IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140359

Junfeng Huang , Zhongwei Meng , Jianbing Gao , Xiaochen Wang , Yunge Zhao , Mingxu Qi

Exploring the changes of soot emissions from ammonia/diesel engines in the exhaust process is essential for developing specialized emission control strategies. This study investigates the evolution pattern in physiochemical properties of soot from ammonia/diesel engines along the after-treatment devices. The results show that the C-H and C-N functional groups are formed after soot passing through diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), while the catalytic diesel particulate filter (CDPF) facilitates the decomposition of C-H groups and the conversion of C-N to C=N functional groups. The degree of soot graphitization gradually increases in the exhaust process, with DOC exhibiting the significant effects on the D1 carbon component, while the CDPF mainly acts on the D3 and D4 carbon components. DOC reduces the degree of soot agglomeration, causing a slight shift in the particle size distribution towards small diameter. In contrast, diesel particulate filter (DPF) or CDPF enhances the soot agglomeration. The orderliness of soot nanostructure increases in the exhaust process, and the length of microcrystals shifts towards large microcrystalline size, accompanied by soot edge oxidation affected by CDPF. The DOC and DPF reduce the content of C=O functional groups, while the CDPF promotes the generation of oxygen-containing groups. In addition, the nitrogen-containing groups such as pyridine structure compounds (N-6), pyrrole structure compounds (N-5) and nitrogen oxides (N-O_x) gradually decrease during the exhaust.

研究氨柴油发动机在排气过程中烟尘排放的变化，对于制定专门的排放控制策略至关重要。本文研究了氨/柴油机烟尘沿后处理装置的理化性质演变规律。结果表明，烟灰经过柴油氧化催化剂（DOC）后形成C- h和C-N官能团，而催化柴油微粒过滤器（CDPF）有利于C- h官能团的分解和C-N向C=N官能团的转化。烟尘石墨化程度在排气过程中逐渐增加，其中DOC对D1碳组分的影响显著，而CDPF主要作用于D3和D4碳组分。DOC降低了煤烟的结块程度，使粒径分布略微向小直径方向偏移。而柴油颗粒过滤器（DPF）或柴油颗粒过滤器（CDPF）则会促进油烟的结块。在排气过程中，烟尘纳米结构的有序度增加，微晶长度向大微晶尺寸偏移，并伴有CDPF影响的烟尘边缘氧化。DOC和DPF降低了C=O官能团的含量，而CDPF促进了含氧基团的生成。此外，含氮基团如吡啶结构化合物（N-6）、吡咯结构化合物（N-5）和氮氧化物（N-Ox）在排气过程中逐渐减少。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of parabolic breakwater on the safety characteristics of shared mooring floating oscillating water column devices array under freak waves 抛物线型防波堤对共享系泊浮动振荡水柱装置阵列在异常波作用下安全特性的影响

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140336

Changdong Wei , Yanjun Liu , Shuting Huang , Gang Xue , Zhenyu Yuan , Mingchen Li

The energy capture efficiency of oscillating water column (OWC) device can be enhanced through the focusing effect of waves by a parabolic breakwater (PB). However, the focusing effect may also increase the survival threat to devices under extreme sea conditions. This paper conducted a fully coupled high-fidelity numerical simulation study to investigate the interaction process between freak waves and the combined PB-OWC array system. A numerical coupling model using discrete element method (DEM) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was established to realize the coupling between PB-OWC array, shared moorings, and freak waves. The combined wave focusing model and the push plate wave-making theory were used to simulate the freak waves. Hydrodynamic motion response, wave pressure, mooring tension and captured power of a 5-OWCs array under shared mooring with and without the PB were analyzed. Results show that the PB diminishes extreme wave forces on OWCs during the theoretical freak wave period, enhancing survivability while increasing higher-order wave forces. The extreme mooing tension on the seaward side is reduced by 26.2%. The PB leads to more stable pressure and flow velocity in device at the central of the array, resulting in a significantly higher energy capture compared to outer devices. However, the PB increases wave slamming pressure on the leeward side of central OWC and causes negative pressure at higher elevations. For the 5-OWCs array without PB, the seaward slamming pressures of OWCs exhibit strong nonlinearity and a double-peak phenomenon, with the second slamming occurring after the freak wave period.

利用抛物型防波堤对波浪的聚焦效应，可以提高振荡水柱装置的能量捕获效率。然而，聚焦效应也可能增加设备在极端海况下的生存威胁。本文采用全耦合高保真数值模拟研究了畸形波与组合PB-OWC阵列系统的相互作用过程。采用离散元法（DEM）和计算流体力学（CFD）建立数值耦合模型，实现了PB-OWC阵列、共享系泊和畸形波之间的耦合。采用组合波聚焦模型和推板造波理论对异常波进行了模拟。分析了5-OWCs列阵共享系泊时的水动力运动响应、波浪压力、系泊张力和捕获功率。结果表明，在理论异常波周期内，PB减小了对OWCs的极端波浪力，提高了OWCs的生存能力，同时增加了高阶波浪力。向海侧的极端移动张力降低了26.2%。PB使得阵列中心的设备压力和流速更稳定，与外部设备相比，能量捕获明显更高。然而，PB增加了海面中央背风侧的波击压力，并在高海拔处造成负压。对于无PB的5-OWCs阵列，OWCs向海冲击压力表现出较强的非线性和双峰现象，第二次冲击发生在异常波周期之后。

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引用次数: 0

Full-scale experimental study on external explosion dynamics induced by liquefied petroleum gas explosion in residential environment 居住环境中液化石油气爆炸诱发外爆炸动力学的全尺寸实验研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140365

Qianran Hu , Xiaojie Wang , Qi Zhang , Huijie Yang , Xinming Qian , Pengliang Li , Mengqi Yuan

With the widespread popularization of energy, gas explosion accidents in urban residential areas occur frequently. To investigate the dynamics and disaster characteristics of external gas explosions in residential environments, a 100 m² full-scale liquefied petroleum gas explosion experimental platform was employed to study the dynamic mechanism of external explosions induced by multiple vents, as well as the propagation characteristics of shock waves and flames. Studies have shown that the long-depth and high-blocking residential environment significantly promoted flame acceleration and pressure accumulation. Under the geometric constraints of doors and windows, the shock wave focusing effect induced by the outdoor venting gas jet was enhanced, which made the Mach disk-like zone with high temperature and high pressure was easier to form and the conditions were more extreme, thus more likely to trigger high-intensity external explosion. The spatial distribution of external explosion overpressure was influenced by both the ignition position and the vent characteristics. Due to the long-distance acceleration of indoor flame and the significant formation of an outdoor Mach disk-like structure, a severe explosion with an overpressure peak of 138 kPa was generated outside the vent far from the ignition. The semi-empirical prediction model indicated that the external explosion peak overpressure exhibited a superlinear amplification pattern with respect to the indoor initial explosion intensity. The failure of multiple doors and windows resulted in multiple external explosions. The shock wave velocity fluctuated in a wavy manner due to turbulent combustion and ground Mach reflection, with the maximum velocity reaching 1079 m/s. Influenced by the external explosion, the explosion-venting flame ultimately formed an inverted spoon-shaped flame consisting of a 'stem' and a 'head'. A typical flame temperature structure of 'white flame core-orange inner flame-purple red outer flame' was formed outdoors, and finally transitioned to a temperature distribution dominated by jet flame.

随着能源的广泛普及，城市居民区瓦斯爆炸事故频发。为了研究居住环境外瓦斯爆炸的动力学和灾害特性，采用100 m2全尺寸液化石油气爆炸实验平台，研究了多通风口诱发外瓦斯爆炸的动力学机理，以及冲击波和火焰的传播特性。研究表明，长深度、高阻隔的居住环境显著促进了火焰加速和压力积累。在门窗几何约束下，室外排气射流诱导的激波聚焦效应增强，使得高温高压的马赫盘状区域更容易形成，条件更加极端，更容易引发高强度外爆。外爆超压的空间分布受点火位置和排气特性的影响。由于室内火焰的远距离加速和室外马赫盘状结构的显著形成，在远离点火的通风口外产生了超压峰值为138 kPa的剧烈爆炸。半经验预测模型表明，外部爆炸峰值超压相对于室内初始爆炸强度呈超线性放大模式。多扇门窗的损坏导致了多次外部爆炸。由于湍流燃烧和地面马赫反射，激波速度呈波浪状波动，最大速度达到1079 m/s。受外部爆炸的影响，排爆火焰最终形成由“茎”和“头”组成的倒勺状火焰。在室外形成了典型的“白色火焰核心-橙色内火焰-紫红色外火焰”的火焰温度结构，最终过渡到以喷射火焰为主的温度分布。

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引用次数: 0

Pilot-scale investigation and simulation-based optimization of MDEA/PZ for post-combustion CO2 capture MDEA/PZ燃烧后CO2捕集的中试研究与仿真优化

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140387

Haoqin Zhuang , Yindi Zhang , Shadrack Adjei Takyi , Jianrong Lv , Zhenhua Lei , Yue Xin , Paitoon Tontiwachwuthikuld

N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) is extensively applied in CO₂ capture processes owing to its low energy consumption and high capacity, with its absorption performance significantly enhanced when blended with piperazine (PZ). To lower the energy consumption of post-combustion capture processes (PCC), this study integrates pilot-scale experiments with process simulation to investigate energy-saving optimizations. Using an aqueous solution of piperazine-activated MDEA (35% MDEA, 3.5% PZ, and 61.5% H₂O by mass) as the absorbent, investigating the CO₂ removal efficiency and regeneration energy consumption under different L/G ratios on a pilot-scale plant. Based on this, a process model was established using HYSYS software, and an improved decarbonization process, termed “semi-lean solution reflux + lean solution waste heat utilization + mechanical vapor recompression (SLR + WHU + MVR)," was proposed. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilized to investigate the influence of semi-lean solution flow rate, lean solution flow rate, semi-lean solution split ratio, and vapor pressure on the regeneration energy consumption of the modified process. RSM optimization yielded optimal parameters: semi-lean solution flow rate of 0.0012 m³/h, lean solution flow rate of 0.004 m³/h, semi-lean solution reflux ratio of 0.13, and vapor pressure of 728.117 kPa. The regeneration energy consumption of the improved process under these parameters was 5.545 MJ/kg, which is a 10.3% reduction compared to the base model.

n -甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）因其能耗低、容量大而广泛应用于CO2捕集工艺中，与哌嗪（PZ）混合后，其吸收性能显著增强。为了降低燃烧后捕获过程（PCC）的能耗，本研究将中试实验与过程模拟相结合，研究节能优化。以哌嗪活化的MDEA水溶液（MDEA为35%，PZ为3.5%，H2O质量比为61.5%）为吸附剂，在中试装置上考察了不同L/G比下的CO2脱除效率和再生能耗。在此基础上，利用HYSYS软件建立了工艺模型，提出了“半贫液回流+贫液余热利用+机械蒸汽再压缩（SLR + WHU + MVR）”的改进脱碳工艺。利用响应面法（RSM）研究了半贫液流量、半贫液流量、半贫液分流比和蒸汽压对改进工艺再生能耗的影响。RSM优化得到的最佳参数为：半贫液流量0.0012 m3/h，贫液流量0.004 m3/h，半贫液回流比0.13，蒸汽压728.117 kPa。在这些参数下，改进工艺的再生能耗为5.545 MJ/kg，比基本模型降低了10.3%。

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引用次数: 0

Reliability assessment and optimization for large-scale natural draft wet cooling system in nuclear power plants 核电站大型自然通风湿式冷却系统可靠性评估与优化

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140270

Jiacun Li , Xuan Zhang , Wenjie Zhang , Rongyong Zhang , Yushan Li , Xiaoze Du , Huimin Wei

Large-scale natural draft wet cooling systems (NDWCs) have become the primary cold-end system for nuclear power plants (NPPs). However, it suffers from reduced safety, reliability and economy due to strong random disturbance issues from both power grid and climate. Accordingly, evaluating and strengthening the stability of NDWCs is essential for enhancing the overall reliability of NPPs. This study develops an environmental boundary quantification model to characterize the operating state space of the power plant cooling system, thereby enabling effective capture of random reliability disturbances in nuclear power plants caused by climate fluctuations. Furthermore, a SHAP-weighted GA optimization (Shapley additive explanations) is used to analyze interpretable trade-offs between reliability and economics, thereby achieving synergistic improvements in stability and cost-effectiveness. Ultimately, system robustness is co-optimized through the thermo-flow synergistic effects of the cooling tower structure, where enhanced draft and ventilation performance contribute to stable operation under environmental conditions. The optimized design results in a net power increase of 977 million kWh per year, a 3.95% increase in annual revenue, approximately $1.163 million, and an average backpressure reduced by 0.09 kPa compared to the original design. These improvements significantly enhance the economic performance and operational reliability of the nuclear power system. This approach provides theoretical support for the design of nuclear power cooling systems to address environmental uncertainties.

大型自然通风湿式冷却系统（NDWCs）已成为核电站的主要冷端系统。然而，由于电网和气候的强随机干扰问题，它的安全性、可靠性和经济性降低。因此，评价和加强NDWCs的稳定性对提高核电厂的整体可靠性至关重要。本研究建立了一种环境边界量化模型来表征电厂冷却系统的运行状态空间，从而能够有效捕获因气候波动引起的核电厂随机可靠性扰动。此外，使用Shapley加性解释（Shapley additive explanation）的shap加权遗传优化来分析可靠性和经济性之间的可解释权衡，从而实现稳定性和成本效益的协同改进。最终，通过冷却塔结构的热流协同效应共同优化系统的稳健性，其中增强的通风和通风性能有助于在环境条件下稳定运行。优化后的设计结果是，每年净功率增加9.77亿千瓦时，年收入增加3.95%，约116.3万美元，平均背压比原设计降低0.09 kPa。这些改进大大提高了核电系统的经济性能和运行可靠性。该方法为核电冷却系统的设计提供了理论支持，以解决环境的不确定性。

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引用次数: 0

Unified 3E modeling and capacity planning for micro-energy systems 微能源系统的统一3E建模与容量规划

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140349

Jianrun Chen , Xin Yin , Zipeng Liang , Xinquan Chen , Haoyong Chen , Dipti Srinivasan

Energy, exergy, and exergoeconomics (3E) analysis provides a systematic and comprehensive means of considering differences in quality and value among various types of energy in integrated energy systems (IESs). However, existing 3E frameworks for IES analysis are not sufficiently convenient, systematic, or comprehensive owing to a failure to evaluate exergoeconomic indicators from a long-term planning perspective and an absence of efficient methods for solving long-term models. The present work addresses these issues by developing a unified 3E analysis framework for micro-energy systems (MESs). First, a generalized and unified 3E analysis model is developed to capture system information comprehensively. Furthermore, 3E-based system capacity configuration and evaluation models are established for optimizing the exergy economics of users and evaluating 3E indicators across various paths and subsystems. Second, linearization methods and an improved Benders decomposition algorithm are employed to solve the optimization model efficiently within a limited solution time. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed models and methods are verified based on the results of case studies involving an MES with combined cooling, heating, and electric energy forms.

能源、能源和燃烧经济学（3E）分析提供了一种系统和全面的方法来考虑综合能源系统（IESs）中不同类型能源之间的质量和价值差异。然而，现有的用于IES分析的3E框架不够方便、系统或全面，因为未能从长期规划的角度评估工作经济指标，并且缺乏解决长期模型的有效方法。目前的工作通过开发微能源系统（MESs）的统一3E分析框架来解决这些问题。首先，建立了一个通用的、统一的3E分析模型，以全面捕获系统信息。在此基础上，建立了基于3E的系统容量配置与评价模型，以优化用户的用能经济性，并对各路径、各子系统的3E指标进行评价。其次，采用线性化方法和改进的Benders分解算法，在有限的求解时间内高效求解优化模型。最后，基于案例研究的结果验证了所提出模型和方法的有效性，该案例研究涉及冷、热、电混合能源形式的MES。

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引用次数: 0

Dual role of silicon in potassium-induced ash deposition: Low-Temperature mitigation and high-temperature aggravation mechanisms 硅在钾诱导灰沉积中的双重作用：低温缓解和高温加剧机制

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140197

Liangqian Zheng , Zhongyi Liu , Jing Jin , Xiaojiang Wu , Baoming Chen

Potassium-induced ash deposition constrains biomass utilization. Although silicon addition can mitigate ash deposition by immobilizing potassium, it may also intensify melt-induced deposition, and the relative severity of potassium-release- versus silicate-melting-induced deposition remains unresolved. To address this gap, this study introduces a new quantitative ash-adhesion-strength parameter and, coupled with molecular dynamics simulations, demonstrates that strongly adherent, melt-driven K–silicate deposits are more detrimental than potassium condensation deposits. Analyses of silicon-poor sunflower hulls (SH) and silicon-rich rice straw (RS) are contrasted to clarify the dual effects of silicon. For SH, deposition is dominated by potassium condensation. Ash shrinkage begins near 800 °C but adhesion remains weak because KCl and K₂SO₄ show low binding energies on Fe₂O₃(110). The low Si/Al ratio favors high-melting KAlSiO₄, giving a stepwise shrinkage curve and delaying melt-induced deposition to higher temperatures. For RS, potassium release still governs deposition below 900 °C but is suppressed by its higher silicon content. However, the deposition mechanism transitions to a melt-dominated process above 900 °C: the formation of low-melting K₂Si₄O₉ and K–Ca–Si phases trigger rapid ash shrinkage and melting around 900 °C. Strong Fe–O–Si covalent bonds at the K₂Si₄O₉/Fe₂O₃(110) interface yield intrinsic adsorption energies far exceeding those of KCl and K₂SO₄; hence, capillary forces and interfacial bonding jointly amplify adhesion strength. Overall, silicon additives suppress chloride/sulfate activity and condensation-induced deposition within low-temperature window (<900 °C). At elevated temperatures, they exacerbate melt-induced deposition, which can be more detrimental than condensation-induced deposition and therefore require stringent control of silicon speciation and operating conditions.

钾诱导的灰分沉积限制了生物质的利用。虽然硅的加入可以通过固定钾来减轻灰的沉积，但它也可能加剧熔融诱导的沉积，钾释放与硅酸盐熔化诱导沉积的相对严重程度仍未得到解决。为了解决这一差距，本研究引入了一个新的定量灰粘接强度参数，并结合分子动力学模拟，证明了强粘接、熔融驱动的钾硅酸盐沉积物比钾凝聚沉积物更有害。通过对贫硅向日葵壳（SH）和富硅稻秆（RS）的对比分析，阐明了硅的双重作用。对于SH，沉积主要是钾的缩聚。在800℃左右灰分开始收缩，但由于KCl和K2SO4在Fe2O3上的结合能较低，因此附着力仍然很弱（110）。低Si/Al比有利于高熔点的KAlSiO4，形成逐步收缩曲线，延迟熔体诱导沉积到更高温度。对于RS，在900°C以下，钾释放仍然支配着沉积，但由于其较高的硅含量而受到抑制。然而，在900°C以上，沉积机制转变为以熔体为主的过程：低熔点K2Si4O9和K-Ca-Si相的形成引发了900°C左右的快速灰分收缩和熔化。K2Si4O9/Fe2O3（110）界面上强Fe-O-Si共价键产生的本征吸附能远远超过KCl和K2SO4；因此，毛细力和界面结合共同增强了粘附强度。总体而言，硅添加剂在低温窗口（<900°C）内抑制氯/硫酸盐活性和冷凝诱导沉积。在高温下，它们会加剧熔体诱导沉积，这比冷凝诱导沉积更有害，因此需要严格控制硅的形态和操作条件。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating experimental and theoretical approaches for seasonal performance analysis of an open solar photovoltaic/thermal pool system 开放式太阳能光伏/热池系统季节性性能分析的实验与理论结合方法

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140364

Jiechuang Peng , Chenglong Luo , Junjie Zong , Qingyang Jiang , Ruili Peng , Hua Zhang

The open solar photovoltaic/thermal pool (SSP-PV/T) system can effectively meet energy demands and extend the swimming season, yet the dynamic energy-exchange mechanism inherent to its open water surface establishes a strong seasonal dependence in system performance. To address this challenge, this study conducted grid-connected comparative experiments under summer and winter conditions to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. An inverse-problem approach was employed to compare the theoretical heat-exchange model of the swimming pool with experimental data, thereby identifying the influencing factors of various heat gain and heat loss components. The results show that the winter peak photovoltaic efficiency exceeded the summer value. During the effective operating period, the total efficiency of the hybrid photovoltaic/thermal module was 44.28% in summer and 39.70% in winter, while the total system efficiency was 37.91% and 37.17%, respectively. The average evaporative loss rate reached 1.30 MJ/h in summer and 1.22 MJ/h in winter, constituting approximately 70% of the total pool heat loss in both seasons. The convective loss rate was 0.27 MJ/h in summer compared to 0.14 MJ/h in winter. The radiative loss rate was higher in winter at 0.30 MJ/h compared to 0.27 MJ/h in summer. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the seasonal operation and regulation of the SSP-PV/T system.

开放式太阳能光伏/热池（SSP-PV/T）系统可以有效满足能源需求，延长游泳季节，但其开放水面所固有的动态能量交换机制对系统性能产生了较强的季节依赖性。为了解决这一挑战，本研究在夏季和冬季条件下进行了并网比较实验，以阐明潜在的机制。采用反问题的方法将游泳池的理论换热模型与实验数据进行对比，从而确定各热增益和热损失分量的影响因素。结果表明：冬季光伏效率峰值超过夏季；在有效运行期内，夏季和冬季光伏/热混合组件总效率分别为44.28%和39.70%，系统总效率分别为37.91%和37.17%。夏季平均蒸发损失率为1.30 MJ/h，冬季平均蒸发损失率为1.22 MJ/h，约占两个季节池热损失总量的70%。夏季对流损失率为0.27 MJ/h，冬季为0.14 MJ/h。冬季的辐射损失率为0.30 MJ/h，夏季为0.27 MJ/h。这些研究结果为SSP-PV/T系统的季节性运行和调控提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Multiphysics synergy analysis of light, CO2 mass transfer and fluid dynamics in microalgae photobioreactors 微藻光生物反应器中光、CO2传质和流体动力学的多物理场协同分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140388

Rui-Long Wang , Ming-Jia Li , Xin Yang

Photobioreactors (PBR) are critical systems for cultivating microalgae, offering promising applications in carbon sequestration and sustainable bioresource production. Achieving optimal reactor performance requires an integrated understanding of light distribution, CO₂ mass transfer, and fluid flow dynamics. This study develops a comprehensive multiphysics evaluation method to assess photobioreactor performance by examining the synergistic interactions among these three physical fields. First, a novel synergy angle evaluation diagram considering the synergy angle between light and fluid flow (θ) and the synergy angle between CO₂ mass transfer and fluid flow (φ) is introduced to quantify these interactions, enabling a systematic approach to reactor performance assessment and optimization. Then, by adopting the multiphysics synergy analysis method of illumination, CO₂ mass transfer and fluid dynamics, the performance of various photobioreactor configurations, including flat-plate PBRs and column PBRs are evaluated with computational fluid dynamics. Finally, the evaluation results guide the structural optimization of PBRs, leading to significant improvements in microalgal growth and carbon sequestration efficiency. Several optimized structures of microalgae photobioreactors are proposed. This work provides a framework for analyzing and optimizing photobioreactor systems, contributing to the advancement of microalgae-based technologies for environmental and industrial applications.

光生物反应器（PBR）是培养微藻的关键系统，在固碳和可持续生物资源生产方面具有广阔的应用前景。实现最佳反应器性能需要对光分布、CO2传质和流体流动动力学有全面的了解。本研究开发了一种综合的多物理场评价方法，通过检查这三个物理场之间的协同相互作用来评估光生物反应器的性能。首先，引入光与流体流动协同角（θ）和CO2传质与流体流动协同角（φ）的协同角评价图，对光与流体流动协同角进行量化，为反应器性能评价和优化提供系统方法。然后，采用光照、CO2传质和流体力学的多物理场协同分析方法，用计算流体力学方法对平板式和柱式两种光生物反应器构型的性能进行了评价。最后，评价结果对pbr的结构优化具有指导作用，微藻生长和固碳效率显著提高。提出了几种优化的微藻光生物反应器结构。这项工作为分析和优化光生物反应器系统提供了一个框架，为环境和工业应用的微藻技术的进步做出了贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Performance study and multi-objective optimization of 3D cylindrical oscillating water column wave energy converter: balancing efficiency and structural cost 三维圆柱振荡水柱波能转换器性能研究与多目标优化：平衡效率与结构成本

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140337

Xu Huang , Chusen Lin , Yifeng Yang , Peng Jin , Hengming Zhang , Tianning Tang , Binzhen Zhou

Striking a balance between energy conversion efficiency and manufacturing costs is crucial for the successful commercialization of wave energy technologies. To achieve this goal, this study first develops a multi-objective optimization framework based on a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. This model is then integrated with a surrogate-based optimization algorithm to efficiently optimize the geometry of a cylindrical oscillating water column wave energy converter (OWC-WEC). This novel framework is designed to enhance energy conversion performance while minimizing computational expense. From the numerical results, it is known that the underwater external structure of the OWC device plays a critical role in energy conversion. Furthermore, the draft of the device significantly influences the optimal wave period for maximum power extraction. An increase in wall thickness impedes the ingress of water particles into the chamber and raises manufacturing costs. The opening ratio of the device affects the aerodynamic damping coefficient, which in turn governs the energy conversion efficiency. Under different sea states, optimal configurations tailored to each scenario can be conducted. The optimized design achieves an energy conversion efficiency more than 0.6, with an average efficiency improvement across the operational sea state range, and a maximum increase of 237.8% in specific power output (power per unit structural mass). The methodology provides valuable insights into the integrated hydrodynamic and structural optimization of OWC-WECs.

在能量转换效率和制造成本之间取得平衡对于波浪能技术的成功商业化至关重要。为了实现这一目标，本研究首先建立了一个基于三维计算流体力学（CFD）模型的多目标优化框架。然后，将该模型与基于代理的优化算法相结合，有效地优化了圆柱形振荡水柱波能转换器（OWC-WEC）的几何结构。这种新颖的框架旨在提高能量转换性能，同时最大限度地减少计算费用。从数值计算结果可知，水下水射流装置的外部结构在能量转换中起着至关重要的作用。此外，该装置的吃水显著影响最大功率提取的最佳波周期。壁厚的增加阻碍了水颗粒进入腔室并提高了制造成本。装置的开度比影响气动阻尼系数，气动阻尼系数又影响能量转换效率。在不同的海况下，可以针对每种情况进行最优配置。优化设计实现了大于0.6的能量转换效率，在整个运行海况范围内平均效率提高，比输出功率（单位结构质量功率）最大提高237.8%。该方法为OWC-WECs的综合水动力和结构优化提供了有价值的见解。

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