些结果提供了具体信息,有助于未来针对这两个亚支系病毒设计疫苗和疗法,因为这两个亚支系病毒都是优势病毒,对人类构成严重威胁。
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引用次数: 0
Structural insights into alterations in the substrate spectrum of serine-β-lactamase OXA-10 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by single amino acid substitutions. 通过单个氨基酸替代改变铜绿假单胞菌丝氨酸-β-内酰胺酶 OXA-10 底物谱的结构见解
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412631
Chae-Eun Lee, Yoonsik Park, Hyunjae Park, Kiwoong Kwak, Hyeonmin Lee, Jiwon Yun, Donghyun Lee, Jung Hun Lee, Sang Hee Lee, Lin-Woo Kang

The extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics has led to significant resistance, primarily due to hydrolysis by β-lactamases. OXA class D β-lactamases can hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, rendering many treatments ineffective. We investigated the effects of single amino acid substitutions in OXA-10 on its substrate spectrum. Broad-spectrum variants with point mutations were searched and biochemically verified. Three key residues, G157D, A124T, and N73S, were confirmed in the variants, and their crystal structures were determined. Based on an enzyme kinetics study, the hydrolytic activity against broad-spectrum cephalosporins, particularly ceftazidime, was significantly enhanced by the G157D mutation in loop 2. The A124T or N73S mutation close to loop 2 also resulted in higher ceftazidime activity. All structures of variants with point mutations in loop 2 or nearby exhibited increased loop 2 flexibility, which facilitated the binding of ceftazidime. These results highlight the effect of a single amino acid substitution in OXA-10 on broad-spectrum drug resistance. Structure-activity relationship studies will help us understand the drug resistance spectrum of β-lactamases, enhance the effectiveness of existing β-lactam antibiotics, and develop new drugs.

β-内酰胺类抗生素的广泛使用导致了严重的抗药性,这主要是由于β-内酰胺酶的水解作用造成的。OXA D类β-内酰胺酶可水解多种β-内酰胺类抗生素,使许多治疗方法失效。我们研究了 OXA-10 中单个氨基酸取代对其底物谱的影响。我们搜索了具有点突变的广谱变体,并对其进行了生物化学验证。确认了变体中的三个关键残基 G157D、A124T 和 N73S,并确定了它们的晶体结构。根据酶动力学研究,环 2 中的 G157D 突变显著增强了对广谱头孢菌素(尤其是头孢他啶)的水解活性。靠近环 2 的 A124T 或 N73S 突变也会提高头孢他啶的活性。所有在环路 2 或附近发生点突变的变体结构都显示环路 2 的灵活性增加,这有利于头孢他啶的结合。这些结果突显了 OXA-10 单个氨基酸替换对广谱耐药性的影响。结构-活性关系研究将有助于我们了解β-内酰胺酶的耐药谱,提高现有β-内酰胺类抗生素的有效性,并开发新的药物。
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引用次数: 0
The C-terminal amino acid motifs of NS1 protein affect the replication and virulence of naturally NS-truncated H1N1 canine influenza virus. NS1 蛋白的 C 端氨基酸基团影响天然 NS 截短的 H1N1 犬流感病毒的复制和毒力。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2400546
Pingping Wang, Jianing Guo, Yefan Zhou, Min Zhu, Senbiao Fang, Fanyuan Sun, Chongqiang Huang, Yaohui Zhu, Huabo Zhou, Boyu Pan, Yifeng Qin, Kang Ouyang, Zuzhang Wei, Weijian Huang, Adolfo García-Sastre, Ying Chen

The vast majority of data obtained from sequence analysis of influenza A viruses (IAVs) have revealed that nonstructural 1 (NS1) proteins from H1N1 swine, H3N8 equine, H3N2 avian and the correspondent subtypes from dogs have a conserved four C-terminal amino acid motif when independent cross-species transmission occurs between these species. To test the influence of the C-terminal amino acid motifs of NS1 protein on the replication and virulence of IAVs, we systematically generated 7 recombinants, which carried naturally truncated NS1 proteins, and their last four C-terminal residues were replaced with PEQK and SEQK (for H1N1), EPEV and KPEI (for H3N8) and ESEV and ESEI (for H3N2) IAVs. Another recombinant was generated by removing the C-terminal residues by reverse genetics. Remarkably, the ESEI and KPEI motifs circulating in canines largely contributed efficient replication in cultured cells and these had enhanced virulence. In contrast, the avian ESEV motif was only responsible for high pathogenicity in mice. We examined the effects of these motifs upon interferon (IFN) induction. The 7 mutant viruses replicated in vitro in an IFN-independent manner, and the canine SEQK motif was able to induced higher levels of IFN-β in human cell lines. These findings shed further new light on the role of the four C-terminal residues in replication and virulence of IAVs and suggest that these motifs can modulate viral replication in a species-specific manner.

摘要 从甲型流感病毒(IAVs)的序列分析中获得的绝大多数数据表明,当H1N1猪流感病毒、H3N8马流感病毒、H3N2禽流感病毒和狗流感病毒的相应亚型在这些物种之间发生独立的跨物种传播时,它们的非结构1(NS1)蛋白具有保守的4个C端氨基酸基团。为了检验 NS1 蛋白 C 端氨基酸基团对 IAV 复制和毒力的影响,我们系统地产生了 7 个重组体,它们携带天然截短的 NS1 蛋白,其最后 4 个 C 端残基分别被 IAV 的 PEQK 和 SEQK(针对 H1N1)、EPEV 和 KPEI(针对 H3N8)以及 ESEV 和 ESEI(针对 H3N2)取代。另一种重组体是通过反向遗传去除 C 端残基产生的。值得注意的是,在犬中流行的 ESEI 和 KPEI 基序在很大程度上有助于在培养细胞中的高效复制,而且这些基序具有更强的毒力。相比之下,禽类 ESEV 基因只对小鼠具有高致病性。我们研究了这些基序对干扰素(IFN)诱导的影响。这 7 种突变病毒在体外以不依赖 IFN 的方式进行复制,而犬 SEQK 基因能够在人类细胞系中诱导更高水平的 IFN-β。这些发现进一步揭示了四个 C 端残基在 IAV 复制和毒力中的作用,并表明这些基团能以物种特异性的方式调节病毒复制。
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits for sporadic listeriosis: a case-control study in China from 2013 to 2022. 与零星李斯特菌病的食品消费和食品处理习惯相关的风险因素:2013-2022年中国病例对照研究。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307520
Yanlin Niu, Weiwei Li, Biyao Xu, Wen Chen, Xiaojuan Qi, Yijing Zhou, Ping Fu, Xiaochen Ma, Yunchang Guo

The prevalence of listeriosis in China has been increasing in recent years. Listeriosis primarily spreads through contaminated food. However, the resilient causative organism, Listeria monocytogenes, and its extended incubation period pose challenges in identifying risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits for listeriosis in China. A matched case-control study (1:1 ratio) was conducted, which enrolled all eligible cases of listeriosis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022 in China. Basic information and possible risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits were collected. Overall, 359 patients were enrolled, including 208 perinatal and 151 non-perinatal cases. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyzes were performed for the perinatal group. For the perinatal and non-perinatal groups, ice cream and Chinese cold dishes were the high-risk foods for listeriosis (odds ratio (OR) 2.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.55; OR 3.17 95% CI: 1.29-7.81), respectively; consumption of leftovers and pet ownership were the high-risk food-handling habits (OR 1.92 95% CI: 1.03-3.59; OR 3.00 95% CI: 1.11-8.11), respectively. In both groups, separation of raw and cooked foods was a protective factor (OR 0.27 95% CI: 0.14-0.51; OR 0.35 95% CI: 0.14-0.89), while refrigerator cleaning reduced the infection risk by 64.94-70.41% only in the perinatal group. The identification of high-risk foods and food-handling habits for listeriosis is important for improving food safety guidelines for vulnerable populations.

近年来,李斯特菌病在中国的发病率呈上升趋势。李斯特菌病主要通过受污染的食物传播。然而,单核细胞增生李斯特菌的致病性较强,且潜伏期较长,这给确定与食品消费和食品处理习惯相关的风险因素带来了挑战。本研究旨在确定与中国李斯特菌病的食物消费和食物处理习惯相关的风险因素。研究采用匹配病例对照研究(1:1比例)的方法,纳入了2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间中国所有符合条件的李斯特菌病病例。研究收集了患者的基本信息以及与食物消费和食物处理习惯相关的可能风险因素。共登记了359例患者,包括208例围产期病例和151例非围产期病例。对围产期组进行了单变量和多变量逻辑分析。在围产期组和非围产期组中,冰淇淋和中式凉菜分别是李斯特菌病的高危食物(几率比(OR)2.09 95%置信区间(CI):1.23-3.55;OR 3.17 95% CI:1.29-7.81);食用剩菜剩饭和饲养宠物分别是高危食物处理习惯(OR 1.92 95% CI:1.03-3.59;OR 3.00 95% CI:1.11-8.11)。在两组人群中,生熟食物分开是一个保护因素(OR 0.27 95% CI:0.14-0.51;OR 0.35 95% CI:0.14-0.89),而冰箱清洁仅在围产期组将感染风险降低了 64.94-70.41%。确定李斯特菌病的高风险食物和食物处理习惯对于改进针对易感人群的食品安全指南非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance. 中国的 ESKAPE:流行病学和抗生素耐药性特征。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915
Qixia Luo, Ping Lu, Yunbo Chen, Ping Shen, Beiwen Zheng, Jinru Ji, Chaoqun Ying, Zhiying Liu, Yonghong Xiao

The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies. Despite the introduction of various new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as innovative β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to pose substantial therapeutic challenges. People's Republic of China, as a country facing a severe bacterial resistance situation, has undergone a series of changes and findings in recent years in terms of the prevalence, transmission characteristics and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The increasing levels of population mobility have not only shaped the unique characteristics of antibiotic resistance prevalence and transmission within People's Republic of China but have also indirectly reflected global patterns of antibiotic-resistant dissemination. What's more, as a vast nation, People's Republic of China exhibits significant variations in the levels of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria across different provinces and regions. In this review, we examine the current epidemiology and characteristics of this important group of bacterial pathogens, delving into relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that impact their clinical utility in China.

抗生素耐药性的升级和抗菌药物渠道的减少已成为公共卫生的重大威胁。ESKAPE 病原体包括粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属,它们最初被认定为关键的多重耐药细菌,急需有效的治疗方法。尽管引入了各种新型抗生素和抗生素辅助剂,如创新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,但这些细菌仍给治疗带来巨大挑战。中国作为细菌耐药形势严峻的国家,近年来在耐药菌的流行、传播特点和耐药机制等方面发生了一系列变化和发现。人口流动水平的不断提高,不仅形成了中国国内抗生素耐药流行和传播的独特特点,也间接反映了全球抗生素耐药传播的规律。此外,中国幅员辽阔,不同省份和地区的抗生素耐药水平和耐药菌流行特征差异显著。在这篇综述中,我们研究了这一重要细菌病原体群体的流行病学现状和特点,深入探讨了对新近引入的抗生素产生耐药性并影响其在中国临床应用的相关机制。
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引用次数: 0
AMXT-1501 targets membrane phospholipids against Gram-positive and -negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. AMXT-1501 以膜磷脂为靶标,可对抗革兰氏阳性和阴性多重耐药菌。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321981
Jinxin Zheng, Xiaoju Liu, Yanpeng Xiong, Qingyin Meng, Peiyu Li, Fan Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Zhiwei Lin, Qiwen Deng, Zewen Wen, Zhijian Yu

The rapid proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to healthcare worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacteriaceae, which have near-universal resistance to available antimicrobials, represent a particularly concerning issue. Herein, we report the identification of AMXT-1501, a polyamine transport system inhibitor with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative MDR bacteria. We observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50/MIC90 values for AMXT-1501 in the range of 3.13-12.5 μM (2.24-8.93 μg /mL), including for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), CR Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AMXT-1501 was more effective against MRSA and CR E. coli than vancomycin and tigecycline, respectively. Subinhibitory concentrations of AMXT-1501 reduced the biofilm formation of S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Mechanistically, AMXT-1501 exposure damaged microbial membranes and increased membrane permeability and membrane potential by binding to cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Importantly, AMXT-1501 pressure did not induce resistance readily in the tested pathogens.

耐多药(MDR)细菌病原体的迅速扩散对全球医疗保健构成了严重威胁。耐碳青霉烯类(CR)肠杆菌科细菌对现有抗菌药物几乎具有普遍耐药性,是一个特别令人担忧的问题。在此,我们报告了对革兰氏阳性和阴性 MDR 细菌具有抗菌活性的多胺转运系统抑制剂 AMXT-1501的鉴定结果。我们观察到 AMXT-1501 的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)50/MIC90 值范围为 3.13-12.5 μM(2.24-8.93 μg /mL),包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、CR 大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌。与万古霉素和替加环素相比,AMXT-1501 对 MRSA 和 CR 大肠杆菌分别更有效。亚抑制浓度的 AMXT-1501 可减少金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌生物膜的形成。从机理上讲,AMXT-1501 暴露会破坏微生物膜,并通过与心磷脂(CL)和磷脂酰甘油(PG)结合而增加膜渗透性和膜电位。重要的是,AMXT-1501 的压力不会轻易诱导受试病原体产生抗药性。
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引用次数: 0
H7N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mozambique, 2023. 2023 年莫桑比克的 H7N6 高致病性禽流感。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321993
Iolanda Vieira Anahory Monjane, Hernâni Djedje, Esmeralda Tamele, Virgínia Nhabomba, Almiro Rogério Tivane, Zacarias Elias Massicame, Dercília Mudanisse Arone, Ambra Pastori, Alessio Bortolami, Isabella Monne, Timothy Woma, Charles E Lamien, William G Dundon

On 13 October 2023, the National Directorate for Livestock Development in Mozambique was notified of a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in commercial layers. Samples were screened by real-time and conventional RT-PCR and were positive for both H7 and N6. Full genome sequences were obtained for three representative samples. Sequence analysis of the H7 cleavage site confirmed that the viruses were highly pathogenic (i.e. 333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346). In addition, the H7 and N6 sequences were highly similar (from 99.4-99.5% and 99.6-99.7% for the HA gene and the NA gene, respectively) to the sequences of a H7N6 virus identified in the Republic of South Africa in May 2023 indicating a similar origin of the viruses. The identification of H7N6 HPAIV in Mozambique has important implications for disease management and food security in the region.

2023 年 10 月 13 日,莫桑比克国家畜牧业发展局接到通知,商业蛋鸡疑似爆发禽流感。通过实时和传统 RT-PCR 对样本进行了筛查,结果显示 H7 和 N6 均呈阳性。获得了三个代表性样本的全基因组序列。对H7裂解位点的序列分析证实,这些病毒具有高致病性(即333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346)。此外,H7 和 N6 序列与 2023 年 5 月在南非共和国发现的 H7N6 病毒序列高度相似(HA 基因和 NA 基因的相似度分别为 99.4-99.5% 和 99.6-99.7%),表明病毒来源相似。在莫桑比克发现 H7N6 高致病性禽流感病毒对该地区的疾病管理和粮食安全具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Correction. 更正。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2324415
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引用次数: 0
A long-term stable cold-chain-friendly HIV mRNA vaccine encoding multi-epitope viral protease cleavage site immunogens inducing immunogen-specific protective T cell immunity. 长期稳定的冷链友好型 HIV mRNA 疫苗,编码多表位病毒蛋白酶裂解位点免疫原,诱导免疫原特异性保护性 T 细胞免疫。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2377606
Subhra Mandal, Jayadri Sekhar Ghosh, Saroj Chandra Lohani, Miaoyun Zhao, Yilun Cheng, Rachel Burrack, Ma Luo, Qingsheng Li

The lack of success in clinical trials for HIV vaccines highlights the need to explore novel strategies for vaccine development. Research on highly exposed seronegative (HESN) HIV-resistant Kenyan female sex workers revealed naturally protective immunity is correlated with a focused immune response mediated by virus-specific CD8 T cells. Further studies indicated that the immune response is unconventionally focused on highly conserved sequences around HIV viral protease cleavage sites (VPCS). Thus, taking an unconventional approach to HIV vaccine development, we designed lipid nanoparticles loaded with mRNA that encodes multi-epitopes of VPCS (MEVPCS-mRNA LNP), a strategic design to boost antigen presentation by dendritic cells, promoting effective cellular immunity. Furthermore, we developed a novel cold-chain compatible mRNA LNP formulation, ensuring long-term stability and compatibility with cold-chain storage/transport, widening accessibility of mRNA LNP vaccine in low-income countries. The in-vivo mouse study demonstrated that the vaccinated group generated VPCS-specific CD8 memory T cells, both systemically and at mucosal sites of viral entry. The MEVPCS-mRNA LNP vaccine-induced CD8 T cell immunity closely resembled that of the HESN group and displayed a polyfunctional profile. Notably, it induced minimal to no activation of CD4 T cells. This proof-of-concept study underscores the potential of the MEVPCS-mRNA LNP vaccine in eliciting CD8 T cell memory specific to the highly conserved multiple VPCS, consequently having a broad coverage in human populations and limiting viral escape mutation. The MEVPCS-mRNA LNP vaccine holds promise as a candidate for an effective prophylactic HIV vaccine.

摘要 艾滋病疫苗临床试验缺乏成功案例,这凸显了探索新型疫苗开发战略的必要性。对高度暴露的血清阴性(HESN)HIV 抗药性肯尼亚女性性工作者的研究表明,自然保护性免疫与病毒特异性 CD8 T 细胞介导的集中免疫反应有关。进一步的研究表明,这种免疫反应非常规地集中在 HIV 病毒蛋白酶裂解位点(VPCS)周围的高度保守序列上。因此,我们采用了一种非常规的方法来开发艾滋病毒疫苗,设计出了装载有编码多表位 VPCS 的 mRNA 的脂质纳米颗粒(MEVPCS-mRNA LNP),这种战略性设计可促进树突状细胞的抗原呈递,从而促进有效的细胞免疫。此外,我们还开发了一种新型冷链兼容 mRNA LNP 制剂,确保其长期稳定性和冷链储存/运输兼容性,扩大了低收入国家对 mRNA LNP 疫苗的可及性。小鼠体内研究表明,接种组在全身和病毒进入的粘膜部位都产生了VPCS特异性CD8记忆T细胞。MEVPCS-mRNA LNP 疫苗诱导的 CD8 T 细胞免疫与 HESN 组非常相似,并显示出多功能特征。值得注意的是,它诱导的 CD4 T 细胞活化极少甚至没有。这项概念验证研究强调了 MEVPCS-mRNA LNP 疫苗在激发 CD8 T 细胞对高度保守的多重 VPCS 的特异性记忆方面的潜力,从而在人群中具有广泛的覆盖面并限制病毒逃逸突变。MEVPCS-mRNA LNP 疫苗有望成为有效的预防性艾滋病疫苗的候选产品。
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引用次数: 0
Viral strategies to antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity: an indispensable research direction for emerging virus-host interactions. 病毒拮抗宿主抗病毒先天免疫的策略:新出现的病毒-宿主相互作用不可或缺的研究方向。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2341144
Na Chen, Jiayu Jin, Baoge Zhang, Qi Meng, Yuanlu Lu, Bing Liang, Lulu Deng, Bingchen Qiao, Lucheng Zheng

The public's health is gravely at risk due to the current global outbreak of emerging viruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2 and MPXV. Recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 mutants (such as Omicron) exhibit a higher capability to antagonize the host innate immunity, increasing their human adaptability and transmissibility. Furthermore, current studies on the strategies for MPXV to antagonize the host innate immunity are still in the initial stages. These multiple threats from emerging viruses make it urgent to study emerging virus-host interactions, especially the viral antagonism of host antiviral innate immunity. Given this, we selected several representative viruses that significantly threatened human public health and interpreted the multiple strategies for these viruses to antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity, hoping to provide ideas for molecular mechanism research that emerging viruses antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity and accelerate the research progress. The IAV, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, EBOV, DENV, ZIKV, and HIV are some of the typical viruses. Studies have shown that viruses could antagonize the host antiviral innate immunity by directly or indirectly blocking antiviral innate immune signaling pathways. Proviral host factors, host restriction factors, and ncRNAs (microRNAs, lncRNAs, circRNAs, and vtRNAs) are essential in indirectly blocking antiviral innate immune signaling pathways. Furthermore, via controlling apoptosis, ER stress, stress granule formation, and metabolic pathways, viruses may antagonize it. These regulatory mechanisms include transcriptional regulation, post-translational regulation, preventing complex formation, impeding nuclear translocation, cleavage, degradation, and epigenetic regulation.

由于当前全球爆发的新病毒,特别是 SARS-CoV-2 和 MPXV,公众的健康受到严重威胁。最近的研究表明,SARS-CoV-2 突变体(如 Omicron)具有更强的拮抗宿主先天免疫力的能力,从而提高了它们对人类的适应性和传播性。此外,目前关于 MPXV 拮抗宿主先天免疫力策略的研究仍处于初始阶段。新兴病毒带来的这些多重威胁使得研究新兴病毒与宿主的相互作用,特别是病毒拮抗宿主抗病毒先天免疫的情况变得十分迫切。有鉴于此,我们选取了几种严重威胁人类公共健康的代表性病毒,解读了这些病毒拮抗宿主抗病毒先天免疫的多种策略,希望能为新兴病毒拮抗宿主抗病毒先天免疫的分子机制研究提供思路,加快研究进展。IAV、SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV、MERS-CoV、EBOV、DENV、ZIKV 和 HIV 是其中的典型病毒。研究表明,病毒可以通过直接或间接阻断抗病毒先天免疫信号通路来拮抗宿主的抗病毒先天免疫。病毒的宿主因子、宿主限制因子和 ncRNA(microRNA、lncRNA、circRNA 和 vtRNA)是间接阻断抗病毒先天免疫信号通路的关键。此外,病毒还可能通过控制细胞凋亡、ER 应激、应激颗粒形成和代谢途径来拮抗它。这些调控机制包括转录调控、翻译后调控、防止复合物形成、阻碍核转运、裂解、降解和表观遗传调控。
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Emerging Microbes & Infections
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