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H7N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza in Mozambique, 2023. 2023 年莫桑比克的 H7N6 高致病性禽流感。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2321993
Iolanda Vieira Anahory Monjane, Hernâni Djedje, Esmeralda Tamele, Virgínia Nhabomba, Almiro Rogério Tivane, Zacarias Elias Massicame, Dercília Mudanisse Arone, Ambra Pastori, Alessio Bortolami, Isabella Monne, Timothy Woma, Charles E Lamien, William G Dundon

On 13 October 2023, the National Directorate for Livestock Development in Mozambique was notified of a suspected outbreak of avian influenza in commercial layers. Samples were screened by real-time and conventional RT-PCR and were positive for both H7 and N6. Full genome sequences were obtained for three representative samples. Sequence analysis of the H7 cleavage site confirmed that the viruses were highly pathogenic (i.e. 333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346). In addition, the H7 and N6 sequences were highly similar (from 99.4-99.5% and 99.6-99.7% for the HA gene and the NA gene, respectively) to the sequences of a H7N6 virus identified in the Republic of South Africa in May 2023 indicating a similar origin of the viruses. The identification of H7N6 HPAIV in Mozambique has important implications for disease management and food security in the region.

2023 年 10 月 13 日,莫桑比克国家畜牧业发展局接到通知,商业蛋鸡疑似爆发禽流感。通过实时和传统 RT-PCR 对样本进行了筛查,结果显示 H7 和 N6 均呈阳性。获得了三个代表性样本的全基因组序列。对H7裂解位点的序列分析证实,这些病毒具有高致病性(即333- PEPPKGPRFRR/GLF-346)。此外,H7 和 N6 序列与 2023 年 5 月在南非共和国发现的 H7N6 病毒序列高度相似(HA 基因和 NA 基因的相似度分别为 99.4-99.5% 和 99.6-99.7%),表明病毒来源相似。在莫桑比克发现 H7N6 高致病性禽流感病毒对该地区的疾病管理和粮食安全具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
The structure of inactivated mature tick-borne encephalitis virus at 3.0 Å resolution. 分辨率为 3.0 Å 的灭活成熟蜱传脑炎病毒结构。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2313849
Evgeny B Pichkur, Mikhail F Vorovitch, Alla L Ivanova, Elena V Protopopova, Valery B Loktev, Dmitry I Osolodkin, Aydar A Ishmukhametov, Valeriya R Samygina

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a severe disease, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), that has a substantial epidemiological importance for Northern Eurasia. Between 10,000 and 15,000 TBE cases are registered annually despite the availability of effective formaldehyde-inactivated full-virion vaccines due to insufficient vaccination coverage, as well as sporadic cases of vaccine breakthrough. The development of improved vaccines would benefit from the atomic resolution structure of the antigen. Here we report the refined single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the inactivated mature TBEV vaccine strain Sofjin-Chumakov (Far-Eastern subtype) at a resolution of 3.0 Å. The increase of the resolution with respect to the previously published structures of TBEV strains Hypr and Kuutsalo-14 (European subtype) was reached due to improvement of the virus sample quality achieved by the optimized preparation methods. All the surface epitopes of TBEV were structurally conserved in the inactivated virions. ELISA studies with monoclonal antibodies supported the hypothesis of TBEV protein shell cross-linking upon inactivation with formaldehyde.

蜱传脑炎病毒(TBEV)会引起一种严重的疾病--蜱传脑炎(TBE),这种疾病在欧亚大陆北部具有重要的流行病学意义。尽管有有效的甲醛灭活全病毒疫苗,但由于疫苗接种覆盖率不足,每年仍有 10,000 到 15,000 例蜱传脑炎病例登记在册,而且还有零星的疫苗突破病例。抗原的原子分辨率结构将有利于改良疫苗的开发。与之前公布的 TBEV 毒株 Hypr 和 Kuutsalo-14(欧洲亚型)的结构相比,分辨率的提高得益于通过优化制备方法提高了病毒样本的质量。在灭活的病毒中,TBEV 的所有表面表位在结构上都保持一致。用单克隆抗体进行的 ELISA 研究支持了 TBEV 蛋白外壳在甲醛灭活后发生交联的假设。
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引用次数: 0
Tracing histoplasmosis genomic epidemiology and species occurrence across the USA. 追踪美国各地组织胞浆菌病基因组流行病学和物种发生情况。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2315960
Bernardo Guerra Tenório, Daniel R Kollath, Lalitha Gade, Anastasia P Litvintseva, Tom Chiller, Jeff S Jenness, Jason E Stajich, Daniel R Matute, Andrew S Hanzlicek, Bridget M Barker, Marcus de Melo Teixeira

ABSTRACTHistoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in North America frequently reported along the Ohio and Mississippi River Valleys, although autochthonous cases occur in non-endemic areas. In the United States, the disease is provoked by two genetically distinct clades of Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato, Histoplasma mississippiense (Nam1) and H. ohiense (Nam2). To bridge the molecular epidemiological gap, we genotyped 93 Histoplasma isolates (62 novel genomes) including clinical, environmental, and veterinarian samples from a broader geographical range by whole-genome sequencing, followed by evolutionary and species niche modelling analyses. We show that histoplasmosis is caused by two major lineages, H. ohiense and H. mississippiense; with sporadic cases caused by H. suramericanum in California and Texas. While H. ohiense is prevalent in eastern states, H. mississipiense was found to be prevalent in the central and western portions of the United States, but also geographically overlapping in some areas suggesting that these species might co-occur. Species Niche Modelling revealed that H. ohiense thrives in places with warmer and drier conditions, while H. mississippiense is endemic to areas with cooler temperatures and more precipitation. In addition, we predicted multiple areas of secondary contact zones where the two species co-occur, potentially facilitating gene exchange and hybridization. This study provides the most comprehensive understanding of the genomic epidemiology of histoplasmosis in the USA and lays a blueprint for the study of invasive fungal diseases.

摘要组织胞浆菌病是北美洲的一种地方性真菌病,经常报告发生在俄亥俄河和密西西比河流域,但在非流行地区也有自发病例。在美国,该病是由两种不同基因的荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma capsulatum sensu lato)引起的,即密西西比荚膜组织胞浆菌(Histoplasma mississippiense,Nam1)和奥希斯荚膜组织胞浆菌(H. ohiense,Nam2)。为了弥补分子流行病学上的差距,我们通过全基因组测序对 93 个组织胞浆菌分离株(62 个新基因组)进行了基因分型,包括来自更广泛地理范围的临床、环境和兽医样本,随后进行了进化和物种生态位建模分析。我们的研究表明,组织胞浆菌病由两个主要菌系引起:H. ohiense 和 H. mississippiense;在加利福尼亚州和得克萨斯州还有由 H. suramericanum 引起的零星病例。H.ohiense主要流行于美国东部各州,而H.mississipiense则主要流行于美国中部和西部地区,但在某些地区也有地理重叠,这表明这些物种可能同时存在。物种生态位建模显示,H. ohiense在温暖干燥的地方生长茂盛,而H. mississippiense则是气温较低、降水较多地区的特有物种。此外,我们还预测了两个物种共存的多个次级接触区,这可能会促进基因交流和杂交。这项研究最全面地了解了美国组织胞浆菌病的基因组流行病学,为研究入侵性真菌疾病奠定了蓝图。
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引用次数: 0
Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir. 孟加拉国高致病性禽流感病毒的系统动力学,确定家鸭为扩增宿主库。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268
Ariful Islam, Michelle Wille, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ashleigh F Porter, Mohammed Enayet Hosaain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Tahmina Shirin, Jonathan H Epstein, Marcel Klaassen

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (Corvus splendens). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.2.2, followed by clade 2.3.4.2 and 2.3.2.1 viruses in 2011. After the implementation of chicken vaccination in 2012, these viruses were mostly replaced by clade 2.3.2.1a viruses and more recently clade 2.3.4.4b and h viruses. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh to evaluate the role of major host species in the maintenance and evolution of HPAI H5Nx virus in Bangladesh and reveal the role of heavily impacted crows in virus epidemiology. Epizootic waves caused by HPAI H5N1 and H5N6 viruses amongst house crows occurred annually in winter. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis of clade 2.3.2.1a revealed frequent bidirectional viral transitions between domestic ducks, chickens, and house crows that was markedly skewed towards ducks; domestic ducks might be the source, or reservoir, of HPAI H5Nx in Bangladesh, as the number of viral transitions from ducks to chickens and house crows was by far more numerous than the other transitions. Our results suggest viral circulation in domestic birds despite vaccination, with crow epizootics acting as a sentinel. The vaccination strategy needs to be updated to use more effective vaccinations, assess vaccine efficacy, and extension of vaccination to domestic ducks, the key reservoir.

摘要 高致病性禽流感病毒 H5N1 于 2007 年首次在孟加拉国出现。尽管自 2012 年以来一直在鸡身上使用疫苗来控制高致病性禽流感,但高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒仍继续感染家禽和野鸟,导致家鸦(Corvus splendens)大量死亡。孟加拉国首次出现的高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒属于 2.2.2 支系,2011 年又出现了 2.3.4.2 支系和 2.3.2.1 支系病毒。2012 年实施鸡疫苗接种后,这些病毒大部分被 2.3.2.1a 支系病毒取代,最近又被 2.3.4.4b 和 h 支系病毒取代。在本研究中,我们重建了孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒的系统发育历史,以评估主要宿主物种在孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒的维持和进化中的作用,并揭示受严重影响的乌鸦在病毒流行病学中的作用。高致病性禽流感 H5N1 和 H5N6 病毒在家鸦中引起的流行潮每年冬季都会发生。对 2.3.2.1a 支系的贝叶斯系统动力学分析表明,家鸭、鸡和家鸦之间频繁的双向病毒转换明显偏向于家鸭;家鸭可能是孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 的源头或储库,因为从家鸭到鸡和家鸦的病毒转换次数远远多于其他转换。我们的研究结果表明,尽管接种了疫苗,病毒仍在家禽中传播,乌鸦疫情是一个哨点。疫苗接种策略需要更新,以使用更有效的疫苗,评估疫苗效力,并将疫苗接种范围扩大到家鸭--主要的病毒库。
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引用次数: 0
ESKAPE in China: epidemiology and characteristics of antibiotic resistance. 中国的 ESKAPE:流行病学和抗生素耐药性特征。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2317915
Qixia Luo, Ping Lu, Yunbo Chen, Ping Shen, Beiwen Zheng, Jinru Ji, Chaoqun Ying, Zhiying Liu, Yonghong Xiao

The escalation of antibiotic resistance and the diminishing antimicrobial pipeline have emerged as significant threats to public health. The ESKAPE pathogens - Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. - were initially identified as critical multidrug-resistant bacteria, demanding urgently effective therapies. Despite the introduction of various new antibiotics and antibiotic adjuvants, such as innovative β-lactamase inhibitors, these organisms continue to pose substantial therapeutic challenges. People's Republic of China, as a country facing a severe bacterial resistance situation, has undergone a series of changes and findings in recent years in terms of the prevalence, transmission characteristics and resistance mechanisms of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The increasing levels of population mobility have not only shaped the unique characteristics of antibiotic resistance prevalence and transmission within People's Republic of China but have also indirectly reflected global patterns of antibiotic-resistant dissemination. What's more, as a vast nation, People's Republic of China exhibits significant variations in the levels of antibiotic resistance and the prevalence characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria across different provinces and regions. In this review, we examine the current epidemiology and characteristics of this important group of bacterial pathogens, delving into relevant mechanisms of resistance to recently introduced antibiotics that impact their clinical utility in China.

抗生素耐药性的升级和抗菌药物渠道的减少已成为公共卫生的重大威胁。ESKAPE 病原体包括粪肠球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯氏菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌和肠杆菌属,它们最初被认定为关键的多重耐药细菌,急需有效的治疗方法。尽管引入了各种新型抗生素和抗生素辅助剂,如创新型β-内酰胺酶抑制剂,但这些细菌仍给治疗带来巨大挑战。中国作为细菌耐药形势严峻的国家,近年来在耐药菌的流行、传播特点和耐药机制等方面发生了一系列变化和发现。人口流动水平的不断提高,不仅形成了中国国内抗生素耐药流行和传播的独特特点,也间接反映了全球抗生素耐药传播的规律。此外,中国幅员辽阔,不同省份和地区的抗生素耐药水平和耐药菌流行特征差异显著。在这篇综述中,我们研究了这一重要细菌病原体群体的流行病学现状和特点,深入探讨了对新近引入的抗生素产生耐药性并影响其在中国临床应用的相关机制。
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引用次数: 0
Out of the blue: detection of a unique highly pathogenic avian influenza virus of subtype H7N5 in Germany. 突如其来:在德国检测到一种独特的 H7N5 亚型高致病性禽流感病毒。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2420723
Ann Kathrin Ahrens, Anne Pohlmann, Christian Grund, Martin Beer, Timm C Harder
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引用次数: 0
Circulating HBsAg-specific B cells are partially rescued in chronically HBV-infected patients with functional cure. 在功能性治愈的慢性 HBV 感染者体内,循环中的 HBsAg 特异性 B 细胞得到了部分修复。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2409350
Shuqin Gu, Libo Tang, Ling Guo, Chunxiu Zhong, Xin Fu, Guofu Ye, Shihong Zhong, Xiaoyi Li, Chunhua Wen, Yang Zhou, Jinling Wei, Haitao Chen, Nikolai Novikov, Simon P Fletcher, M Anthony Moody, Jinlin Hou, Yongyin Li

It is well established that humoral immunity targeting hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) plays a critical role in viral clearance and clinical cure. However, the functional changes in HBsAg-specific B cells before and after achieving functional cure remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized circulating HBsAg-specific B cells and identified functional shifts and B-cell epitopes directly associated with HBsAg loss. The phenotypes and functions of HBV-specific B cells in patients with chronic HBV infection were investigated using a dual staining method and the ELISpot assay. Epitope mapping was performed to identify B cell epitopes associated with functional cure. Hyperactivated HBsAg-specific B cells in patients who achieved HBsAg loss were composed of enriched resting memory and contracted atypical memory fractions, accompanied by sustained co-expression of multiple inhibitory receptors and increased IL-6 secretion. The frequency of HBsAb-secreting B cells was significantly increased after achieving a functional cure. The rHBsAg displayed a weaker immunomodulatory effect on B cells than rHBeAg and rHBcAg in vitro. Notably, sera from patients with HBsAg loss reacted mainly with peptides S60, S61, and S76, suggesting that these are dominant linear B-cell epitopes relevant for functional cure. Intriguingly, patients reactive with S76 showed a higher frequency of the HLA class II DQB1*05:01 allele. Taken together, HBsAg-specific B cells were partially restored in patients after achieving a functional cure. Functional cure-related epitopes may be promising targets for developing therapeutic vaccines to treat HBV infection and promote functional cure.

众所周知,针对乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)的体液免疫在病毒清除和临床治愈中起着至关重要的作用。然而,人们对实现功能性治愈前后 HBsAg 特异性 B 细胞的功能变化仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们描述了循环中 HBsAg 特异性 B 细胞的特征,并确定了与 HBsAg 缺失直接相关的功能转变和 B 细胞表位。我们使用双重染色法和 ELISpot 检测法研究了慢性 HBV 感染患者 HBV 特异性 B 细胞的表型和功能。通过表位图谱确定了与功能性治愈相关的 B 细胞表位。在HBsAg消失的患者中,超活化的HBsAg特异性B细胞由富集的静息记忆和收缩的非典型记忆部分组成,同时伴有多种抑制受体的持续共表达和IL-6分泌的增加。功能性治愈后,分泌 HBsAb 的 B 细胞频率明显增加。与 rHBeAg 和 rHBcAg 相比,rHBsAg 在体外对 B 细胞的免疫调节作用较弱。值得注意的是,HBsAg 缺失患者的血清主要与肽 S60、S61 和 S76 反应,表明这些是与功能性治愈相关的主要线性 B 细胞表位。耐人寻味的是,对 S76 有反应的患者显示出较高的 HLA II 类 DQB1*05:01 等位基因频率。综上所述,在实现功能性治愈后,患者的 HBsAg 特异性 B 细胞得到了部分恢复。与功能性治愈相关的表位可能是开发治疗性疫苗以治疗 HBV 感染并促进功能性治愈的有希望的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
The synergistic effect between phages and Ceftolozane/Tazobactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa endotracheal tube biofilm. 噬菌体与头孢妥赞/他唑巴坦在铜绿假单胞菌气管导管生物膜中的协同作用 应用噬菌体控制气管导管生物膜。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-17 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2420737
Viviane de C Oliveira, Alba Soler-Comas, Amanda C S D Rocha, Cláudia H Silva-Lovato, Evandro Watanabe, Antoni Torres, Laia Fernández-Barat

Although an increased effectiveness has been suggested when phages and antibiotics are combined, this approach has not been tested against a mature biofilm on an endotracheal tube (ETT) surface. This study evaluated the effect of short- and long-term combined phage-antibiotic therapy in a control of a mature biofilm on an ETT surface. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, including susceptible and resistant clinical samples, were used to develop the ETT biofilm. Biofilm was treated with 108PFU/mL of phage_2, phage_18 or 5 μg/mL of ceftolozane/tazobactam, alone or in combination with phages. The sequential combination of the two different phages and ceftolozane/tazobactam was also tested. Biofilm viability was assessed after short (2, 4, 24 h) and long-(48, 72 h) term treatment exposure using colony forming unit measurement. For long-term exposition, a new treatment shot was added every 24 h. In the sequential combination, the phage type was switched at 24 h of treatment. Regarding the susceptible strains, the treatments had limited antibiofilm effect after 2, 4 and 24 h. After 48 and 72 h, administering phages alone had no effect on biofilm viability, indicating the emergence of phage-resistant phenotypes. Nonetheless, the combined phage-antibiotic treatment reduced the biofilm viability in about 5-log, whilst antibiotic alone reduced in about 3-log. The sequential combination of phages and antibiotic reduced the biofilm viability in about 6-log. With respect to the resistant strains, no antibiofilm activity was observed regarding the treatment arms. The combination of phages and ceftolozane/tazobactam showed a synergism strain-dependent, being more apparent in susceptible strains.

虽然有人认为噬菌体和抗生素联合使用会提高疗效,但这种方法尚未针对气管导管(ETT)表面的成熟生物膜进行过测试。本研究评估了短期和长期噬菌体-抗生素联合疗法对 ETT 表面成熟生物膜的控制效果。铜绿假单胞菌菌株(包括易感和耐药的临床样本)被用来形成 ETT 生物膜。用 108PFU/mL phage_2、phage_18 或 5 μg/mL 头孢妥仑/他唑巴坦单独或与噬菌体联合处理生物膜。此外,还测试了两种不同噬菌体与头孢唑烷/他唑巴坦的顺序组合。在短期(2、4、24 小时)和长期(48、72 小时)处理后,使用菌落形成单位测量法评估了生物膜的活力。对于长期暴露,每 24 小时添加一次新的处理。在顺序组合中,噬菌体类型在处理 24 小时后进行切换。对于易感菌株,在 2、4 和 24 小时后,治疗的抗生物膜效果有限。48 小时和 72 小时后,单独使用噬菌体对生物膜活力没有影响,这表明出现了噬菌体抗性表型。然而,噬菌体-抗生素联合处理可降低生物膜活力约 5 个对数,而单独使用抗生素则可降低约 3 个对数。噬菌体和抗生素的连续组合可降低生物膜活力约 6 个 log。对于耐药菌株,治疗组均未观察到抗生物膜活性。噬菌体与头孢羟氨苄/他唑巴坦的组合显示出一种依赖于菌株的协同作用,在易感菌株中更为明显。
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引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles. 灭活柯萨奇病毒 B4 病毒颗粒的免疫原性和保护效力。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665
Tingfeng Wang, Chiyuan Wang, Lili Pang, Yujie Zhang, Shuxia Wang, Xiaozhen Liang, Zhong Huang

Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.

摘要ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus B4(CVB4)与手足口病、心肌炎、脑膜炎、胰腺炎和 1 型糖尿病等一系列急性和慢性疾病有关,每年影响着全球数百万幼儿。然而,目前还没有预防 CVB4 感染的疫苗。在此,我们报告了 CVB4 病毒颗粒灭活疫苗的研发情况。我们从CVB4感染的细胞培养物中制备了两种灭活的CVB4颗粒作为疫苗抗原,包括由VP1、VP3、VP2和VP4亚基蛋白组成的F颗粒(又称成熟病毒体)和由VP1、VP3和未分化VP0组成的E颗粒(又称空壳)。灭活的 CVB4 F 颗粒和 E 颗粒都能有效激发小鼠体内的中和抗体,尽管在第三次免疫后,E 颗粒疫苗的中和抗体滴度略低。重要的是,我们证明了被动转移抗 F 粒子或抗 E 粒子血清可完全保护受体小鼠免受致命的 CVB4 挑战。我们的研究不仅确定了 CVB4 F 颗粒和 E 颗粒灭活疫苗的免疫原性和保护效力,还揭示了中和抗体在抗 CVB4 保护性免疫中的核心作用,从而为加速 CVB4 灭活疫苗的开发提供了重要信息。
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引用次数: 0
Risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits for sporadic listeriosis: a case-control study in China from 2013 to 2022. 与零星李斯特菌病的食品消费和食品处理习惯相关的风险因素:2013-2022年中国病例对照研究。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2307520
Yanlin Niu, Weiwei Li, Biyao Xu, Wen Chen, Xiaojuan Qi, Yijing Zhou, Ping Fu, Xiaochen Ma, Yunchang Guo

The prevalence of listeriosis in China has been increasing in recent years. Listeriosis primarily spreads through contaminated food. However, the resilient causative organism, Listeria monocytogenes, and its extended incubation period pose challenges in identifying risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits for listeriosis in China. A matched case-control study (1:1 ratio) was conducted, which enrolled all eligible cases of listeriosis between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2022 in China. Basic information and possible risk factors associated with food consumption and food-handling habits were collected. Overall, 359 patients were enrolled, including 208 perinatal and 151 non-perinatal cases. Univariate and multivariable logistic analyzes were performed for the perinatal group. For the perinatal and non-perinatal groups, ice cream and Chinese cold dishes were the high-risk foods for listeriosis (odds ratio (OR) 2.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-3.55; OR 3.17 95% CI: 1.29-7.81), respectively; consumption of leftovers and pet ownership were the high-risk food-handling habits (OR 1.92 95% CI: 1.03-3.59; OR 3.00 95% CI: 1.11-8.11), respectively. In both groups, separation of raw and cooked foods was a protective factor (OR 0.27 95% CI: 0.14-0.51; OR 0.35 95% CI: 0.14-0.89), while refrigerator cleaning reduced the infection risk by 64.94-70.41% only in the perinatal group. The identification of high-risk foods and food-handling habits for listeriosis is important for improving food safety guidelines for vulnerable populations.

近年来,李斯特菌病在中国的发病率呈上升趋势。李斯特菌病主要通过受污染的食物传播。然而,单核细胞增生李斯特菌的致病性较强,且潜伏期较长,这给确定与食品消费和食品处理习惯相关的风险因素带来了挑战。本研究旨在确定与中国李斯特菌病的食物消费和食物处理习惯相关的风险因素。研究采用匹配病例对照研究(1:1比例)的方法,纳入了2013年1月1日至2022年12月31日期间中国所有符合条件的李斯特菌病病例。研究收集了患者的基本信息以及与食物消费和食物处理习惯相关的可能风险因素。共登记了359例患者,包括208例围产期病例和151例非围产期病例。对围产期组进行了单变量和多变量逻辑分析。在围产期组和非围产期组中,冰淇淋和中式凉菜分别是李斯特菌病的高危食物(几率比(OR)2.09 95%置信区间(CI):1.23-3.55;OR 3.17 95% CI:1.29-7.81);食用剩菜剩饭和饲养宠物分别是高危食物处理习惯(OR 1.92 95% CI:1.03-3.59;OR 3.00 95% CI:1.11-8.11)。在两组人群中,生熟食物分开是一个保护因素(OR 0.27 95% CI:0.14-0.51;OR 0.35 95% CI:0.14-0.89),而冰箱清洁仅在围产期组将感染风险降低了 64.94-70.41%。确定李斯特菌病的高风险食物和食物处理习惯对于改进针对易感人群的食品安全指南非常重要。
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Emerging Microbes & Infections
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