Pinyi Gao, Xin Shen, Yongdan Guo, Mei Jin, Dandan Yue, Danqi Li, Xuegui Liu, Changfeng Liu
Rosa laevigata Michx. is an edible traditional Chinese medicinal herb that possesses several health benefits. This study optimized the microwave-assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata fruits and investigated the antimicrobial potency and the antioxidant activity of Rosa laevigata polysaccharides. The microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and the solvent-to-solid ratio were established using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using screening experiments. Maximum polysaccharides yields were obtained when extraction was done for 18 min at a microwave power of 516 W and using a liquid-solid ratio of 54 mL/g. The polysaccharides yield was 20.37 % under the optimized conditions (predictive value for 20.40 %). This study also determined the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial potency of Rosa laevigata fruits to enhance their functional characterization and medicinal use. The antioxidant experiment showed that when the concentration was 5.0 mg/mL, polysaccharides had the strongest scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and the scavenging rate was 83.06 % and 99.38 % respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial experiment showed that the polysaccharides exhibited prominent inhibition activities, the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Rosa laevigata Michx.; polysaccharides; microwave-assisted extraction; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity
{"title":"RSM-optimization of microwave-assisted extraction of R. laevigata polysaccharides with bioactivities","authors":"Pinyi Gao, Xin Shen, Yongdan Guo, Mei Jin, Dandan Yue, Danqi Li, Xuegui Liu, Changfeng Liu","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3159","url":null,"abstract":"Rosa laevigata Michx. is an edible traditional Chinese medicinal herb that possesses several health benefits. This study optimized the microwave-assisted extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Rosa laevigata fruits and investigated the antimicrobial potency and the antioxidant activity of Rosa laevigata polysaccharides. The microwave power, extraction time, the number of extraction, and the solvent-to-solid ratio were established using a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken Design (BBD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using screening experiments. Maximum polysaccharides yields were obtained when extraction was done for 18 min at a microwave power of 516 W and using a liquid-solid ratio of 54 mL/g. The polysaccharides yield was 20.37 % under the optimized conditions (predictive value for 20.40 %). This study also determined the antioxidant activity and the antibacterial potency of Rosa laevigata fruits to enhance their functional characterization and medicinal use. The antioxidant experiment showed that when the concentration was 5.0 mg/mL, polysaccharides had the strongest scavenging ability to DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals, and the scavenging rate was 83.06 % and 99.38 % respectively. Furthermore, the antibacterial experiment showed that the polysaccharides exhibited prominent inhibition activities, the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) at 3.13 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Rosa laevigata Michx.; polysaccharides; microwave-assisted extraction; antibacterial activity; antioxidant activity","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139340929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yasemin Vurarak, Pinar Cubukcu, Ahmet Korhan Sahar, Celile Aylin Oluk
Green stem syndrome is one of the major problems encountered in soybean production in the world because it makes harvesting with a combine harvester difficult. Although the prevalence of the green stem syndrome Turkey is unknown, in recent years it has started to be observed frequently. Leaf color characters in the growing stages of some soybean varieties have been determined according to varieties in this study. Color changes in the leaves from V3 to R8 phase were monitored using L *, a *, b * color scale. Possibility of detecting changes in leaf color before the R8 stage was studied. Some quality parameters have been evaluated in seed samples obtained from plants with and without symptoms in the R8 stage. It was determined that the germination rate of the seeds obtained from the plants with the syndrome decreased by 61.4% on average compared to those from healthy plants. Furthermore, compared to non-symptomatic seeds, symptomatic seeds were larger, had a lower fat ratio, lower palmitic and linoleic fatty acid values, and higher oleic fatty acid values. At this study was determined that the most significant difference was manifested in terms of stem moisture values during germination and harvesting. In addition, detection of green stem syndrome can be used b* color value as a marker. The hypothesis of the study is that the syndrome can be diagnosed at early stage by following color values in the soybean leaves. In the future studies the color of the leaf can also be a parameter available for the machine learning models.
Keywords: Harvest stage, Glycine max (L.), green stem syndrome, leaf color, machine learning
{"title":"A study of the effects of green stem syndrome on some quality parameters in soybean and the possibility of early detection","authors":"Yasemin Vurarak, Pinar Cubukcu, Ahmet Korhan Sahar, Celile Aylin Oluk","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3161","url":null,"abstract":"Green stem syndrome is one of the major problems encountered in soybean production in the world because it makes harvesting with a combine harvester difficult. Although the prevalence of the green stem syndrome Turkey is unknown, in recent years it has started to be observed frequently. Leaf color characters in the growing stages of some soybean varieties have been determined according to varieties in this study. Color changes in the leaves from V3 to R8 phase were monitored using L *, a *, b * color scale. Possibility of detecting changes in leaf color before the R8 stage was studied. Some quality parameters have been evaluated in seed samples obtained from plants with and without symptoms in the R8 stage. It was determined that the germination rate of the seeds obtained from the plants with the syndrome decreased by 61.4% on average compared to those from healthy plants. Furthermore, compared to non-symptomatic seeds, symptomatic seeds were larger, had a lower fat ratio, lower palmitic and linoleic fatty acid values, and higher oleic fatty acid values. At this study was determined that the most significant difference was manifested in terms of stem moisture values during germination and harvesting. In addition, detection of green stem syndrome can be used b* color value as a marker. The hypothesis of the study is that the syndrome can be diagnosed at early stage by following color values in the soybean leaves. In the future studies the color of the leaf can also be a parameter available for the machine learning models.
 Keywords: Harvest stage, Glycine max (L.), green stem syndrome, leaf color, machine learning
","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135935617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Between January and December 2019, banded carpet shell (Polititapes rhomboides, Pennant 1777) were gathered from Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale Strait). The length value was found to range from 32.92 to 36.37 mm, weight between 7.90 and 11.75 g, condition index from 4.44 to 8.70, and meat yield was found to be ranging from 11.95% to 24.95%. Negative allometry was determined in the W/L relationship of P. rhomboides. The main meat component of P. rhomboides was moisture (54.70-65.57%) and protein (52.89-62.10%) with the other components being carbohydrate (10.95-21.30%), lipid (12.79-17.18%) and ash (7.69-19.93%). The correlation between moisture and carbohydrate was positive, whereas the correlation between moisture and protein was negative (p<0.05). The present study not only informs us on composition but also recommends consumption of the species since it is easier to market and consume. Arginine amino acid was found to be the highest in quantity, which was followed by glutamic acid, serine, methionine, alanine, and aspartic acid.
Keywords: Length-weight relationship, Meat yield, Protein, Lipid, Çanakkale Strait.
{"title":"Amino acid and biochemical composition of Banded Carpet Shell (Polititapes rhomboides, Pennant, 1777), collected from the Çardak Lagoon, Turkey","authors":"Pervin Vural","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3156","url":null,"abstract":"Between January and December 2019, banded carpet shell (Polititapes rhomboides, Pennant 1777) were gathered from Çardak Lagoon (Çanakkale Strait). The length value was found to range from 32.92 to 36.37 mm, weight between 7.90 and 11.75 g, condition index from 4.44 to 8.70, and meat yield was found to be ranging from 11.95% to 24.95%. Negative allometry was determined in the W/L relationship of P. rhomboides. The main meat component of P. rhomboides was moisture (54.70-65.57%) and protein (52.89-62.10%) with the other components being carbohydrate (10.95-21.30%), lipid (12.79-17.18%) and ash (7.69-19.93%). The correlation between moisture and carbohydrate was positive, whereas the correlation between moisture and protein was negative (p<0.05). The present study not only informs us on composition but also recommends consumption of the species since it is easier to market and consume. Arginine amino acid was found to be the highest in quantity, which was followed by glutamic acid, serine, methionine, alanine, and aspartic acid. 
 Keywords: Length-weight relationship, Meat yield, Protein, Lipid, Çanakkale Strait.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vitis labrusca has become widely naturalized in the Black Sea region of Northern Turkey. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological, phenological, and genetic characteristics of V. labrusca accessions grown in the Black Sea region during the last three growing seasons. Local genotypes were described according to the Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) ampelographic descriptor, including shoot length (cm), mature leaf size, bunch length and width, berry length and width, berry weight, number of berries, Total Soluble Solids (TTS) and titratable acidity. Additionally, phenological data, including bud burst, flowering, veraison and harvest date, were recorded. The accessions were characterized at the molecular level, and genetic relationships were assessed by means of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Using 6 ISSR primers, seventy-seven bands were obtained, of which 69 were polymorphic with a mean polymorphic rate of 88.68%. These ISSR primers produced polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.48 to 0.5. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.08 to 0.83 among the genotypes. According to the dendrogram based on the ISSR analysis, Accessions 8 and 5 were genetically related, with a coefficient of similarity of 0.83, while Accession 3 was the most distantly related genotype, with a coefficient of similarity of 0.08. These results demonstrated that ISSR markers can be used for genetic diversity analysis among V. labrusca genotypes. Our results also described characteristics of new V. labrusca genotypes that could be valuable for future Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) and grapevine breeding.
Key words: Diversity, foxy species, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSRs), Breeding, polymorphism
{"title":"Phenological, morphological and genetic characterization of local grapevine (Vitis labrusca L.) genotypes grown in the Black Sea Region in Northern Turkey","authors":"Birsen Çakır Aydemir, Kezban Yazıcı, Burcu Göksu","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3160","url":null,"abstract":"Vitis labrusca has become widely naturalized in the Black Sea region of Northern Turkey. The aim of this work was to evaluate the morphological, phenological, and genetic characteristics of V. labrusca accessions grown in the Black Sea region during the last three growing seasons. Local genotypes were described according to the Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV) ampelographic descriptor, including shoot length (cm), mature leaf size, bunch length and width, berry length and width, berry weight, number of berries, Total Soluble Solids (TTS) and titratable acidity. Additionally, phenological data, including bud burst, flowering, veraison and harvest date, were recorded. The accessions were characterized at the molecular level, and genetic relationships were assessed by means of Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. Using 6 ISSR primers, seventy-seven bands were obtained, of which 69 were polymorphic with a mean polymorphic rate of 88.68%. These ISSR primers produced polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranging from 0.48 to 0.5. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.08 to 0.83 among the genotypes. According to the dendrogram based on the ISSR analysis, Accessions 8 and 5 were genetically related, with a coefficient of similarity of 0.83, while Accession 3 was the most distantly related genotype, with a coefficient of similarity of 0.08. These results demonstrated that ISSR markers can be used for genetic diversity analysis among V. labrusca genotypes. Our results also described characteristics of new V. labrusca genotypes that could be valuable for future Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) and grapevine breeding.
 Key words: Diversity, foxy species, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers (ISSRs), Breeding, polymorphism","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135887100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morales-Sánchez José Luis, Hernández-Bautista Emilio, Sánchez-Medina Marco Antonio, Pérez-Santiago Alma Dolores, Matías-Pérez Diana, García-Montalvo Iván Antonio
The present investigation evaluated the pre-Hispanic food called "nicuatole" based on corn, from the Central Valleys region of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The objective of the present work was to present preliminary results of the physicochemical and proximate properties of the pre-Hispanic food locally known as "nicuatole". The sample was prepared based on the traditional endemic recipe of the population of San Agustín Yatareni, Oaxaca, Mexico. To determine the physicochemical composition, samples of 10 g and 3 g were used for the tests (pH and density) and nutritional tests (moisture, proteins, lipids, minerals, and carbohydrates) based on the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). As results, it was obtained that it has a pH of 6.18 and a density of 1.0812 g*mL-1. The main results of the proximal analysis and chemical composition of "nicuatole" were 2.1325% protein; 1.54% ash; 66.3738% humidity content; 0.7563% lipids; 9.6271% carbohydrates; 13.1731% fiber. The pre-Hispanic food known as "nicuatole" can be considered a healthy alternative for the Mexican population.
Keywords: Pre-hispanic food; Nicuatole; Zea mays; Mexico; Dessert
{"title":"Preliminary study of Nicuatole, a traditional endemic food based on Zea mays from the Central Valleys Region, Oaxaca, Mexico","authors":"Morales-Sánchez José Luis, Hernández-Bautista Emilio, Sánchez-Medina Marco Antonio, Pérez-Santiago Alma Dolores, Matías-Pérez Diana, García-Montalvo Iván Antonio","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3155","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation evaluated the pre-Hispanic food called \"nicuatole\" based on corn, from the Central Valleys region of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. The objective of the present work was to present preliminary results of the physicochemical and proximate properties of the pre-Hispanic food locally known as \"nicuatole\". The sample was prepared based on the traditional endemic recipe of the population of San Agustín Yatareni, Oaxaca, Mexico. To determine the physicochemical composition, samples of 10 g and 3 g were used for the tests (pH and density) and nutritional tests (moisture, proteins, lipids, minerals, and carbohydrates) based on the methods described by the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry (AOAC). As results, it was obtained that it has a pH of 6.18 and a density of 1.0812 g*mL-1. The main results of the proximal analysis and chemical composition of \"nicuatole\" were 2.1325% protein; 1.54% ash; 66.3738% humidity content; 0.7563% lipids; 9.6271% carbohydrates; 13.1731% fiber. The pre-Hispanic food known as \"nicuatole\" can be considered a healthy alternative for the Mexican population.
 Keywords: Pre-hispanic food; Nicuatole; Zea mays; Mexico; Dessert
","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136025469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to select promising Turkish local Cucurbita rootstocks among intraspecific and interspecific hybrids for grafted melon seedling based on hybrid success rate, hypocotyl traits and graft compatibility. Rooting potentials, root system architecture and plant growth parameters of the rootstocks grafted with melon were also evaluated. Two lines of C. maxima (male parent) and eleven lines of C. moschata (female parent) at S5 generation were used. In addition, six winter squash lines were used as male parent and six pumpkin lines were used as female parent in intraspecific hybridization program. Intraspecific hybrid combinations had quite high number of seeds per fruit as compared to interspecific hybrid combinations. The highest number of seeds per fruit was obtained from HMO2 × OMO2 (359) and OMO5 × HMO8 (314) hybrid combinations. Hypocotyl lengths of all hybrid cucurbit rootstock combinations ranged from 32.96 mm (RS17) to 73.35 mm (RS8) and hypocotyl thicknesses ranged from 2.71 mm (RS2) to 3.55 mm (RS8). Graft success rates varied between 96.6 – 100% in winter squash and pumpkin intraspecific hybrids and between 87.1 – 100% in interspecific hybrids. Significant differences were seen in root architecture parameters (root length, root volume, mean root diameter, root surface area and root dry matter weight) of intraspecific and interspecies hybrid Cucurbita lines. The findings of the study indicated that the intraspecific and interspecific local cucurbit rootstock candidates developed within the rootstock breeding program showed promise as viable options for commercial use as rootstocks for grafted melon seedlings. Research about the effects of selected intraspecific and interspecific hybrid Cucurbita rootstock candidates on earliness, fruit quality and yield parameters of grafted melon will continue.
Keywords: Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbita moschata; Rootstock breeding; Root system architecture; Melon
本研究根据杂交成功率、下胚轴性状和嫁接相容性，从种内和种间杂交中选择有前途的土耳其地方瓜砧木嫁接瓜苗。并对嫁接甜瓜的砧木的生根势、根系构型和植株生长参数进行了评价。在S5代选用了2个大花花(父本)系和11个花花花(母本)系。另外，用6个冬瓜品系作父本，6个南瓜品系作母本进行种内杂交。种内杂交组合比种间杂交组合具有更高的单果种子数。单果种子数以HMO2 × OMO2(359颗)和OMO5 × HMO8(314颗)组合最高。所有杂交瓜根组合的下胚轴长度为32.96 mm (RS17) ~ 73.35 mm (RS8)，下胚轴厚度为2.71 mm (RS2) ~ 3.55 mm (RS8)。冬瓜和南瓜种内杂交嫁接成功率在96.6 ~ 100%之间，种间杂交嫁接成功率在87.1 ~ 100%之间。种内和种间杂交瓜系的根构型参数(根长、根体积、平均根径、根表面积和根干物质重)差异显著。研究结果表明，在砧木育种计划中培育的种内和种间的葫芦砧木候选品种有望作为嫁接甜瓜幼苗的商业砧木。今后将继续研究选育的种内和种间杂交瓜砧木候选品种对嫁接甜瓜的早熟性、果实品质和产量参数的影响。
关键词:大葫芦;Cucurbita moschata;根茎繁殖;根系结构;瓜# x0D;
{"title":"The selection of intra-inter specific Cucurbita rootstocks for grafted melon seedlings","authors":"Dilek KANDEMİR","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3152","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to select promising Turkish local Cucurbita rootstocks among intraspecific and interspecific hybrids for grafted melon seedling based on hybrid success rate, hypocotyl traits and graft compatibility. Rooting potentials, root system architecture and plant growth parameters of the rootstocks grafted with melon were also evaluated. Two lines of C. maxima (male parent) and eleven lines of C. moschata (female parent) at S5 generation were used. In addition, six winter squash lines were used as male parent and six pumpkin lines were used as female parent in intraspecific hybridization program. Intraspecific hybrid combinations had quite high number of seeds per fruit as compared to interspecific hybrid combinations. The highest number of seeds per fruit was obtained from HMO2 × OMO2 (359) and OMO5 × HMO8 (314) hybrid combinations. Hypocotyl lengths of all hybrid cucurbit rootstock combinations ranged from 32.96 mm (RS17) to 73.35 mm (RS8) and hypocotyl thicknesses ranged from 2.71 mm (RS2) to 3.55 mm (RS8). Graft success rates varied between 96.6 – 100% in winter squash and pumpkin intraspecific hybrids and between 87.1 – 100% in interspecific hybrids. Significant differences were seen in root architecture parameters (root length, root volume, mean root diameter, root surface area and root dry matter weight) of intraspecific and interspecies hybrid Cucurbita lines. The findings of the study indicated that the intraspecific and interspecific local cucurbit rootstock candidates developed within the rootstock breeding program showed promise as viable options for commercial use as rootstocks for grafted melon seedlings. Research about the effects of selected intraspecific and interspecific hybrid Cucurbita rootstock candidates on earliness, fruit quality and yield parameters of grafted melon will continue.
 Keywords: Cucurbita maxima; Cucurbita moschata; Rootstock breeding; Root system architecture; Melon
","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136073244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Antonio Morelos-Flores, Martina Alejandra Chacón-López, Efigenia Montalvo-González, María de Lourdes García-Magaña, Yolanda Nolasco-González, Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes, Héctor González-Hernández
Jackfruit is a tropical fruit and competes with traditional crops such as mango, banana, and pineapple with regard to the quantity exported from the state of Nayarit, Mexico. Because jackfruit is a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate and ethylene production, it has a limited market due to its short shelf life. The effect of the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) post-harvest to extend the shelf life of jackfruit was studied. Physiologically mature fruits were used and 1-MCP was applied at concentrations of 300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1; control fruit without treatment was also evaluated. The fruits were stored for 5 days at 8°C and then were stored at 25°C to simulate the commercialization of the fruit. An absolute control group stored permanently at 25°C was used. The following analyses were carried out: physiologic and physicochemical factors, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total carotenoids, total soluble phenols, and sensory evaluation of the fruits when ripe. The climacteric peak for the absolute controls and fruit treated with 1-MCP (300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1) occurred on days 3, 14, 17, and 17 respectively, prolonging the climacteric peak by an average of 13 days. The maximum rates of ethylene production were reported on days 3, 15, 17, and 17 in the same order, prolonging this by an average of 13 days. The treatment with 1-MCP (600 nL·L−1) extended the shelf life of jackfruit by 9 days compared with the absolute control, preserving the physicochemical, phytochemical, and sensory characteristics for up to 17 days of storage, confirming that the application of 1-MCP post-harvest is effective, providing the opportunity to increase the export destinations of Mexican jackfruit.
Keywords: Jackfruit; 1-Methylcyclopropene; Marketing conditions; Physiologic and physicochemical parameters; Total soluble phenols; Antioxidant capacity
{"title":"Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on jackfruit with marketing simulation at 8°C","authors":"David Antonio Morelos-Flores, Martina Alejandra Chacón-López, Efigenia Montalvo-González, María de Lourdes García-Magaña, Yolanda Nolasco-González, Luis Martín Hernández-Fuentes, Héctor González-Hernández","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3150","url":null,"abstract":"Jackfruit is a tropical fruit and competes with traditional crops such as mango, banana, and pineapple with regard to the quantity exported from the state of Nayarit, Mexico. Because jackfruit is a climacteric fruit with a high respiration rate and ethylene production, it has a limited market due to its short shelf life. The effect of the application of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) post-harvest to extend the shelf life of jackfruit was studied. Physiologically mature fruits were used and 1-MCP was applied at concentrations of 300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1; control fruit without treatment was also evaluated. The fruits were stored for 5 days at 8°C and then were stored at 25°C to simulate the commercialization of the fruit. An absolute control group stored permanently at 25°C was used. The following analyses were carried out: physiologic and physicochemical factors, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C, total carotenoids, total soluble phenols, and sensory evaluation of the fruits when ripe. The climacteric peak for the absolute controls and fruit treated with 1-MCP (300, 600, and 1000 nL·L−1) occurred on days 3, 14, 17, and 17 respectively, prolonging the climacteric peak by an average of 13 days. The maximum rates of ethylene production were reported on days 3, 15, 17, and 17 in the same order, prolonging this by an average of 13 days. The treatment with 1-MCP (600 nL·L−1) extended the shelf life of jackfruit by 9 days compared with the absolute control, preserving the physicochemical, phytochemical, and sensory characteristics for up to 17 days of storage, confirming that the application of 1-MCP post-harvest is effective, providing the opportunity to increase the export destinations of Mexican jackfruit.
 Keywords: Jackfruit; 1-Methylcyclopropene; Marketing conditions; Physiologic and physicochemical parameters; Total soluble phenols; Antioxidant capacity","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136264516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In order to increase the extraction rate of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, microwave puffing was used to process its fresh stems and the processing parameters were optimized. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of sample length (1–5cm), moisture content (15%–25%), microwave power (550–790 W), and microwave processing time (20–40 s) on the expansion ratio. The results showed that the optimized expansion ratio of 371.7% was achieved at the following conditions, i.e., sample length of 3.5 cm, moisture content of 23%, microwave power of 706 W, and processing time of 35 s. It was found that polysaccharides were extracted more readily from puffed D. officinale than from non-puffed D. officinale by 41.8%. Moreover, the bioactivities of polysaccharides from puffing D. officinale and non-puffing D. officinale were evaluated and compared in lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-hyperglycemic assays.
Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; Microwave puffing; Polysaccharides; Lipid peroxidation; Anti-hyperglycemic activity
{"title":"Microwave-assisted puffing of Dendrobium officinale for higher extraction rate of polysaccharides","authors":"Yanhong Li, Zuoqiang Wang, Tingting Li, Xishan Bai, Kai Tian, Xiangzhong Huang","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3148","url":null,"abstract":"In order to increase the extraction rate of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides, microwave puffing was used to process its fresh stems and the processing parameters were optimized. Response surface methodology was used to analyze the effects of sample length (1–5cm), moisture content (15%–25%), microwave power (550–790 W), and microwave processing time (20–40 s) on the expansion ratio. The results showed that the optimized expansion ratio of 371.7% was achieved at the following conditions, i.e., sample length of 3.5 cm, moisture content of 23%, microwave power of 706 W, and processing time of 35 s. It was found that polysaccharides were extracted more readily from puffed D. officinale than from non-puffed D. officinale by 41.8%. Moreover, the bioactivities of polysaccharides from puffing D. officinale and non-puffing D. officinale were evaluated and compared in lipid peroxidation inhibition and anti-hyperglycemic assays.
 Keywords: Dendrobium officinale; Microwave puffing; Polysaccharides; Lipid peroxidation; Anti-hyperglycemic activity","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Rodrigo, Fernando J. Lidon, Fernando H. Reboredo, M. Manuela Silva, María M. Simões, A. Rita Costa
One third of the global population suffers Zn deficiency, which directly affects their health and the health-bill of all world countries. In this study, the application of Zn sulphate at the latest developing stages (anthesis and milk-dough stages) of bread wheat in Mediterranean conditions were tested for grain and leaves enrichment capacity and antioxidant activities prompting. Variety effects were found to be significant to success in enriching leaves and grains with Zn. While Almansor and Roxo varieties increased more than 50% and close to 40% respectively their amount in grain Zn, no significant differences were found for Paiva variety with or without Zn treatment. Regarding the leaves, Zn amount increases of 110, 230 and 300 ppm of Zn were figured out in Almansor, Roxo and Paiva varieties respectively. Antioxidant compounds in leaves showed to be higher when zinc treatment was applied in Almansor variety. Quality traits of the grain wheat were barely affected by the increase of the Zn amount; Roxo variety grains increased the protein and the dry gluten concentration, while Almansor grains were heavier and Almansor flour showed higher tenacity. It can be concluded that Zn enrichment in wheat plants caused variation in both grain and leaves mineral profile, and antioxidants in leaves.
Keywords: Antioxidants, Rainfed conditions, RXF, Winter cereals, Zinc
{"title":"Wheat plant response to zinc enrichment: results from a big plot assay","authors":"Sara Rodrigo, Fernando J. Lidon, Fernando H. Reboredo, M. Manuela Silva, María M. Simões, A. Rita Costa","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3149","url":null,"abstract":"One third of the global population suffers Zn deficiency, which directly affects their health and the health-bill of all world countries. In this study, the application of Zn sulphate at the latest developing stages (anthesis and milk-dough stages) of bread wheat in Mediterranean conditions were tested for grain and leaves enrichment capacity and antioxidant activities prompting. Variety effects were found to be significant to success in enriching leaves and grains with Zn. While Almansor and Roxo varieties increased more than 50% and close to 40% respectively their amount in grain Zn, no significant differences were found for Paiva variety with or without Zn treatment. Regarding the leaves, Zn amount increases of 110, 230 and 300 ppm of Zn were figured out in Almansor, Roxo and Paiva varieties respectively. Antioxidant compounds in leaves showed to be higher when zinc treatment was applied in Almansor variety. Quality traits of the grain wheat were barely affected by the increase of the Zn amount; Roxo variety grains increased the protein and the dry gluten concentration, while Almansor grains were heavier and Almansor flour showed higher tenacity. It can be concluded that Zn enrichment in wheat plants caused variation in both grain and leaves mineral profile, and antioxidants in leaves.
 Keywords: Antioxidants, Rainfed conditions, RXF, Winter cereals, Zinc","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fungal growth impair strongly the quality of processed cocoa, leading to low crops value for farmers and manufacturers. The antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermenting cocoa was analyzed and the conditions of fungal inhibition were evaluated. Fungi were isolated from stored fermented and dried cocoa beans on sabouraud plate medium. The results showed that, LAB strongly inhibit fungi isolated from fermented cocoa beans notably Mucors and Aspergilli, with Lactobacillus plantarum inducing the stronger inhibition whereas Leuconostoc mesenteroides produced a weaker inhibition. Acids production assayed by HPLC was found to be not related to antifungal activity, since LAB strains producing strong antifungal activity were not necessarly the best acid producers. Maximum fungal inhibition occured at 35 °C in Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides but also at 30 °C in Lactobacllus casei. Likewise, a narrow acidic pH range (3.0-4.0) allowed full expression of fungal inhibtion in LAB analyzed that decreased progressively toward pH 7.0 and failed at alkalin pH. However, sucrose even at high content (8%) was found to have no effect on antifungal activity of LAB, but its bioconversion product glucose and fructose decreased this activity when concentrations were set at 6 et 2 %, respectively. All together, the results suggest that, LAB may effectively exert fungal inhibition in a narrow timing of cocoa fermentation, with pulp contained sugars as metabolic regulators of this inhibition. These results may contribute to a better management of LAB as starter culture for an efficient inhibition of fungal growth and prevention of cocoa contamination from mycotoxins.
Key Words : Antifungal activity ; lactic acid bacteria ; cocoa fermentation ; inhibition variation; pH and temperature ; sugars content.
{"title":"Fungal inhibition by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is modulated in vitro by cocoa fermentation-related conditions: towards a biocontrol of fungi in processing cocoa","authors":"Honoré Ouattara, Wilfried Yao, Hadja Ouattara, Karou Germain, Niamke Sebastien","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3146","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal growth impair strongly the quality of processed cocoa, leading to low crops value for farmers and manufacturers. The antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fermenting cocoa was analyzed and the conditions of fungal inhibition were evaluated. Fungi were isolated from stored fermented and dried cocoa beans on sabouraud plate medium. The results showed that, LAB strongly inhibit fungi isolated from fermented cocoa beans notably Mucors and Aspergilli, with Lactobacillus plantarum inducing the stronger inhibition whereas Leuconostoc mesenteroides produced a weaker inhibition. Acids production assayed by HPLC was found to be not related to antifungal activity, since LAB strains producing strong antifungal activity were not necessarly the best acid producers. Maximum fungal inhibition occured at 35 °C in Lactobacillus plantarum and Leuconostoc mesenteroides but also at 30 °C in Lactobacllus casei. Likewise, a narrow acidic pH range (3.0-4.0) allowed full expression of fungal inhibtion in LAB analyzed that decreased progressively toward pH 7.0 and failed at alkalin pH. However, sucrose even at high content (8%) was found to have no effect on antifungal activity of LAB, but its bioconversion product glucose and fructose decreased this activity when concentrations were set at 6 et 2 %, respectively. All together, the results suggest that, LAB may effectively exert fungal inhibition in a narrow timing of cocoa fermentation, with pulp contained sugars as metabolic regulators of this inhibition. These results may contribute to a better management of LAB as starter culture for an efficient inhibition of fungal growth and prevention of cocoa contamination from mycotoxins.
 Key Words : Antifungal activity ; lactic acid bacteria ; cocoa fermentation ; inhibition variation; pH and temperature ; sugars content.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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