IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140396

Ziming Hu , Jingfa Li , Chaoyang Fan , Jiale Xiao , Huijie Huang , Bo Yu , Baocheng Shi

Hydrogen production from offshore wind power is an effective means to solve the problem of wind power grid connection and promote the development of the hydrogen industry. However, the current offshore hydrogen storage and transportation technologies are immature and lack comprehensive economic analysis. This study establishes a levelized cost of hydrogen storage and transportation model to evaluate four offshore hydrogen storage and transportation methods: gas-hydrogen shipping, liquid-hydrogen shipping, solid-state hydrogen shipping, and existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, incorporating both fixed investments and operating costs for a comprehensive economic feasibility analysis. Using a 300 MW offshore wind-powered hydrogen production platform as a case study, the research conducts a comprehensive economic analysis and comparison of these four storage and transportation technologies across varying offshore distances of 50, 100, and 150 km. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis of cost-influencing factors is performed. The results indicate that the gas-hydrogen shipping is the most economical method, with a levelized cost of storage and transportation 2.50-3.83 CNY/kg. As the offshore distance increases, the levelized cost of gas-hydrogen shipping significantly increases by 53.2%, while the increase in existing pipelines is 5.1%. Electricity consumption emerges as a significant cost factor across all methods, with sensitivity ratio (SR) values of 32.47%, 54.14%, 79.26%, and 91.58%, respectively. The sensitivity analysis further reveals that electricity price fluctuations have varying degrees of impact across different methods. A 20% reduction in electricity price leads to a 18.2% cost decrease for existing pipeline hydrogen blending transportation, while gas-hydrogen shipping only a 6.1% cost reduction. The evaluation framework provides a robust quantitative basis for selecting optimal storage and transportation methods in offshore wind-powered hydrogen production systems.

海上风电制氢是解决风电并网问题、促进氢能产业发展的有效手段。然而，目前海上储氢和输氢技术尚不成熟，缺乏全面的经济分析。本研究建立了一个平准化的储氢运输成本模型，以评估四种海上储氢运输方式：气氢运输、液氢运输、固态氢运输和现有的管道混合氢运输，并结合固定投资和运营成本进行综合经济可行性分析。该研究以一个300兆瓦的海上风力制氢平台为例，对这四种储存和运输技术在50、100和150公里的不同海上距离上进行了全面的经济分析和比较。此外，还对成本影响因素进行了敏感性分析。结果表明，气氢运输是最经济的运输方式，储运成本为2.50 ~ 3.83元/kg。随着海上距离的增加，气氢运输的平准化成本显著增加53.2%，而现有管道的增幅为5.1%。在所有方法中，电力消耗都是一个重要的成本因素，其敏感比（SR）分别为32.47%、54.14%、79.26%和91.58%。敏感性分析进一步揭示了电价波动对不同方法的影响程度不同。电价降低20%，现有的管道混合氢运输成本降低18.2%，而气氢运输成本仅降低6.1%。该评估框架为选择海上风力制氢系统的最佳储存和运输方法提供了可靠的定量基础。

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引用次数: 0

Industrial hydrogen demand response for adaptive robust operation of electric hydrogen integrated energy systems 电力氢集成能源系统自适应稳健运行的工业氢需求响应

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140353

Peng Ren , Yingchao Dong , Hongli Zhang , Cong Wang , Jing Wang , Xiaochao Fan

The electric hydrogen integrated energy system (EHIES) enables coordinated multi-energy management and offers significant decarbonization benefits, making it a promising energy management paradigm for sectors including manufacturing and transportation. This study examines the operational characteristics of EHIES and proposes a two-layer optimization framework tailored to the hydrogen consumption process requirements of industrial applications. An industrial demand response (DR) model is formulated through an analysis of the temporal coupling among heterogeneous energy-consuming equipment across workshops within the hydrogen industry value chain. Based on industrial hydrogen utilization processes, corresponding DR rules are then defined. To address the forecast errors in wind and solar power output during the day-ahead operation phase of the EHIES, a robust optimization (RO) approach is adopted to construct an uncertainty optimization model. To mitigate the conservativeness of the conventional RO, a new adaptive RO (NARO) method is introduced, enabling decision-makers to balance conservatism and risk more effectively. Additionally, an intra-day rolling operation model is established to validate the effectiveness of the day-ahead scheduling decisions. Case study simulations verify the economic efficiency, low-carbon performance, and operational effectiveness of the proposed industrial DR model and NARO method.

电氢集成能源系统（EHIES）实现了协调的多能源管理，并提供了显著的脱碳效益，使其成为制造业和运输业等行业的一种有前途的能源管理范例。本研究考察了EHIES的运行特点，并根据工业应用的耗氢过程要求提出了一个双层优化框架。通过对氢产业价值链中各车间异构能耗设备的时间耦合分析，建立了工业需求响应（DR）模型。根据工业氢气利用流程，定义相应的DR规则。为了解决EHIES日前运行阶段风电和太阳能发电量预测的误差，采用鲁棒优化（RO）方法构建了不确定性优化模型。为了减轻传统RO的保守性，提出了一种新的自适应RO方法，使决策者能够更有效地平衡保守性和风险。此外，还建立了日内滚动运行模型，验证了日前调度决策的有效性。案例研究仿真验证了所提出的工业DR模型和NARO方法的经济效率、低碳性能和运营有效性。

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引用次数: 0

AI-aided optimization of droplet layout in distribution zone for commercial bipolar plates of PEMFC 商业化的PEMFC双极板分布区液滴布局的ai辅助优化

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140348

Yang Luan , Xunkang Su , Mingxin Liu , Wenxuan Fan , Taotao Zhao , Ke Jiang , Tongxi Zheng , Yihui Feng , Guolong Lu , Zhenning Liu

The distribution zone of flow fields directly impacts pressure drop and oxygen uniformity of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, a layout of droplet units is introduced into the distribution zone to reduce pressure drop and improve oxygen uniformity. Then a multi-objective optimization (MOO) framework combining surrogate models of artificial neural network and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is established to tackle this complex problem of layout optimization. Notably, the layouts have to be represented in digital codes for MOO to recognize and manipulate. So, a previously proposed ‘digital bridge’ strategy is used with an added trick of ‘translocation’, which moves the binary codes in some rows to other rows. The top three layouts from the Pareto solutions of MOO are compared with the base model (D180°-S0°) by simulation and experiments. It is found that the orientation of droplet units significantly influences air flow resistance and D180° layout with the spherical head pointing right at the inlet achieves both lower flow resistance and higher electrochemical reaction efficiency. Interestingly, artificial intelligence (AI) is capable of performing layout optimization based on the ‘translocated’ codes, although AI might not know the patterns before translocation. Both the predicted values and trends from the surrogate models align well with simulation and experimental results, demonstrating the reliability of the AI-aided approach. More importantly, AI can generate optimal layouts that surpass human imagination. Indeed, the top-ranking layout achieves a 6.7% higher net power density than the base model (D180°-S0°).

流场分布区域直接影响质子交换膜燃料电池的压降和氧均匀性。在分布区引入液滴单元布置，以减小压降，提高氧气均匀性。针对这一复杂的布局优化问题，建立了人工神经网络代理模型与非支配排序遗传算法相结合的多目标优化框架。值得注意的是，布局必须用数字代码表示，以便MOO识别和操作。因此，先前提出的“数字桥”策略与“易位”的附加技巧一起使用，它将一些行的二进制代码移动到其他行。通过仿真和实验，将MOO Pareto解的前三种布局与基本模型（D180°-S0°）进行了比较。结果表明，液滴单元的方向对空气流动阻力有显著影响，D180°球形封头正对进口的布置既降低了流动阻力，又提高了电化学反应效率。有趣的是，人工智能（AI）能够基于“易位”代码执行布局优化，尽管AI可能在易位之前不知道模式。代理模型的预测值和趋势与仿真和实验结果吻合良好，证明了人工智能辅助方法的可靠性。更重要的是，人工智能可以生成超越人类想象的最佳布局。事实上，顶级布局的净功率密度比基本模型（D180°-S0°）高6.7%。

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引用次数: 0

Regional industrial structure optimization based on water-energy- carbon-economy Multi-Objectives: A case study of Inner Mongolia, China 基于水-能-碳-经济多目标的区域产业结构优化——以内蒙古为例

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140355

Yalun Li , Mingzhe Jin , Bo Ao , Yufei Du , Zhibin Jia , Jinhua Li

The water-energy-carbon nexus is fundamentally linked to industrial structure. Research assessing and optimizing regional industrial structures from this integrated perspective is critical. In this study, a comprehensive methodological framework for regional industrial structure evaluation and multi-objective optimization is developed by integrating environmentally extended input-output analysis (EEIOA) with mathematical programming method. This framework is designed to synergize economic growth with water conservation, energy efficiency and carbon reduction. Various single-objective and multi-objective optimization scenarios were developed to accommodate diverse policymaker preferences. Using Inner Mongolia as a case study, we propose differentiated industrial restructuring pathways to support the region's carbon peaking goal by 2030. The results reveal that the primary sector dominates direct water consumption, while the secondary sector acts as the main driver of energy use and carbon emissions. The tertiary sector also demonstrates substantial embodied resource and environmental impacts. Several water-energy-carbon intensive industries were identified. Furthermore, our findings indicate that single-objective optimization struggles to achieve coordination between economic and environmental-resource objectives, whereas multi-objective optimization significantly reduces resource and environmental pressures while maintaining a relatively high average annual GDP growth rate. It is notable that all optimization scenarios promote an increased tertiary industry share, driving a structural shift towards a tertiary-secondary-primary hierarchy. Sensitivity analysis indicates that total energy consumption and carbon emissions fluctuate with input parameter variations. Policy recommendations are finally proposed for decision makers to adjust the industrial structure. These results suggest our approach can help regional decision-makers identify synergistic pathways toward a green transition.

水-能源-碳关系与产业结构有着根本的联系。从这一综合视角研究、评估和优化区域产业结构至关重要。本文将环境扩展投入产出分析（EEIOA）与数学规划方法相结合，构建了区域产业结构评价与多目标优化的综合方法框架。该框架旨在将经济增长与节约用水、提高能源效率和减少碳排放结合起来。为了适应不同的政策制定者偏好，我们开发了不同的单目标和多目标优化方案。以内蒙古为例，我们提出了差异化的产业结构调整路径，以支持该地区到2030年达到碳峰值的目标。结果表明，第一产业主导着直接用水，而第二产业是能源使用和碳排放的主要驱动因素。第三产业也对资源和环境产生了重大影响。确定了几个水-能源-碳密集型产业。此外，单目标优化难以实现经济和环境资源目标之间的协调，而多目标优化在保持较高的年均GDP增长率的同时，显著降低了资源和环境压力。值得注意的是，所有优化方案都促进了第三产业份额的增加，推动了结构向第三-第二-第一层次的转变。敏感性分析表明，总能耗和碳排放随输入参数的变化而波动。最后为决策者提出调整产业结构的政策建议。这些结果表明，我们的方法可以帮助区域决策者确定绿色转型的协同路径。

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引用次数: 0

Thermoeconomic analysis of electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation systems 电热熔盐储能发电系统的热经济性分析

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140358

Bin Dai , Yan Wang , Jinliang Xu , Xiongjiang Yu , Jianren Fan

Electrically heated molten salt thermal energy storage power generation (EH-MSTES-PG) systems offer a promising solution for large-scale, long-duration energy storage. This study establishes an integrated thermo-economic model coupling resistive heating with a Rankine cycle across 50–300 MW scales. A comprehensive life-cycle assessment is performed, including Chinese policy-driven auxiliary revenues alongside time-of-use (TOU) pricing. A novel indicator, Equivalent Conversion Efficiency (ECE), defined as the product of the weighted price ratio and system efficiency, is proposed to evaluate project viability. Results indicate that elevated main steam parameters boost total system efficiency from 38.38% to 42.32%. However, exergy analysis identifies the electric heater as the dominant irreversibility source. Additionally, reducing regenerative stages at intermediate scales notably diminishes steam generator efficiency. Economic evaluation confirms that discharge revenue and charging costs govern viability, collectively accounting for over 73% of total cash flows. Regions with high peak-valley price spreads (represented by Guangdong) exhibit increasing NPV with capacity expansion, significantly outperforming northwestern regions (e.g., Gansu). Significant scale economies are observed, where the 300 MW system achieves the highest Net Present Value (NPV) and exhibits the greatest sensitivity to increases in auxiliary revenue prices. Crucially, a strong nationwide correlation (r > 0.9) is confirmed between ECE and NPV. Analysis establishes that an ECE <100% indicates negative NPV, while an ECE >115% serves as a robust threshold guaranteeing positive lifecycle profitability. These findings provide quantitative criteria for identifying economically viable regions for storage deployment.

电加热熔盐储能发电（EH-MSTES-PG）系统为大规模、长时间的储能提供了一个有前途的解决方案。本研究建立了一个集成的热经济模型，在50-300 MW的尺度上耦合电阻加热和朗肯循环。进行了全面的生命周期评估，包括中国政策驱动的辅助收入和分时电价。提出了一种新的评价项目可行性的指标——等效转换效率（ECE），将其定义为加权价格比与系统效率的乘积。结果表明，主蒸汽参数的提高使系统总效率由38.38%提高到42.32%。然而，火用分析确定电加热器是主要的不可逆性源。此外，减少中间规模的再生级显著降低了蒸汽发生器的效率。经济评估证实，排放收入和收费成本控制着可行性，合计占总现金流量的73%以上。峰谷价差高的地区（以广东为代表）净现值随产能扩张而增加，显著优于西北地区（如甘肃）。观察到显著的规模经济，其中300兆瓦系统实现最高的净现值（NPV），并对辅助收入价格的增长表现出最大的敏感性。至关重要的是，在全国范围内，ECE和NPV之间存在很强的相关性（r > 0.9）。分析表明，100%的ECE表明NPV为负，而115%的ECE是保证生命周期盈利能力为正的稳健阈值。这些发现为确定经济上可行的储能部署区域提供了定量标准。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations — a study based on thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupling 层间硬厚度对层状盐储氢洞室围岩损伤及密闭性的影响——基于热-水力-机械-损伤耦合的研究

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140382

Xiao Wang , Guimin Zhang , Peng Li , Long Chen , Yashuai Huang , Yang Hong , Xiaoyi Liu , Xinxing Wei , Kai Liu , Xilin Shi , Yinping Li

Salt cavern hydrogen storage is considered a key technological pathway for establishing large-scale hydrogen energy reserves. To reveal the coupled influence mechanism of surrounding rock damage on the stability and gas tightness of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations, this study takes a salt mine in Jiangsu Province, China, as the background and develops a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical-damage (THM-D) coupled model considering the heterogeneity of the rock mass. In this model, a damage variable is introduced to dynamically capture the deterioration effects of surrounding rock damage on its mechanical and hydraulic properties. Based on this framework, the effects of hard interlayer thickness on surrounding rock damage and tightness in bedded salt hydrogen storage caverns are investigated. The results indicate that damage in the surrounding rock is mainly concentrated within the hard interlayers. Once damaged, the hard interlayer permeability increases exponentially, providing highly connected preferential seepage pathways for hydrogen migration. With increasing hard interlayer thickness, the displacement of the surrounding rock, the cavern shrinkage rate, and the damage extent within the hard interlayers gradually decrease. Moreover, the relationship between tightness and hard interlayer thickness is not linear. As the hard interlayer becomes thicker, tightness first decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again. These findings can provide valuable references for the construction and safety design of hydrogen storage caverns in bedded salt formations.

盐穴储氢被认为是建立大规模氢能储备的关键技术途径。为揭示围岩损伤对层状盐储氢洞室稳定性和气密性的耦合影响机制，以江苏某盐矿为研究背景，建立了考虑岩体非均质性的热-水力-机械-损伤（THM-D）耦合模型。在该模型中，引入损伤变量来动态捕捉围岩损伤对其力学和水力性能的恶化效应。在此框架下，研究了层间硬厚度对层状盐储氢洞室围岩损伤和密闭性的影响。结果表明，围岩的破坏主要集中在坚硬夹层内。一旦破坏，硬层间渗透率呈指数增长，为氢迁移提供了高度连通的优先渗透路径。随着硬夹层厚度的增加，围岩位移、洞室收缩率和硬夹层内部的破坏程度逐渐减小。此外，密封性与硬夹层厚度之间不是线性关系。随着硬夹层厚度的增加，密封性先减小后增大，最后又减小。研究结果可为层状盐储氢洞室的施工和安全设计提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Magnetic field-enhanced catalytic mechanism for green syngas production from phenolic tar in biomass pyrolysis 生物质热解酚醛焦油制备绿色合成气的磁场增强催化机理

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140381

Chongmin Wang , Baofeng Zhao , Haibin Guan , Di Zhu , Lei Chen , Yuying Zhao , Bari Wulan , Laizhi Sun , Tianyi Liu , Wanning Zheng

Magnetic fields (MFs) present a promising strategy for enhancing catalytic performance in biomass tar reforming, though their underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study systematically investigated MF-induced enhancement of Ni-based catalysts for phenol cracking through integrated density functional theory (DFT) calculations and experimental validations. DFT calculations demonstrated that MF intensification induced an upshift in the Ni 3d-band center, enhanced orbital hybridization, and promoted electron transfer from Ni active sites to phenol molecules, consequently suppressing oxygen vacancy deactivation. Transition-state analysis revealed that MF optimized phenol adsorption configurations and reduced reaction energy barriers, facilitating radical-driven pathways. Experimental results showed that under an 80 mT MF at 700 °C, the Ni/CaO-Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₃ catalyst achieved 98.7 % phenol conversion (a 33.2 % enhancement), with H₂ and CO yields increasing by 25.1 % and 60.7 %, respectively, while CO₂ emissions decreased by 37.5 %. Spectroscopic analyses (XPS, EPR) confirmed MF-mediated electron redistribution and oxygen radical suppression. These findings provide fundamental insights into MF-enhanced catalysis and advance the development of efficient, low-carbon biomass conversion technologies.

磁场（MFs）是提高生物质焦油重整催化性能的一种很有前途的策略，尽管其潜在机制仍不完全清楚。本研究通过集成密度泛函理论（DFT）计算和实验验证，系统地研究了mf诱导的ni基催化剂对苯酚裂解的增强作用。DFT计算表明，MF增强诱导了Ni 3d波段中心的上移，增强了轨道杂化，促进了电子从Ni活性位点向酚分子的转移，从而抑制了氧空位失活。过渡态分析表明，MF优化了苯酚的吸附构型，降低了反应能垒，促进了自由基驱动的反应途径。实验结果表明，在700℃、80 mT的MF条件下，Ni/CaO-Ca12Al14O33催化剂的苯酚转化率达到98.7%（提高33.2%），H2和CO的产率分别提高25.1%和60.7%，CO2排放量下降37.5%。光谱分析（XPS， EPR）证实了mf介导的电子重分布和氧自由基抑制。这些发现为mf增强催化提供了基本见解，并推动了高效、低碳生物质转化技术的发展。

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引用次数: 0

Acceleration mechanism of the thermal runaway propagation in an enclosed LIB cluster and the fire disadvantage of liquid immersion 封闭LIB簇热失控传播的加速机理及液体浸没的火灾缺陷

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140289

Binbin Mao , Cheng Chi , Jiahao Lu , Ying Zhang

Thermal runaway propagation (TRP) in lithium-ion battery (LIB) modules presents a major safety concern, particularly in confined environment where heat and ejecta cannot dissipate effectively. This study systematically investigates the heat transfer mechanisms driving TRP under different conditions: open vs. confined spaces, inert vs. oxidative atmospheres, and full-immersion cooling scenarios. TRP in open space often terminates due to rapid heat dissipation, while confinement accelerates propagation significantly through sustained thermal feedback from scorching gases. The propagation rate of the rear rows is up to 9–11 times faster than that of front rows. Decoupling analysis revealed that heat transferred from the surrounding gases contributes more than 90% of the total heat received by a cell before TR, far outweighing radiative effects. Solid ejecta enhanced localized heating but played a secondary role compared to hot gases. Full-immersion with #5 Industrial White Oil has critical dual effects: the oil delays the TR of the triggered cell by about 1600 s, but once ignited it can lead to a much more catastrophic fire with peak HRR increasing from 16.76 kW to 366.62 kW. This study underscores the crucial role of gas-phase heat transfer, and the heat transfer pathways are quantified, which provide valuable advice to mitigate the TRP of an enclosed LIB cluster.

锂离子电池（LIB）模块中的热失控传播（TRP）是一个主要的安全问题，特别是在热量和喷出物无法有效消散的密闭环境中。本研究系统地研究了不同条件下驱动TRP的传热机制：开放与密闭空间，惰性与氧化气氛，以及完全浸入式冷却场景。开放空间中的TRP通常因快速散热而终止，而禁闭通过灼热气体的持续热反馈显着加速传播。后排的繁殖速度比前排快9-11倍。解耦分析表明，在TR之前，来自周围气体的热量贡献了电池接收总热量的90%以上，远远超过了辐射效应。固体喷射物增强了局部加热，但与热气体相比起次要作用。完全浸入5号工业白油具有关键的双重效果：油将触发电池的TR延迟约1600秒，但一旦点燃，它可能导致更灾难性的火灾，峰值HRR从16.76千瓦增加到366.62千瓦。该研究强调了气相传热的重要作用，并对传热途径进行了量化，为降低封闭LIB簇的TRP提供了有价值的建议。

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引用次数: 0

The aero-thermodynamic design of supercritical CO2 radial turbine based on the particle swarm optimization and vortex competitive mechanism 基于粒子群优化和涡旋竞争机制的超临界CO2径向涡轮气动热力设计

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140350

Yanli Feng, Enbo Zhang, Bofeng Bai

The supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO₂) radial inflow turbine (RIT) is a critical component in advanced power cycles. However, its design is challenged by the complexity of thermophysical properties of S-CO₂ and the interdependent nature of key empirical parameters. This study establishes a robust one-dimensional aero-thermodynamic design methodology for S-CO₂ RITs, integrating an optimized loss model correlation with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. The PSO algorithm was then employed to automate the synergistic optimization of five critical dimensionless parameters: reaction degree, flow coefficient, velocity ratio, incidence angle, and radius ratio. The application of this framework to a 350 kW case study demonstrated a significant performance enhancement, achieving a 1.67% increase in total-static efficiency and a 2.03% gain in output power compared to a baseline design. Flow field analysis revealed that the optimized design, characterized by a higher reaction degree and increased blade height, effectively suppresses tip leakage flow and mitigates the adverse coupling between tip leakage vortices (TLVs) and secondary flows by leveraging controlled vortex interactions. This mechanism fundamentally reduces passage and clearance losses, thereby validating the proposed multi-parameter optimization approach as a powerful tool for the high-performance design of S-CO₂ RITs.

超临界二氧化碳（S-CO2）径向流入涡轮（RIT）是先进动力循环的关键部件。然而，其设计受到S-CO2热物理性质的复杂性和关键经验参数的相互依赖性的挑战。本研究建立了一种稳健的S-CO2 RITs一维气动热力学设计方法，将优化的损失模型与粒子群优化（PSO）算法相结合。利用粒子群算法对反应度、流量系数、速度比、入射角、半径比5个关键无量纲参数进行自动协同优化。将该框架应用于350kw的案例研究表明，与基线设计相比，该框架的总静态效率提高了1.67%，输出功率提高了2.03%，显著提高了性能。流场分析表明，优化后的叶片反作用力更大，叶片高度增加，有效抑制了叶尖泄漏流动，并利用可控的涡相互作用缓解了叶尖泄漏涡与二次流之间的不利耦合。该机制从根本上减少了通道和间隙损失，从而验证了所提出的多参数优化方法作为S-CO2 RITs高性能设计的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0

Reducing carbon dioxide emissions in metallurgical production and conserving energy consumption during train operation 减少冶金生产中的二氧化碳排放，节约列车运行中的能源消耗

IF 9.4 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2026.140371

Denys Baranovskyi, Maryna Bulakh

This paper presents a solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in metallurgical production and conserving train energy consumption by lowering the mass of railcars. The study simultaneously focuses on reducing traction energy consumption in rail transport and lowering CO₂ emissions from steel production, demonstrating an interdisciplinary engineering–environmental approach. A theoretical model for train energy consumption during movement across various track sections is developed, incorporating Newton's second law and accounting for forces such as traction, resistance, incline, and braking. The model simulates energy consumption for different speeds, gradients, section lengths, and travel times. Results indicate that energy consumption increases with higher speeds and steeper gradients, but decreases on descending sections, aligning with expected train dynamics. These findings are validated through experiments, showing a margin of error between 2.6% and 4.5%, confirming the model's accuracy. At a speed of 60 km/h, experimental and theoretical energy consumption for a straight section were nearly identical. Even on inclined and descending sections, discrepancies were minimal, supporting the model's reliability. Numerical simulations for a 40 km route at speeds between 60 and 160 km/h showed traction energy savings of 425.69–1199.65 kWh per train, while the railcar mass was reduced by 7.24% through design optimization. The forecast for railcar production to 2030 suggests an increase of 13.7%, which requires further structure optimization measures to minimize the environmental impact. According to the study, reducing the mass of railcars will reduce the need for steel by 1520.95–2465.24 tons per year, which will lead to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 3041.91-4930.48 tons per year.

本文提出了一种通过降低轨道车辆质量来减少冶金生产中二氧化碳排放和节约列车能耗的解决方案。该研究同时侧重于减少铁路运输中的牵引能耗和降低钢铁生产中的二氧化碳排放，展示了一种跨学科的工程-环境方法。结合牛顿第二定律，并考虑牵引力、阻力、倾斜度和制动力等因素，建立了列车在不同路段运行时能量消耗的理论模型。该模型模拟了不同速度、坡度、路段长度和行驶时间下的能耗。结果表明，列车的能量消耗随速度的增加和坡度的增大而增加，但随坡度的减小而减小，与预期的列车动力学一致。这些发现通过实验得到了验证，误差范围在2.6%到4.5%之间，证实了模型的准确性。在60公里/小时的速度下，直线段的实验和理论能耗几乎相同。即使在倾斜和下降的部分，差异是最小的，支持模型的可靠性。以60 ~ 160公里/小时的运行速度对40公里线路进行数值模拟，结果表明，通过优化设计，每列列车可节省425.69 ~ 1199.65千瓦时的牵引能量，同时列车质量降低7.24%。到2030年，轨道车辆产量预计将增长13.7%，这需要进一步采取结构优化措施，以最大限度地减少对环境的影响。根据研究，减少轨道车辆的质量每年将减少1520.95-2465.24吨的钢材需求，这将导致每年减少3041.91-4930.48吨的二氧化碳排放量。

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