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Characterizing HIV-1 transmission by genetic cluster analysis among newly diagnosed patients in the China-Myanmar border region from 2020 to 2023. 通过对 2020 年至 2023 年中缅边境地区新确诊患者的基因聚类分析,确定 HIV-1 传播的特征。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2409319
Huan Liu, Yichen Jin, Yuecheng Yang, Xing Duan, Yanfen Cao, Duo Shan, Chang Cai, Houlin Tang

Cluster analysis of HIV sequence can provide insights into viral transmission patterns in border regions. This study aims to illuminate the HIV-1 subtype distribution and transmission dynamics among newly diagnosed individuals in Dehong prefecture, a region along the China-Myanmar border. Among 948 participants with pol gene sequences, 36 HIV-1 subtypes were identified, with URFs (18.8%, 178/948) being the dominant strain, followed by CRF01_AE (18.5%, 175/948) and CRF07_BC (10.9%, 103/948). Additionally, 287 sequences (30.3%, 287/948) were grouped into 91 clusters, 31 of which contained both Chinese and Burmese individuals. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that men who have sex with men (MSM), CD4 + cell count of 200∼499, and 500 cells/μl and above, and CRF01_AE were risk factors for entering the network. Through the Chord diagram, we found frequent transmission relationships among heterosexual China male group, especially those over 35 years of age. Additionally, the correlation between heterosexual Myanmar female group and heterosexual China male group among cross-risk groups deserved to be emphasized. Furthermore, the network exhibited a growing trend over time, with the largest active transmission cluster identified in Ruili county. In conclusion, the HIV-1 subtype landscape in Dehong has become increasingly complex, and the region has faced risks of transmission from both domestic and international sources. Targeted intervention strategies should be implemented for MSM, heterosexual Chinese middle-aged and elderly men, and heterosexual Burmese young adults to mitigate these risks. These findings provided evidence-based insights for local government to formulate coordinated transnational intervention approaches.

通过对 HIV 序列进行聚类分析,可以深入了解边境地区的病毒传播模式。本研究旨在揭示中缅边境地区德宏州新确诊患者的 HIV-1 亚型分布和传播动态。在948名具有pol基因序列的参与者中,共鉴定出36种HIV-1亚型,其中URFs(18.8%,178/948)是优势株,其次是CRF01_AE(18.5%,175/948)和CRF07_BC(10.9%,103/948)。此外,287 个序列(30.3%,287/948)被分为 91 个群组,其中 31 个群组同时包含中国人和缅甸人。多变量逻辑回归表明,男男性行为者(MSM)、CD4 + 细胞计数为 200∼499 cells/μl 和 500 cells/μl 及以上以及 CRF01_AE 是进入网络的风险因素。通过和弦图,我们发现在中国男性异性恋群体中,尤其是 35 岁以上的男性群体中,传播关系非常频繁。此外,在交叉风险群体中,缅甸女性异性恋群体与中国男性异性恋群体之间的相关性也值得强调。此外,随着时间的推移,该网络呈现出增长趋势,其中瑞丽县是最大的活跃传播群。总之,德宏州的 HIV-1 亚型情况日益复杂,该地区面临着来自国内和国际的传播风险。应针对男男性行为者、中国中老年男性异性恋者和缅甸青壮年异性恋者实施有针对性的干预策略,以降低这些风险。这些研究结果为地方政府制定协调的跨国干预方法提供了基于证据的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Overexpression of blaSHV-12 caused by tandem amplification contributed to ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. 串联扩增引起的 blaSHV-12 过度表达导致了高病毒性和耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢他啶/阿维菌素的耐药性。
IF 5.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2426481
Chao Liu, Juan Yi, Ping Yang, Chunjing Du, Fan Jiang, Ming Lu, Pengcheng Du, Ning Shen

We identified a novel ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) resistance mechanism in endemic sequence type 11 hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a patient who had not been exposed CAZ/AVI. Overexpression of blaSHV-12 caused by tandem gene amplification contributed to CAZ/AVI resistance instead of the carriage of blaKPC-2. Enhanced genomic surveillance is essential to identify emerging variants.

摘要 我们在从一名未接触过CAZ/AVI的患者体内分离出的地方性序列11型高病毒性和耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌中发现了一种新型头孢他啶/阿维巴坦(CAZ/AVI)耐药机制。由串联基因扩增引起的 blaSHV-12 的过表达是导致 CAZ/AVI 耐药性的原因,而不是携带 blaKPC-2。加强基因组监测对于识别新出现的变异体至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Structural insights into alterations in the substrate spectrum of serine-β-lactamase OXA-10 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa by single amino acid substitutions. 通过单个氨基酸替代改变铜绿假单胞菌丝氨酸-β-内酰胺酶 OXA-10 底物谱的结构见解
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412631
Chae-Eun Lee, Yoonsik Park, Hyunjae Park, Kiwoong Kwak, Hyeonmin Lee, Jiwon Yun, Donghyun Lee, Jung Hun Lee, Sang Hee Lee, Lin-Woo Kang

The extensive use of β-lactam antibiotics has led to significant resistance, primarily due to hydrolysis by β-lactamases. OXA class D β-lactamases can hydrolyze a wide range of β-lactam antibiotics, rendering many treatments ineffective. We investigated the effects of single amino acid substitutions in OXA-10 on its substrate spectrum. Broad-spectrum variants with point mutations were searched and biochemically verified. Three key residues, G157D, A124T, and N73S, were confirmed in the variants, and their crystal structures were determined. Based on an enzyme kinetics study, the hydrolytic activity against broad-spectrum cephalosporins, particularly ceftazidime, was significantly enhanced by the G157D mutation in loop 2. The A124T or N73S mutation close to loop 2 also resulted in higher ceftazidime activity. All structures of variants with point mutations in loop 2 or nearby exhibited increased loop 2 flexibility, which facilitated the binding of ceftazidime. These results highlight the effect of a single amino acid substitution in OXA-10 on broad-spectrum drug resistance. Structure-activity relationship studies will help us understand the drug resistance spectrum of β-lactamases, enhance the effectiveness of existing β-lactam antibiotics, and develop new drugs.

β-内酰胺类抗生素的广泛使用导致了严重的抗药性,这主要是由于β-内酰胺酶的水解作用造成的。OXA D类β-内酰胺酶可水解多种β-内酰胺类抗生素,使许多治疗方法失效。我们研究了 OXA-10 中单个氨基酸取代对其底物谱的影响。我们搜索了具有点突变的广谱变体,并对其进行了生物化学验证。确认了变体中的三个关键残基 G157D、A124T 和 N73S,并确定了它们的晶体结构。根据酶动力学研究,环 2 中的 G157D 突变显著增强了对广谱头孢菌素(尤其是头孢他啶)的水解活性。靠近环 2 的 A124T 或 N73S 突变也会提高头孢他啶的活性。所有在环路 2 或附近发生点突变的变体结构都显示环路 2 的灵活性增加,这有利于头孢他啶的结合。这些结果突显了 OXA-10 单个氨基酸替换对广谱耐药性的影响。结构-活性关系研究将有助于我们了解β-内酰胺酶的耐药谱,提高现有β-内酰胺类抗生素的有效性,并开发新的药物。
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引用次数: 0
Prolonged Omicron-specific B cell maturation alleviates immune imprinting induced by SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine. 延长Omicron特异性B细胞成熟可缓解SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗诱导的免疫印迹。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412623
Ayijiang Yisimayi, Weiliang Song, Jing Wang, Fanchong Jian, Yuanling Yu, Xiaosu Chen, Yanli Xu, Ran An, Yao Wang, Jing Wang, Haiyan Sun, Peng Wang, Lingling Yu, Fei Shao, Ronghua Jin, Zhongyang Shen, Youchun Wang, Yunlong Cao

SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain-induced immune imprinting poses great challenges to updating vaccines for new variants. Studies showed that repeated Omicron exposures could override immune imprinting induced by inactivated vaccines but not mRNA vaccines, a disparity yet to be understood. Here, we analyzed the immune imprinting alleviation in inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) cohorts after a long-term period following breakthrough infections (BTI). We observed in CoronaVac-vaccinated individuals who experienced BA.5/BF.7 BTI, the proportion of Omicron-specific memory B cells (MBCs) substantially increased after an extended period post-Omicron BTI, with their antibodies displaying enhanced somatic hypermutation and neutralizing potency. Consequently, the neutralizing antibody epitope distribution encoded by MBCs post-BA.5/BF.7 BTI after prolonged maturation closely mirrors that in BA.5/BF.7-infected unvaccinated individuals. Together, these results indicate the activation and expansion of Omicron-specific naïve B cells generated by first-time Omicron exposure helped to alleviate CoronaVac-induced immune imprinting, and the absence of this process should have caused the persistent immune imprinting seen in mRNA vaccine recipients.

SARS-CoV-2 祖先毒株诱导的免疫印记对更新新变种的疫苗提出了巨大挑战。研究表明,重复暴露欧姆克隆可推翻灭活疫苗诱导的免疫印记,但不能推翻 mRNA 疫苗诱导的免疫印记,这一差异尚待了解。在这里,我们分析了灭活疫苗(CoronaVac)队列在突破性感染(BTI)后经过长期接触后的免疫印记缓解情况。我们观察到,在经历过 BA.5/BF.7 BTI 的接种过 CoronaVac 的个体中,奥米克龙特异性记忆 B 细胞(MBC)的比例在奥米克龙 BTI 后的较长时间内大幅增加,其抗体显示出增强的体细胞超突变和中和效力。因此,BA.5/BF.7 BTI 后的 MBCs 经过长期成熟后编码的中和抗体表位分布与 BA.5/BF.7 感染的未接种者的分布密切相关。总之,这些结果表明,首次接触奥米克龙所产生的奥米克龙特异性幼稚 B 细胞的激活和扩增有助于缓解 CoronaVac 诱导的免疫印记,而缺乏这一过程应该会导致 mRNA 疫苗接种者出现持续的免疫印记。
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引用次数: 0
Implications of accumulation of clonally expanded and senescent CD4+GNLY+ T cells in immunological non-responders of HIV-1 infection. 在 HIV-1 感染的免疫学非应答者体内积累克隆扩增和衰老的 CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞的意义。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2396868
Xiuhan Yang, Cheng Zhen, Huihuang Huang, Yanmei Jiao, Xing Fan, Chao Zhang, Jinwen Song, Songshan Wang, Chunbao Zhou, XinXin Yang, Jinhong Yuan, Jiyuan Zhang, Ruonan Xu, Fu-Sheng Wang

Increased CD4+GNLY+ T cells have been confirmed to be inversely associated with CD4+ T cell count in immunological non-responders (INRs), however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of CD4+GNLY+ T cells and their relationship with immune restoration. Single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell TCR sequencing, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the frequency, phenotypes, and function of CD4+GNLY+ T cells. Moreover, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect plasma cytokines production in patients. CD4+GNLY+ T cells were found to be highly clonally expanded, characterized by higher levels of cytotoxicity, senescence, P24, and HIV-1 DNA than CD4+GNLY- T cells. Additionally, the frequency of CD4+GNLY+ T cells increased after ART, and further increased in INRs, and were positively associated with the antiretroviral therapy duration in INR. Furthermore, increased IL-15 levels in INRs positively correlated with the frequency and senescence of CD4+GNLY+ T cells, suggesting that CD4+GNLY+ T cells may provide new insights for understanding the poor immune reconstitution of INRs. In conclusion, increased, highly clonally expanded, and senescent CD4+GNLY+ T cells may contribute to poor immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infection.

在免疫学无应答者(INRs)中,CD4 + GNLY+ T细胞的增加已被证实与CD4 + T细胞数量成反比关系,但其潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在阐明 CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞的特征及其与免疫恢复的关系。研究采用单细胞 RNA 测序、单细胞 TCR 测序和流式细胞术分析了 CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞的频率、表型和功能。此外,还采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者血浆细胞因子的产生。与 CD4 + GNLY- T 细胞相比,CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞高度克隆扩增,细胞毒性、衰老、P24 和 HIV-1 DNA 水平较高。此外,抗逆转录病毒疗法后,CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞的频率增加,在 INR 中进一步增加,并且与 INR 的抗逆转录病毒疗法持续时间呈正相关。此外,INRs 中 IL-15 水平的增加与 CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞的频率和衰老呈正相关,这表明 CD4 + GNLY+ T 细胞可为了解 INRs 免疫重建不良提供新的见解。总之,CD4 + GNLY+T细胞的增加、高度克隆扩增和衰老可能是导致HIV-1感染免疫重建不良的原因。
{"title":"Implications of accumulation of clonally expanded and senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells in immunological non-responders of HIV-1 infection.","authors":"Xiuhan Yang, Cheng Zhen, Huihuang Huang, Yanmei Jiao, Xing Fan, Chao Zhang, Jinwen Song, Songshan Wang, Chunbao Zhou, XinXin Yang, Jinhong Yuan, Jiyuan Zhang, Ruonan Xu, Fu-Sheng Wang","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396868","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396868","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Increased CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells have been confirmed to be inversely associated with CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell count in immunological non-responders (INRs), however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells and their relationship with immune restoration. Single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell TCR sequencing, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the frequency, phenotypes, and function of CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells. Moreover, Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect plasma cytokines production in patients. CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells were found to be highly clonally expanded, characterized by higher levels of cytotoxicity, senescence, P24, and HIV-1 DNA than CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>-</sup> T cells. Additionally, the frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells increased after ART, and further increased in INRs, and were positively associated with the antiretroviral therapy duration in INR. Furthermore, increased IL-15 levels in INRs positively correlated with the frequency and senescence of CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells, suggesting that CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells may provide new insights for understanding the poor immune reconstitution of INRs. In conclusion, increased, highly clonally expanded, and senescent CD4<sup>+</sup>GNLY<sup>+</sup> T cells may contribute to poor immune reconstitution in HIV-1 infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":" ","pages":"2396868"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142139637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of outbreak persistence caused by multidrug-resistant and echinocandin-resistant Candida parapsilosis using multidimensional experimental and epidemiological approaches. 利用多维实验和流行病学方法评估耐多药和耐棘白菌素念珠菌引起的疫情爆发的持续性。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2322655
Farnaz Daneshnia, Daniel J Floyd, Adam P Ryan, Pegah Mosharaf Ghahfarokhy, Arefeh Ebadati, Sebastian Jusuf, Julieta Munoz, Nathan Elias Jeffries, Emma Elizabeth Yvanovich, Anna Apostolopoulou, Austin M Perry, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Asuman Birinci, Süleyha Hilmioğlu-Polat, Macit Ilkit, Geraldine Butler, Clarissa J Nobile, Amir Arastehfar, Michael K Mansour

Candida parapsilosis is known to cause severe and persistent outbreaks in clinical settings. Patients infected with multidrug-resistant C. parapsilosis (MDR Cp) isolates were identified in a large Turkish hospital from 2017-2020. We subsequently identified three additional patients infected with MDR Cp isolates in 2022 from the same hospital and two echinocandin-resistant (ECR) isolates from a single patient in another hospital. The increasing number of MDR and ECR isolates contradicts the general principle that the severe fitness cost associated with these phenotypes could prevent their dominance in clinical settings. Here, we employed a multidimensional approach to systematically assess the fitness costs of MDR and ECR C. parapsilosis isolates. Whole-genome sequencing revealed a novel MDR genotype infecting two patients in 2022. Despite severe in vitro defects, the levels and tolerances of the biofilms of our ECR and MDR isolates were generally comparable to those of susceptible wild-type isolates. Surprisingly, the MDR and ECR isolates showed major alterations in their cell wall components, and some of the MDR isolates consistently displayed increased tolerance to the fungicidal activities of primary human neutrophils and were more immunoevasive during exposure to primary human macrophages. Our systemic infection mouse model showed that MDR and ECR C. parapsilosis isolates had comparable fungal burden in most organs relative to susceptible isolates. Overall, we observed a notable increase in the genotypic diversity and frequency of MDR isolates and identified MDR and ECR isolates potentially capable of causing persistent outbreaks in the future.

众所周知,副丝状念珠菌会在临床环境中引起严重和持续的疫情爆发。2017-2020 年,土耳其一家大型医院发现了感染多重耐药副丝状念珠菌(MDR Cp)分离株的患者。随后,我们在 2022 年又从同一家医院发现了三名感染 MDR Cp 分离物的患者,并从另一家医院的一名患者身上发现了两个耐棘白菌素(ECR)分离物。MDR和ECR分离株数量的不断增加违背了一般原则,即与这些表型相关的严重健康成本会阻止它们在临床环境中占据主导地位。在这里,我们采用了一种多维方法来系统地评估 MDR 和 ECR 副丝虫分离株的适应性成本。全基因组测序发现了一种新型 MDR 基因型,该基因型在 2022 年感染了两名患者。尽管存在严重的体外缺陷,但我们的 ECR 和 MDR 分离物的生物膜水平和耐受性总体上与易感野生型分离物相当。令人惊讶的是,MDR 和 ECR 分离物的细胞壁成分发生了重大变化,一些 MDR 分离物对原代人类中性粒细胞杀真菌活性的耐受性持续增强,在暴露于原代人类巨噬细胞时免疫侵袭性更强。我们的全身感染小鼠模型显示,相对于易感分离株,MDR 和 ECR 副银屑病分离株在大多数器官中的真菌负担相当。总之,我们观察到 MDR 分离物的基因型多样性和频率明显增加,并确定了未来可能导致持续爆发的 MDR 和 ECR 分离物。
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引用次数: 0
Whole genome sequencing unravels cryptic circulation of divergent dengue virus lineages in the rainforest region of Nigeria. 全基因组测序揭示了尼日利亚热带雨林地区不同登革热病毒品系的隐秘循环。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307511
Bernard Anyebe Onoja, Judith Uche Oguzie, Uwem Etop George, Kaego Emmanuel Asoh, Philip Ajayi, Toluwanimi Faithful Omofaye, Imafidon Oluwatoyin Igeleke, Philomena Eromon, Soumare Harouna, Edyth Parker, Adekunle Johnson Adeniji, Christian T Happi

Dengue is often misclassified and underreported in Africa due to inaccurate differential diagnoses of nonspecific febrile illnesses such as malaria, sparsity of diagnostic testing and poor clinical and genomic surveillance. There are limited reports on the seroprevalence and genetic diversity of dengue virus (DENV) in humans and vectors in Nigeria. In this study, we investigated the epidemiology and genetic diversity of dengue in the rainforest region of Nigeria. We screened 515 febrile patients who tested negative for malaria and typhoid fever in three hospitals in Oyo and Ekiti States in southern Nigeria with a combination of anti-dengue IgG/IgM/NS1 rapid test kits and metagenomic sequencing. We found that approximately 28% of screened patients had previous DENV exposure, with the highest prevalence in persons over sixty. Approximately 8% of the patients showed evidence of recent or current infection, and 2.7% had acute infection. Following sequencing of sixty samples, we assembled twenty DENV-1 genomes (3 complete and 17 partial). We found that all assembled genomes belonged to DENV-1 genotype III. Our phylogenetic analyses showed evidence of prolonged cryptic circulation of divergent DENV lineages in Oyo state. We were unable to resolve the source of DENV in Nigeria owing to limited sequencing data from the region. However, our sequences clustered closely with sequences in Tanzania and sequences reported in Chinese with travel history to Tanzania in 2019. This may reflect the wider unsampled bidirectional transmission of DENV-1 in Africa, which strongly emphasizes the importance of genomic surveillance in monitoring ongoing DENV transmission in Africa.

摘要 在非洲,由于对疟疾等非特异性发热疾病的鉴别诊断不准确、诊断测试稀缺以及临床和基因组监测不力,登革热常常被误诊和漏报。关于登革热病毒(DENV)在尼日利亚人类和病媒中的血清流行率和遗传多样性的报道十分有限。在这项研究中,我们调查了尼日利亚热带雨林地区登革热的流行病学和遗传多样性。我们采用抗登革热 IgG/IgM/NS1 快速检测试剂盒和元基因组测序相结合的方法,对尼日利亚南部奥约州和埃基蒂州三家医院中疟疾和伤寒检测呈阴性的 515 名发热患者进行了筛查。我们发现,在接受筛查的患者中,约 28% 曾接触过登革热病毒,其中六十岁以上人群的感染率最高。约 8% 的患者有近期或当前感染的迹象,2.7% 的患者有急性感染。对 60 份样本进行测序后,我们组装了 20 个 DENV-1 基因组(3 个完整基因组和 17 个部分基因组)。我们发现,所有组装的基因组都属于 DENV-1 基因型 III。我们的系统发生学分析表明,有证据表明不同的 DENV 系在奥约州长期隐性循环。由于该地区的测序数据有限,我们无法确定尼日利亚的 DENV 来源。然而,我们的测序结果与坦桑尼亚的测序结果以及2019年报告的有坦桑尼亚旅行史的中国人的测序结果密切相关。这可能反映了 DENV-1 在非洲更广泛的未采样双向传播,这有力地强调了基因组监测在监测非洲 DENV 传播中的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Herpes zoster mRNA vaccine induces superior vaccine immunity over licensed vaccine in mice and rhesus macaques. 带状疱疹 mRNA 疫苗在小鼠和猕猴体内诱导的疫苗免疫力优于许可疫苗。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309985
Lulu Huang, Tongyi Zhao, Weijun Zhao, Andong Shao, Huajun Zhao, Wenxuan Ma, Yingfei Gong, Xianhuan Zeng, Changzhen Weng, Lingling Bu, Zhenhua Di, Shiyu Sun, Qinsheng Dai, Minhui Sun, Limei Wang, Zhenguang Liu, Leilei Shi, Jiesen Hu, Shentong Fang, Cheng Zhang, Jian Zhang, Guan Wang, Karin Loré, Yong Yang, Ang Lin

Herpes zoster remains an important global health issue and mainly occurs in aged and immunocompromised individuals with an early exposure history to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Although the licensed vaccine Shingrix has remarkably high efficacy, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage urged the development of improved or novel VZV vaccines. In this study, we developed a novel VZV mRNA vaccine candidate (named as ZOSAL) containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding full-length glycoprotein E encapsulated in an ionizable lipid nanoparticle. In mice and rhesus macaques, ZOSAL demonstrated superior immunogenicity and safety in multiple aspects over Shingrix, especially in the induction of strong T-cell immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both ZOSAL and Shingrix could robustly activate innate immune compartments, especially Type-I IFN signalling and antigen processing/presentation. Multivariate correlation analysis further identified several early factors of innate compartments that can predict the magnitude of T-cell responses, which further increased our understanding of the mode of action of two different VZV vaccine modalities. Collectively, our data demonstrated the superiority of VZV mRNA vaccine over licensed subunit vaccine. The mRNA platform therefore holds prospects for further investigations in next-generation VZV vaccine development.

带状疱疹仍然是一个重要的全球健康问题,主要发生在有水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)早期接触史的老年人和免疫力低下的人身上。尽管已获许可的 Shingrix 疫苗疗效显著,但其不良的致反应性和日益增长的全球需求导致疫苗短缺,这促使人们开发改良型或新型 VZV 疫苗。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种新型 VZV mRNA 候选疫苗(命名为 ZOSAL),其中包含编码全长糖蛋白 E 的序列优化的 mRNA,封装在可离子化的脂质纳米颗粒中。在小鼠和猕猴体内,ZOSAL 在多个方面都表现出优于 Shingrix 的免疫原性和安全性,尤其是在诱导强大的 T 细胞免疫方面。转录组分析表明,ZOSAL 和 Shingrix 都能强有力地激活先天性免疫分区,尤其是 I 型 IFN 信号转导和抗原处理/递呈。多变量相关分析进一步确定了先天区系中可预测 T 细胞反应程度的几个早期因素,这进一步加深了我们对两种不同 VZV 疫苗作用模式的理解。总之,我们的数据证明了 VZV mRNA 疫苗优于已获许可的亚单位疫苗。因此,mRNA 平台在下一代 VZV 疫苗开发中具有进一步研究的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Correction. 更正。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-02 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2324415
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引用次数: 0
AMXT-1501 targets membrane phospholipids against Gram-positive and -negative multidrug-resistant bacteria. AMXT-1501 以膜磷脂为靶标,可对抗革兰氏阳性和阴性多重耐药菌。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321981
Jinxin Zheng, Xiaoju Liu, Yanpeng Xiong, Qingyin Meng, Peiyu Li, Fan Zhang, Xiaoming Liu, Zhiwei Lin, Qiwen Deng, Zewen Wen, Zhijian Yu

The rapid proliferation of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens poses a serious threat to healthcare worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant (CR) Enterobacteriaceae, which have near-universal resistance to available antimicrobials, represent a particularly concerning issue. Herein, we report the identification of AMXT-1501, a polyamine transport system inhibitor with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative MDR bacteria. We observed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50/MIC90 values for AMXT-1501 in the range of 3.13-12.5 μM (2.24-8.93 μg /mL), including for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), CR Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AMXT-1501 was more effective against MRSA and CR E. coli than vancomycin and tigecycline, respectively. Subinhibitory concentrations of AMXT-1501 reduced the biofilm formation of S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Mechanistically, AMXT-1501 exposure damaged microbial membranes and increased membrane permeability and membrane potential by binding to cardiolipin (CL) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). Importantly, AMXT-1501 pressure did not induce resistance readily in the tested pathogens.

耐多药(MDR)细菌病原体的迅速扩散对全球医疗保健构成了严重威胁。耐碳青霉烯类(CR)肠杆菌科细菌对现有抗菌药物几乎具有普遍耐药性,是一个特别令人担忧的问题。在此,我们报告了对革兰氏阳性和阴性 MDR 细菌具有抗菌活性的多胺转运系统抑制剂 AMXT-1501的鉴定结果。我们观察到 AMXT-1501 的最小抑菌浓度 (MIC)50/MIC90 值范围为 3.13-12.5 μM(2.24-8.93 μg /mL),包括耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)、CR 大肠埃希菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌。与万古霉素和替加环素相比,AMXT-1501 对 MRSA 和 CR 大肠杆菌分别更有效。亚抑制浓度的 AMXT-1501 可减少金黄色葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌生物膜的形成。从机理上讲,AMXT-1501 暴露会破坏微生物膜,并通过与心磷脂(CL)和磷脂酰甘油(PG)结合而增加膜渗透性和膜电位。重要的是,AMXT-1501 的压力不会轻易诱导受试病原体产生抗药性。
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Emerging Microbes & Infections
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