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Influenza D virus infection in China, 2022-2023. 2022-2023 年中国 D 型流感病毒感染情况。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-15 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2343907
Jieshi Yu, Zhenyu Wen, Wanke Hu, Mingwang Chen, Yuanlong Zhang, Shasha Liu, Gang Wang, Zhao Wang, Dan Wang, Shao-Lun Zhai, Wen-Kang Wei, Tianyu Li, Ming Liao

Influenza D virus (IDV) plays an important role in the bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex. Its potential for the zoonotic transmission is of particular concern. In China, IDV has previously been identified in agricultural animals by molecular surveys with no live virus isolates reported. In this study, live IDVs were successfully isolated from cattle in China, which prompted us to further investigate the national prevalence, antigenic property, and infection biology of the virus. IDV RNA was detected in 11.1% (51/460) of cattle throughout the country in 2022-2023. Moreover, we conducted the first IDV serosurveillance in China, revealing a high seroprevalence (91.4%, 393/430) of IDV in cattle during the 2022-2023 winter season. Notably, all the 16 provinces from which cattle originated possessed seropositive animals, and 3 of them displayed the 100% IDV-seropositivity rate. In contrast, a very low seroprevalence of IDV was observed in pigs (3%, 3/100) and goats (1%, 1/100) during the same period of investigation. Furthermore, besides D/Yama2019 lineage-like IDVs, we discovered the D/660 lineage-like IDV in Chinese cattle, which has not been detected to date in Asia. Finally, the Chinese IDVs replicated robustly in diverse cell lines but less efficiently in the swine cell line. Considering the nationwide distribution, high seroprevalence, and appreciably genetic diversity, further studies are required to fully evaluate the risk of Chinese IDVs for both animal and human health in China, which can be evidently facilitated by IDV isolates reported in this study.

D 型流感病毒(IDV)在牛呼吸道疾病(BRD)中扮演着重要角色。它的人畜共患传播潜力尤其令人担忧。在中国,以前曾通过分子调查在农业动物中发现过 IDV,但没有分离到活体病毒的报道。本研究成功地从中国的牛体内分离到了活体 IDV,这促使我们进一步研究该病毒在全国的流行情况、抗原特性和感染生物学特性。2022-2023 年,在全国 11.1%(51/460)的牛中检测到 IDV RNA。此外,我们在中国首次开展了IDV血清监测,发现2022-2023年冬季牛的IDV血清流行率很高(91.4%,393/430)。值得注意的是,所有 16 个牛来源省份均有血清阳性动物,其中 3 个省份的 IDV 血清阳性率达到 100%。相比之下,在同一调查期间,猪(3%,3/100)和山羊(1%,1/100)的 IDV 血清阳性率非常低。此外,除了 D/Yama2019 系类 IDV 外,我们还在中国牛群中发现了 D/660 系类 IDV,这是迄今为止在亚洲尚未发现的。最后,中国的 IDV 在不同细胞系中的复制能力很强,但在猪细胞系中的复制效率较低。考虑到中国IDV在全国范围内的分布、高血清流行率和显著的遗传多样性,需要进一步研究以全面评估中国IDV对中国动物和人类健康的风险。
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引用次数: 0
Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boosting with orally administered aerosolized bivalent adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine and B.1.1.529 variant adenovirus type-5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine in adults 18 years and older: a randomized, double blinded, parallel controlled trial. 口服雾化二价腺病毒5型载体新冠肺炎疫苗和B.1.1.529变异腺病毒5号载体新冠肺炎疫苗对18岁及以上成年人异源增强的安全性和免疫原性:一项随机、双盲、平行对照试验。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2023-12-30 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281355
Jia-Wei Xu, Bu-Sen Wang, Ping Gao, Hai-Tao Huang, Fei-Yu Wang, Wei Qiu, Yuan-Yuan Zhang, Yu Xu, Jin-Bo Gou, Lin-Ling Yu, Xuan Liu, Rui-Jie Wang, Tao Zhu, Li-Hua Hou, Qing- Wang

Vaccination strategies that can induce a broad spectrum immune response are important to enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. We conducted a randomized, double-blind and parallel controlled trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the bivalent (5×1010viral particles) and B.1.1.529 variant (5×1010viral particles) adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) vectored COVID-19 vaccines administrated via inhalation. 451 eligible subjects aged 18 years and older who had been vaccinated with three doses inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were randomly assigned to inhale one dose of either B.1.1.529 variant Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, N=150), bivalent Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, N=151), or Ad5 vectored COVID-19 vaccine (5×1010viral particles; Ad5-nCoV-IH group, N=150). Adverse reactions reported by 37 (24.67%) participants in the Ad5-nCoVO-IH group, 28 (18.54%) in the Ad5-nCoV/O-IH group, and 26 (17.33%) in the Ad5-nCoV-IH group with mainly mild to moderate dry mouth, oropharyngeal pain, headache, myalgia, cough, fever and fatigue. No serious adverse events related to the vaccine were reported. Investigational vaccines were immunogenic, with significant difference in the GMTs of neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1 between Ad5-nCoV/O-IH (43.70) and Ad5-nCoV-IH (29.25) at 28 days after vaccination (P=0.0238). The seroconversion rates of neutralizing antibodies against BA.1 in Ad5-nCoVO-IH, Ad5-nCoV/O-IH, and Ad5-nCoV-IH groups were 56.00%, 59.60% and 48.67% with no significant difference among the groups. Overall, the investigational vaccines were demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated in adults, and was highly effective in inducing mucosal immunities in addition to humoral and cellular immune responses defending against SARS-CoV-2 variants.Trial registration: Chictr.org identifier: ChiCTR2200063996.

可以诱导广谱免疫反应的疫苗接种策略对于增强对严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型变异株的保护非常重要。我们进行了一项随机、双盲和平行对照试验,以评估吸入接种的二价(5×1010病毒颗粒)和B.1.1.529变体(5×1010病毒颗粒)5型腺病毒(Ad5)载体新冠肺炎疫苗的安全性和免疫原性。总共451名18岁及以上接种过三剂新冠肺炎灭活疫苗的合格受试者被随机分配吸入一剂B.1.1.529变体Ad5载体新冠肺炎疫苗(Ad5-nCoVO-IH组,N=150)、二价Ad5载体新冠肺炎疫苗(Ad3-nCoV/O-IH组,N=151)、,或Ad5载体新冠肺炎疫苗(5×1010个病毒颗粒;Ad5-nCoV-IH组,N=150)。主要安全性结果包括Ad5-nCoVO IH组37名(24.67%)参与者、Ad5-nCoV/O-IH组28名(18.54%)参与者和Ad5-nCoV-IH组26名(17.33%)参与者报告的不良反应,主要表现为轻度至中度口干、口咽疼痛、头痛、肌痛、咳嗽、发烧和疲劳。未报告与疫苗相关的严重不良事件。所有研究疫苗都是免疫原性的,在接种后28天,Ad5-nCoV/O-IH(43.70)和Ad5-nCoV IH(29.25)之间的针对奥密克戎BA.1的中和抗体GMT差异具有统计学意义(P=0.0238),59.60%和48.67%,差异无统计学意义。总的来说,研究疫苗在成年人中被证明是安全和耐受性良好的,并且在诱导粘膜免疫以及防御严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型变异株的体液和细胞免疫反应方面非常有效。试验注册:Chictr.org标识符:ChiCTR220063996。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemic features and megagenomic analysis of childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae post COVID-19 pandemic: a 6-year study in southern China. COVID-19大流行后儿童肺炎支原体的流行特征和巨基因组分析:华南地区为期 6 年的研究。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-27 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2353298
Yi Xu, Chen Yang, Panpan Sun, Fansen Zeng, Qian Wang, Jianlong Wu, Chunxiao Fang, Che Zhang, Jinping Wang, Yiling Gu, Xiaohuan Wu, Xiaoxian Zhang, Bin Yang, Juhua Yang, Hongwei Zhang, Jiacee Lian, Jinqiu Zhang, Li Huang, Qizhou Lian

With the atypical rise of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (MPI) in 2023, prompt studies are needed to determine the current epidemic features and risk factors with emerging trends of MPI to furnish a framework for subsequent investigations. This multicentre, retrospective study was designed to analyse the epidemic patterns of MPI before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as genotypes and the macrolide-resistance-associated mutations in MP sampled from paediatric patients in Southern China. Clinical data was collected from 1,33,674 patients admitted into investigational hospitals from 1 June 2017 to 30 November 2023. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) data were retrieved based on MP sequence positive samples from 299 paediatric patients for macrolide-resistance-associated mutations analysis. Pearson's chi-squared test was used to compare categorical variables between different time frames. The monthly average cases of paediatric common respiratory infection diseases increased without enhanced public health measures after the pandemic, especially for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus infection, and MPI. The contribution of MPI to pneumoniae was similar to that in the outbreak in 2019. Compared to mNGS data between 2019-2022 and 2023, the severity of MP did not grow stronger despite higher rates of macrolide-resistance hypervariable sites, including loci 2063 and 2064, were detected in childhood MP samples of 2023. Our findings indicated that ongoing surveillance is necessary to understand the impact of post pandemic on MP transmission disruption during epidemic season and the severity of clinical outcomes in different scenarios.

随着 2023 年肺炎支原体感染(MPI)的非典型上升,需要及时开展研究以确定当前的流行特征和风险因素以及 MPI 的新趋势,从而为后续研究提供框架。这项多中心回顾性研究旨在分析 COVID-19 大流行前后肺炎支原体感染的流行模式,以及从华南地区儿科患者中抽取的肺炎支原体的基因型和与大环内酯类药物耐药性相关的突变。临床数据收集自2017年6月1日至2023年11月30日期间调查医院收治的133674名患者。根据 299 名儿科患者的 MP 序列阳性样本检索了元基因组新一代测序(mNGS)数据,用于分析大环内酯类药物耐药性相关突变。采用皮尔逊卡方检验比较不同时间段的分类变量。大流行后,在没有加强公共卫生措施的情况下,儿科常见呼吸道感染疾病的月平均病例数有所增加,尤其是流感、呼吸道合胞病毒感染和 MPI。MPI 对肺炎的贡献与 2019 年爆发时相似。与 2019-2022 年和 2023 年的 mNGS 数据相比,尽管在 2023 年的儿童 MP 样本中检测到了更高比例的大环内酯耐药高变异位点,包括位点 2063 和 2064,但 MP 的严重性并未增强。我们的研究结果表明,有必要进行持续监测,以了解大流行后MP传播中断对流行季节的影响以及不同情况下临床结果的严重程度。
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引用次数: 0
Descriptive epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in British Columbia (B.C.) and the Yukon, Canada, September 2022 to June 2023. 2022年9月至2023年6月加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(B.C.)和育空地区高致病性禽流感H5N1支系2.3.4.4b的描述性流行病学和系统发生学分析。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2392667
Shannon L Russell, Cassandra L Andrew, Kevin C Yang, Michelle Coombe, Glenna McGregor, Tony Redford, Agatha N Jassem, James E A Zlosnik, Jolene Giacinti, Kevin S Kuchinski, John L Palmer, John R Tyson, Chris Fjell, Megan Willie, Megan V Ross, Maeve Winchester, Laurie Wilson, Yohannes Berhane, Caeley Thacker, N Jane Harms, Catherine Soos, Theresa Burns, Natalie Prystajecky, Chelsea Himsworth

Surveillance data from wildlife and poultry was used to describe the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in British Columbia (B.C.) and the Yukon, Canada from September 2022 - June 2023 compared to the first "wave" of the outbreak in this region, which occurred April - August 2022, after the initial viral introduction. Although the number of HPAI-positive poultry farms and wildlife samples was greater in "Wave 2", cases were more tightly clustered in southwestern B.C. and the most commonly affected species differed, likely due to an influx of overwintering waterfowl in the area. Eight HPAI genetic clusters, representing seven genotypes and two inter-continental viral incursions, were detected, with significant variation in the relative abundance of each cluster between the waves. Phylogenetic data suggests multiple spillover events from wild birds to poultry and mammals but could not rule out transmission among farms and among mammals.

利用来自野生动物和家禽的监测数据,描述了2022年9月至2023年6月期间高致病性禽流感(HPAI)2.3.4.4b支系在加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省(B.C.)和育空地区的传播情况,并与该地区在病毒首次传入后于2022年4月至8月爆发的第一 "波 "进行了比较。虽然 "第二波 "中高致病性禽流感阳性家禽养殖场和野生动物样本的数量更多,但病例更集中于不列颠哥伦比亚省西南部,最常受影响的物种也有所不同,这可能是由于该地区涌入了大量越冬水禽。检测到八个高致病性禽流感基因群,代表七个基因型和两个洲际病毒入侵,各群的相对丰度在不同波次之间存在显著差异。系统发生学数据表明,野鸟向家禽和哺乳动物传播病毒的事件有多次发生,但不能排除在农场之间和哺乳动物之间传播的可能性。
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引用次数: 0
Cryptosporidium species and subtypes in Norway: predominance of C. parvum and emergence of C. mortiferum. 挪威的隐孢子虫种类和亚型:C.parvum的优势和C.mortiferum的出现。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412624
Jahid Hasan Tipu, Audun Sivertsen, Jan-Egil Afset, Lars Sandven, Hanne Brekke, Hilde Marie Lund, Linnea Sofie Elburg, Peter Gaustad, Tore Lier, Liv Reidun Tverelv, Øystein Haarklau Johansen, Lucy J Robertson, Kurt Hanevik

PCR-based diagnostics has revealed the previously largely unknown Cryptosporidium transmission and infections in high-income countries. This study aimed to determine domestic and imported subtypes of Cryptosporidium species in Norway, evaluate their demographic distribution, and identify potential small outbreaks. Cryptosporidium-positive human faecal samples were obtained from six medical microbiology laboratories between February 2022 and January 2024, together with 22 Cryptosporidium-positive animal samples. Species and subtypes were identified by sequencing PCR products from gp60 and SSU rRNA genes. Most cryptosporidiosis cases occurred during late summer/early autumn, primarily in children and young adults. Of 550 human samples, 359 were successfully characterized molecularly (65%), revealing infection with 10 different Cryptosporidium species. C. parvum occurred in 245 (68%) human isolates with IIa and IId being major allele families, with distinct regional distribution patterns of common subtypes. A kindergarten outbreak with 5 cases was due to C. parvum IIaA14G1R1. C. mortiferum was identified in 33 (9.2%) human cases of which 24 were known to be of domestic origin, making it the second most common species in human autochthonous cases in Norway. All C. mortiferum isolates were of the same genotype; XIVaA20G2T1, including 13 cases from a suspected small outbreak in Trøndelag. C. hominis occurred in 68 typed cases (19%), but mostly in infections acquired abroad, with allele families Ib and If occurring most often. In conclusion, this study of recent Cryptosporidium spp. and subtypes in Norway, highlights the predominance of C. parvum and the emergence of C. mortiferum among autochthonous cases.

摘要 基于 PCR 的诊断方法揭示了隐孢子虫在高收入国家的传播和感染情况。本研究旨在确定挪威国内和进口的隐孢子虫亚型,评估其人口分布情况,并确定潜在的小规模爆发。2022 年 2 月至 2024 年 1 月期间,从六个医学微生物实验室获得了隐孢子虫阳性人类粪便样本,以及 22 份隐孢子虫阳性动物样本。通过对 gp60 和 SSU rRNA 基因的 PCR 产物进行测序,确定了隐孢子虫的种类和亚型。大多数隐孢子虫病病例发生在夏末秋初,主要是儿童和青壮年。在 550 份人体样本中,有 359 份样本(65%)成功通过分子鉴定,发现感染了 10 种不同的隐孢子虫。在 245 份(68%)人体分离样本中发现了副猪嗜血杆菌,其中 IIa 和 IId 是主要等位基因家族,常见亚型的地区分布模式各不相同。在幼儿园爆发的 5 起病例中,副噬菌体 IIaA14G1R1 是病原菌。在33例(9.2%)人类病例中发现了C. mortiferum,其中24例已知来自家庭,这使其成为挪威人类自发病例中第二常见的物种。所有C. mortiferum分离株的基因型都相同:XIVaA20G2T1,其中13例疑似来自特伦德拉格(Trøndelag)的小规模疫情。在 68 个分型病例(19%)中出现了人嗜血杆菌,但大多数是在国外感染的,等位基因系 Ib 和 If 最常出现。总之,这项关于挪威近期隐孢子虫属和亚型的研究突出表明,在本地病例中,副猪嗜血杆菌占主导地位,但也出现了人嗜血杆菌。
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引用次数: 0
TianTan vaccinia virus-based EBV vaccines targeting both latent and lytic antigens elicits potent immunity against lethal EBV challenge in humanized mice. 基于天坛疫苗病毒的 EBV 疫苗同时针对潜伏抗原和溶解抗原,可在人源化小鼠体内激发针对致命性 EBV 挑战的强效免疫力。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2412640
Xinyu Zhang, Yanhong Chen, Shuhui Wang, Ling Zhong, Zheng Xiang, Xiao Zhang, Shanshan Zhang, Xiang Zhou, Wanlin Zhang, Yan Zhou, Qiuting Zhang, Jingtong Liang, Yanran Luo, Yufei Wang, Ling Chen, Xiaoping Ye, Qisheng Feng, Mu-Sheng Zeng, Ying Liu, Yi-Xin Zeng, Yiming Shao, Miao Xu

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been related to multiple epithelial cancers and lymphomas. Current efforts in developing a prophylactic EBV vaccine have focused on inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, given the lifelong and persistent nature of EBV infection following primary infection, it is rationalized that an ideal vaccine should elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses targeting multiple stages of the EBV lifecycle. This study used a DNA vector and a TianTan vaccinia virus to express key EBV antigens, including BZLF1, EBNA1, EBNA3B, and gH/gL, to generate multi-antigen vaccines. The multi-antigen vaccine expressing all four antigens and the multi-antigen vaccine expressing BZLF1, EBNA1, and EBNA3B showed comparable protection effects and prevented 100% and 80% of humanized mice, respectively, from EBV-induced fatal B cell lymphoma by activating BZLF1, EBNA1, and EBNA3B specific T cell. The vaccine expressing lytic protein BZLF1 elicited stronger T cell responses and conferred superior protection compared to vaccines targeting single latent EBNA1 or EBNA3B. The vaccine solely expressing gH/gL exhibited no T cell protective effects in our humanized mice model. Our study implicates the potential of EBV vaccines that induce potent cellular responses targeting both latent and lytic phases of the EBV life cycle in the prevention of EBV-induced B cell lymphoma.

摘要天疱疮病毒(EBV)感染与多种上皮癌和淋巴瘤有关。目前,开发预防性 EBV 疫苗的工作主要集中在诱导中和抗体上。然而,鉴于 EBV 感染在原发感染后会终身持续存在,因此理想的疫苗应该针对 EBV 生命周期的多个阶段引起体液免疫和细胞免疫反应。本研究使用 DNA 载体和天坛疫苗病毒表达 EBV 的关键抗原,包括 BZLF1、EBNA1、EBNA3B 和 gH/gL,以产生多抗原疫苗。通过激活 BZLF1、EBNA1 和 EBNA3B 特异性 T 细胞,表达所有四种抗原的多抗原疫苗和表达 BZLF1、EBNA1 和 EBNA3B 的多抗原疫苗显示出了相当的保护效果,分别 100% 和 80% 的人源化小鼠免于 EBV 诱导的致命 B 细胞淋巴瘤。与针对单一潜伏 EBNA1 或 EBNA3B 的疫苗相比,表达溶菌蛋白 BZLF1 的疫苗能激发更强的 T 细胞反应,并提供更优越的保护。在我们的人源化小鼠模型中,仅表达 gH/gL 的疫苗没有表现出 T 细胞保护作用。我们的研究表明,针对 EBV 生命周期的潜伏期和溶解期诱导强效细胞应答的 EBV 疫苗具有预防 EBV 诱导的 B 细胞淋巴瘤的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic variation and evolutionary characteristics of Echovirus 11: new variant within genotype D5 associated with neonatal death found in China. 埃可病毒 11 的基因变异和进化特征:在中国发现与新生儿死亡有关的基因型 D5 中的新变种。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-05 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2361814
Liu Ying, Sun Qiang, Xiao Jinbo, Ren Binzhi, Zhao Hua, Shi Yong, Zhou Shuaifeng, Hong Mei, Zhou Kangping, Cun Jianping, Zeng Yunting, Chen Jianhua, Ge Qiong, Ju Yu, Lu Huanhuan, Li Jichen, Cong Ruyi, Yang Tingting, Wang Rui, Zong Yanjun, Sun Tiantian, Yu Liheng, Wang Xiaoyi, Zhu Shuangli, Yan Dongmei, Ji Tianjiao, Yang Qian, Zhu Zhen, Zhang Yong

Echovirus 11 (E11) has gained attention owing to its association with severe neonatal infections. From 2018 to 2023, a surge in severe neonatal cases and fatalities linked to a novel variant of genotype D5 was documented in China, France, and Italy. However, the prevention and control of E11 variants have been hampered by limited background data on the virus circulation and genetic variance. Therefore, the present study investigated the circulating dynamics of E11 and the genetic variation and molecular evolution of genotype D5 through the collection of strains from the national acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) surveillance system in China during 2000-2022 and genetic sequences published in the GenBank database. The results of this study revealed a prevalent dynamic of E11 circulation, with D5 being the predominant genotype worldwide. Further phylogenetic analysis of genotype D5 indicated that it could be subdivided into three important geographic clusters (D5-CHN1: 2014-2019, D5-CHN2: 2016-2022, and D5-EUR: 2022-2023). Additionally, variant-specific (144) amino acid mutation sites and positive-selection pressure sites (132, 262) were identified in the VP1 region. Cluster-specific recombination patterns were also identified, with CVB5, E6, and CVB4 as the major recombinant viruses. These findings provide a preliminary landscape of E11 circulation worldwide and basic scientific data for further study of the pathogenicity of E11 variants.

埃可病毒 11(E11)因与新生儿严重感染有关而备受关注。2018年至2023年,中国、法国和意大利记录到与基因型D5新型变异体有关的新生儿重症病例和死亡人数激增。然而,由于有关病毒循环和基因变异的背景数据有限,E11变异体的防控工作一直受到阻碍。因此,本研究通过收集 2000-2022 年期间中国全国急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)和手足口病(HFMD)监测系统中的毒株以及 GenBank 数据库中公布的基因序列,研究了 E11 的流行动态以及基因型 D5 的遗传变异和分子进化。研究结果表明,E11 病毒在全球范围内呈流行态势,而 D5 基因型在全球范围内占主导地位。对基因型 D5 的进一步系统发育分析表明,它可细分为三个重要的地理集群(D5-CHN1:2014-2019 年;D5-CHN2:2016-2022 年;D5-EUR:2022-2023 年)。此外,在 VP1 区域还发现了变异特异性(144 个)氨基酸突变位点和正选择压力位点(132、262)。还发现了簇特异性重组模式,CVB5、E6 和 CVB4 是主要的重组病毒。这些发现提供了 E11 在全球范围内传播的初步情况,并为进一步研究 E11 变种的致病性提供了基础科学数据。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic characterization and receptor binding analysis of a novel H5N1 HPAI virus with a H6Nx-derived PA gene in Guangdong, China. 中国广东带有 H6Nx 衍生 PA 基因的新型 H5N1 高致病性禽流感病毒的遗传特征和受体结合分析。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2417857
Jieheng He, Jing Liu, Zhanfei Yan, Gaojie Chen, Runzhi Liu, Yu Yang, Yulin Yan, Sheng Yuan, Jinyue Guo, Yong Li, Hai Yu, Zhaoping Liang, Tao Ren, Shujian Huang, Feng Wen
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引用次数: 0
Detection and phylogenetic analysis of contemporary H14N2 Avian influenza A virus in domestic ducks in Southeast Asia (Cambodia). 东南亚(柬埔寨)家鸭中当代 H14N2 甲型禽流感病毒的检测和系统发育分析。
IF 13.2 2区 医学 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2297552
Jurre Y Siegers, Michelle Wille, Sokhoun Yann, Songha Tok, Sarath Sin, Sokha Chea, Alice Porco, Sreyem Sours, Vutha Chim, Samban Chea, Kimtuo Chhel, Sothyra Tum, San Sorn, Makara Hak, Peter Thielen, Vijaykrishna Dhanasekaran, Erik A Karlsson

Avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia is a complex system with numerous subtypes and a highly porous wild birds-poultry interface. Certain AIV subtypes, such as H14, are underrepresented in current surveillance efforts, leaving gaps in our understanding of their ecology and evolution. The detection of rare subtype H14 in domestic ducks in Southeast Asia comprises a geographic region and domestic bird population previously unassociated with this subtype. These H14 viruses have a complex evolutionary history involving gene reassortment events. They share sequence similarity to AIVs endemic in Cambodian ducks, and Eurasian low pathogenicity and high pathogenicity H5Nx AIVs. The detection of these H14 viruses in Southeast Asian domestic poultry further advances our knowledge of the ecology and evolution of this subtype and reinforces the need for continued, longitudinal, active surveillance in domestic and wild birds. Additionally, in vivo and in vitro risk assessment should encompass rare AIV subtypes, as they have the potential to establish in poultry systems.

摘要 亚洲的禽流感病毒(AIV)是一个复杂的系统,有许多亚型,野禽与家禽之间的联系非常松散。某些 AIV 亚型(如 H14)在目前的监测工作中代表性不足,使我们对其生态学和进化的了解存在差距。在东南亚的家鸭中检测到罕见的 H14 亚型病毒,而该地区和家禽种群以前从未与该亚型病毒有关联。这些 H14 病毒有着复杂的进化史,涉及基因重组事件。它们与柬埔寨鸭子中流行的甲型禽流感病毒以及欧亚低致病性和高致病性 H5Nx 甲型禽流感病毒序列相似。在东南亚家禽中检测到这些 H14 病毒进一步增进了我们对该亚型的生态学和进化的了解,并加强了对家禽和野生鸟类进行持续、纵向和积极监测的必要性。此外,体内和体外风险评估应包括罕见的 AIV 亚型,因为它们有可能在家禽系统中建立。
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引用次数: 0
Heterologous mRNA/MVA delivering trimeric-RBD as effective vaccination regimen against SARS-CoV-2: COVARNA Consortium. 异源 mRNA/MVA 提供三聚体-RBD 作为预防 SARS-CoV-2 的有效疫苗方案:COVARNA 联盟。
IF 8.4 2区 医学 Q1 IMMUNOLOGY Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2387906
Laura Marcos-Villar, Beatriz Perdiguero, María López-Bravo, Carmen Zamora, Laura Sin, Enrique Álvarez, Carlos Óscar S Sorzano, Pedro J Sánchez-Cordón, José M Casasnovas, David Astorgano, Juan García-Arriaza, Shubaash Anthiya, Mireya L Borrajo, Gustavo Lou, Belén Cuesta, Lorenzo Franceschini, Josep L Gelpí, Kris Thielemans, Marta Sisteré-Oró, Andreas Meyerhans, Felipe García, Ignasi Esteban, Núria López-Bigas, Montserrat Plana, María J Alonso, Mariano Esteban, Carmen Elena Gómez

Despite the high efficiency of current SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality, waning immunity and the emergence of resistant variants underscore the need for novel vaccination strategies. This study explores a heterologous mRNA/Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) prime/boost regimen employing a trimeric form of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein compared to a homologous MVA/MVA regimen. In C57BL/6 mice, the RBD was delivered during priming via an mRNA vector encapsulated in nanoemulsions (NE) or lipid nanoparticles (LNP), followed by a booster with a replication-deficient MVA-based recombinant virus (MVA-RBD). This heterologous mRNA/MVA regimen elicited strong anti-RBD binding and neutralizing antibodies (BAbs and NAbs) against both the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain and different variants of concern (VoCs). Additionally, this protocol induced robust and polyfunctional RBD-specific CD4 and CD8 T cell responses, particularly in animals primed with mLNP-RBD. In K18-hACE2 transgenic mice, the LNP-RBD/MVA combination provided complete protection from morbidity and mortality following a live SARS-CoV-2 challenge compared with the partial protection observed with mNE-RBD/MVA or MVA/MVA regimens. Although the mNE-RBD/MVA regimen only protects half of the animals, it was able to induce antibodies with Fc-mediated effector functions besides NAbs. Moreover, viral replication and viral load in the respiratory tract were markedly reduced and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were observed. These results support the efficacy of heterologous mRNA/MVA vaccine combinations over homologous MVA/MVA regimen, using alternative nanocarriers that circumvent intellectual property restrictions of current mRNA vaccine formulations.

尽管目前的 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗在降低 COVID-19 发病率和死亡率方面具有很高的效率,但免疫力的下降和抗药性变种的出现凸显了新型疫苗接种策略的必要性。本研究探讨了一种异源 mRNA/改良安卡拉疫苗(MVA)的原体/增强方案,该方案采用了 SARS-CoV-2 棘波(S)蛋白受体结合域(RBD)的三聚体形式,并与同源 MVA/MVA 方案进行了比较。在 C57BL/6 小鼠中,RBD 通过封装在纳米乳剂(NE)或脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)中的 mRNA 载体在启动过程中递送,然后用复制缺陷的 MVA 重组病毒(MVA-RBD)进行强化。这种异源 mRNA/MVA 方案可针对 SARS-CoV-2 祖毒株和不同的相关变异株(VoCs)激发强效的抗 RBD 结合抗体和中和抗体(BAbs 和 NAbs)。此外,该方案还能诱导强大的多功能 RBD 特异性 CD4 和 CD8 T 细胞反应,尤其是在使用 mLNP-RBD 的动物中。在 K18-hACE2 转基因小鼠中,与 mNE-RBD/MVA 或 MVA/MVA 方案观察到的部分保护相比,LNP-RBD/MVA 组合可在活体 SARS-CoV-2 挑战后提供完全的发病和死亡保护。虽然 mNE-RBD/MVA 方案只能保护一半的动物,但它除了能诱导 NAbs 外,还能诱导具有 Fc 媒介效应功能的抗体。此外,呼吸道中的病毒复制和病毒载量明显减少,促炎细胞因子水平也有所下降。这些结果表明,异源 mRNA/MVA 疫苗组合比同源 MVA/MVA 方案更有效,其使用的替代纳米载体规避了当前 mRNA 疫苗配方的知识产权限制:试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT05226390.
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引用次数: 0
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Emerging Microbes & Infections
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