Smoked pork and chicken sausages were prepared using three different time-temperature combinations; 60 °C for 4 hours, 75 °C for 3 hours, and 90 °C for 2 hours. The amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in these smoked products was estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The PAH compounds were identified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and the retention time of that particular compound. The most potent carcinogenic PAH compound, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), was not detected in any of the treatments analyzed. The pork and chicken sausages were found to contain the following PAH compounds: Flu, BaA, Chr, BbF, and BkF. Chrysene was found in all samples in the range from 27.38 to 45.08 µg/kg. It was observed that a higher smoking temperature (90 °C) resulted in more PAH compounds in the sausages. Furthermore, the chicken sausages were found to have higher concentrations of PAHs, particularly Chr and BaA, than the pork sausages.
熏制猪肉和鸡肉香肠采用了三种不同的时间-温度组合：60 °C 4 小时、75 °C 3 小时和 90 °C 2 小时。使用液相色谱-质谱法（LC-MS）估算了这些熏制产品中的多环芳烃（PAHs）含量。利用多反应监测（MRM）和特定化合物的保留时间对 PAH 化合物进行了鉴定。在分析的任何处理中都没有检测到致癌性最强的多环芳烃化合物苯并（a）芘（BaP）。猪肉和鸡肉香肠中含有以下多环芳烃化合物：Flu、BaA、Chr、BbF 和 BkF。在所有样品中都发现了菊烯，含量在 27.38 至 45.08 微克/千克之间。据观察，熏制温度越高（90 ° C），香肠中的多环芳烃化合物就越多。此外，与猪肉香肠相比，鸡肉香肠中的多环芳烃浓度更高，尤其是 Chr 和 BaA。
{"title":"Effect of different smoking times and temperatures on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in smoked sausages","authors":"Anindita Mali, Saurabh Kumar Laskar, Muthupalani Muthukumar","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.118457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.118457","url":null,"abstract":"Smoked pork and chicken sausages were prepared using three different time-temperature combinations; 60 °C for 4 hours, 75 °C for 3 hours, and 90 °C for 2 hours. The amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in these smoked products was estimated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The PAH compounds were identified using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and the retention time of that particular compound. The most potent carcinogenic PAH compound, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), was not detected in any of the treatments analyzed. The pork and chicken sausages were found to contain the following PAH compounds: Flu, BaA, Chr, BbF, and BkF. Chrysene was found in all samples in the range from 27.38 to 45.08 µg/kg. It was observed that a higher smoking temperature (90 °C) resulted in more PAH compounds in the sausages. Furthermore, the chicken sausages were found to have higher concentrations of PAHs, particularly Chr and BaA, than the pork sausages.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3897/ejfa.2024.118595
F. Guevara-Hernández, Iliana Arias-Yero, M. L. La O-Arias, M. D. L. Á. Fonseca-Flores, R. Pinto-Ruiz
The sustainability of family farms, or Family Production Units (FPUs), cultivating native maize varieties in Chiapas, Mexico, is intricately linked to economic, socio-productive, environmental, and cultural factors. Given their significance within the regional socio-productive framework, the objective of this study was to assess sustainability across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The methodology employed for sustainability analysis was the Framework for Evaluation of Natural Resource Management Systems (MESMIS). Thirty FPUs were purposively selected from 14 communities spanning four municipalities and were typologically classified into three groups: Traditional, Maize Growers-Livestockers, and Diversified. In-depth interviews were conducted with individual farmers, complemented by group interviews involving entire families. The collected data underwent processing through multiple correspondence statistical analysis, analysis of variance for linear models, and multiple comparisons of means. The results indicated that the Diversified FPU group exhibited higher sustainability, covering 68% of the sustainability perimeter. Consequently, this group demonstrated better conditions for preserving native maize varieties over time and developing strategies to meet their needs concurrently. The Traditional FPU group covered 58%, while the Maize Growers-Livestockers group covered 52% of the sustainability perimeter. In conclusion, it was observed that family reproduction strategies, grounded in resource utilization (capitals), shape forms of nature appropriation that are continually reconfigured. These configurations play a pivotal role in defining the sustainability of FPUs engaged in native maize cultivation in the Frailesca region.
{"title":"Sustainability of native maize family farms in Mexico: Current trends from a socio-agronomic perspective","authors":"F. Guevara-Hernández, Iliana Arias-Yero, M. L. La O-Arias, M. D. L. Á. Fonseca-Flores, R. Pinto-Ruiz","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.118595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.118595","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainability of family farms, or Family Production Units (FPUs), cultivating native maize varieties in Chiapas, Mexico, is intricately linked to economic, socio-productive, environmental, and cultural factors. Given their significance within the regional socio-productive framework, the objective of this study was to assess sustainability across environmental, social, and economic dimensions. The methodology employed for sustainability analysis was the Framework for Evaluation of Natural Resource Management Systems (MESMIS). Thirty FPUs were purposively selected from 14 communities spanning four municipalities and were typologically classified into three groups: Traditional, Maize Growers-Livestockers, and Diversified. In-depth interviews were conducted with individual farmers, complemented by group interviews involving entire families. The collected data underwent processing through multiple correspondence statistical analysis, analysis of variance for linear models, and multiple comparisons of means. The results indicated that the Diversified FPU group exhibited higher sustainability, covering 68% of the sustainability perimeter. Consequently, this group demonstrated better conditions for preserving native maize varieties over time and developing strategies to meet their needs concurrently. The Traditional FPU group covered 58%, while the Maize Growers-Livestockers group covered 52% of the sustainability perimeter. In conclusion, it was observed that family reproduction strategies, grounded in resource utilization (capitals), shape forms of nature appropriation that are continually reconfigured. These configurations play a pivotal role in defining the sustainability of FPUs engaged in native maize cultivation in the Frailesca region.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3897/ejfa.2024.120425
R. Salomón-Torres, Jonathan A. Acosta-Perez, Robert R. Krueger, M. M. Gutiérrez-Pacheco, Yohandri Ruisanchez-Ortega, Abdallah Oihabi, A. Abul-Soad, Abdelouahhab Zaid
The pollination process is one of the most important contributors to a successful date production since the yield and quality of the fruit depends on its correct successful. Liquid pollination in the date palm production is a recently used technique that seeks to obtain acceptable fruit set percentages (FSP) with lower pollen consumption. In this study, during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, the effect of pollination with pollen grains in liquid suspension on the FSP in the date palm cultivar ‘Mejhoul’ was evaluated in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico. The applications were in various proportions of pollen in liquid suspension (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), with approximately 40 mL on each inflorescence. The results revealed that the best treatment was 4 g/L with an average FSP of 67.89 and 68.69% for the years 2021 and 2022 respectively, while the control treatment obtained 54.94 and 57.75%, for the same years. Likewise, this method did not affect the physical and chemical properties and yields. Finally, this study suggests that in addition to consuming a smaller amount of pollen, this method has better pollination efficiency.
{"title":"Influence of pollination in liquid suspension on the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Mejhoul cultivar in the Mexicali valley, Mexico","authors":"R. Salomón-Torres, Jonathan A. Acosta-Perez, Robert R. Krueger, M. M. Gutiérrez-Pacheco, Yohandri Ruisanchez-Ortega, Abdallah Oihabi, A. Abul-Soad, Abdelouahhab Zaid","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.120425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.120425","url":null,"abstract":"The pollination process is one of the most important contributors to a successful date production since the yield and quality of the fruit depends on its correct successful. Liquid pollination in the date palm production is a recently used technique that seeks to obtain acceptable fruit set percentages (FSP) with lower pollen consumption. In this study, during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, the effect of pollination with pollen grains in liquid suspension on the FSP in the date palm cultivar ‘Mejhoul’ was evaluated in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico. The applications were in various proportions of pollen in liquid suspension (1, 2, 3 and 4 g/L), with approximately 40 mL on each inflorescence. The results revealed that the best treatment was 4 g/L with an average FSP of 67.89 and 68.69% for the years 2021 and 2022 respectively, while the control treatment obtained 54.94 and 57.75%, for the same years. Likewise, this method did not affect the physical and chemical properties and yields. Finally, this study suggests that in addition to consuming a smaller amount of pollen, this method has better pollination efficiency.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3897/ejfa.2024.120581
Hossein Neyestan, H. Abbasdokht, Ahmad Gholami
The intercropping system leads to increasing radiation use efficiency and quality indicators and improving the stability in the production of fodder plants. Intercropping and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers are the most effective methods to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. To investigate light and quality indicators of fodder obtained from barley and vetch additive intercropping at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, a split plot experiment was performed with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 4 replications in two experimental fields in Sisab and Shirvan, North Khorasan Province, Iran, during 2017–2018. The factor included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (zero, 50 and 100 Kg.ha−1 (N0, N1 and N2)) and the subfactor included the combination of crops at four levels (barley pure cropping (I1), 15% vetch +100% barley (I2), 30% vetch +100% barley (I3) and 45% vetch + 100% barley (I4) additive intercropping). The results showed the highest fodder dry weight, absorbed radiation, radiation use efficiency, light extinction coefficient, ground cover percentage and leaf area index (LAI) in I3 and N2 in Sisab, and the lowest in I1 and N0 in Shirvan. Also, the highest crude protein (CP) was obtained from I4 and N2 in Shirvan, and the lowest crude protein was obtained from I1 and N0 in Sisab, which was inconsistent with neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The study results showed that increasing the percentage of vetch by 30% in intercropping and using nitrogen fertilizer led to increases in the indicators measured in the experiment.
{"title":"Assessing light and quality indicators of fodder at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer based on additive intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and vetch (Vicilia ervilia) under dryland farming","authors":"Hossein Neyestan, H. Abbasdokht, Ahmad Gholami","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.120581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.120581","url":null,"abstract":"The intercropping system leads to increasing radiation use efficiency and quality indicators and improving the stability in the production of fodder plants. Intercropping and reducing the use of chemical fertilizers are the most effective methods to achieve sustainable agriculture goals. To investigate light and quality indicators of fodder obtained from barley and vetch additive intercropping at different levels of nitrogen fertilizer, a split plot experiment was performed with a randomized complete block design (RCBD) and 4 replications in two experimental fields in Sisab and Shirvan, North Khorasan Province, Iran, during 2017–2018. The factor included nitrogen fertilizer at three levels (zero, 50 and 100 Kg.ha−1 (N0, N1 and N2)) and the subfactor included the combination of crops at four levels (barley pure cropping (I1), 15% vetch +100% barley (I2), 30% vetch +100% barley (I3) and 45% vetch + 100% barley (I4) additive intercropping). The results showed the highest fodder dry weight, absorbed radiation, radiation use efficiency, light extinction coefficient, ground cover percentage and leaf area index (LAI) in I3 and N2 in Sisab, and the lowest in I1 and N0 in Shirvan. Also, the highest crude protein (CP) was obtained from I4 and N2 in Shirvan, and the lowest crude protein was obtained from I1 and N0 in Sisab, which was inconsistent with neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The study results showed that increasing the percentage of vetch by 30% in intercropping and using nitrogen fertilizer led to increases in the indicators measured in the experiment.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140244255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the outcomes of an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the combined impact of irrigating tomatoes with ozonated water and applying organic fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse equipped with an innovative ozonated water generation system. Tomato seeds were planted in 240 pots of 2-liter volume, arranged in 16 rows with 15 pots each. Alongside the native greenhouse topsoil, three distinct substrate mixtures incorporating compost compositions of 10%, 20%, and 40% were examined. Regular irrigation, twice a week, was implemented using three varying concentrations of dissolved ozone in water (1, 2, and 3 ppm). Results obtained after approximately three months of cultivation unveiled an almost twofold increase in plant productivity with ozonated water irrigation. This effect was notably pronounced when utilizing the native topsoil and a substrate containing 10% compost, coupled with an ozone concentration of 2 ppm. Intriguingly, the use of ozonated water facilitated enhanced development of both aerial and root components of the tomato plants. Moreover, the study suggests that organic fertilization may not be necessary when irrigating with ozonated water, as comparable productivity was observed for both fertilized and non-fertilized soil substrates. Although physicochemical analyses indicated minimal alterations, the noticeable improvement in plant vitality underscores the positive influence of ozone.
{"title":"Investigating the synergistic impact of ozonated water irrigation and organic fertilization on tomato growth","authors":"Hakima Labair, Said Nemmich, Khadidja Chiali Charif, Nadia Ramdani, Kamel Nassour, Mokhtar Reguig, Amar Tilmatine","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.119905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.119905","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the outcomes of an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the combined impact of irrigating tomatoes with ozonated water and applying organic fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse equipped with an innovative ozonated water generation system. Tomato seeds were planted in 240 pots of 2-liter volume, arranged in 16 rows with 15 pots each. Alongside the native greenhouse topsoil, three distinct substrate mixtures incorporating compost compositions of 10%, 20%, and 40% were examined. Regular irrigation, twice a week, was implemented using three varying concentrations of dissolved ozone in water (1, 2, and 3 ppm). Results obtained after approximately three months of cultivation unveiled an almost twofold increase in plant productivity with ozonated water irrigation. This effect was notably pronounced when utilizing the native topsoil and a substrate containing 10% compost, coupled with an ozone concentration of 2 ppm. Intriguingly, the use of ozonated water facilitated enhanced development of both aerial and root components of the tomato plants. Moreover, the study suggests that organic fertilization may not be necessary when irrigating with ozonated water, as comparable productivity was observed for both fertilized and non-fertilized soil substrates. Although physicochemical analyses indicated minimal alterations, the noticeable improvement in plant vitality underscores the positive influence of ozone.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140242232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.3897/ejfa.2024.118810
Ferawati, Sri Melia, E. L. S. Suharto, Doni Supadil
The technology for fermenting milk kefir and the development in processing kefir ice cream is crucial to produce superior food products that support health. The addition of prebiotics from bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.)) starch in making ice cream is the main purpose of improving the quality of kefir ice cream. This research purposed to determine the physicochemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat, phenolics, and DPPH for free radical scavenging activity) and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc) characteristics of kefir ice cream after the addition of 3, 5, 7 and 9% (w/w) bengkuang starch. This ice cream used fresh cow’s milk, skim milk, kefir, granulated sugar, whipped cream, CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose), egg yolks, and varying amounts of bengkuang starch. The research showed that the best formulation for all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics was the kefir ice cream added with 9% (w/w) bengkuang starch. This product had stable viability of probiotic microbes (both lactic acid bacteria and yeast), the same protein value as the control, low fat, pH suitable for probiotics, high total phenolic content and DPPH value, and low melting rate even though the overrun value was lower compared to controls. The synergistic combination of bengkuang starch and probiotics from kefir in making ice cream has the potential to produce nutritious functional foods that are beneficial for human health.
{"title":"Physicochemical and microbiological characteristics of kefir ice cream with the addition of bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.)) starch","authors":"Ferawati, Sri Melia, E. L. S. Suharto, Doni Supadil","doi":"10.3897/ejfa.2024.118810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/ejfa.2024.118810","url":null,"abstract":"The technology for fermenting milk kefir and the development in processing kefir ice cream is crucial to produce superior food products that support health. The addition of prebiotics from bengkuang (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.)) starch in making ice cream is the main purpose of improving the quality of kefir ice cream. This research purposed to determine the physicochemical (moisture, ash, protein, fat, phenolics, and DPPH for free radical scavenging activity) and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria, yeast, Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc) characteristics of kefir ice cream after the addition of 3, 5, 7 and 9% (w/w) bengkuang starch. This ice cream used fresh cow’s milk, skim milk, kefir, granulated sugar, whipped cream, CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose), egg yolks, and varying amounts of bengkuang starch. The research showed that the best formulation for all physicochemical and microbiological characteristics was the kefir ice cream added with 9% (w/w) bengkuang starch. This product had stable viability of probiotic microbes (both lactic acid bacteria and yeast), the same protein value as the control, low fat, pH suitable for probiotics, high total phenolic content and DPPH value, and low melting rate even though the overrun value was lower compared to controls. The synergistic combination of bengkuang starch and probiotics from kefir in making ice cream has the potential to produce nutritious functional foods that are beneficial for human health.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140243493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syahraeni Kadir, Abdul Rahim, R. Rahmatu, Nuralam, G. Hutomo, Bahrudin, C. A. Salingkat, Iyan Andriani, Siti Marwiah
The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum concentration of phosphate butyrylated arenga starches (PBAS) of bioplastic based on the physicochemical and sensory properties. The PBAS was obtained by dual modification of native arenga starch through butyrylation using 5% butyric anhydride and crosslinking using 6% a mixture of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at 99:1 (w/w). The concentration of the PBAS tested varied at 4.7; 5.0; 5.3; 5.7; 6.0; 6.3; 6.7; 7.0; and 7.3% (w/v) with three replications so that there were 27 experimental units used. The thickness, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), swelling power, solubility, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water content, pH, biodegradation and properties of sensory were investigated. Results showed that the thickness, solubility, WVTR and water content of bioplastics increased with the increase in the concentrations of PBAS. On the other hand, WHC and OHC, swelling power, pH, and biodegradation decreased along with the increase in PBAS concentrations. Sensory color of bioplastics increased, while texture, aroma and overall acceptability decreased with the increase in PBAS concentrations. The concentration of PBAS at 7.0% was optimum for the physicochemical and sensory properties of bioplastics as indicated by low WVTR and water content as well as panelist preference on bioplastic texture. Keywords: Phosphate butyrylated arenga starches; Physicochemical of bioplastic; Sensory of bioplastic.
{"title":"Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of bioplastics from phosphate butyrylated arenga starches","authors":"Syahraeni Kadir, Abdul Rahim, R. Rahmatu, Nuralam, G. Hutomo, Bahrudin, C. A. Salingkat, Iyan Andriani, Siti Marwiah","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3203","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to obtain the optimum concentration of phosphate butyrylated arenga starches (PBAS) of bioplastic based on the physicochemical and sensory properties. The PBAS was obtained by dual modification of native arenga starch through butyrylation using 5% butyric anhydride and crosslinking using 6% a mixture of sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) and sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) at 99:1 (w/w). The concentration of the PBAS tested varied at 4.7; 5.0; 5.3; 5.7; 6.0; 6.3; 6.7; 7.0; and 7.3% (w/v) with three replications so that there were 27 experimental units used. The thickness, water holding capacity (WHC), oil holding capacity (OHC), swelling power, solubility, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water content, pH, biodegradation and properties of sensory were investigated. Results showed that the thickness, solubility, WVTR and water content of bioplastics increased with the increase in the concentrations of PBAS. On the other hand, WHC and OHC, swelling power, pH, and biodegradation decreased along with the increase in PBAS concentrations. Sensory color of bioplastics increased, while texture, aroma and overall acceptability decreased with the increase in PBAS concentrations. The concentration of PBAS at 7.0% was optimum for the physicochemical and sensory properties of bioplastics as indicated by low WVTR and water content as well as panelist preference on bioplastic texture. Keywords: Phosphate butyrylated arenga starches; Physicochemical of bioplastic; Sensory of bioplastic.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139159875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhamad Zahid Muhamad, N. Kamarulzaman, N. Nawi, M. Shamsudin, Jamaliah Laham
Pineapple cultivation proves to be a significant component of Malaysia's agricultural sector. This research was aimed at quantifying technical efficiency of Johor small-scale pineapple agriculturists. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), a statistical method used to estimate production or cost frontiers, was the preferred method for this purpose. This approach was also used to identify key elements, such as socio-economic characteristics, that influence technical implementation in pineapple farms. A total of 290 pineapple growers participated in the study, and data was collected between 2019 and 2021 during the growing season. The mean observed score of 0.681 is an indication of agriculturists non- maximum efficiency operation activity. However, the inefficiency model showed that aspects such as agricultural experience, extension visits, and participation in workshops significantly reduced inefficiency. The main problem in production points to suboptimal farming applications: agriculturists abstain from using all available agricultural inputs to achieve maximum production. The findings of the study emphasise the need for agriculturists’ proficiency refinement and upskilling in pineapple cultivation agrarian andragogy. Keywords: stochastic frontier analysis, technical efficiency
{"title":"Assessing Technical Efficiency in Malaysian Pineapple Farms: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis Approach","authors":"Muhamad Zahid Muhamad, N. Kamarulzaman, N. Nawi, M. Shamsudin, Jamaliah Laham","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3201","url":null,"abstract":"Pineapple cultivation proves to be a significant component of Malaysia's agricultural sector. This research was aimed at quantifying technical efficiency of Johor small-scale pineapple agriculturists. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), a statistical method used to estimate production or cost frontiers, was the preferred method for this purpose. This approach was also used to identify key elements, such as socio-economic characteristics, that influence technical implementation in pineapple farms. A total of 290 pineapple growers participated in the study, and data was collected between 2019 and 2021 during the growing season. The mean observed score of 0.681 is an indication of agriculturists non- maximum efficiency operation activity. However, the inefficiency model showed that aspects such as agricultural experience, extension visits, and participation in workshops significantly reduced inefficiency. The main problem in production points to suboptimal farming applications: agriculturists abstain from using all available agricultural inputs to achieve maximum production. The findings of the study emphasise the need for agriculturists’ proficiency refinement and upskilling in pineapple cultivation agrarian andragogy. Keywords: stochastic frontier analysis, technical efficiency","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increase of obesity and its metabolic comorbidities have led to a growing consumption of sugar-free products, where sucrose is replaced by low-calorie sweeteners. Since the discovery of the synthesis of saccharin, progressively more non-nutritive sweeteners have been produced and consumed, as they release none or only very small amounts of energy. In this context, traditional synthetic food sweeteners are largely used, because they have a higher sweetener power than most of the sweeteners of natural origin. Yet, due to their potential risks, some of them are being replaced by those obtained from natural origins with high sweetening power, such as thaumatins and neohesperidin DC, or by synthetic sweeteners with an even greater sweetener power, with advantame as the one with the highest sweetening power. Yet, numerous side effects of synthetic sweeteners have been reported (namely, stomach and liver problems, allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, changes in behaviour, cognitive problems, genotoxicity and carcinogenic effects), whereas those naturally derived seem to have less important health problems associated. Moreover, some sweeteners of natural origin, such as polyols, have a low sweetening power, which makes them less effective, but have other functions in food processing. To further understand the implications of using synthetic and natural-derived food sweeteners, this review aims to provide a synoptical approach on chemical characteristics, properties, uses and side effects of those which are currently allowed and applied during food processing mostly considering the authorized sweeteners in European Union. Keywords: Side effects of sweeteners; Sweetener food additives; Sweeteners of natural origin; Sweeteners of synthetic origin; Sweeteners applications
{"title":"Sweetener Food Additives: A Synoptical Overview on Their Chemical Properties, Applications in Food Products and Side Effects","authors":"Maria Manuela Silva, F. Reboredo, F. Lidon","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3202","url":null,"abstract":"The increase of obesity and its metabolic comorbidities have led to a growing consumption of sugar-free products, where sucrose is replaced by low-calorie sweeteners. Since the discovery of the synthesis of saccharin, progressively more non-nutritive sweeteners have been produced and consumed, as they release none or only very small amounts of energy. In this context, traditional synthetic food sweeteners are largely used, because they have a higher sweetener power than most of the sweeteners of natural origin. Yet, due to their potential risks, some of them are being replaced by those obtained from natural origins with high sweetening power, such as thaumatins and neohesperidin DC, or by synthetic sweeteners with an even greater sweetener power, with advantame as the one with the highest sweetening power. Yet, numerous side effects of synthetic sweeteners have been reported (namely, stomach and liver problems, allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, changes in behaviour, cognitive problems, genotoxicity and carcinogenic effects), whereas those naturally derived seem to have less important health problems associated. Moreover, some sweeteners of natural origin, such as polyols, have a low sweetening power, which makes them less effective, but have other functions in food processing. To further understand the implications of using synthetic and natural-derived food sweeteners, this review aims to provide a synoptical approach on chemical characteristics, properties, uses and side effects of those which are currently allowed and applied during food processing mostly considering the authorized sweeteners in European Union. Keywords: Side effects of sweeteners; Sweetener food additives; Sweeteners of natural origin; Sweeteners of synthetic origin; Sweeteners applications","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhouha Aloui, Fatma Kalleli, M. M’hamdi, Mariem Manaa, G. Abid, C. Karmous
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of marine algal extract as foliar spray on growth, physiological, mineral composition, different osmoprotectant levels, various parts of antioxidant system, and gene expression of greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants grown under saline conditions (50mM and 100mM). Through LC/MS analysis, the algal extract's phenolic composition was determined by its abundance in quinic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol and luteolin. The concentration of leaf proline increased while the biomass production, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD index and mineral composition all decreased as a result of salt stress. The salt-stress tolerance mechanism in lettuce involved the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, including LsSOD, LsCAT, and LsAPX, in both stressed and control plants, which demonstrates their important roles. The findings revealed that plants that were treated with marine algal extract had a greater ability to handle salt challenge, as evidenced by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plant growth, SPAD index, Fv/Fm ratio, a better nutritional status in addinto a better osmoprotection against salt stress. Malondialdehyde level, Hydrogen peroxide and stability index levels were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the antioxidant system saw a significant improvement, as demonstrated by the increased activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) under moderate stress conditions (50mM) and more abundant LsCAT transcripts in the stressed plants. Overall, our findings indicate that marine algal extract appears to be an effective biostimulant product for treating lettuce under saline conditions. Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence, gene expression, growth performance, Lactuca sativa L., marine algal extract, mineral composition, osmoprotectants.
{"title":"Marine Algal Extract as a Biostimulant to Improve Tolerance to Salinity in Lettuce Plants","authors":"Dhouha Aloui, Fatma Kalleli, M. M’hamdi, Mariem Manaa, G. Abid, C. Karmous","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3199","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of marine algal extract as foliar spray on growth, physiological, mineral composition, different osmoprotectant levels, various parts of antioxidant system, and gene expression of greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants grown under saline conditions (50mM and 100mM). Through LC/MS analysis, the algal extract's phenolic composition was determined by its abundance in quinic acid, gallic acid, kaempferol and luteolin. The concentration of leaf proline increased while the biomass production, chlorophyll fluorescence, SPAD index and mineral composition all decreased as a result of salt stress. The salt-stress tolerance mechanism in lettuce involved the expression of genes that encode antioxidant enzymes, including LsSOD, LsCAT, and LsAPX, in both stressed and control plants, which demonstrates their important roles. The findings revealed that plants that were treated with marine algal extract had a greater ability to handle salt challenge, as evidenced by a significant (p < 0.05) increase in plant growth, SPAD index, Fv/Fm ratio, a better nutritional status in addinto a better osmoprotection against salt stress. Malondialdehyde level, Hydrogen peroxide and stability index levels were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the antioxidant system saw a significant improvement, as demonstrated by the increased activity of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) under moderate stress conditions (50mM) and more abundant LsCAT transcripts in the stressed plants. Overall, our findings indicate that marine algal extract appears to be an effective biostimulant product for treating lettuce under saline conditions. Keywords: antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll fluorescence, gene expression, growth performance, Lactuca sativa L., marine algal extract, mineral composition, osmoprotectants.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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