IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139746

Jinqiong Cui , Yanzhao An , Yiqiang Pei , Zhichao Hu , Junnan Hu , Zhanwang Su , Hua Zhao , Mohy Saad Mansour , Mohammed Ojapah

Hydrogen active pre-chamber (H₂-APC) jets igniting ammonia (NH₃) provides a promising pathway for efficient NH₃ combustion. However, the effect of gas flow exchange between main chamber (MC) and APC, as well as the synergistic optimization strategies for NH₃-H₂ mixture preparation and H₂ jet flame evolution on enhancing NH₃ engine efficiency remains unclear. This study conducts a numerical investigation to analyze the effect of intake vortex, in-cylinder NH₃-H₂ mixture reactivity, H₂ injection and spark timing strategies within APC on engine performance, and further summarizes the efficiency improvement pathways of large-bore NH₃-H₂ engine. NH₃-H₂ mixture and air are separately supplied through split-channel supercharge and fuel-air mixing technology with different intake swirl ratios. Results indicate that under 5 % H₂ blend with NH₃ and an excess air ratio (λ) of 1.6, increasing in-cylinder swirl intensity, H₂-APC jet flames penetrate axially with higher speed while vortex-induced mixing promotes radial flame expansion. This synergistic flame propagation accelerates combustion and reduces unburned NH₃ emissions. When H₂ is injected at −150°CA aTDC with an injection energy of 1.5 %, a near-stoichiometric mixture forms around spark plug inside APC, resulting in a peak indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) of 46.06 %. Furthermore, increasing H₂ blending ratio to 20 % yields further enhancement in combustion characteristics but along with increased NO_X emissions. Then extend lean combustion of λ to 2.0 through optimized spark timing, a maximum ITE of 46.2 % is achieved along with suitable emissions.

氢活性预室（H2-APC）射流点燃氨（NH3）为氨的高效燃烧提供了一条有前景的途径。然而，主室（MC）与APC之间的气流交换以及NH3-H2混合气制备和H2射流火焰演化的协同优化策略对提高NH3发动机效率的影响尚不清楚。通过数值研究，分析了进气涡、缸内NH3-H2混合气反应性、H2喷射及APC内点火正时策略对发动机性能的影响，进一步总结了大口径NH3-H2发动机的效率提升途径。采用不同进气涡流比的分道增压和燃料-空气混合技术分别供给NH3-H2混合气和空气。结果表明：H2与NH3混合5%，过量空气比（λ）为1.6时，H2- apc射流火焰轴向穿透速度加快，涡流诱导混合促进火焰径向扩展；这种协同火焰传播加速燃烧，减少未燃烧的NH3排放。当H2在- 150°CA的aTDC下以1.5%的喷射能量注入时，APC内部火花塞周围形成接近化学计量的混合物，导致峰值指示热效率（ITE）达到46.06%。此外，将H2混合比例增加到20%可以进一步增强燃烧特性，但同时也会增加氮氧化物排放。然后通过优化火花定时将λ的稀薄燃烧扩展到2.0，最大ITE达到46.2%，并达到合适的排放。

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引用次数: 0

NO ad-/desorption on shales: Potential for nitrogen oxide abatement via novel subsurface storage 页岩上的NO吸附/解吸：通过新型地下储存减少氮氧化物的潜力

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139851

Yi Xu , Zengmin Lun , Xia Zhou , Chunpeng Zhao , Haitao Wang , Dengfeng Zhang

To validate the feasibility of NO_x storage in shale formations, NO ad-/desorption on the shales under subsurface conditions was investigated. Results reveal chemisorption for NO-organic matter and physisorption for NO-inorganic minerals. The chemisorption overperforms the physisorption, working as the primary mechanism in the NO-shale system. Such a conclusion is further corroborated by a 19.44–81.25 % increase in nitrogen content after the ad-/desorption. The degraded pore development after the ad-/desorption confirms that NO molecules occupy pore space through chemisorption. During the ad-/desorption, surface ions/functional groups in the shale samples can transform NO into oxidized nitrogen species with increased contents by 6.34–93.60 %. Because of those alterations, remarkable ad-/desorption hysteresis exhibits for all the samples. Thereinto, the shales show great NO trapping capability reflected by improved hysteresis index (IHI) of 91.02–96.29 %, suggesting stable geologic storage potential. Inorganic minerals only exhibit weak trapping capability with the lowest IHI value (9.14 %) of the model substitution. Overall, the aforementioned high adsorption capacity and strong adsorption affinity collectively confirm shale formations as promising candidates for NO_x abatement via subsurface storage.

为了验证在页岩地层中储存NOx的可行性，研究了页岩在地下条件下的NO吸附/解吸。结果表明，吸附对no -有机物有化学吸附作用，对no -无机物有物理吸附作用。化学吸附优于物理吸附，是no -页岩体系的主要吸附机制。这一结论进一步证实了氮含量增加19.44 - 81.25%的ad-/解吸。吸附/脱附后的降解孔隙发育证实了NO分子通过化学吸附占据孔隙空间。在吸附/解吸过程中，页岩样品中的表面离子/官能团将NO转化为氧化态氮，其含量增加了6.34 ~ 93.60%。由于这些变化，所有样品都表现出明显的吸附/解吸滞后。其中，页岩的滞回指数（IHI）提高到91.02 ~ 96.29%，具有较强的NO圈闭能力，具有稳定的地质储层潜力。无机矿物仅表现出较弱的圈闭能力，IHI值最低（9.14%）。总的来说，上述高吸附能力和强吸附亲和力共同证实了页岩地层是通过地下储存来减少NOx的有希望的候选者。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing energy prediction in variable refrigerant flow cooling systems: A hybrid grey-box model integrating thermodynamic knowledge, experimental data and machine learning 增强可变制冷剂流量冷却系统的能量预测：一种集成热力学知识、实验数据和机器学习的混合灰盒模型

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139895

Muhammad Reshaeel, Mohamed I. Hassan Ali

With the growing energy demand, the need for an accurate, reliable, and interpretable energy prediction model of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems has become crucial. However, existing models often lack robustness, accuracy and interpretability particularly when trained on limited experimental data. To address this gap, this study develops and compares a hybrid grey-box and a pure black-box energy prediction model for VRF systems using the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) framework. While the black-box model relies solely on operational features, the hybrid grey-box model incorporates VRF cycle domain knowledge through additional thermodynamic state variables and engineered features. The results demonstrate that integrating domain knowledge significantly enhances prediction accuracy, model reliability, and interpretability. Compared to the black-box model, the optimized hybrid grey-box model achieves a 7.26 % increase in the coefficient of determination (R²) and a 71.86 % and 71.87 % reduction in root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of variation of the RMSE (CV-RMSE), respectively. Uncertainty quantification reveals a striking 87.94 % reduction in aleatoric uncertainty and a 42.86 % reduction in epistemic uncertainty for the hybrid grey-box model, confirming its robustness under unseen conditions. Furthermore, interpretability analysis conducted using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) technique demonstrates the hybrid model's superior ability to capture meaningful thermodynamic relationships between input features and compressor power, offering insights into the system's control strategy. Overall, this study establishes the hybrid grey-box model as a state-of-the-art VRF energy prediction model, delivering superior accuracy, reliability, and interpretability despite being trained on limited experimental data.

随着能源需求的不断增长，对可变制冷剂流量（VRF）系统的准确、可靠和可解释的能量预测模型的需求变得至关重要。然而，现有模型往往缺乏鲁棒性、准确性和可解释性，特别是在有限的实验数据上进行训练时。为了解决这一差距，本研究使用极限梯度增强（XGBoost）框架开发并比较了VRF系统的混合灰盒和纯黑盒能量预测模型。黑盒模型仅依赖于运行特征，而混合灰盒模型通过附加的热力学状态变量和工程特征结合了VRF循环领域知识。结果表明，集成领域知识显著提高了预测精度、模型可靠性和可解释性。与黑盒模型相比，优化后的混合灰盒模型的决定系数（R2）提高了7.26%，均方根误差（RMSE）和变异系数（CV-RMSE）分别降低了71.86%和71.87%。不确定性量化表明，混合灰盒模型的任意不确定性降低了87.94%，认知不确定性降低了42.86%，证实了其在未知条件下的鲁棒性。此外，使用SHapley加性解释（SHAP）技术进行的可解释性分析表明，混合模型具有出色的能力，可以捕捉输入特征与压缩机功率之间有意义的热力学关系，从而为系统控制策略提供见解。总体而言，本研究将混合灰盒模型建立为最先进的VRF能量预测模型，尽管实验数据有限，但仍具有较高的准确性、可靠性和可解释性。

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引用次数: 0

Effective temperature control of a battery thermal management system with a backup thermoelectric cooling source 备用热电冷却源的电池热管理系统的有效温度控制

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139847

Ding Luo , Mingyu Li , Limin Geng , Xianfeng Xu , Peng Zhang , Ziming Cheng , Hao Chen

This research introduces a hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) integrating vapor chambers (VCs), thermoelectric coolers (TECs), and liquid cooling, aiming to rapidly and effectively reduce the temperature of lithium-ion batteries. Within this system, TECs serve as a backup cooling source, activated only under extreme thermal conditions to provide rapid temperature reduction, while VCs enhance heat spreading, and liquid cooling ensures stable long-term operation. A transient thermo-electro-fluid multiphysics model is developed to analyze the system performance and optimize working conditions. Results show that the hybrid BTMS can quickly lower the battery temperature from 333.15 K to below 313.15 K within 221 s, with TEC enhancing the cooling rate and VCs maintaining temperature uniformity within 5 K. The flow rates for the lower liquid-cooling plate should be 0.25 m/s and 0.08 m/s when the TEC is activated and deactivated, respectively. The upper liquid-cooling plate only operates when the TEC is activated, and its flow rate in this situation should be 0.06 m/s. The optimal input current for the TEC is 3A, and a further increase will lead to a deterioration in cooling performance. The proposed control strategy significantly reduces TEC operating time, reducing energy consumption by over 80 % compared to continuous operation, striking an optimal trade-off between cooling performance and energy conservation. These findings provide a promising approach to managing the temperature of electric vehicle batteries.

本研究介绍了一种集蒸汽室（VCs）、热电冷却器（tec）和液冷于一体的混合电池热管理系统（BTMS），旨在快速有效地降低锂离子电池的温度。在该系统中，tec作为备用冷却源，仅在极端热条件下启动，以提供快速降温，而vc增强热量扩散，液冷确保长期稳定运行。建立了瞬态热电流多物理场模型，分析了系统性能，优化了工作条件。结果表明，混合BTMS可以在221 s内将电池温度从333.15 K快速降低到313.15 K以下，TEC提高了冷却速度，vc保持了5 K内的温度均匀性。当TEC启动和关闭时，下层液冷板流速应分别为0.25 m/s和0.08 m/s。上层液冷板只有在TEC启动时才工作，此时其流量应为0.06 m/s。TEC的最佳输入电流为3A，进一步增加将导致冷却性能恶化。所提出的控制策略显著缩短了TEC的运行时间，与连续运行相比，能耗降低了80%以上，在冷却性能和节能之间取得了最佳平衡。这些发现为管理电动汽车电池的温度提供了一种很有前途的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Defect localization and quantification of energy transportation pipeline based on multiscale 1DCNN and BiLSTM with multidimensional attention mechanism 基于多维关注机制的多尺度1DCNN和BiLSTM能量输送管道缺陷定位与量化

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139879

Zhirong Lin , Yishou Wang , Xibin Fu , Zhijian Zou , Ligang Feng , Linlin Fang , Xinlin Qing

Robust and reliable structural health monitoring (SHM) is essential for ensuring the safe operation and long-term integrity of energy transportation pipelines. Ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) techniques are promising for pipeline defect assessment, but existing deep-learning-based UGW methods often struggle to capture long-range contextual dependencies and to suppress complex noise. To address these limitations, this study proposes a novel multi-task deep learning framework, termed MSC-BiLSTM-MAM, for simultaneous defect localization and quantification. The framework incorporates a multidimensional attention mechanism (MAM) that jointly operates across channel, spatial, and temporal dimensions to adaptively emphasize defect-related features and suppress irrelevant content. The MAM is combined with a multiscale one-dimensional convolutional module (MSC) for hierarchical feature extraction and a bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network for bidirectional temporal modeling within an end-to-end architecture. Extensive experiments on a stainless-steel pipe dataset show that MSC-BiLSTM-MAM outperforms baseline methods, achieving localization and quantification accuracies of 97.43 % and 98.15 %, respectively, with strong robustness to noise. The proposed framework offers a compact, interpretable, and robust solution for intelligent SHM of energy pipelines.

稳定可靠的结构健康监测是保障能源输送管道安全运行和长期完好的重要手段。超声导波（UGW）技术有望用于管道缺陷评估，但现有的基于深度学习的UGW方法往往难以捕获远程上下文依赖关系并抑制复杂的噪声。为了解决这些限制，本研究提出了一种新的多任务深度学习框架，称为MSC-BiLSTM-MAM，用于同时进行缺陷定位和量化。该框架结合了多维注意机制（MAM），该机制跨通道、空间和时间维度共同作用，自适应地强调缺陷相关特征并抑制无关内容。MAM结合了用于分层特征提取的多尺度一维卷积模块（MSC）和用于在端到端架构内进行双向时间建模的双向长短期记忆（BiLSTM）网络。在不锈钢管数据集上的大量实验表明，MSC-BiLSTM-MAM优于基线方法，定位和量化准确率分别为97.43%和98.15%，对噪声具有较强的鲁棒性。该框架为能源管道的智能SHM提供了一个紧凑、可解释、鲁棒的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient heat recovery for temperature swing processes: Experimental analysis of the thermal wave method 温度波动过程的有效热回收：热波法的实验分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139880

Marwan Mohammed, Giulio Santori

Industrial processes release large amounts of ultralow-grade heat, mostly unused due to inefficient recovery technologies. This study explores the thermal wave method as a heat recovery (HR) strategy for temperature swing adsorption (TSA) heat conversion (e.g. adsorption cooling) and gas separation (e.g. direct air capture) processes, where the rejection of large fraction of the heat input to the environment limits their scalability. A dedicated experimental setup was developed to quantify recovery with robust performance metrics, addressing inconsistencies in prior studies. Experiments in the range of temperatures between 30 °C and 80 °C achieved 55 % of heat input recovered, further improved to 61.5 % with a regenerative heat exchanger, surpassing conventional TSA thermal management strategies. Efficiency proved highly sensitive to flowrates, with an optimum in the range between 0.12 and 0.15 L min⁻¹ of the internal energy recovery loop. A predictive model, parameterised using the number of transfer units and effective heat capacity, captured dynamic behaviour with ∼3.3 % variance. This work provides the first systematic validation of the thermal wave method, demonstrating >60 % efficiency and establishing a pathway to more commercially viable TSA and related thermal systems.

工业过程释放出大量的超低品位热量，其中大部分由于回收技术效率低下而未被利用。本研究探讨了热波方法作为变温吸附（TSA）热转换（例如吸附冷却）和气体分离（例如直接空气捕获）过程的热回收（HR）策略，其中大部分热量输入到环境的排斥限制了其可扩展性。开发了专门的实验装置，通过稳健的性能指标来量化恢复，解决了先前研究中的不一致性。在30°C至80°C的温度范围内进行的实验中，55%的热量输入被回收，使用蓄热式换热器进一步提高到61.5%，超过了传统的TSA热管理策略。效率对流量非常敏感，内部能量回收回路的最佳范围在0.12 ~ 0.15 L min - 1之间。使用传递单元数量和有效热容量参数化的预测模型以~ 3.3%的方差捕获了动态行为。这项工作提供了热波方法的第一个系统验证，证明了60%的效率，并建立了一条通往更商业可行的TSA和相关热系统的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Multilayer Al2O3/Ag/TiO2/Ag/ZnS film with particle swarm optimization for high-performance spectral-selective windows in building energy efficiency 基于粒子群优化的多层Al2O3/Ag/TiO2/Ag/ZnS薄膜用于建筑节能中的高性能光谱选择窗口

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139878

Kaihua Zhang , Jinyang Guo , Zhiying Chen , Longtian Xie , Hao Chen , Kun Yu , Yufang Liu , Xiaohu Wu

Transparent heat reflective window (THRW) can effectively reflect near-infrared (NIR) radiation while maintaining high visible light (VIS) transmittance, thereby significantly reducing building energy consumption. Traditional THRW often uses dielectric/metal/dielectric (D/M/D) structures to regulate the transmission and reflection characteristics of solar spectra. In this study, a THRW consisting of three dielectric materials, Al₂O₃, TiO₂ and ZnS, and Ag metal was designed. By utilizing the difference in refractive index of different materials and combining particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the thickness of each layer, an average NIR reflectance of 94.7 % and a VIS transmittance of 83.2 % were achieved. The sample prepared based on electron beam evaporation technology showed a VIS transmittance of 75 % and a NIR reflectance of 90 % in the experiment, further verifying the effectiveness of the design. This study provides new solutions for improving building energy efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and enhancing indoor thermal comfort, especially in hot weather conditions, showing promising application prospects.

透明热反射窗（THRW）可以有效反射近红外（NIR）辐射，同时保持较高的可见光（VIS）透过率，从而显著降低建筑能耗。传统的THRW通常采用介电/金属/介电（D/M/D）结构来调节太阳光谱的透射和反射特性。本研究设计了一种由Al2O3、TiO2和ZnS三种介质材料和Ag金属组成的THRW。利用不同材料的折射率差异，结合粒子群优化（PSO）算法对各层厚度进行优化，获得了平均94.7%的近红外反射率和83.2%的VIS透过率。利用电子束蒸发技术制备的样品在实验中VIS透过率达75%，NIR反射率达90%，进一步验证了设计的有效性。本研究为提高建筑能效，降低能耗，增强室内热舒适，特别是在高温天气条件下，提供了新的解决方案，具有良好的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Light-guide PCM plate—a novel heating technology and its conceptual verification 光导PCM板——一种新型加热技术及其概念验证

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139855

Xiangfei Kong , Xianglin Liu , Jinyu Li , Bowen Xu , Yuliang Zhong , Xiaojun Luo , Yongkang Zhao , Jingtao Liang

Solar heating is a critical pathway for the low-carbon buildings. However, heat collection and storage of solar heating are typically conducted outdoors, which is the root cause of significant heat loss and low efficiency. Hence, this study developed a novel light-guide PCM plate for efficient solar heating in cold region. The light-guide PCM plate is composed of a solar condenser, a side-glowing optical fiber and a indoor PCM plate. It can transfer the heat collection/storage from outdoors to indoors, thus greatly reducing heat loss and improving thermal efficiency. Due to the high thermal conductivity and absorption coefficient, light-guide PCM plate can quickly convert light into thermal energy and achieve stable heating. The outdoor test shows that the thermal efficiency of light-guide PCM plate is 71.4 %/73.5 %/74.8 % at 0/10/20 °C, which is higher than that of conventional solar heating system. And light-guide PCM plate is less affected by ambient temperature, showing high energy saving potential in low temperature. Further, on the top 75 % of the sunshine duration in Tianjin heating season, the light-guide PCM plate can basically maintain thermal comfort throughout the day. And the remaining dates can also meet the daytime heating needs. This confirms the feasibility of light-guide PCM plate to create indoor thermal comfort. The annual equivalent heating cost fluctuates between 11.4 and 13.9 CNY/m², which proves its economic feasibility. In general, this study innovates the photo-thermal utilization mode to overcome the problem of low solar heating efficiency.

太阳能采暖是低碳建筑的重要途径。然而，太阳能采暖的集热和蓄热通常在室外进行，这是热损失大、效率低的根本原因。因此，本研究开发了一种用于寒冷地区高效太阳能加热的新型光导PCM板。该光导PCM板由太阳能聚光器、侧发光光纤和室内PCM板组成。它可以将集热/蓄热从室外转移到室内，从而大大减少热量损失，提高热效率。由于具有较高的导热系数和吸收系数，光导PCM板可以快速地将光转化为热能，实现稳定的加热。室外试验表明，在0/10/20℃时，光导PCM板的热效率为71.4% / 73.5% / 74.8%，高于传统太阳能加热系统的热效率。并且光导PCM板受环境温度的影响较小，在低温下显示出较高的节能潜力。在天津采暖季日照时数的前75%，导光PCM板可以基本保持全天的热舒适。而剩余的日期也可以满足白天的供暖需求。这证实了光导PCM板创造室内热舒适的可行性。年等效采暖费用在11.4 ~ 13.9元/m2之间波动，证明了其经济可行性。总的来说，本研究创新了光热利用模式，克服了太阳能加热效率低的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Research on the evolutionary path of multi-agent energy transition behavior considering residents' health 考虑居民健康的多主体能量转移行为演化路径研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139865

Hongwei Li , Ruixin Wang , Dequn Zhou

Energy transition is a crucial pathway to improving environment quality and public health. This study develops a multi-agent evolutionary game model incorporating government, enterprises, and residents, focusing on residents' health, to analyze the stability and evolution of strategy choices among energy stakeholders. We investigate key parameter effects on strategy dynamics using numerical simulations. The findings reveal: (1) Government subsidies to enterprises have a threshold; maintaining subsidies within a certain range fosters positive interactions among stakeholders. Increasing subsidies for residents enhances their participation but reduces enterprise initiative. (2) Enterprises' preference for energy transition effort also has a threshold. Moderate social responsibility preferences and high profit-driven preferences, combined with government incentives, promote enterprise transition and resident participation. (3) Lower transition costs for enterprises encourage overall participation. High transition costs for residents reduce their willingness to participate and increase pressure on enterprises. Residents' financial support for enterprise transitions has a threshold where enterprises and residents achieve synergy. The study proposes policy recommendations from the perspective of government, enterprises, and residents each to optimize energy transition strategies, providing theoretical and practical guidance for achieving transition goals.

能源转型是改善环境质量和公众健康的重要途径。本文建立了政府、企业和居民的多智能体演化博弈模型，以居民健康为中心，分析能源利益相关者战略选择的稳定性和演化。我们利用数值模拟研究了关键参数对策略动力学的影响。研究发现：(1)政府对企业的补贴存在一定的门槛；将补贴维持在一定范围内，有利于利益相关者之间的良性互动。增加对居民的补贴提高了居民的参与度，但降低了企业的积极性。(2)企业对能源转型努力的偏好也存在阈值。适度的社会责任偏好和高度的利润驱动偏好，结合政府激励，促进企业转型和居民参与。(3)企业较低的转型成本鼓励了整体参与。居民的高转轨成本降低了他们的参与意愿，增加了企业的压力。居民对企业转型的金融支持存在一个企业与居民协同的门槛。本研究分别从政府、企业和居民三个层面提出优化能源转型战略的政策建议，为实现转型目标提供理论和实践指导。

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引用次数: 0

Co-optimization of configuration and energy scheduling of multi-communities microgrid systems considering carbon-green certificate trading mechanism 考虑碳绿色证书交易机制的多社区微电网配置与能源调度协同优化

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.139864

Yuxin Li , Yuan Zhou , Jiangjiang Wang , Jiantao Ding , Changqi Wei , Zuming Liu

Promoting renewable energy consumption and achieving carbon emission reductions in community microgrid systems (CMS) are crucial for future development. Nevertheless, existing research on CMS configurations and scheduling has not thoroughly explored the integration of carbon emission quotas and renewable energy certificate markets, particularly in multi-communities microgrid systems (MCMS). Therefore, this study aims to co-optimize the configurations and dispatch strategies for MCMS using a carbon-green certificate trading mechanism. Firstly, the calculation method for carbon-green certificates is meticulously modelled based on relevant government documents. Subsequently, a two-layer co-optimization framework is proposed to address the planning and scheduling challenges of MCMS, interconnected by a peer-to-peer network. The outer layer manages the planning capacities of MCMS, laying the groundwork for inner-layer optimization. The inner layer integrates multi-communities' schedulable resources through the energy management system, optimizing the annual scheduling of MCMS. Finally, the allocation method is examined using the Shapley value and Nucleolus method to overcome the limitations of multi-community co-optimization. Simulation results show that the co-optimization method and carbon-green certificate trading mechanism impact the annual operation cost of the multi-community. Relative to the reference case, incorporating carbon-green certificates enhances economic performance by about 12.15 %, multi-community energy interaction by 5.85 %, and both strategies combined by 15.77 %, where the economic performance is evaluated by the annual total cost, including investment and maintenance costs.

促进可再生能源消费和实现社区微电网系统（CMS）的碳减排对未来的发展至关重要。然而，现有的CMS配置和调度研究并没有深入探讨碳排放配额和可再生能源证书市场的整合，特别是在多社区微电网系统（MCMS）中。因此，本研究旨在利用碳绿色证书交易机制共同优化MCMS的配置和调度策略。首先，根据相关政府文件，对碳绿色证书的计算方法进行了细致的建模。随后，提出了一个两层协同优化框架来解决MCMS的规划和调度挑战，MCMS通过点对点网络相互连接。外层管理MCMS的规划能力，为内层优化奠定基础。内层通过能源管理系统整合多社区的可调度资源，优化MCMS的年度调度。最后，利用Shapley值和Nucleolus方法对分配方法进行了检验，克服了多群落协同优化的局限性。仿真结果表明，协同优化方法和碳绿色证书交易机制对多社区的年运营成本有影响。与参考案例相比，引入碳绿色证书可提高12.15%的经济效益，多社区能源互动提高5.85%，两种策略结合使用可提高15.77%的经济效益，其中经济效益由年度总成本（包括投资和维护成本）来评估。

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