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Design and operation of hybrid ground source heat pump systems: A review
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134537
J.L. Wang , Ting Yan , Xin Tang , W.G. Pan
Ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology as an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for heating and cooling systems has gained widespread attention. However, issues such as soil thermal imbalance and high investment costs have limited its large-scale application. Hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) systems integrate renewable energy sources such as solar power, alleviating environmental concerns associated with single GSHP operation and further enhancing the system performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview from the perspectives of design, configuration, and intelligent control optimization on how to enhance the coupling effects between GSHP systems and auxiliary systems including renewable energy systems and control systems to guarantee the flexibility, efficiency, and sustainability of hybrid systems. In terms of design optimization, the selection of key parameters such as heat exchanger layout and fluid circulation paths have been described in detail to ensure that the size of the HGSHP system can effectively meet the load demands. Regarding the configuration optimization, the appropriate configurations forms of ground source and auxiliary energy are selected based on the different climatic conditions and energy supply situations to maximize the system's energy utilization efficiency. For the intelligent control optimization, the advanced control algorithms and intelligent control strategies available to predict, monitor, and adjust the system's operational status have been elaborated for intelligent management and optimization of energy utilization. Through the comprehensive optimization strategies, the HGSHP system can offers the robust support for low-carbon sustainable building energy utilization. It is expected that this timely review and summaries of research progress in this field can provide some rewarding insights for future investigations of HGSHP and promote the wider application of HGSHP systems.
{"title":"Design and operation of hybrid ground source heat pump systems: A review","authors":"J.L. Wang ,&nbsp;Ting Yan ,&nbsp;Xin Tang ,&nbsp;W.G. Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ground source heat pump (GSHP) technology as an efficient and environmentally friendly solution for heating and cooling systems has gained widespread attention. However, issues such as soil thermal imbalance and high investment costs have limited its large-scale application. Hybrid ground source heat pump (HGSHP) systems integrate renewable energy sources such as solar power, alleviating environmental concerns associated with single GSHP operation and further enhancing the system performance. This review provides a comprehensive overview from the perspectives of design, configuration, and intelligent control optimization on how to enhance the coupling effects between GSHP systems and auxiliary systems including renewable energy systems and control systems to guarantee the flexibility, efficiency, and sustainability of hybrid systems. In terms of design optimization, the selection of key parameters such as heat exchanger layout and fluid circulation paths have been described in detail to ensure that the size of the HGSHP system can effectively meet the load demands. Regarding the configuration optimization, the appropriate configurations forms of ground source and auxiliary energy are selected based on the different climatic conditions and energy supply situations to maximize the system's energy utilization efficiency. For the intelligent control optimization, the advanced control algorithms and intelligent control strategies available to predict, monitor, and adjust the system's operational status have been elaborated for intelligent management and optimization of energy utilization. Through the comprehensive optimization strategies, the HGSHP system can offers the robust support for low-carbon sustainable building energy utilization. It is expected that this timely review and summaries of research progress in this field can provide some rewarding insights for future investigations of HGSHP and promote the wider application of HGSHP systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134537"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development and assessment of a nuclear-based hydrogen production facility operated on a boron-based magnesium chloride cycle
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134446
Sulenur Asal , Adem Acır , Ibrahim Dincer
This present study aims to develop a newly integrated energy system with three different sub-systems, including an open feedwater Rankine cycle and hydrogen production cycle. The proposed system is considered to be driven by pebble bed modular nuclear reactor, where each twin reactor can generate 400.00 MWth heat at 750°C. Within the scope of the proposed study, the boron-based magnesium chloride cycle is investigated as a hydrogen production method. The proposed system is analyzed with energy and exergy approaches, using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The boron-based magnesium chloride cycle sub-system is simulated via the Aspen Plus software. According to the calculations, while the highest exergy destruction value belongs to the electrolyser with an amount of 1506.90 MW, the chlorination reactor has the lowest exergy destruction value with an amount of 36.05 MW for the boron-based magnesium chloride cycle. The hydrogen production cycle's energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated as 50.69% and 49.47%, respectively. The hydrogen production amount of the proposed system is assessed as 0.66 kg/s. The energy efficiency of the overall system is 35.46%, while the exergy efficiency is calculated as 36.56%.
{"title":"Development and assessment of a nuclear-based hydrogen production facility operated on a boron-based magnesium chloride cycle","authors":"Sulenur Asal ,&nbsp;Adem Acır ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Dincer","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This present study aims to develop a newly integrated energy system with three different sub-systems, including an open feedwater Rankine cycle and hydrogen production cycle. The proposed system is considered to be driven by pebble bed modular nuclear reactor, where each twin reactor can generate 400.00 MW<sub>th</sub> heat at 750°C. Within the scope of the proposed study, the boron-based magnesium chloride cycle is investigated as a hydrogen production method. The proposed system is analyzed with energy and exergy approaches, using the first and second laws of thermodynamics. The boron-based magnesium chloride cycle sub-system is simulated via the Aspen Plus software. According to the calculations, while the highest exergy destruction value belongs to the electrolyser with an amount of 1506.90 MW, the chlorination reactor has the lowest exergy destruction value with an amount of 36.05 MW for the boron-based magnesium chloride cycle. The hydrogen production cycle's energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated as 50.69% and 49.47%, respectively. The hydrogen production amount of the proposed system is assessed as 0.66 kg/s. The energy efficiency of the overall system is 35.46%, while the exergy efficiency is calculated as 36.56%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134446"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NSGA-II algorithm based control parameters optimization strategy for megawatt novel nuclear power systems
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134444
Qingfeng Jiang, Pengfei Wang
The megawatt novel nuclear power system (MNNPS) of heat-pipe reactor coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) Brayton cycle is the critical research topic, and its control system plays an important role for its safety. However, there are very few studies on the optimization of MNNPS control parameters. Obtaining the best control parameters under specified control system structures is an important way to improve the safety of MNNPS. In this paper, a NSGA-II algorithm based control parameters optimization strategy for MNNPS is proposed. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis of control parameters was carried out to analyze the coupling effect between the system-controlled parameters. Subsequently, bi-objective and tri-objective control parameter optimization strategies were proposed for MNNPS, under which NSGA-II algorithm was used to optimize the control system parameters of MNNPS sequentially. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategies, dynamic simulations of the MNNPS under typical transient conditions such as step and ramp load change transients were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two optimization strategies, and the superiority of the tri-objective optimization strategy over the bi-objective optimization strategy. This paper can provide theoretical support for the optimization of MNNPS control system parameters.
{"title":"NSGA-II algorithm based control parameters optimization strategy for megawatt novel nuclear power systems","authors":"Qingfeng Jiang,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The megawatt novel nuclear power system (MNNPS) of heat-pipe reactor coupled with supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO<sub>2</sub>) Brayton cycle is the critical research topic, and its control system plays an important role for its safety. However, there are very few studies on the optimization of MNNPS control parameters. Obtaining the best control parameters under specified control system structures is an important way to improve the safety of MNNPS. In this paper, a NSGA-II algorithm based control parameters optimization strategy for MNNPS is proposed. Firstly, the sensitivity analysis of control parameters was carried out to analyze the coupling effect between the system-controlled parameters. Subsequently, bi-objective and tri-objective control parameter optimization strategies were proposed for MNNPS, under which NSGA-II algorithm was used to optimize the control system parameters of MNNPS sequentially. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimization strategies, dynamic simulations of the MNNPS under typical transient conditions such as step and ramp load change transients were simulated. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the two optimization strategies, and the superiority of the tri-objective optimization strategy over the bi-objective optimization strategy. This paper can provide theoretical support for the optimization of MNNPS control system parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134444"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comparative study of operating modes on a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system through energy and exergy analysis based on dynamic simulation
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134521
Yuan Zhang , Xiajie Shen , Zhen Tian , Ankang Kan , Chao Yang , Wenzhong Gao , Ke Yang
This paper conducts a thermodynamic analysis on up to 8 operating modes, including various pressure and water storage settings, of a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system. Additionally, the potential of CO2 binary working fluids in stabilizing the system condition is also discussed through the comparison with pure CO2 cases. According to the results, the system efficiency ranges from 48.48 % to 56.70 %, depending on the operating mode. The constant pressure mode exhibits an 89.1 % variation in pressure ratio on compression than the sliding pressure mode at the cost of reduced system efficiency. Similarly, a reduction of up to 17.3 % in the pressure ratio on expansion is found in constant pressure discharge process despite the expense of a nearly 1 % decrease in system efficiency. A lower HX1 outlet temperature leads to more balanced water consumption and thus improved system efficiency. Almost doubled energy density is observed when high-pressure tank (HPT) volume decreases to 1000 m3. The application of binary working fluids results in a more stable system performance compared to the sliding pressure mode, and higher system efficiency than the constant pressure mode. The work in this paper offers insights and guidance for future practical system designs.
{"title":"Comparative study of operating modes on a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system through energy and exergy analysis based on dynamic simulation","authors":"Yuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiajie Shen ,&nbsp;Zhen Tian ,&nbsp;Ankang Kan ,&nbsp;Chao Yang ,&nbsp;Wenzhong Gao ,&nbsp;Ke Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper conducts a thermodynamic analysis on up to 8 operating modes, including various pressure and water storage settings, of a gaseous two-stage compressed carbon dioxide energy storage system. Additionally, the potential of CO<sub>2</sub> binary working fluids in stabilizing the system condition is also discussed through the comparison with pure CO<sub>2</sub> cases. According to the results, the system efficiency ranges from 48.48 % to 56.70 %, depending on the operating mode. The constant pressure mode exhibits an 89.1 % variation in pressure ratio on compression than the sliding pressure mode at the cost of reduced system efficiency. Similarly, a reduction of up to 17.3 % in the pressure ratio on expansion is found in constant pressure discharge process despite the expense of a nearly 1 % decrease in system efficiency. A lower HX1 outlet temperature leads to more balanced water consumption and thus improved system efficiency. Almost doubled energy density is observed when high-pressure tank (HPT) volume decreases to 1000 m<sup>3</sup>. The application of binary working fluids results in a more stable system performance compared to the sliding pressure mode, and higher system efficiency than the constant pressure mode. The work in this paper offers insights and guidance for future practical system designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134521"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Escaping regulation or embracing innovation? Substantive green Innovation's role in moderating environmental policy and outward foreign direct investment
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134547
Jinjing Zhao , Ai Li , Taewoo Roh , Miao Su
There is ongoing debate about the relationship between environmental regulations and firms' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), and there is a lack of research focusing on the relationship between city-level environmental regulations and OFDI in developing countries. Using city-level data from China (2005–2021), we analyze the effect of environmental regulation on firms' OFDI. Our results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between the intensity of environmental regulations and increased OFDI, demonstrating that firms may respond to stricter regulations by shifting investments abroad. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of environmental regulation on OFDI not only shows significant regional heterogeneity and presents a unique “N-shaped” relationship in heavily polluting industries. Furthermore, we innovatively examine the moderating roles of substantive and symbolic green innovations on the effect of urban environmental regulations on OFDI. The results indicate that substantive green innovation can help firms adapt to stricter environmental policies while maintaining competitive investment strategies. Finally, this study offers essential insights for policymakers to align city environmental policies with firms’ OFDI strategies, balancing environmental protection and sustainable development.
{"title":"Escaping regulation or embracing innovation? Substantive green Innovation's role in moderating environmental policy and outward foreign direct investment","authors":"Jinjing Zhao ,&nbsp;Ai Li ,&nbsp;Taewoo Roh ,&nbsp;Miao Su","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is ongoing debate about the relationship between environmental regulations and firms' outward foreign direct investment (OFDI), and there is a lack of research focusing on the relationship between city-level environmental regulations and OFDI in developing countries. Using city-level data from China (2005–2021), we analyze the effect of environmental regulation on firms' OFDI. Our results reveal a statistically significant positive relationship between the intensity of environmental regulations and increased OFDI, demonstrating that firms may respond to stricter regulations by shifting investments abroad. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of environmental regulation on OFDI not only shows significant regional heterogeneity and presents a unique “N-shaped” relationship in heavily polluting industries. Furthermore, we innovatively examine the moderating roles of substantive and symbolic green innovations on the effect of urban environmental regulations on OFDI. The results indicate that substantive green innovation can help firms adapt to stricter environmental policies while maintaining competitive investment strategies. Finally, this study offers essential insights for policymakers to align city environmental policies with firms’ OFDI strategies, balancing environmental protection and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134547"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Steady-state and dynamic experimental study of an enhanced automotive thermal management system based on energy cascade utilization
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134542
Fan Jia , Xiang Yin , Shentong He , Zhijian Cao , Jianmin Fang , Feng Cao , Xiaolin Wang
The thermal management system of electric vehicles is crucial for both the range and the safety of battery. To compensate for the slightly inferior cooling performance of CO2 refrigeration, an enhanced automotive thermal management system based on energy cascade utilization was designed and evaluated. Initially, a dual-evaporation pressure thermal management system was designed to meet varying temperature requirements for the cabin and battery, and an experimental platform was constructed. Subsequently, the dynamic and steady state operating characteristics of the dual-evaporative pressure system are investigated. It was found that compared to traditional systems, the enhanced system significantly enhances performance across various operating conditions. The degree of performance improvement is influenced by factors such as the flow ratio between the battery and cabin branches and the thermal load of the battery. Additionally, the dynamic response characteristics of the new system are smoother compared to the conventional system, indicating reliable operation. Provides a promising solution for enhancing battery thermal management while reducing energy consumption, thereby improving the driving range and efficiency of electric vehicles.
{"title":"Steady-state and dynamic experimental study of an enhanced automotive thermal management system based on energy cascade utilization","authors":"Fan Jia ,&nbsp;Xiang Yin ,&nbsp;Shentong He ,&nbsp;Zhijian Cao ,&nbsp;Jianmin Fang ,&nbsp;Feng Cao ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal management system of electric vehicles is crucial for both the range and the safety of battery. To compensate for the slightly inferior cooling performance of CO<sub>2</sub> refrigeration, an enhanced automotive thermal management system based on energy cascade utilization was designed and evaluated. Initially, a dual-evaporation pressure thermal management system was designed to meet varying temperature requirements for the cabin and battery, and an experimental platform was constructed. Subsequently, the dynamic and steady state operating characteristics of the dual-evaporative pressure system are investigated. It was found that compared to traditional systems, the enhanced system significantly enhances performance across various operating conditions. The degree of performance improvement is influenced by factors such as the flow ratio between the battery and cabin branches and the thermal load of the battery. Additionally, the dynamic response characteristics of the new system are smoother compared to the conventional system, indicating reliable operation. Provides a promising solution for enhancing battery thermal management while reducing energy consumption, thereby improving the driving range and efficiency of electric vehicles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134542"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study on gas–particle flow and combustion stability of an improved burner for different boiler loads
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134558
Chunchao Huang , Zhengqi Li , Yue Lu , Huacai Liu , Fan Fang , Zhichao Chen
This study aimed to enhance the flexibility capability of thermal power units to address challenges in integrating renewable energy into the grid, especially stable combustion at low loads in faulty coal–fired boilers. A new improved swirl burner was developed and successfully applied to a 700 MW boiler. This paper enhanced testing conditions and focused on varying boiler loads. Gas–solid flow characteristics under different boiler loads were acquired through a cold experiment. Industrial measurements were conducted on–site, revealing gas temperature distribution. The burner could form an annular recirculation zone at 15%–20 % rated loads, demonstrating its potential for stable combustion at ultra–low loads. Boiler load significantly affected velocity distribution in primary and secondary air. The reflux ratio increased as the load decreased. At low loads, there was increased negative particle volume flux and recirculation. Load had little effect on the burner central temperature but correlated more strongly with the secondary air area temperature. Coal ignition distance was approximately 2.0 m in the center and near the exit in the secondary air region. Temperature differences in the secondary air area were minimal between 522 MW and 645 MW but relatively higher at 444 MW. Cold–state experiment results effectively explained hot–state phenomena.
{"title":"Study on gas–particle flow and combustion stability of an improved burner for different boiler loads","authors":"Chunchao Huang ,&nbsp;Zhengqi Li ,&nbsp;Yue Lu ,&nbsp;Huacai Liu ,&nbsp;Fan Fang ,&nbsp;Zhichao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to enhance the flexibility capability of thermal power units to address challenges in integrating renewable energy into the grid, especially stable combustion at low loads in faulty coal–fired boilers. A new improved swirl burner was developed and successfully applied to a 700 MW boiler. This paper enhanced testing conditions and focused on varying boiler loads. Gas–solid flow characteristics under different boiler loads were acquired through a cold experiment. Industrial measurements were conducted on–site, revealing gas temperature distribution. The burner could form an annular recirculation zone at 15%–20 % rated loads, demonstrating its potential for stable combustion at ultra–low loads. Boiler load significantly affected velocity distribution in primary and secondary air. The reflux ratio increased as the load decreased. At low loads, there was increased negative particle volume flux and recirculation. Load had little effect on the burner central temperature but correlated more strongly with the secondary air area temperature. Coal ignition distance was approximately 2.0 m in the center and near the exit in the secondary air region. Temperature differences in the secondary air area were minimal between 522 MW and 645 MW but relatively higher at 444 MW. Cold–state experiment results effectively explained hot–state phenomena.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134558"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Liquid-adjustment evaporator with zeotropic mixtures: Principle, design and statistical analysis
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134476
Junjie Li , Jianyong Chen , Ying Chen , Xianglong Luo , Yingzong Liang , Jiacheng He , Zhi Yang
Zeotropic mixture has advantages of environmentally-friendly, safe and flexible thermal properties, its featured temperature glide during phase change can match the temperature variations of heat sources, enhancing the system thermodynamic performance. It has been considered as a promising alternative candidate. However, the heat transfer coefficient of zeotropic mixture generally worse than that of its pure composition, and its nonlinear temperature-enthalpy relationship also leads to extra irreversible losses. To overcome these issues, liquid-adjustment is implemented to improve heat transfer capacity and reduce irreversible losses. Firstly, the principles of liquid-adjustment for zeotropic mixture is introduced and illustrated. Secondly, a conceptual design of liquid-adjustment evaporator with counter flow for zeotropic mixture and water is proposed. Thirdly, the optimized scheme is selected and compared to the conventional evaporator. The liquid-adjustment evaporator has a 9.72 % increased heat transfer capacity and a 22.4 % reduced total exergy resistance. Meanwhile, its local heat transfer coefficients can be significantly increased by 111 % and exergy resistance decreased by 52.5 % after the first separation. Finally, statistical analysis is carried out to reveal the interactions and insights of the parameters. It is found that the vapor quality is the main influential factor in both heat transfer coefficient and local slope of T-Q curve.
{"title":"Liquid-adjustment evaporator with zeotropic mixtures: Principle, design and statistical analysis","authors":"Junjie Li ,&nbsp;Jianyong Chen ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Xianglong Luo ,&nbsp;Yingzong Liang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng He ,&nbsp;Zhi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zeotropic mixture has advantages of environmentally-friendly, safe and flexible thermal properties, its featured temperature glide during phase change can match the temperature variations of heat sources, enhancing the system thermodynamic performance. It has been considered as a promising alternative candidate. However, the heat transfer coefficient of zeotropic mixture generally worse than that of its pure composition, and its nonlinear temperature-enthalpy relationship also leads to extra irreversible losses. To overcome these issues, liquid-adjustment is implemented to improve heat transfer capacity and reduce irreversible losses. Firstly, the principles of liquid-adjustment for zeotropic mixture is introduced and illustrated. Secondly, a conceptual design of liquid-adjustment evaporator with counter flow for zeotropic mixture and water is proposed. Thirdly, the optimized scheme is selected and compared to the conventional evaporator. The liquid-adjustment evaporator has a 9.72 % increased heat transfer capacity and a 22.4 % reduced total exergy resistance. Meanwhile, its local heat transfer coefficients can be significantly increased by 111 % and exergy resistance decreased by 52.5 % after the first separation. Finally, statistical analysis is carried out to reveal the interactions and insights of the parameters. It is found that the vapor quality is the main influential factor in both heat transfer coefficient and local slope of <em>T</em>-<em>Q</em> curve.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134476"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performance improvement of concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) system using a novel insert
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134505
A. Hosseinghorbani , C.I. Rivera-Solorio , M. Gijón-Rivera
Designing an efficient cooling system is crucial for concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) systems due to high non-uniform solar irradiance. This study investigates the effect of applying an innovative insert, the Variable Width Wavy (VWW) tape, on enhancement of CPVT system efficiency by reducing its PV cell temperature. A three-dimensional optical-thermal-electrical model is used, with solar irradiance simulated using the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) method and mapped as a heat flux profile onto the PV panel for application in the finite volume method (FVM). After validating the model, a comprehensive investigation is conducted on the thermo-hydraulic performance of the VWW tape compared with conventional twisted and wavy tapes. The findings reveal that implementing VWW inserts inside the duct leads to the formation of swirl flows with higher velocities compared to the wavy and twisted tapes, resulting in improved mixing, a higher convective heat transfer rate, and consequently, a greater reduction in PV cell temperature. The VWW tape, demonstrating superiority over other inserts with a performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of 1.86 compared to 1.29 for twisted tape and 1.77 for wavy tape, achieves the highest temperature drop and improvements in electrical and thermal efficiency of 6.8 K, 7.11 %, and 4.62 %, respectively.
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引用次数: 0
Experimental and numerical study on cold storage properties of organic/inorganic composites in thermal energy storage
IF 9 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134477
Zhongtian Zhang, Meibo Xing, Xu Lian
Additive-containing aqueous solutions can serve as phase change materials (PCMs) in energy storage technology. Molecular dynamics simulation used to study PCMs, is rarely applied in the cold storage field below 0 °C to explain the properties of cold storage materials. In this work, experiments and molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of additive concentration and type on the cold storage performance of organic/inorganic PCMs. Results show that additives reduce the proportion of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, requiring a lower temperature for PCMs to form regular ice crystal structures, thus lowering the phase change temperature, despite the buffering effect of van der Waals forces. Additionally, additives increase intermolecular interactions, weakening the diffusion of water molecules and reducing surface tension, which decreases heat and mass transfer capabilities and contact angle, thereby extending cold storage time and reducing supercooling. Moreover, the proportion of hydrogen bonds and self-diffusion coefficients decrease with the increase in the number of hydroxyl and chlorine atoms, leading to ethylene glycol/CaCl2 having the lowest phase change temperature, the longest cold storage time, and the lowest supercooling.
{"title":"Experimental and numerical study on cold storage properties of organic/inorganic composites in thermal energy storage","authors":"Zhongtian Zhang,&nbsp;Meibo Xing,&nbsp;Xu Lian","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.energy.2025.134477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive-containing aqueous solutions can serve as phase change materials (PCMs) in energy storage technology. Molecular dynamics simulation used to study PCMs, is rarely applied in the cold storage field below 0 °C to explain the properties of cold storage materials. In this work, experiments and molecular dynamics simulations were used to study the effect of additive concentration and type on the cold storage performance of organic/inorganic PCMs. Results show that additives reduce the proportion of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, requiring a lower temperature for PCMs to form regular ice crystal structures, thus lowering the phase change temperature, despite the buffering effect of van der Waals forces. Additionally, additives increase intermolecular interactions, weakening the diffusion of water molecules and reducing surface tension, which decreases heat and mass transfer capabilities and contact angle, thereby extending cold storage time and reducing supercooling. Moreover, the proportion of hydrogen bonds and self-diffusion coefficients decrease with the increase in the number of hydroxyl and chlorine atoms, leading to ethylene glycol/CaCl<sub>2</sub> having the lowest phase change temperature, the longest cold storage time, and the lowest supercooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11647,"journal":{"name":"Energy","volume":"316 ","pages":"Article 134477"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143328519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Energy
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