首页 > 最新文献

Emerging Microbes & Infections最新文献

英文 中文
Structural basis of the monkeypox virus mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase complex. 猴痘病毒 mRNA 盖 N7 甲基转移酶复合物的结构基础。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2369193
Anke Chen, Ning Fang, Zhifei Zhang, Yiqing Wen, Yajie Shen, Yanjie Zhang, Lu Zhang, Guoping Zhao, Jin Ding, Jixi Li

The global outbreak of Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has attracted international attention and become another major infectious disease event after COVID-19. The mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase (RNMT) of MPXV methylates the N7 position of the added guanosine to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs and plays a vital role in evading host antiviral immunity. MPXV RNMT is composed of the large subunit E1 and the small subunit E12. How E1 and E12 of MPXV assembly remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of E12, the MTase domain of E1 with E12 (E1CTD-E12) complex, and the E1CTD-E12-SAM ternary complex, revealing the detailed conformations of critical residues and the structural changes upon E12 binding to E1. Functional studies suggest that E1CTD N-terminal extension (Asp545-Arg562) and the small subunit E12 play an essential role in the binding process of SAM. Structural comparison of the AlphaFold2-predicted E1, E1CTD-E12 complex, and the homologous D1-D12 complex of vaccinia virus (VACV) indicates an allosteric activating effect of E1 in MPXV. Our findings provide the structural basis for the MTase activity stimulation of the E1-E12 complex and suggest a potential interface for screening the anti-poxvirus inhibitors.

摘要 由猴痘病毒(MPXV)引起的全球猴痘疫情引起了国际关注,成为继COVID-19之后的又一重大传染病事件。MPXV的mRNA帽N7甲基转移酶(RNMT)将mRNA的5'-帽结构中添加的鸟苷的N7位甲基化,在逃避宿主抗病毒免疫中发挥着重要作用。MPXV RNMT 由大亚基 E1 和小亚基 E12 组成。目前还不清楚 MPXV 的 E1 和 E12 是如何组装的。在这里,我们报告了 E12、E1 的 MTase 结构域与 E12(E1CTD-E12)复合物以及 E1CTD-E12-SAM 三元复合物的晶体结构,揭示了关键残基的详细构象以及 E12 与 E1 结合后的结构变化。功能研究表明,E1CTD N端延伸部分(Asp545-Arg562)和小亚基E12在SAM的结合过程中起着至关重要的作用。对 AlphaFold2 预测的 E1、E1CTD-E12 复合物和疫苗病毒(VACV)的同源 D1-D12 复合物进行的结构比较表明,E1 在 MPXV 中具有异位激活作用。我们的发现为 E1-E12 复合物刺激 MT 酶活性提供了结构基础,并为筛选抗痘病毒抑制剂提供了潜在的界面。
{"title":"Structural basis of the monkeypox virus mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase complex.","authors":"Anke Chen, Ning Fang, Zhifei Zhang, Yiqing Wen, Yajie Shen, Yanjie Zhang, Lu Zhang, Guoping Zhao, Jin Ding, Jixi Li","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2369193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2369193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global outbreak of Mpox, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), has attracted international attention and become another major infectious disease event after COVID-19. The mRNA cap N7 methyltransferase (RNMT) of MPXV methylates the N7 position of the added guanosine to the 5'-cap structure of mRNAs and plays a vital role in evading host antiviral immunity. MPXV RNMT is composed of the large subunit E1 and the small subunit E12. How E1 and E12 of MPXV assembly remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structures of E12, the MTase domain of E1 with E12 (E1<sub>CTD</sub>-E12) complex, and the E1<sub>CTD</sub>-E12-SAM ternary complex, revealing the detailed conformations of critical residues and the structural changes upon E12 binding to E1. Functional studies suggest that E1<sub>CTD</sub> N-terminal extension (Asp545-Arg562) and the small subunit E12 play an essential role in the binding process of SAM. Structural comparison of the AlphaFold2-predicted E1, E1<sub>CTD</sub>-E12 complex, and the homologous D1-D12 complex of vaccinia virus (VACV) indicates an allosteric activating effect of E1 in MPXV. Our findings provide the structural basis for the MTase activity stimulation of the E1-E12 complex and suggest a potential interface for screening the anti-poxvirus inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11212559/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141317169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pigs are highly susceptible to but do not transmit mink-derived highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b. 猪对源自水貂的高致病性禽流感病毒 H5N1 2.3.4.4b 型极易感染,但不会传播。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2353292
Taeyong Kwon, Jessie D Trujillo, Mariano Carossino, Eu Lim Lyoo, Chester D McDowell, Konner Cool, Franco S Matias-Ferreyra, Trushar Jeevan, Igor Morozov, Natasha N Gaudreault, Udeni B R Balasuriya, Richard J Webby, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Juergen A Richt

ABSTRACTRapid evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is driven by antigenic drift but also by reassortment, which might result in robust replication in and transmission to mammals. Recently, spillover of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV to mammals including humans, and their transmission between mammalian species has been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a mink-derived clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV isolate from Spain in pigs. Experimental infection caused interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis with high titers of virus present in the lower respiratory tract and 100% seroconversion. Infected pigs shed limited amount of virus, and importantly, there was no transmission to contact pigs. Notably, critical mammalian-like adaptations such as PB2-E627 K and HA-Q222L emerged at low frequencies in principal-infected pigs. It is concluded that pigs are highly susceptible to infection with the mink-derived clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV and provide a favorable environment for HPAIV to acquire mammalian-like adaptations.

高致病性禽流感病毒(HPAIV)的快速进化是由抗原漂移和重配驱动的,这可能会导致病毒在哺乳动物体内的强力复制和向哺乳动物的传播。最近,有报道称2.3.4.4b支系高致病性禽流感病毒扩散到包括人类在内的哺乳动物,并在哺乳动物物种之间传播。本研究旨在评估来自西班牙水貂的 2.3.4.4b 支系 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒分离物在猪体内的致病性和传播性。实验感染导致间质性肺炎和坏死性支气管炎,下呼吸道病毒滴度高,血清转换率达 100%。受感染的猪只排出的病毒数量有限,重要的是没有向接触猪只传播。值得注意的是,PB2-E627K 和 HA-Q222L 等类似哺乳动物的关键突变在主要感染猪中出现的频率很低。结论是猪极易感染源自水貂的 2.3.4.4b 支系 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒,并为高致病性禽流感病毒获得哺乳动物样适应性提供了有利环境。
{"title":"Pigs are highly susceptible to but do not transmit mink-derived highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b.","authors":"Taeyong Kwon, Jessie D Trujillo, Mariano Carossino, Eu Lim Lyoo, Chester D McDowell, Konner Cool, Franco S Matias-Ferreyra, Trushar Jeevan, Igor Morozov, Natasha N Gaudreault, Udeni B R Balasuriya, Richard J Webby, Nikolaus Osterrieder, Juergen A Richt","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2353292","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2353292","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Rapid evolution of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) is driven by antigenic drift but also by reassortment, which might result in robust replication in and transmission to mammals. Recently, spillover of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV to mammals including humans, and their transmission between mammalian species has been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of a mink-derived clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV isolate from Spain in pigs. Experimental infection caused interstitial pneumonia with necrotizing bronchiolitis with high titers of virus present in the lower respiratory tract and 100% seroconversion. Infected pigs shed limited amount of virus, and importantly, there was no transmission to contact pigs. Notably, critical mammalian-like adaptations such as PB2-E627 K and HA-Q222L emerged at low frequencies in principal-infected pigs. It is concluded that pigs are highly susceptible to infection with the mink-derived clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 HPAIV and provide a favorable environment for HPAIV to acquire mammalian-like adaptations.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11132737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140856489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genome-wide expanding of genetic evolution and potential pathogenicity in Vibrio alginolyticus. 全基因组范围内藻类溶解弧菌基因进化和潜在致病性的扩展。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2350164
Zhenzhou Huang, Yanjun Li, Keyi Yu, Lizhi Ma, Bo Pang, Qin Qin, Jie Li, Duochun Wang, He Gao, Biao Kan

Vibrio alginolyticus, an emergent species of Vibrio genus, exists in aquatic and marine environments. It has undergone genetic diversification, but its detailed genomic diversity is still unclear. Here, we performed a multi-dimensional comparative genomic analysis to explore the population phylogeny, virulence-related genes and potential drug resistance genes of 184 V. alginolyticus isolates. Although genetic diversity is complex, we analysed the population structure using three sub-datasets, including the subdivision for three lineages into sublineages and the distribution of strains in the marine ecological niche. Accessory genes, most of which reclassified V. alginolyticus genomes as different but with relatively close affinities, were nonuniformly distributed among these isolates. We demonstrated that the spread of some post-evolutionary isolates (mainly L3 strains isolated from Chinese territorial seas) was likely to be closely related to human activities, whereas other more ancestral strains (strains in the L1 and L2) tended to be locally endemic and formed clonal complex groups. In terms of pathogenicity, the potential virulence factors were mainly associated with toxin, adherence, motility, chemotaxis, and the type III secretion system (T3SS). We also found five types of antibacterial drug resistance genes. The prevalence of β-lactam resistance genes was 100%, which indicated that there may be a potential risk of natural resistance to β-lactam drugs. Our study reveals insights into genomic characteristics, evolution and potential virulence-associated gene profiles of V. alginolyticus.

溶藻弧菌是弧菌属的一个新出现的物种,存在于水生和海洋环境中。它经历了基因多样化,但其详细的基因组多样性仍不清楚。在此,我们进行了多维比较基因组分析,以探索 184 个藻类弧菌分离物的种群系统发育、毒力相关基因和潜在耐药基因。虽然遗传多样性很复杂,但我们还是利用三个子数据集分析了种群结构,包括三个系的亚系细分和菌株在海洋生态位中的分布。附属基因在这些分离株中的分布并不均匀,其中大部分基因将溶藻病毒基因组重新分类为不同的基因组,但具有相对接近的亲缘关系。我们证明,一些进化后分离株(主要是分离自中国领海的 L3 株)的传播可能与人类活动密切相关,而其他更古老的菌株(L1 和 L2 株)则倾向于在当地流行并形成克隆复合群。在致病性方面,潜在的致病因子主要与毒素、粘附性、运动性、趋化性和 III 型分泌系统(T3SS)有关。我们还发现了五种抗菌药耐药基因。β-内酰胺类耐药基因的流行率为100%,这表明可能存在对β-内酰胺类药物产生天然耐药性的潜在风险。我们的研究揭示了溶藻病毒的基因组特征、进化和潜在的毒力相关基因谱。
{"title":"Genome-wide expanding of genetic evolution and potential pathogenicity in <i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>.","authors":"Zhenzhou Huang, Yanjun Li, Keyi Yu, Lizhi Ma, Bo Pang, Qin Qin, Jie Li, Duochun Wang, He Gao, Biao Kan","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2350164","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2350164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Vibrio alginolyticus</i>, an emergent species of <i>Vibrio</i> genus, exists in aquatic and marine environments. It has undergone genetic diversification, but its detailed genomic diversity is still unclear. Here, we performed a multi-dimensional comparative genomic analysis to explore the population phylogeny, virulence-related genes and potential drug resistance genes of 184 <i>V. alginolyticus</i> isolates. Although genetic diversity is complex, we analysed the population structure using three sub-datasets, including the subdivision for three lineages into sublineages and the distribution of strains in the marine ecological niche. Accessory genes, most of which reclassified <i>V. alginolyticus</i> genomes as different but with relatively close affinities, were nonuniformly distributed among these isolates. We demonstrated that the spread of some post-evolutionary isolates (mainly L3 strains isolated from Chinese territorial seas) was likely to be closely related to human activities, whereas other more ancestral strains (strains in the L1 and L2) tended to be locally endemic and formed clonal complex groups. In terms of pathogenicity, the potential virulence factors were mainly associated with toxin, adherence, motility, chemotaxis, and the type III secretion system (T3SS). We also found five types of antibacterial drug resistance genes. The prevalence of β-lactam resistance genes was 100%, which indicated that there may be a potential risk of natural resistance to β-lactam drugs. Our study reveals insights into genomic characteristics, evolution and potential virulence-associated gene profiles of <i>V. alginolyticus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11132748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140862440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel transcription and replication-competent virus-like particles system modelling the Nipah virus life cycle. 模拟尼帕病毒生命周期的新型转录和复制能力病毒样颗粒系统。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2368217
Yulong Wang, Linjin Fan, Pengfei Ye, Zequn Wang, Chudan Liang, Quan Liu, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhenyu Long, Wendi Shi, Yuandong Zhou, Jingyan Lin, Huijun Yan, Hongxin Huang, Linna Liu, Jun Qian

Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic Henipavirus in humans, has been responsible for annual outbreaks in recent years. Experiments involving live NiV are highly restricted to biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories, which impedes NiV research. In this study, we developed transcription and replication-competent NiV-like particles (trVLP-NiV) lacking N, P, and L genes. This trVLP-NiV exhibited the ability to infect and continuously passage in cells ectopically expressing N, P, and L proteins while maintaining stable genetic characteristics. Moreover, the trVLP-NiV displayed a favourable safety profile in hamsters. Using the system, we found the NiV nucleoprotein residues interacting with viral RNA backbone affected viral replication in opposite patterns. This engineered system was sensitive to well-established antiviral drugs, innate host antiviral factors, and neutralizing antibodies. We then established a high-throughput screening platform utilizing the trVLP-NiV, leading to the identification of tunicamycin as a potential anti-NiV compound. Evidence showed that tunicamycin inhibited NiV replication by decreasing the infectivity of progeny virions. In conclusion, this trVLP-NiV system provided a convenient and versatile molecular tool for investigating NiV molecular biology and conducting antiviral drug screening under BSL-2 conditions. Its application will contribute to the development of medical countermeasures against NiV infections.

摘要 尼帕病毒(Nipah virus,NiV)是一种人类高致病性母鸡病毒,近年来每年都会爆发疫情。活体NiV实验被严格限制在生物安全4级(BSL-4)实验室中进行,这阻碍了NiV的研究。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种转录和复制能力强、缺少 N、P 和 L 基因的类 NiV 颗粒(trVLP-NiV)。这种trVLP-NiV能够感染异位表达N、P和L蛋白的细胞并在其中持续通过,同时保持稳定的遗传特性。此外,trVLP-NiV 在仓鼠体内显示出良好的安全性。利用该系统,我们发现与病毒 RNA 主干相互作用的 NiV 核蛋白残基会以相反的模式影响病毒复制。这种工程化系统对成熟的抗病毒药物、先天宿主抗病毒因子和中和抗体都很敏感。随后,我们建立了一个利用 trVLP-NiV 的高通量筛选平台,从而确定了曲奈霉素作为一种潜在的抗 NiV 化合物。证据显示,曲奈霉素通过降低后代病毒的感染性来抑制NiV的复制。总之,trVLP-NiV 系统为研究 NiV 分子生物学和在 BSL-2 条件下进行抗病毒药物筛选提供了一种方便、通用的分子工具。它的应用将有助于开发针对 NiV 感染的医疗对策。
{"title":"Novel transcription and replication-competent virus-like particles system modelling the Nipah virus life cycle.","authors":"Yulong Wang, Linjin Fan, Pengfei Ye, Zequn Wang, Chudan Liang, Quan Liu, Xiaofeng Yang, Zhenyu Long, Wendi Shi, Yuandong Zhou, Jingyan Lin, Huijun Yan, Hongxin Huang, Linna Liu, Jun Qian","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2368217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2368217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nipah virus (NiV), a highly pathogenic Henipavirus in humans, has been responsible for annual outbreaks in recent years. Experiments involving live NiV are highly restricted to biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratories, which impedes NiV research. In this study, we developed transcription and replication-competent NiV-like particles (trVLP-NiV) lacking N, P, and L genes. This trVLP-NiV exhibited the ability to infect and continuously passage in cells ectopically expressing N, P, and L proteins while maintaining stable genetic characteristics. Moreover, the trVLP-NiV displayed a favourable safety profile in hamsters. Using the system, we found the NiV nucleoprotein residues interacting with viral RNA backbone affected viral replication in opposite patterns. This engineered system was sensitive to well-established antiviral drugs, innate host antiviral factors, and neutralizing antibodies. We then established a high-throughput screening platform utilizing the trVLP-NiV, leading to the identification of tunicamycin as a potential anti-NiV compound. Evidence showed that tunicamycin inhibited NiV replication by decreasing the infectivity of progeny virions. In conclusion, this trVLP-NiV system provided a convenient and versatile molecular tool for investigating NiV molecular biology and conducting antiviral drug screening under BSL-2 conditions. Its application will contribute to the development of medical countermeasures against NiV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141310343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Herpes zoster mRNA vaccine induces superior vaccine immunity over licensed vaccine in mice and rhesus macaques. 带状疱疹 mRNA 疫苗在小鼠和猕猴体内诱导的疫苗免疫力优于许可疫苗。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-11 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2309985
Lulu Huang, Tongyi Zhao, Weijun Zhao, Andong Shao, Huajun Zhao, Wenxuan Ma, Yingfei Gong, Xianhuan Zeng, Changzhen Weng, Lingling Bu, Zhenhua Di, Shiyu Sun, Qinsheng Dai, Minhui Sun, Limei Wang, Zhenguang Liu, Leilei Shi, Jiesen Hu, Shentong Fang, Cheng Zhang, Jian Zhang, Guan Wang, Karin Loré, Yong Yang, Ang Lin

Herpes zoster remains an important global health issue and mainly occurs in aged and immunocompromised individuals with an early exposure history to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Although the licensed vaccine Shingrix has remarkably high efficacy, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage urged the development of improved or novel VZV vaccines. In this study, we developed a novel VZV mRNA vaccine candidate (named as ZOSAL) containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding full-length glycoprotein E encapsulated in an ionizable lipid nanoparticle. In mice and rhesus macaques, ZOSAL demonstrated superior immunogenicity and safety in multiple aspects over Shingrix, especially in the induction of strong T-cell immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both ZOSAL and Shingrix could robustly activate innate immune compartments, especially Type-I IFN signalling and antigen processing/presentation. Multivariate correlation analysis further identified several early factors of innate compartments that can predict the magnitude of T-cell responses, which further increased our understanding of the mode of action of two different VZV vaccine modalities. Collectively, our data demonstrated the superiority of VZV mRNA vaccine over licensed subunit vaccine. The mRNA platform therefore holds prospects for further investigations in next-generation VZV vaccine development.

带状疱疹仍然是一个重要的全球健康问题,主要发生在有水痘带状疱疹病毒(VZV)早期接触史的老年人和免疫力低下的人身上。尽管已获许可的 Shingrix 疫苗疗效显著,但其不良的致反应性和日益增长的全球需求导致疫苗短缺,这促使人们开发改良型或新型 VZV 疫苗。在这项研究中,我们开发了一种新型 VZV mRNA 候选疫苗(命名为 ZOSAL),其中包含编码全长糖蛋白 E 的序列优化的 mRNA,封装在可离子化的脂质纳米颗粒中。在小鼠和猕猴体内,ZOSAL 在多个方面都表现出优于 Shingrix 的免疫原性和安全性,尤其是在诱导强大的 T 细胞免疫方面。转录组分析表明,ZOSAL 和 Shingrix 都能强有力地激活先天性免疫分区,尤其是 I 型 IFN 信号转导和抗原处理/递呈。多变量相关分析进一步确定了先天区系中可预测 T 细胞反应程度的几个早期因素,这进一步加深了我们对两种不同 VZV 疫苗作用模式的理解。总之,我们的数据证明了 VZV mRNA 疫苗优于已获许可的亚单位疫苗。因此,mRNA 平台在下一代 VZV 疫苗开发中具有进一步研究的前景。
{"title":"Herpes zoster mRNA vaccine induces superior vaccine immunity over licensed vaccine in mice and rhesus macaques.","authors":"Lulu Huang, Tongyi Zhao, Weijun Zhao, Andong Shao, Huajun Zhao, Wenxuan Ma, Yingfei Gong, Xianhuan Zeng, Changzhen Weng, Lingling Bu, Zhenhua Di, Shiyu Sun, Qinsheng Dai, Minhui Sun, Limei Wang, Zhenguang Liu, Leilei Shi, Jiesen Hu, Shentong Fang, Cheng Zhang, Jian Zhang, Guan Wang, Karin Loré, Yong Yang, Ang Lin","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2309985","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2309985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes zoster remains an important global health issue and mainly occurs in aged and immunocompromised individuals with an early exposure history to Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). Although the licensed vaccine Shingrix has remarkably high efficacy, undesired reactogenicity and increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage urged the development of improved or novel VZV vaccines. In this study, we developed a novel VZV mRNA vaccine candidate (named as ZOSAL) containing sequence-optimized mRNAs encoding full-length glycoprotein E encapsulated in an ionizable lipid nanoparticle. In mice and rhesus macaques, ZOSAL demonstrated superior immunogenicity and safety in multiple aspects over Shingrix, especially in the induction of strong T-cell immunity. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that both ZOSAL and Shingrix could robustly activate innate immune compartments, especially Type-I IFN signalling and antigen processing/presentation. Multivariate correlation analysis further identified several early factors of innate compartments that can predict the magnitude of T-cell responses, which further increased our understanding of the mode of action of two different VZV vaccine modalities. Collectively, our data demonstrated the superiority of VZV mRNA vaccine over licensed subunit vaccine. The mRNA platform therefore holds prospects for further investigations in next-generation VZV vaccine development.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10860463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139519394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles. 灭活柯萨奇病毒 B4 病毒颗粒的免疫原性和保护效力。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665
Tingfeng Wang, Chiyuan Wang, Lili Pang, Yujie Zhang, Shuxia Wang, Xiaozhen Liang, Zhong Huang

Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.

摘要ABSTRACTCoxsackievirus B4(CVB4)与手足口病、心肌炎、脑膜炎、胰腺炎和 1 型糖尿病等一系列急性和慢性疾病有关,每年影响着全球数百万幼儿。然而,目前还没有预防 CVB4 感染的疫苗。在此,我们报告了 CVB4 病毒颗粒灭活疫苗的研发情况。我们从CVB4感染的细胞培养物中制备了两种灭活的CVB4颗粒作为疫苗抗原,包括由VP1、VP3、VP2和VP4亚基蛋白组成的F颗粒(又称成熟病毒体)和由VP1、VP3和未分化VP0组成的E颗粒(又称空壳)。灭活的 CVB4 F 颗粒和 E 颗粒都能有效激发小鼠体内的中和抗体,尽管在第三次免疫后,E 颗粒疫苗的中和抗体滴度略低。重要的是,我们证明了被动转移抗 F 粒子或抗 E 粒子血清可完全保护受体小鼠免受致命的 CVB4 挑战。我们的研究不仅确定了 CVB4 F 颗粒和 E 颗粒灭活疫苗的免疫原性和保护效力,还揭示了中和抗体在抗 CVB4 保护性免疫中的核心作用,从而为加速 CVB4 灭活疫苗的开发提供了重要信息。
{"title":"Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles.","authors":"Tingfeng Wang, Chiyuan Wang, Lili Pang, Yujie Zhang, Shuxia Wang, Xiaozhen Liang, Zhong Huang","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2337665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":13.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11000607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140318030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enterovirus-A71 preferentially infects and replicates in human motor neurons, inducing neurodegeneration by ferroptosis. 肠道病毒-A71 优先感染并复制人类运动神经元,通过铁突变诱导神经变性。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2382235
Wai Hon Chooi, Winanto, Yingying Zeng, Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee, Ze Qin Lim, Pradeep Gautam, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Yuin-Han Loh, Sylvie Alonso, Shi-Yan Ng

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the neuropathology of EV-A71 and its mechanism, as the current models mainly utilize animal models or immortalized cell lines. In this study, we established a human motor neuron model for EV-A71 infection. Single cell transcriptomics of a mixed neuronal population reveal higher viral RNA load in motor neurons, suggesting higher infectivity and replication of EV-A71 in motor neurons. The elevated RNA load in motor neurons correlates with the downregulation of ferritin-encoding genes. Subsequent analysis confirms that neurons infected with EV-A71 undergo ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of labile Fe2+ and peroxidated lipids. Notably, the Fe2+ chelator Deferoxamine improves mitochondrial function and promotes survival of motor neurons by 40% after EV-A71 infection. These findings deepen understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection, providing insights which suggest that improving mitochondrial respiration and inhibition of ferroptosis can mitigate the impact of EV-A71 infection in the central nervous system.

肠道病毒 A71(EV-A71)可导致手足口病,并在临床上与神经系统并发症有关。然而,由于目前的模型主要利用动物模型或永生化细胞系,因此缺乏相关模型来阐明 EV-A71 的神经病理学及其机制。在这项研究中,我们建立了一个人类运动神经元感染 EV-A71 的模型。混合神经元群体的单细胞转录组学显示,运动神经元中的病毒 RNA 量更高,这表明 EV-A71 在运动神经元中具有更高的感染性和复制性。运动神经元中 RNA 负荷的升高与铁蛋白编码基因的下调有关。随后的分析证实,感染了 EV-A71 的神经元会发生铁变态反应,表现为可溶性 Fe2+ 和过氧化脂质水平升高。值得注意的是,Fe2+螯合剂去铁胺能改善线粒体功能,并在EV-A71感染后将运动神经元的存活率提高40%。这些发现加深了人们对EV-A71感染的分子发病机制的了解,并提供了一些见解,表明改善线粒体呼吸和抑制铁变态反应可减轻EV-A71感染对中枢神经系统的影响。
{"title":"Enterovirus-A71 preferentially infects and replicates in human motor neurons, inducing neurodegeneration by ferroptosis.","authors":"Wai Hon Chooi, Winanto, Yingying Zeng, Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee, Ze Qin Lim, Pradeep Gautam, Justin Jang Hann Chu, Yuin-Han Loh, Sylvie Alonso, Shi-Yan Ng","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2382235","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2382235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the neuropathology of EV-A71 and its mechanism, as the current models mainly utilize animal models or immortalized cell lines. In this study, we established a human motor neuron model for EV-A71 infection. Single cell transcriptomics of a mixed neuronal population reveal higher viral RNA load in motor neurons, suggesting higher infectivity and replication of EV-A71 in motor neurons. The elevated RNA load in motor neurons correlates with the downregulation of ferritin-encoding genes. Subsequent analysis confirms that neurons infected with EV-A71 undergo ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of labile Fe<sup>2+</sup> and peroxidated lipids. Notably, the Fe<sup>2+</sup> chelator Deferoxamine improves mitochondrial function and promotes survival of motor neurons by 40% after EV-A71 infection. These findings deepen understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection, providing insights which suggest that improving mitochondrial respiration and inhibition of ferroptosis can mitigate the impact of EV-A71 infection in the central nervous system.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11285248/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141626315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Serological and molecular survey of rat hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) in drug users. 吸毒者大鼠戊型肝炎病毒(Rocahepevirus ratti)血清学和分子学调查。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2396865
Maria Casares-Jimenez, Diana Corona-Mata, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Leticia Manchado-Lopez, Lucia Rios-Muñoz, Maria de Guia-Castro, Pedro Lopez-Lopez, David Caceres-Anillo, Angela Camacho, Javier Caballero-Gomez, Ignacio Perez-Valero, Marina Gallo-Marin, Ana Belen Perez, Rainer G Ulrich, Antonio Rivero-Juarez, Antonio Rivero

ABSTRACTRat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. Since seroprevalence studies are scarce, at-risk groups are almost unknown. Because blood-borne infections frequently occur in people with drug use, who are particularly vulnerable to infection due to lack of housing and homelessness, this population constitutes a priority in which ratHEV infection should be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ratHEV seroprevalence and RNA detection rate in drug users as a potential at-risk population. We designed a retrospective study involving individuals that attended drug rehabilitation centres. Exposure to ratHEV was assessed by specific antibody detection using ELISA and dot blot (DB) assay and the presence of active infection by ratHEV RNA detection using RT-qPCR. Three-hundred and forty-one individuals were included, the most of them being men (67.7%) with an average age of 45 years. A total of 17 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV (4.6%; 95% CI; 3.1%-7.9%). One case of active ratHEV infection was identified (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1%-1.8%). This was a 57-year-old homeless woman with limited financial resources, who had active cocaine and heroin use via parenteral route. In conclusion, we identified a potential exposure to ratHEV among drug users. Targeted studies in drug users with proper control groups are necessary to evaluate high-risk populations and transmission routes more accurately.

摘要大鼠戊型肝炎病毒(ratHEV)是一种新出现的人畜共患急性肝炎病因。由于血清流行率研究很少,高危人群几乎不为人知。由于血液传播感染经常发生在吸毒者身上,而吸毒者又因缺乏住房和无家可归而特别容易受到感染,因此这部分人群是应重点评估的戊型肝炎病毒感染人群。因此,本研究旨在评估作为潜在高危人群的吸毒者的鼠HEV血清流行率和RNA检出率。我们设计了一项回顾性研究,涉及参加戒毒康复中心的人员。通过使用 ELISA 和点印迹 (DB) 法检测特异性抗体来评估是否暴露于大鼠 HEV,通过使用 RT-qPCR 检测大鼠 HEV RNA 来评估是否存在活动性感染。研究共纳入 341 人,其中男性最多(67.7%),平均年龄 45 岁。共有 17 人检测出特异性 IgG 抗体(4.6%;95% CI;3.1% - 7.9%)。发现了一例活动性鼠HEV感染病例(0.3%;95% CI:0.1% - 1.8%)。这是一名 57 岁的无家可归妇女,经济来源有限,曾通过肠外途径积极吸食可卡因和海洛因。总之,我们在吸毒者中发现了潜在的 ratHEV 暴露。为了更准确地评估高危人群和传播途径,有必要对吸毒者和适当的对照组进行有针对性的研究。
{"title":"Serological and molecular survey of rat hepatitis E virus (<i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i>) in drug users.","authors":"Maria Casares-Jimenez, Diana Corona-Mata, Transito Garcia-Garcia, Leticia Manchado-Lopez, Lucia Rios-Muñoz, Maria de Guia-Castro, Pedro Lopez-Lopez, David Caceres-Anillo, Angela Camacho, Javier Caballero-Gomez, Ignacio Perez-Valero, Marina Gallo-Marin, Ana Belen Perez, Rainer G Ulrich, Antonio Rivero-Juarez, Antonio Rivero","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>ABSTRACT</b>Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV) is an emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. Since seroprevalence studies are scarce, at-risk groups are almost unknown. Because blood-borne infections frequently occur in people with drug use, who are particularly vulnerable to infection due to lack of housing and homelessness, this population constitutes a priority in which ratHEV infection should be evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the ratHEV seroprevalence and RNA detection rate in drug users as a potential at-risk population. We designed a retrospective study involving individuals that attended drug rehabilitation centres. Exposure to ratHEV was assessed by specific antibody detection using ELISA and dot blot (DB) assay and the presence of active infection by ratHEV RNA detection using RT-qPCR. Three-hundred and forty-one individuals were included, the most of them being men (67.7%) with an average age of 45 years. A total of 17 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV (4.6%; 95% CI; 3.1%-7.9%). One case of active ratHEV infection was identified (0.3%; 95% CI: 0.1%-1.8%). This was a 57-year-old homeless woman with limited financial resources, who had active cocaine and heroin use via parenteral route. In conclusion, we identified a potential exposure to ratHEV among drug users. Targeted studies in drug users with proper control groups are necessary to evaluate high-risk populations and transmission routes more accurately.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11376293/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to the letter to the editor: Lansoprazole interferes with fungal respiration and acts synergistically with amphotericin B against multidrug-resistant Candida auris. 回复致编辑的信:兰索拉唑干扰真菌呼吸并与两性霉素B协同作用于耐多药念珠菌。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-08 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2396869
Ehab A Salama, Yehia Elgammal, Aruna Wijeratne, Nadia A Lanman, Sagar M Utturkar, Atena Farhangian, Jianing Li, Brigitte Meunier, Tony R Hazbun, Mohamed N Seleem
{"title":"Response to the letter to the editor: Lansoprazole interferes with fungal respiration and acts synergistically with amphotericin B against multidrug-resistant <i>Candida auris</i>.","authors":"Ehab A Salama, Yehia Elgammal, Aruna Wijeratne, Nadia A Lanman, Sagar M Utturkar, Atena Farhangian, Jianing Li, Brigitte Meunier, Tony R Hazbun, Mohamed N Seleem","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396869","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2396869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11382729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142079675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir. 孟加拉国高致病性禽流感病毒的系统动力学,确定家鸭为扩增宿主库。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268
Ariful Islam, Michelle Wille, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ashleigh F Porter, Mohammed Enayet Hosaain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Tahmina Shirin, Jonathan H Epstein, Marcel Klaassen

High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (Corvus splendens). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.2.2, followed by clade 2.3.4.2 and 2.3.2.1 viruses in 2011. After the implementation of chicken vaccination in 2012, these viruses were mostly replaced by clade 2.3.2.1a viruses and more recently clade 2.3.4.4b and h viruses. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh to evaluate the role of major host species in the maintenance and evolution of HPAI H5Nx virus in Bangladesh and reveal the role of heavily impacted crows in virus epidemiology. Epizootic waves caused by HPAI H5N1 and H5N6 viruses amongst house crows occurred annually in winter. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis of clade 2.3.2.1a revealed frequent bidirectional viral transitions between domestic ducks, chickens, and house crows that was markedly skewed towards ducks; domestic ducks might be the source, or reservoir, of HPAI H5Nx in Bangladesh, as the number of viral transitions from ducks to chickens and house crows was by far more numerous than the other transitions. Our results suggest viral circulation in domestic birds despite vaccination, with crow epizootics acting as a sentinel. The vaccination strategy needs to be updated to use more effective vaccinations, assess vaccine efficacy, and extension of vaccination to domestic ducks, the key reservoir.

摘要 高致病性禽流感病毒 H5N1 于 2007 年首次在孟加拉国出现。尽管自 2012 年以来一直在鸡身上使用疫苗来控制高致病性禽流感,但高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒仍继续感染家禽和野鸟,导致家鸦(Corvus splendens)大量死亡。孟加拉国首次出现的高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒属于 2.2.2 支系,2011 年又出现了 2.3.4.2 支系和 2.3.2.1 支系病毒。2012 年实施鸡疫苗接种后,这些病毒大部分被 2.3.2.1a 支系病毒取代,最近又被 2.3.4.4b 和 h 支系病毒取代。在本研究中,我们重建了孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒的系统发育历史,以评估主要宿主物种在孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 病毒的维持和进化中的作用,并揭示受严重影响的乌鸦在病毒流行病学中的作用。高致病性禽流感 H5N1 和 H5N6 病毒在家鸦中引起的流行潮每年冬季都会发生。对 2.3.2.1a 支系的贝叶斯系统动力学分析表明,家鸭、鸡和家鸦之间频繁的双向病毒转换明显偏向于家鸭;家鸭可能是孟加拉国高致病性禽流感 H5Nx 的源头或储库,因为从家鸭到鸡和家鸦的病毒转换次数远远多于其他转换。我们的研究结果表明,尽管接种了疫苗,病毒仍在家禽中传播,乌鸦疫情是一个哨点。疫苗接种策略需要更新,以使用更有效的疫苗,评估疫苗效力,并将疫苗接种范围扩大到家鸭--主要的病毒库。
{"title":"Phylodynamics of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus in Bangladesh identifying domestic ducks as the amplifying host reservoir.","authors":"Ariful Islam, Michelle Wille, Mohammed Ziaur Rahman, Ashleigh F Porter, Mohammed Enayet Hosaain, Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan, Tahmina Shirin, Jonathan H Epstein, Marcel Klaassen","doi":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268","DOIUrl":"10.1080/22221751.2024.2399268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus H5N1 first emerged in Bangladesh in 2007. Despite the use of vaccines in chickens since 2012 to control HPAI, HPAI H5Nx viruses have continued to infect poultry, and wild birds, resulting in notable mass mortalities in house crows (<i>Corvus splendens</i>). The first HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh belonged to clade 2.2.2, followed by clade 2.3.4.2 and 2.3.2.1 viruses in 2011. After the implementation of chicken vaccination in 2012, these viruses were mostly replaced by clade 2.3.2.1a viruses and more recently clade 2.3.4.4b and h viruses. In this study, we reconstruct the phylogenetic history of HPAI H5Nx viruses in Bangladesh to evaluate the role of major host species in the maintenance and evolution of HPAI H5Nx virus in Bangladesh and reveal the role of heavily impacted crows in virus epidemiology. Epizootic waves caused by HPAI H5N1 and H5N6 viruses amongst house crows occurred annually in winter. Bayesian phylodynamic analysis of clade 2.3.2.1a revealed frequent bidirectional viral transitions between domestic ducks, chickens, and house crows that was markedly skewed towards ducks; domestic ducks might be the source, or reservoir, of HPAI H5Nx in Bangladesh, as the number of viral transitions from ducks to chickens and house crows was by far more numerous than the other transitions. Our results suggest viral circulation in domestic birds despite vaccination, with crow epizootics acting as a sentinel. The vaccination strategy needs to be updated to use more effective vaccinations, assess vaccine efficacy, and extension of vaccination to domestic ducks, the key reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":11602,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Microbes & Infections","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11389634/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142105493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Emerging Microbes & Infections
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1