Egyptian Journal of Petroleum最新文献

The goal of this study was to study the anti-wear properties of grease formulated from waste engine oil (WEO) when additives are added. There were two types of grease formulated namely sodium and fumed silica (FS) greases. The greases were formulated using a weight percentage ratio with and without the addition of additives before the attributes of consistency, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and anti-wear analysis were conducted. Results showed that the addition of additives did not affect the properties of the formulated grease except for that of sodium grease as demonstrated by the FTIR result. Sodium grease produced a spectrum with a peak in the region < 600 cm⁻¹ when analyzed using FTIR. The corrosiveness of the grease toward the copper strip was also low, as determined by class 1 corrosiveness. The addition of additives resulted in no improvement in the anti-wear properties of the grease as the coefficient of friction (COF) was low for the grease without additives than for the grease with additives. However, the addition of additives can reduce the wear scar diameter of the greases. Based on the findings of this investigation, it was found that the addition of additives did not alter the properties of the greases or improve the anti-wear properties of the greases except for the wear scar diameter.

The present research aimed at the removal of Safranin-O (Saf-O) dye and a binary mixture of Saf-O and methylene blue (MB) from an aqueous solution by adsorption onto the surface of magnetite/Ag nanocomposite to find a feasible and an effective route for cleaning the wastewater from these dyes. The nanocomposite was synthesized by the co-precipitation method in the presence of nanosilver which in turn was prepared by the reduction of Ag⁺ by sodium citrate. The nanocomposite was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM techniques. The adsorption of the single Saf-O and its binary mixture with MB was studied under the effect of several experimental conditions. These conditions were the initial concentration of dyes, nanocomposite dose, Ag to magnetite ratio, pH of the medium, presence of salt, time of contact, and solution temperature. The adsorption process followed pseudo-second-order kinetics The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied and the data were best fitted with the Langmuir model confirming monolayer adsorption of dyes. The maximum adsorption capacity was 46.3 mg/g for the single Saf-O and (38.46 + 34.97) for the (Saf-O + MB) binary mixture at 30 °C. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The recyclability of the magnetite/Ag nanocomposite was confirmed through five reusable cycles where it can be considered a promising adsorbent for wastewater treatment from dyes.

This study used core and thin section analysis to investigate the time of soaking and factors that affect the mechanisms presented in the low salinity water (LSW) process. Applying a new injection plan, waterflood tests were conducted to enhance oil recovery (EOR) using the effects of soaking time. Additionally, monitoring of pressure data and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis during the test were examined to investigate the fine movement. The results show that the mechanisms related to it are completely time-dependent. Changes in wettability can be defined in the concept of ion exchange. The fine migration mechanism was observed in the LSW process, but its direct impact on the EOR is under discussion.

A new triazole derivative, (E)-4-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-2H-1,2,4-triazole-3(4H)-thione (DPT), was synthesized and characterized using spectral data. The electrochemical experimental techniques were utilized to evaluate the inhibition efficiency (IE) of DPT for the corrosion of C1018 carbon steel. The studies revealed that, DPT is highly efficient with IE value 90% at 250 ppm. Further, the addition of DPT resulted in the decrease of cathodic as well as anodic current densities which is the indication of mixed-type inhibition. Also, the studies inferred the Langmuir model for DPT-metal adsorption. The surface morphological studies of C1018 carbon steel with and without DPT was investigated using SEM, EDX, and XPS, which indicated the strong adsorption of metal-DPT. Monte-Carlo simulation and Density functional theory approaches had been employed for correlating the structure of DPT and its corrosion inhibition ability. The high IE values of DPT observed in experimental studies were in agreement with the theoretical studies, and hence DPT acts as good inhibitor for the corrosion of C1018 steel.

The phenomenon of oil swelling at the oil-carbonated water (CW) system could be an important mechanism during the water alternating gas (WAG) injection process. Nevertheless, the study of the main mechanisms during water flooding (WF) is a complex topic that has not been well revealed so far, especially for asphaltenic crude oil (ACO) systems. Hence, the main goal of this experimental work is to determine the influence of carbon dioxide (CO₂) within the water phase in the interfacial tension (IFT) between water and crude oil for an extensive range of pressures between 400 psi and 2000 psi (i.e. 2.76–13.79 MPa), under two temperatures of 313.15 and 323.15 K (i.e. 40 and 50 °C) by axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) method. The experimental results demonstrate that the water/ CW and crude oil IFTs decline with time. The value of dynamic IFT (DIFT) between CW and crude oil decreased about 6 mN/m in comparison with the oil–water DIFT. As a result of the CO₂ solubility, the crude oil droplet swells with increasing pressure. When the temperature rises, the effects of increasing entropy phenomena and decline of liquids density is dominant compared to the solubility of CO₂. Thus, the volume of oil droplet increases with temperature, unexpectedly. In addition, as thetemperature increases the water/CW-Oil IFT is slightly reduced over a wide range of pressure evaluated. Nevertheless, there is a slight increase as the pressure increases for the water–oil system. According to the predicted results, interfacial tension of the CW-oil system declines with increasing pressure until the solubility of CO₂ is reached to a maximum value and then approximately remains changeless.

The engine oil contains various performance additives along with polymer-based viscosity index improver, which are made from special types of flexible long chain polymers whose functionality is derived from their thickening efficiency, viscosity-temperature relationship, and shear stability. Olefin copolymers of the type ethylene/propylene copolymer are extensively used as viscosity index improver for engine oil formulations whose performance is a function of their composition, co-monomer sequence distribution and molar mass. Polymer coils interact with base oil and make it increasingly resistant to flow which accounts for substantial changes in viscosity parameters i.e. kinematic viscosities and viscosity index of blended base oils. Intrinsic viscosity of a polymeric solution is an important “dilute solution viscosity” parameter, which is easily measurable using Ubbelohde viscometer.

In the present work, intrinsic viscosity of twenty samples of laboratory synthesized olefin copolymer in cyclohexane at 30 °C were correlated with their thickening efficiencies, kinematic viscosities of the olefin copolymer blended base oils at 40 °C and 100 °C. These correlation studies enable prediction of performance of olefin copolymer in blended base oil based on an easily and quickly measurable intrinsic viscosity parameter, leading to faster screening of large number of olefin copolymers for their utility as viscosity index improver in lubricants, in a short span of time with limited resources.

The biosurfactant-producing bacterial isolate was isolated from an oil-contaminated water sample. This study aimed to determine the production of biosurfactant and its effect on the plant growth via the biosorption of some heavy metals. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Bacillus megaterium ATTC 14581. The surface activity of the produced biosurfactant was determined. The biosurfactant was recovered from the cell-free culture of a bacterial strain at 1.5 g/L. The extracted biosurfactant shows potential stability towards some factors, like temperature and salinity. The FTIR analysis confirmed the production of surfactin biosurfactant. The impact of B. megaterium biosurfactant on Pb and Ar significantly increases morphological features, proline, and antioxidant enzymes, while a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation, H₂O₂, and O₂.

Corrosion inhibition ability of synthesized Schiff base namely, N-(5-methoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene) isonicotinohydrazide (NMHI) on copper in 3.5% NaCl solution was studied via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PP) and gravimetric study. Results showed NMHI to inhibit copper corrosion in chloride solution. The inhibition efficiency of NMHI was enhanced with an increase in the concentration but decreases with rising temperature. Maximum value of 97.7% inhibition efficiency was obtained with weight loss measurement at 303 K for the highest NMHI concentration (1 × 10^-3 M) used. Polarization studies indicated that NMHI acted as mixed kind of inhibitor. The Nyquist plot revealed that double-layer capacitance (C_dl) declined and charge-transfer resistance (R_ct) was enhanced with increase in NMHI concentrations, involving increased inhibition efficiency. NMHI adsorption onto the surface of copper obeyed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the morphology of uninhibited and inhibited copper surfaces.

NEAG 2 field is one of the key economic oil fields in the company that was contributing to 35% of total liquid production in 2016. Despite that, the full field potentiality is still not estimated precisely. The field lies within the Northeast part of Abu El-Gharadig (NEAG Extension concession). Albian-Cenomanian Kharita-Bahariya is the targeted reservoir section. The reservoir distribution trends are not clear and cannot be predicted easily. Thus, the main uncertainty is to trace the reservoir extension. Since inversions of seismic into absolute impedance rely on well data for their parameterization, they are typically conducted in brownfields like NEAG 2. In addition, the reservoir quality and thickness in NEAG 2 encouraged the application of the seismic inversion approach, to gain a large-scale insight into the reservoir distribution qualitatively and quantitatively, if possible. Also, to mitigate the reservoir trends uncertainty, and assess its spatial continuity in the uncalibrated areas. There were some concerns about the seismic quality, although, several trials were implemented to get the best results and overcome the seismic vagueness. The post-stack seismic inversion workflow was applied in Hampson-Russel Software Suite. A Deterministic approach was followed by a Stochastic approach in an adopted workflow. The workflow was accomplished by generating several Stochastic Impedance realizations. To cover the uncertainty range, P10, P50 and, P90 realizations were generated and analyzed. Additionally, a connectivity analysis was done, to compute the probability of communication between the wells. The inverted volume helped to distinguish between different reservoir bodies' geometries and dimensions, which cannot be revealed from the conventional seismic interpretation. The reservoir bodies were resolved and quantified as channels and bars. Followed by the Stochastic workflow which produced multiple realizations, allowing the seismic uncertainty to be assessed. This research work will be the first of its kind for the Kharita-Bahariya section in NE Abu-Gharadig Basin.