The use of doubled-haploids in plant breeding programs enables accelerating the release of new varieties adapted to climate change. The durum wheat x maize crosses technique is a method of choice for producing durum wheat haploid plants. The haploid embryos produced by this method develop without albumen and their survival is ensured by post-pollination hormonal treatments. In this study, nine post-pollination treatments with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and Dicamba at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 were applied to 7 durum wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype and post-pollination treatment on durum wheat haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses and the use of the endosperm nursing technique for haploid plantlets regeneration were investigated. The haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as the post-pollination treatments. The phenomenon of polyembryony resulting from durum wheat x maize crosses is reported for the first time in this article. The durum wheat genotypes showed different abilities to produce monoembryo and polyembryos. The post-pollination treatments with 2,4-D (10 mg.L-1) and Picloram (10 and 100 mg.L-1) gave a higher embryo formation frequency than the treatments with Dicamba. The embryo conversion to plantlet was greatly improved, especially in recalcitrant genotypes using the durum wheat endosperm as supplemental nourishment in combination with the Gamborg B5 regeneration medium. Keywords: Durum wheat; Haploid embryo; Maize; Nurse Endosperm Technique; Polyembryony
{"title":"Use of nurse endosperm for the culture of haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses","authors":"A. Sahli, A. Ltifi, Sonia Mansouri, F. Haouala","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3151","url":null,"abstract":"The use of doubled-haploids in plant breeding programs enables accelerating the release of new varieties adapted to climate change. The durum wheat x maize crosses technique is a method of choice for producing durum wheat haploid plants. The haploid embryos produced by this method develop without albumen and their survival is ensured by post-pollination hormonal treatments. In this study, nine post-pollination treatments with 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), Picloram and Dicamba at the concentrations of 10, 50 and 100 mg.L-1 were applied to 7 durum wheat genotypes. The effects of genotype and post-pollination treatment on durum wheat haploid embryos produced by durum wheat x maize crosses and the use of the endosperm nursing technique for haploid plantlets regeneration were investigated. The haploid induction parameters varied with the durum wheat genotypes as well as the post-pollination treatments. The phenomenon of polyembryony resulting from durum wheat x maize crosses is reported for the first time in this article. The durum wheat genotypes showed different abilities to produce monoembryo and polyembryos. The post-pollination treatments with 2,4-D (10 mg.L-1) and Picloram (10 and 100 mg.L-1) gave a higher embryo formation frequency than the treatments with Dicamba. The embryo conversion to plantlet was greatly improved, especially in recalcitrant genotypes using the durum wheat endosperm as supplemental nourishment in combination with the Gamborg B5 regeneration medium. Keywords: Durum wheat; Haploid embryo; Maize; Nurse Endosperm Technique; Polyembryony","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Daccak, I. Luís, A. Marques, C. Pessoa, A. R. Coelho, C. Galhano, M. M. Silva, P. Legoinha, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, F. Lidon, P. Scotti-Campos, Isabel P Pais, J. Ramalho, António E. Leitão
In grapevines, Zn is essential for normal leaf growth, shoot elongation and pollen development, allowing a fully developed berry. In this context, using as a test system Vitis vinifera L. variety Syrah, this study aimed to assess the interactions between Zn enrichment in grapes and sugars and fatty acids profiles, further considering the sensory implications of red wine production. Vineyard conditions of the soil were assessed to ensure the natural optimal development of grapevines and the workflow for Zn enrichment considered three treatments: foliar spray with water (control) and with ZnSO4 (at 450 and 900g.ha-1). After the 2nd foliar application of ZnSO4, only minor changes of Zn, Ca and P contents were found in grapes (the levels of K, Cu and S increased significantly with ZnSO4 (450 g.ha-1). At harvest, the grapes submitted to foliar application of ZnSO4 showed significantly higher levels of Zn (between 33.38 - 54.41%), but significant deviations in sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose), fatty acids (C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C16:0, C<16:0) and color parameters were not found. After winemaking, relative to the control, a higher content of Zn persisted (60.59 - 63.82%), without impairing the characteristics desired by consumers. In fact, the wine with ZnSO4 (900 g.ha-1) was the most sensorially accepted. Keywords: Foliar spraying with ZnSO4; Grapes enrichment with Zn; Nutrient’s interactions; Sugars and fatty acids profiles; Vitis vinifera L. variety Syrah; Winemaking.
{"title":"Vitis vinifera L. variety Syrah sprayed with ZnSO4: Effect on fruit quality and winemaking","authors":"D. Daccak, I. Luís, A. Marques, C. Pessoa, A. R. Coelho, C. Galhano, M. M. Silva, P. Legoinha, M. Simões, F. Reboredo, F. Lidon, P. Scotti-Campos, Isabel P Pais, J. Ramalho, António E. Leitão","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3175","url":null,"abstract":"In grapevines, Zn is essential for normal leaf growth, shoot elongation and pollen development, allowing a fully developed berry. In this context, using as a test system Vitis vinifera L. variety Syrah, this study aimed to assess the interactions between Zn enrichment in grapes and sugars and fatty acids profiles, further considering the sensory implications of red wine production. Vineyard conditions of the soil were assessed to ensure the natural optimal development of grapevines and the workflow for Zn enrichment considered three treatments: foliar spray with water (control) and with ZnSO4 (at 450 and 900g.ha-1). After the 2nd foliar application of ZnSO4, only minor changes of Zn, Ca and P contents were found in grapes (the levels of K, Cu and S increased significantly with ZnSO4 (450 g.ha-1). At harvest, the grapes submitted to foliar application of ZnSO4 showed significantly higher levels of Zn (between 33.38 - 54.41%), but significant deviations in sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose), fatty acids (C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, C18:3, C16:0, C<16:0) and color parameters were not found. After winemaking, relative to the control, a higher content of Zn persisted (60.59 - 63.82%), without impairing the characteristics desired by consumers. In fact, the wine with ZnSO4 (900 g.ha-1) was the most sensorially accepted. Keywords: Foliar spraying with ZnSO4; Grapes enrichment with Zn; Nutrient’s interactions; Sugars and fatty acids profiles; Vitis vinifera L. variety Syrah; Winemaking.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was to simulate rice yield in various places and outline a rice yield map for the study area using GIS, remote sensing, and a rice model. As a case study, the data were collected on the climate, soil characteristics, and rice cropping status in the AnGiang province (Southern of the Mekong River Delta in Viet Nam). The AquaCrop model was used to predict rice yield. The MODIS image delineated the rice cropping status based on spatial and temporal NDVI values. The results of the yield simulation are then put together with information about where the rice was planted, the weather, and the properties of the soil to make a map of the yield distribution. Finally, the outcomes are verified and contrasted with the statistical findings in the last step. The rice yield was predicted and compared with actual 1 and 6 percent rice yields. The anticipated rice yield map was established for the Winter-Spring cropping season 2012-2013 and the Summer-Autumn and Autumn–Winter cropping seasons 2013. Rice production and yield distribution can be divided into two major areas. The alluvial soil area produces significantly more rice than the LongXuyen quadrangle area because of the difference in soil and weather conditions. Rice yield simulation and delineation combining remote sensing and crop models is a good approach for yield prediction and better agricultural management strategy development in a country or region. The accuracy of the results depends on the quality of the input data, such as soil weather and remote sensing. Keywords: GIS, MODIS, cropping season, rice yield
{"title":"Delineation of Rice Yield and Production in Combination of Crop Model and Remote Sensing","authors":"Minh, Vo Quang, Hien Tran Thi","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3172","url":null,"abstract":"The study was to simulate rice yield in various places and outline a rice yield map for the study area using GIS, remote sensing, and a rice model. As a case study, the data were collected on the climate, soil characteristics, and rice cropping status in the AnGiang province (Southern of the Mekong River Delta in Viet Nam). The AquaCrop model was used to predict rice yield. The MODIS image delineated the rice cropping status based on spatial and temporal NDVI values. The results of the yield simulation are then put together with information about where the rice was planted, the weather, and the properties of the soil to make a map of the yield distribution. Finally, the outcomes are verified and contrasted with the statistical findings in the last step. The rice yield was predicted and compared with actual 1 and 6 percent rice yields. The anticipated rice yield map was established for the Winter-Spring cropping season 2012-2013 and the Summer-Autumn and Autumn–Winter cropping seasons 2013. Rice production and yield distribution can be divided into two major areas. The alluvial soil area produces significantly more rice than the LongXuyen quadrangle area because of the difference in soil and weather conditions. Rice yield simulation and delineation combining remote sensing and crop models is a good approach for yield prediction and better agricultural management strategy development in a country or region. The accuracy of the results depends on the quality of the input data, such as soil weather and remote sensing. Keywords: GIS, MODIS, cropping season, rice yield","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Munar, M. Sembiring, Tengku Sabrina, Ahmad Rafiqi Tantawi
Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient requirement by plants. P elements applied to the soil are quickly deposited into an insoluble form. Insoluble P in the soil can be converted into available P by phosphate solubilizing microbes. One of the factors that affect the activity and growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes is sound. This study aims to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing soil microbes in the rhizosphere of maize by sound exposure. The research was conducted by sound treatment and without sound of Al-Quran recitation in the rhizosphere of maize, then isolated and identified the phosphate solubilizing microbes. The research results obtained 11 isolates consisting of three isolates of fungi and eight isolates of bacteria. Fungi isolates found on sound-exposure soil. Subsequently, the highest microbes of phosphate dissolution index and growth curve after the sound exposure will be identified. The results of identification using the PCR-16S rRNA sequencing method showed the phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate TSB1 was Burkholderia contaminants, TSB4 was B. latens, SMB2 was B. cepacia, and SMB4 was Burkholderia sp. Phosphate solubilizing fungi SMJ3 isolate was Talaromyces muroii and SMJ6 was Talaromyces sp. The growth curve of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria showed a different pattern, likewise phosphate solubilizing fungi. Keywords: Isolation; Identification; Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes; Sound
{"title":"Isolation and identification of phosphate solubilizing microbes in the rhizosphere of maize by sound exposure","authors":"A. Munar, M. Sembiring, Tengku Sabrina, Ahmad Rafiqi Tantawi","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3169","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphorus (P) is a macronutrient requirement by plants. P elements applied to the soil are quickly deposited into an insoluble form. Insoluble P in the soil can be converted into available P by phosphate solubilizing microbes. One of the factors that affect the activity and growth of phosphate solubilizing microbes is sound. This study aims to isolate and identify phosphate solubilizing soil microbes in the rhizosphere of maize by sound exposure. The research was conducted by sound treatment and without sound of Al-Quran recitation in the rhizosphere of maize, then isolated and identified the phosphate solubilizing microbes. The research results obtained 11 isolates consisting of three isolates of fungi and eight isolates of bacteria. Fungi isolates found on sound-exposure soil. Subsequently, the highest microbes of phosphate dissolution index and growth curve after the sound exposure will be identified. The results of identification using the PCR-16S rRNA sequencing method showed the phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolate TSB1 was Burkholderia contaminants, TSB4 was B. latens, SMB2 was B. cepacia, and SMB4 was Burkholderia sp. Phosphate solubilizing fungi SMJ3 isolate was Talaromyces muroii and SMJ6 was Talaromyces sp. The growth curve of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria showed a different pattern, likewise phosphate solubilizing fungi. Keywords: Isolation; Identification; Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes; Sound","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139283019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. İdi̇kut, Duygu Uskutoğlu, Songül Çiftçi Sakin, G. Zulkadir
In this study, the effect of corn on grain quality was investigated by applying different weed removal processes in corn plant. These, which was repeated for two years, four weed removal treatments [Hand hoe (H), hand and tractor hoe (HT), tractor hoe (T), and no-operation-control (C)] were tested on corn in a pre-treated [radish (R)] and an untreated [no front crop (NR)] field. According to the means of the applications for the years; thousand grain weight (TGW) and weight of ear grain (WEG) values were high in R, H and HT applications, while the lowest values were obtained in control applications. In protein content (PC), it has been noted that R application reduces the PC value while hoe applications gave parallel results with TGW and WEG. Rod ratio on the cob (RRC) and starch content (SC) values were positively affected by R and C applications. Finally, in the oil content (OC) value, it has been seen that the differences in the combination of the applications where the NR and C applications have insignificant but positive effects are more prominent. As a result, while R, H and HT applications and their combinations caused positive effects on yield-related parameters (TGW and WEG), some inconsistencies were observed in quality parameters (OC, SC and PC). It is thought that these discrepancies are caused by changes in the nutrient content of the soil and its acceptability by the plant, influenced by changes in the amount of precipitation. Keywords: agroecology; allelopathy; bio-herbicide; Raphanus sativus; Zea mays L.
本研究通过对玉米植株采用不同的除草工艺，调查了玉米对谷物品质的影响。 在预处理[萝卜（R）]和未处理[无前茬作物（NR）]田块中，对玉米进行了四种除草处理[手锄（H）、手锄和拖拉机锄（HT）、拖拉机锄（T）和不操作控制（C）]试验，试验重复进行了两年。根据各年施药的平均值，R、H 和 HT 施药的千粒重（TGW）和穗粒重（WEG）值较高，而对照施药的值最低。在蛋白质含量（PC）方面，施用 R 会降低 PC 值，而施用锄头的结果与千粒重和穗粒重相同。茎杆比率（RRC）和淀粉含量（SC）值受到 R 和 C 应用的积极影响。最后，在含油量（OC）值方面，可以看出，在 NR 和 C 的应用中，组合应用的差异并不显著，但积极影响更为突出。因此，虽然 R、H 和 HT 应用及其组合对产量相关参数（TGW 和 WEG）产生了积极影响，但在质量参数（OC、SC 和 PC）方面却出现了一些不一致。据认为，造成这些差异的原因是土壤养分含量的变化以及植物对养分的接受能力受到降水量变化的影响。 关键词：农业生态学；等位基因；生物除草剂；Raphanus sativus；Zea mays L.
{"title":"Pre-plant application and different weed removal applications and their combinations caused positive effects on yield-related parameters","authors":"L. İdi̇kut, Duygu Uskutoğlu, Songül Çiftçi Sakin, G. Zulkadir","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3171","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the effect of corn on grain quality was investigated by applying different weed removal processes in corn plant. These, which was repeated for two years, four weed removal treatments [Hand hoe (H), hand and tractor hoe (HT), tractor hoe (T), and no-operation-control (C)] were tested on corn in a pre-treated [radish (R)] and an untreated [no front crop (NR)] field. According to the means of the applications for the years; thousand grain weight (TGW) and weight of ear grain (WEG) values were high in R, H and HT applications, while the lowest values were obtained in control applications. In protein content (PC), it has been noted that R application reduces the PC value while hoe applications gave parallel results with TGW and WEG. Rod ratio on the cob (RRC) and starch content (SC) values were positively affected by R and C applications. Finally, in the oil content (OC) value, it has been seen that the differences in the combination of the applications where the NR and C applications have insignificant but positive effects are more prominent. As a result, while R, H and HT applications and their combinations caused positive effects on yield-related parameters (TGW and WEG), some inconsistencies were observed in quality parameters (OC, SC and PC). It is thought that these discrepancies are caused by changes in the nutrient content of the soil and its acceptability by the plant, influenced by changes in the amount of precipitation. Keywords: agroecology; allelopathy; bio-herbicide; Raphanus sativus; Zea mays L.","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139283024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract: The study aimed to uncloak use efficiency of energy and greenhouse gas dispersions in tea cultivation. The study was performed in Rize Province of Türkiye in 2021. In the study, the energy input-output, specific energy, net energy, energy productivity, energy efficiency, types of energy input; greenhouse gas emission, and greenhouse gas emission rates were calculated. A proportional sample survey was used to assess the number of enterprises to be studied for survey and data studies, and face-to-face interviews were held in 2021 with 103 enterprises that could be reached. In the study, energy input was 25686.59 MJha-1, output of energy as 10633.04 MJha-1, efficiency of energy as 0.41, specific energy as 1.93 MJkg-1, productivity of energy as 0.52 kgMJ-1, net energy as -15053.55 MJha-1. 48.72% of all the inputs used in production consisted of human labor energy by 12513.35 MJha-1, 34.40% consisted of the energy of chemical fertilizers by 8835.67 MJha-1, 10.02% consisted of diesel fuel by 2573.37 MJha-1, 4.41% consisted of electricity by 1134 MJha-1, 2.22% consisted of machinery by 570.40 MJha-1 and 0.23% consisted of transportation by 59.81 MJha-1. 63.15% (16220 MJha-1) of the inputs consisted of direct 36.85% (9465.88 MJha-1) and consisted of indirect energy, 48.72% (12513.35 MJha-1) consisted of renewable energy and 51.28% (13173.24 MJha-1) consisted of non-renewable energy. Total greenhouse gas dispersion and greenhouse gas dispersion ratio have been respectively calculated as 551.82 kgCO2-eqha-1 and 0.04 kgCO2-eqkg-1. Keywords: Energy consumption; GHG dispersion; GHG ratio; Tea; Türkiye
{"title":"Investigating greenhouse gas dispersions and energy consumptive in tea cultivation","authors":"Taner Yıldız","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: The study aimed to uncloak use efficiency of energy and greenhouse gas dispersions in tea cultivation. The study was performed in Rize Province of Türkiye in 2021. In the study, the energy input-output, specific energy, net energy, energy productivity, energy efficiency, types of energy input; greenhouse gas emission, and greenhouse gas emission rates were calculated. A proportional sample survey was used to assess the number of enterprises to be studied for survey and data studies, and face-to-face interviews were held in 2021 with 103 enterprises that could be reached. In the study, energy input was 25686.59 MJha-1, output of energy as 10633.04 MJha-1, efficiency of energy as 0.41, specific energy as 1.93 MJkg-1, productivity of energy as 0.52 kgMJ-1, net energy as -15053.55 MJha-1. 48.72% of all the inputs used in production consisted of human labor energy by 12513.35 MJha-1, 34.40% consisted of the energy of chemical fertilizers by 8835.67 MJha-1, 10.02% consisted of diesel fuel by 2573.37 MJha-1, 4.41% consisted of electricity by 1134 MJha-1, 2.22% consisted of machinery by 570.40 MJha-1 and 0.23% consisted of transportation by 59.81 MJha-1. 63.15% (16220 MJha-1) of the inputs consisted of direct 36.85% (9465.88 MJha-1) and consisted of indirect energy, 48.72% (12513.35 MJha-1) consisted of renewable energy and 51.28% (13173.24 MJha-1) consisted of non-renewable energy. Total greenhouse gas dispersion and greenhouse gas dispersion ratio have been respectively calculated as 551.82 kgCO2-eqha-1 and 0.04 kgCO2-eqkg-1. Keywords: Energy consumption; GHG dispersion; GHG ratio; Tea; Türkiye","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139282866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Josimar Aleixo da Silva, Paula Aparecida Muniz de Lima, Julcinara Oliveira Baptista, José Carlos Lopes, Allan Rocha de Freitas, R. S. Alexandre, Tamyris de Mello, Simone de Oliveira Lopes
The varieties creole are traditionally grown plant, adapted in places where the crops are developed and present in seeds banks of many famers. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the germination process and possible toxic effects. Were used seeds of creole cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), using different concentrations of aluminum. We used a randomized completely design with four repetitions of 25 seeds and the treatments were distributed in 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four bean cultivars (Carioca, Butter, Black, Red) and five concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg L-1) of aluminum sulfate. The characteristics analyzed were percentage of germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings, germination speed index, root length, length of the base of the seedling to the hypocotyl, hypocotyl length of seedlings to the epicotyl, root dry mass and shoot dry mass. The variables germination percentage and germination speed index were not affected by the toxic effect of aluminum. The variables percentage of abnormal seedlings, root length and shoot showed a significant reduction with the increase in aluminum sulfate concentrations, thus showing a greater correlation between them. Keywords: Aluminum; Fabaceae; Physiological quality; Toxicity
{"title":"Germination and seed vigor of Phaseolus vulgaris submitted to treatments whit aluminum sulfate","authors":"Josimar Aleixo da Silva, Paula Aparecida Muniz de Lima, Julcinara Oliveira Baptista, José Carlos Lopes, Allan Rocha de Freitas, R. S. Alexandre, Tamyris de Mello, Simone de Oliveira Lopes","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3167","url":null,"abstract":"The varieties creole are traditionally grown plant, adapted in places where the crops are developed and present in seeds banks of many famers. Thus the objective of this study was to investigate the performance of the germination process and possible toxic effects. Were used seeds of creole cultivars of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), using different concentrations of aluminum. We used a randomized completely design with four repetitions of 25 seeds and the treatments were distributed in 4 x 5 factorial scheme, consisting of four bean cultivars (Carioca, Butter, Black, Red) and five concentrations (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg L-1) of aluminum sulfate. The characteristics analyzed were percentage of germination, percentage of abnormal seedlings, germination speed index, root length, length of the base of the seedling to the hypocotyl, hypocotyl length of seedlings to the epicotyl, root dry mass and shoot dry mass. The variables germination percentage and germination speed index were not affected by the toxic effect of aluminum. The variables percentage of abnormal seedlings, root length and shoot showed a significant reduction with the increase in aluminum sulfate concentrations, thus showing a greater correlation between them. Keywords: Aluminum; Fabaceae; Physiological quality; Toxicity","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139286102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For studying the different recovery maturity influence on tomato postharvest storage quality, in different harvest maturity tomato (green ripe period, color-changing period, red period) as experiment material, put it in 3℃ and 28℃temperature storage, and the determination of three different harvest maturity tomato in weightlessness rate, decay rate in the process of storage, reducing sugar content, titratable acid content, lycopene content and the content of ascorbic acid and so on six indicators, according to the fuzzy weight methods to establish comprehensive evaluation index weights, determine the harvest maturity of science. The results showed that under two different temperature environments, the highest comprehensive evaluation index of tomato was 0.6644 and the storage quality was the best. The comprehensive evaluation index of tomatoes harvested in the color-changing period was 0.4709, which was more suitable for storage at 3℃. The comprehensive evaluation index of tomatoes harvested in green ripening period was 0.3919, and the storage quality was relatively poor. Key words: Tomato ；Ripeness； Effect of storage； Quality; Fuzzy weight methods
{"title":"Effects of harvest ripeness on storage quality of tomato fruits","authors":"Hua-ling Zhang, Xiao-yi Huang, Hai-ying Wang, Xiao-ke Jia, Qin-ru Song, Chen Ting, Zhi-rong Chen","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3166","url":null,"abstract":"For studying the different recovery maturity influence on tomato postharvest storage quality, in different harvest maturity tomato (green ripe period, color-changing period, red period) as experiment material, put it in 3℃ and 28℃temperature storage, and the determination of three different harvest maturity tomato in weightlessness rate, decay rate in the process of storage, reducing sugar content, titratable acid content, lycopene content and the content of ascorbic acid and so on six indicators, according to the fuzzy weight methods to establish comprehensive evaluation index weights, determine the harvest maturity of science. The results showed that under two different temperature environments, the highest comprehensive evaluation index of tomato was 0.6644 and the storage quality was the best. The comprehensive evaluation index of tomatoes harvested in the color-changing period was 0.4709, which was more suitable for storage at 3℃. The comprehensive evaluation index of tomatoes harvested in green ripening period was 0.3919, and the storage quality was relatively poor. Key words: Tomato ；Ripeness； Effect of storage； Quality; Fuzzy weight methods","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139284858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bromelain is a complex of cysteine proteases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) which was widely used in meat tenderizers. Earlier, using a synthetic optimized gene approach, recombinant bromelain of MD2-pineapple (MD2-MBro) was successfully produced in a fully soluble form. Nevertheless, the use of MD2-MBro to tenderize the meat has never been examined. Indeed, no report on the meat tenderization activity using recombinant bromelain was found. The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of MD2-MBro on meat tenderness and its physicochemical properties. To address this, MD2-MBro was over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus(DE3), followed by purification using a single step of Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Fresh lamb shoulder meat from a local market in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, was then treated with MD2-MBro at the concentration of 0 (B0), 0.01 (B1), 0.05 (B2), and 0.1% (B3). The meat tenderness was measured using Warner-Bratzler shear forces, indicating that the addition of MD2-MBro had significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the shear force value from 8.80kg/cm2 to the range of 6.01 to 6.92 kg/cm2, which falls under the category of tender. The ability of MD2-MBro to tenderize meat might be related to its ability to degrade myofibril protein, as demonstrated by the formation of a clear zone under an agar plate system and scanning electron microscopy. Besides, the total protein or sarcoplasmic protein solubility was significantly enhanced by the MD2-MBro treatments, along with soluble peptides, free amino acids, collagen content, and collagen solubility, which indicated the improvement in meat protein digestibility. Other physicochemical properties (color, pH, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss) of the meat were affected by MD2-MBro treatments yet remained in the normal range. Altogether, while MD2-MBro consisted of only a single cysteine protease enzyme, this protein can tenderize meat and increase protein digestibility, with acceptable changes in the overall physicochemical properties.
Keywords: bromelain, cysteine protease, meat tenderizer, recombinant protein, pineapple
{"title":"Tenderness and physicochemical characteristics of meat treated by recombinant bromelain of MD2 pineapple from a codon-optimized synthetic gene","authors":"Rafida Razali, Vijay Kumar, Cahyo Budiman","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3164","url":null,"abstract":"Bromelain is a complex of cysteine proteases from pineapple (Ananas comosus) which was widely used in meat tenderizers. Earlier, using a synthetic optimized gene approach, recombinant bromelain of MD2-pineapple (MD2-MBro) was successfully produced in a fully soluble form. Nevertheless, the use of MD2-MBro to tenderize the meat has never been examined. Indeed, no report on the meat tenderization activity using recombinant bromelain was found. The aim of the current study is to determine the effect of MD2-MBro on meat tenderness and its physicochemical properties. To address this, MD2-MBro was over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 CodonPlus(DE3), followed by purification using a single step of Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. Fresh lamb shoulder meat from a local market in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, was then treated with MD2-MBro at the concentration of 0 (B0), 0.01 (B1), 0.05 (B2), and 0.1% (B3). The meat tenderness was measured using Warner-Bratzler shear forces, indicating that the addition of MD2-MBro had significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the shear force value from 8.80kg/cm2 to the range of 6.01 to 6.92 kg/cm2, which falls under the category of tender. The ability of MD2-MBro to tenderize meat might be related to its ability to degrade myofibril protein, as demonstrated by the formation of a clear zone under an agar plate system and scanning electron microscopy. Besides, the total protein or sarcoplasmic protein solubility was significantly enhanced by the MD2-MBro treatments, along with soluble peptides, free amino acids, collagen content, and collagen solubility, which indicated the improvement in meat protein digestibility. Other physicochemical properties (color, pH, water-holding capacity, and cooking loss) of the meat were affected by MD2-MBro treatments yet remained in the normal range. Altogether, while MD2-MBro consisted of only a single cysteine protease enzyme, this protein can tenderize meat and increase protein digestibility, with acceptable changes in the overall physicochemical properties.
 Keywords: bromelain, cysteine protease, meat tenderizer, recombinant protein, pineapple","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136058573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham, Pandurangan Subash-Babu, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Ghalia Shamlan, Laila Al-Harbi, Ali A Alshatwi
Current strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy like regular intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the risk of developing CRC but they induce the regression of adenomas. Even the CRC management technique include colectomy, have not yet been proven to reduce mortality. The present study aimed to reduce the susceptibility of CRC via controlling cellular oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase depended apoptosis in HT-115 human colorectal cancer cells using pistachio seed coat extract as nutritional therapy. Increasing concentrations of pistachio seed coat ethyl acetate extract (PSCE) were applied to HT-115 cells, which were incubated for 24 h and 48 h. The IC50 values were 14 mg/dl after 24 h, and and 7.5 mg/dl after 48 h. Acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining confirmed the presence of 32% early apoptotic, 27% pre-apoptotic, 12% apoptotic, and 6% necrotic cells after 48 h. PSCE at 14 mg/dl significantly increased the antioxidant capacity via the expression of CYP1A and GSK3β, and decreased inflammatory agents via decreasing NF-κb, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE-2 expression three-fold after 48 h. The expression of the tumor suppression related genes p53 and mdm2, and the apoptosis related genes Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, p21, and PCNA levels increased one-fold, and levels of mdm2, Bcl-2 and PCNA decreased after PME treatment of 48 h. PSCE effectively controlled colon cancer cell proliferation via the caspase-dependent mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway. Keywords: Pistachia vera, cytotoxicity, human colon cancer, Cis-Vaccininc acid, apoptosis
{"title":"Cis-vaccinic acid, Dibutyl-Cyanamide and 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid from pistachio (Pistachia vera) seed coat (PSCE) induced nuclear damage and cytotoxicity in human colon cancer HT-115 cells","authors":"Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham, Pandurangan Subash-Babu, Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah, Ghalia Shamlan, Laila Al-Harbi, Ali A Alshatwi","doi":"10.9755/ejfa.2023.3163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.2023.3163","url":null,"abstract":"Current strategy for colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy like regular intake of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the risk of developing CRC but they induce the regression of adenomas. Even the CRC management technique include colectomy, have not yet been proven to reduce mortality. The present study aimed to reduce the susceptibility of CRC via controlling cellular oxidative stress, inflammation and caspase depended apoptosis in HT-115 human colorectal cancer cells using pistachio seed coat extract as nutritional therapy. Increasing concentrations of pistachio seed coat ethyl acetate extract (PSCE) were applied to HT-115 cells, which were incubated for 24 h and 48 h. The IC50 values were 14 mg/dl after 24 h, and and 7.5 mg/dl after 48 h. Acridine orange/ ethidium bromide staining confirmed the presence of 32% early apoptotic, 27% pre-apoptotic, 12% apoptotic, and 6% necrotic cells after 48 h. PSCE at 14 mg/dl significantly increased the antioxidant capacity via the expression of CYP1A and GSK3β, and decreased inflammatory agents via decreasing NF-κb, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE-2 expression three-fold after 48 h. The expression of the tumor suppression related genes p53 and mdm2, and the apoptosis related genes Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, p21, and PCNA levels increased one-fold, and levels of mdm2, Bcl-2 and PCNA decreased after PME treatment of 48 h. PSCE effectively controlled colon cancer cell proliferation via the caspase-dependent mitochondrial mediated apoptotic pathway. \u0000Keywords: Pistachia vera, cytotoxicity, human colon cancer, Cis-Vaccininc acid, apoptosis","PeriodicalId":11648,"journal":{"name":"Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135471195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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