Energy Conversion and Management最新文献_第8页

Low-carbon and flexible energy hub operation through carbon capture, utilization, and storage, INVELOX wind technology, and demand response strategies 通过碳捕获、利用和储存、INVELOX风能技术和需求响应策略，实现低碳和灵活的能源枢纽运营

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120975

Mehdi Akbarpour , Amir Abdollahi , Mehran Abdali , Mahdi Vosoogh , Mehdi Shafiee

This paper proposes an optimal operational framework for a flexibility-based energy hub management system (FBEH-EMS) that explicitly accounts for uncertainties in renewable energy sources (RESs) and demand profiles. The framework aims to enhance flexibility, minimize operating costs, and reduce emissions in energy hubs (EHs). On the supply side, gas-fired power plants and storage units are modeled as the primary flexibility providers. A quantitative system flexibility index (SFI) is developed, incorporating both the maximum available capacity and the dynamic response times of electrical and thermal units. The proposed EH integrates advanced technologies such as carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS), photovoltaic (PV) panels, INVELOX wind turbines (IWTs), compressed air energy storage (CAES), photothermal (PT) units, electrical heat pumps (EHPs), combined heat and power (CHP) systems, power-to-gas (P2G), and electric vehicles (EVs). On the demand side, demand response programs (DRPs)—particularly time-of-use (TOU) pricing—are employed to facilitate load shifting and mitigate energy not supplied (ENS). To address the multi-objective problem of minimizing costs, emissions, and ENS while maximizing flexibility, a hybrid Bald Eagle Search–Mutant Grey Wolf Optimization (hBES-MGWO) algorithm is implemented. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves up to a 27.2% reduction in operating costs, a 91.2% decrease in emissions, and a 169.7% (2.88-fold) improvement in flexibility, confirming its effectiveness in achieving sustainable, low-carbon EH operation.

本文提出了一个基于灵活性的能源枢纽管理系统（FBEH-EMS）的最佳运行框架，该系统明确考虑了可再生能源（RESs）和需求概况的不确定性。该框架旨在提高灵活性，最大限度地降低运营成本，并减少能源中心（EHs）的排放。在供应方面，燃气发电厂和存储单元被建模为主要的灵活性提供者。开发了一个定量的系统灵活性指数（SFI），包括最大可用容量和电和热单元的动态响应时间。拟议的EH集成了先进的技术，如碳捕集、利用和储存（CCUS）、光伏（PV）面板、INVELOX风力涡轮机（IWTs）、压缩空气储能（CAES）、光热（PT）装置、电热泵（EHPs）、热电联产（CHP）系统、电转气（P2G）和电动汽车（ev）。在需求端，需求响应程序（DRPs）——特别是分时电价（TOU）定价——被用来促进负荷转移和缓解不供应能源（ENS）。为了解决最小化成本、排放和ENS同时最大化灵活性的多目标问题，实现了一种混合秃鹰搜索-突变灰狼优化（hBES-MGWO）算法。模拟结果表明，该框架可降低27.2%的运营成本，减少91.2%的排放量，并在灵活性方面提高169.7%（2.88倍），证实了其在实现可持续低碳EH运营方面的有效性。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation on pre-chamber geometry for passenger Car engine 乘用车发动机预燃室几何结构试验研究

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121136

Štěpán Kyjovský, Ivan Bortel, Vojtěch Klír, Oldřich Vítek, Mikuláš Adámek

In the ongoing efforts to reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions from combustion engines, pre-chamber ignition plays an important role in enabling novel internal combustion engine concepts. Pre-chamber ignition has the potential to decrease both energy consumption and emission production through higher compression ratios, lean burn, and alternative net zero fuels combustion. The paper provides experimental evaluation of different pre-chamber geometries for an automotive SI engine, specifically aiming at actuating only a single variable in the presented comparisons. 14 different pre-chambers with different orifice diameters, orifice opening angles, total flow areas, and materials were tested under different operating conditions, equivalence ratios, and EGR fractions. Experimental data are extended with 0D/1D CFD analysis. Results show the relative differences between the designs vary significantly with differing loads, speed and crucially dilution. Faster main chamber combustion results in higher fuel consumption due to increased pre-chamber associated losses. Optimal A/V varied between 3 and 8 m⁻¹ based on operating conditions and designs offering the best compromise fall significantly outside the criteria commonly referenced in the literature. The results also show that stable low load operation was achievable for some of the designs. The paper extends current pre-chamber design recommendations for differing operating conditions on a modern downsized engine.

在减少内燃机二氧化碳和污染物排放的持续努力中，预燃室点火在实现新型内燃机概念方面发挥着重要作用。通过更高的压缩比、稀薄燃烧和替代净零燃料燃烧，预燃室点火具有降低能耗和排放的潜力。本文提供了不同的预室几何形状的汽车SI发动机的实验评估，特别是针对在提出的比较中仅驱动一个变量。在不同的工况、当量比和EGR馏分下，对14种不同孔口直径、孔口开角、总流道面积和材料的预室进行了测试。对实验数据进行了0D/1D CFD分析。结果表明，不同的载荷、速度和关键的稀释度，设计之间的相对差异有显著差异。更快的主室燃烧导致更高的燃料消耗，由于增加的预室相关损失。根据运行条件和设计，最佳A/V在3到8 m−1之间变化，提供最佳折衷方案，明显超出了文献中常用的标准。结果还表明，一些设计可以实现稳定的低负荷运行。本文扩展了当前针对现代小型化发动机不同工况的预室设计建议。

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引用次数: 0

Global site selection for hybrid solar thermal desalination: advancing the energy-water nexus with open-source tools 混合太阳能热脱盐的全球选址：利用开源工具推进能源-水关系

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121091

Yingfei Huang , Amr Omar , Robert A. Taylor , Greg Leslie

Solar desalination leverages renewable energy to advance SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), addressing energy consumption and water scarcity challenges. However, collocating large-scale concentrated solar power (CSP) with multi-effect distillation (MED) necessitates balancing resource demands such as climate, market dynamics, land topography, water availability, infrastructure, land use, and increased frequency of disaster risk due to global warming. This work develops an open-source multi-dimensional tool that integrates Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data, the System Advisor Model (SAM), an in-house techno-economic model, and multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) to assess site feasibility at resolutions from 0.5 to 50 km. Simulations under current climate conditions identified 61 countries with suitable locations for CSP-MED plants, with 67.3% of the sites located in Australia, the United States, Mexico, South Africa, Egypt, Spain, and Namibia, where typical payback periods are 15–21 years. Optimal sites are characterised by direct normal irradiance (DNI) greater than 5 kWh/m²/day, moderate elevation, and limited distance to seawater, thereby avoiding high-altitude and far-inland locations. Dynamic simulations under different carbon emissions scenarios (low, medium, and high) for 2030 and 2050 demonstrate that climate change will only minimally impact the feasibility of CSP-MED processes, with payback periods increasing by a maximum of 6 months under high carbon emission scenarios. Overall, it is expected that the developed tool can be used to assist with national and state/provincial-level strategic planning for deploying large-scale solar-desalination projects.

太阳能海水淡化利用可再生能源推进可持续发展目标6（清洁水和卫生设施）和可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源），解决能源消耗和水资源短缺的挑战。然而，将大规模聚光太阳能（CSP）与多效蒸馏（MED）相结合，需要平衡资源需求，如气候、市场动态、土地地形、水资源供应、基础设施、土地利用，以及由于全球变暖而增加的灾害风险频率。这项工作开发了一个开源的多维工具，它集成了地理信息系统（GIS）数据、系统顾问模型（SAM）、内部技术经济模型和多标准决策（MCDM），以评估0.5至50 公里分辨率的选址可行性。在当前气候条件下的模拟确定了61个国家适合CSP-MED工厂的位置，其中67.3%位于澳大利亚，美国，墨西哥，南非，埃及，西班牙和纳米比亚，典型的投资回收期为15-21 年。最佳地点的特点是直接正常辐照度（DNI）大于5 kWh/m2/天，海拔适中，与海水的距离有限，从而避免高海拔和遥远的内陆地区。2030年和2050年不同碳排放情景（低、中、高）下的动态模拟表明，气候变化对CSP-MED工艺的可行性影响最小，在高碳排放情景下，投资回收期最多增加6 个月。总的来说，预计开发的工具可用于协助国家和州/省一级部署大规模太阳能脱盐项目的战略规划。

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引用次数: 0

Tandem catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide into sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) for e-SAF development 串联催化二氧化碳转化为可持续航空燃料（SAF）的e-SAF发展

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121140

Vikas Verma, Sheng-Yu Chen, Wei-Cheng Wang

Direct catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO₂) into jet-range hydrocarbons represents a promising route for producing low-carbon sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Developing catalysts that enable high selectivity toward paraffinic, aviation-grade hydrocarbons, however, remains a major challenge. In this study, a series of iron-based catalysts promoted with transition metals (Co, Cu, Zn and Ni) were synthesized using one-pot solution combustion method and evaluated for CO₂ hydrogenation. The catalysts were thoroughly characterized using PXRD, N₂ adsorption–desorption analysis, H₂-TPR, H₂/CO/CO₂-TPD, SEM, TGA and TEM. Among the prepared materials, the cobalt-promoted catalyst demonstrated the highest selectivity toward SAF-range hydrocarbons (56.62%) with a C₅₊ selectivity of 69.88% at 300 °C, 10 bar, 2400 mL g_cat⁻¹h⁻¹ gas hourly space velocity, and H₂/CO₂ = 3. At 350 °C, cobalt incorporation produced the highest paraffin fraction (57.28%) and a 5.43% cyclic hydrocarbon fraction, while significantly reducing aromatics (11.22%), resulting in an improved jet-range (C₈-C₁₆) hydrocarbon distribution. Mechanistic investigations combining in situ infrared spectroscopy and PXRD analysis indicate a tandem reaction pathway, in which CO₂ is first converted to CO on iron oxide sites, followed by chain growth on dispersed iron carbide domains. Cobalt promotion stabilizes oxide-metal interfacial sites, enhancing hydrogen activation and hydrogenation efficiency, thereby shifting product selectivity toward paraffinic hydrocarbons. These findings demonstrate that cobalt-promoted Fe-based catalysts offer an effective and energy-relevant strategy for CO₂ conversion to SAF-range hydrocarbons, providing valuable insights for the design of efficient CO₂-to-fuel catalytic systems.

将二氧化碳（CO2）直接催化转化为喷气式碳氢化合物是生产低碳可持续航空燃料（SAF）和减少温室气体排放的一条有前途的途径。然而，开发对石蜡、航空级碳氢化合物具有高选择性的催化剂仍然是一个重大挑战。本研究采用一锅溶液燃烧法合成了一系列过渡金属（Co、Cu、Zn和Ni）促进的铁基催化剂，并对其CO2加氢性能进行了评价。采用PXRD、N2吸附-脱附分析、H2- tpr、H2/CO/CO2-TPD、SEM、TGA和TEM对催化剂进行了表征。在300℃、10 bar、2400 mL gcat−1h−1气时空速、H2/CO2 = 3条件下，钴催化催化剂对saf范围烃类的选择性最高（56.62%），对C5+的选择性为69.88%。在350°C时，钴的掺入产生了最高的石蜡分数（57.28%）和5.43%的环烃分数，同时显著降低了芳烃分数（11.22%），从而改善了烃的喷射范围（C8-C16）。结合原位红外光谱和PXRD分析的机理研究表明，CO2首先在氧化铁位点上转化为CO，然后在分散的碳化铁畴上链式生长。钴促进稳定氧化物-金属界面位点，提高氢活化和加氢效率，从而使产物选择性转向石蜡烃。这些发现表明，钴促进的铁基催化剂为二氧化碳转化为saf范围的碳氢化合物提供了一种有效的能源相关策略，为设计高效的二氧化碳转化为燃料的催化系统提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the carbon efficiency paradox in distributed photovoltaic self-consumption: industry-specific optimization of storage and self-consumption 揭示分布式光伏自用的碳效率悖论：针对行业的储能和自用优化

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121103

Congyi Wang , Zhaoyuan Wu , Linyan Yang , Runkai Song , Cong Wu , Ming Zhou

Driven by dual-carbon targets, the rapid expansion of distributed photovoltaic systems has intensified the challenge of local consumption, making high self-consumption ratios a major policy priority. Nevertheless, excessively high ratios may lead to over-deployment of energy storage and inefficient photovoltaic investment, which in turn diminishes the expected benefits of carbon emission reduction. This study addresses this carbon efficiency paradox by proposing an industry-specific optimization framework that balances economic performance and carbon reduction. To test this hypothesis, an industry-oriented two-stage optimization framework is established to jointly optimize storage deployment and self-consumption ratios under dynamic carbon constraints. The optimization is a mixed-integer linear programming problem solved in MATLAB R2021a. The results show that optimal self-consumption ratios generally range between 0.63 and 0.66 and vary across industries. Flexible sectors, such as agriculture, benefit from higher ratios, whereas excessive self-consumption increases costs and emissions through storage overuse. Dynamic carbon-coupled pricing improves both decarbonization and economic outcomes, especially in load-elastic sectors. These findings highlight the need for tailored regulations, balanced storage deployment, and context-specific pricing to maximize carbon and economic benefits.

在双碳目标的推动下，分布式光伏系统的快速扩张加剧了当地消费的挑战，使高自用比例成为一项主要的政策重点。然而，过高的比例可能导致储能的过度部署和光伏投资的低效，从而降低了碳减排的预期效益。本研究通过提出一个行业特定的优化框架来平衡经济绩效和碳减排，解决了这一碳效率悖论。为了验证这一假设，建立了一个面向行业的两阶段优化框架，共同优化动态碳约束下的储能部署和自用比。该优化是一个混合整数线性规划问题，在MATLAB R2021a中求解。结果表明，最优自我消费比率一般在0.63 ~ 0.66之间，各行业之间存在差异。农业等灵活部门受益于更高的比例，而过度的自我消费则会因储存过度使用而增加成本和排放。动态碳耦合定价可以改善脱碳和经济效益，特别是在负荷弹性部门。这些发现强调了制定量身定制的法规、平衡的储能部署和针对具体情况的定价的必要性，以最大限度地提高碳和经济效益。

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引用次数: 0

Radiative-cooling-enabled hybrid perovskite solar cell-thermoelectric system: Modeling, optimization, and performance insights 辐射冷却启用混合钙钛矿太阳能电池-热电系统：建模，优化和性能见解

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121132

Qin Zhao , Ziqi Zhao , Houcheng Zhang , Meng Ni

Integrating thermoelectric generators (TEGs) with perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is recognized for increasing spectrum utilization. However, conventional TEGs hardly sustain a sufficient temperature difference unless supported by extra powering for active heating or cooling, thereby restricting system-level energy efficiency (EE). Herein, we introduce a radiative-cooling-enabled thermoelectric generator (RTEG) and pioneeringly establish the corresponding PSC-RTEG integration system (PRTIS) that passively achieves sub-ambient cold-side temperatures without extra energy input, toward higher EE. A detailed theoretical model, rigorously validated against experimental data, is developed to predict and compare performance. Key variables are analyzed along with their underlying mechanisms. Results show that the PRTIS achieves an initial maximum EE of 19.80%, significantly outperforming standalone PSCs and conventional PSC-TEG integration systems by 5.71% and 2.43%, respectively. Global optimization elevates the PRTIS EE limit to 20.41%, delivering gains of 3.08% over the unoptimized PRTIS and 8.97% over a standalone PSC, respectively. Moreover, the sensitivities of EE limits to operational conditions are quantified. Reducing the cold-side temperature via radiative cooling exerts the strongest influence, underscoring the decisive role of passive cooling in high-performance photovoltaic-thermoelectric integration. This work reveals the radiative-cooling-enabled integration system’s superiority, offering design guidelines for practical implementation and new insights for advancing photovoltaic-thermoelectric integration technologies.

将热电发电机（teg）与钙钛矿太阳能电池（psc）集成在一起，可以提高频谱利用率。然而，传统的teg很难维持足够的温差，除非有额外的动力支持主动加热或冷却，从而限制了系统级的能源效率（EE）。在此，我们介绍了一种辐射冷却热电发电机（RTEG），并率先建立了相应的PSC-RTEG集成系统（PRTIS），该系统可以被动地实现亚环境冷侧温度，而无需额外的能量输入，从而实现更高的EE。一个详细的理论模型，严格验证了实验数据，开发预测和比较性能。对关键变量及其底层机制进行分析。结果表明，PRTIS的初始最大EE为19.80%，显著优于独立psc和传统PSC-TEG集成系统，分别高出5.71%和2.43%。全局优化将PRTIS的EE限制提高到20.41%，比未优化的PRTIS提高了3.08%，比独立的PSC提高了8.97%。此外，还量化了EE限值对操作条件的敏感性。通过辐射冷却降低冷侧温度的影响最大，强调了被动冷却在高性能光伏热电集成中的决定性作用。这项工作揭示了辐射冷却集成系统的优越性，为实际实施提供了设计指南，并为推进光伏-热电集成技术提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Pressure-driven flame structure and vapor-rich zone dynamics in lip-height blended fuel pool fires 唇高混合型燃料池火焰的压力驱动火焰结构和富汽区动力学

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121131

Xuehui Wang , Xiepeng Sun , Yu Han , Yuxuan Ma , Longhua Hu

The blended liquid fuels are considered as promising clean alternative fuels to address the current energy crisis and fossil fuel pollution issues in the field of combustion. The diffusion flame combustion behavior of blended fuel at low pressure—as a pioneering research problem—involves complex interactions of various flows, liquid–vapor phase transitions, heat-mass transfer processes and multi-component chemical reactions. This work investigates key characteristics of n-Heptane/DGM blended fuel pool fire with a lip height, including flame color, burning rate, flame height and temperature distribution under various ambient pressures (40 kPa–101 kPa). A distinct vapor-rich zone near flame base is observed for pool fire with a lip height, particularly at relatively low ambient pressures. The bluish flame base sheet extends more significantly under low-pressure conditions; a theoretical relation between oxygen entrainment and ambient pressure is deduced. A new correlation has been established relating flame height to both ambient pressure and combustion heat of blended fuel. By analyzing energy equation, the temperature distribution characteristics of flame development region were examined in detail, and exhibits a linear relationship with height. A theoretical model based on the Peclet number (Pe) is proposed to characterize this temperature gradient, which is intensified by the restricted air entrainment under low-pressure conditions. This study utilizes comprehensive experimental data and theoretical models to advance understanding of blended fuel diffusion flame structure under low pressure. The insights into flame dynamics gained are critical for fire safety in aerospace and energy systems and contribute to progress in sustainable fuels and clean combustion.

混合液体燃料被认为是解决当前能源危机和燃烧领域化石燃料污染问题的有前途的清洁替代燃料。混合燃料在低压下的扩散火焰燃烧行为是一个开创性的研究问题，涉及各种流动、液-气相变、热-质传递过程和多组分化学反应的复杂相互作用。本文研究了不同环境压力（40 kPa - 101 kPa）下正庚烷/DGM混合燃料池火焰的主要特征，包括火焰颜色、燃烧速率、火焰高度和温度分布。对于唇高的池火，特别是在相对较低的环境压力下，在火焰底部观察到明显的富蒸气区。蓝色火焰基片在低压条件下延伸更明显；推导了含氧量与环境压力之间的理论关系。建立了混合燃料火焰高度与环境压力和燃烧热的新关系。通过对能量方程的分析，详细考察了火焰发展区的温度分布特征，并与高度呈线性关系。提出了一个基于佩莱特数（Pe）的理论模型来描述这种温度梯度，这种温度梯度在低压条件下因受限空气夹带而加剧。本研究利用综合的实验数据和理论模型来加深对混合燃料低压扩散火焰结构的认识。获得的火焰动力学见解对于航空航天和能源系统的消防安全至关重要，并有助于可持续燃料和清洁燃烧的进步。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking the solar load-demand mismatch: adsorption cascade cycle with MIL-101 achieving yearlong thermal management 打破太阳能负荷需求不匹配：吸附级联循环与MIL-101实现全年热管理

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121135

Bing-zhi Yuan , Li-wei Wang

Climate extremes amplify thermal stress, whereas building thermal management infrastructure exacerbates this crisis through positive feedback mechanisms. Solar-powered systems present a promising pathway, yet their intermittency and suboptimal thermal conversion efficiencies create implementation barriers for carbon–neutral buildings. This research presents a chemical-physical adsorption cascade cycle with CaCl₂ and MIL-101 that achieves a breakthrough by lowering the desorption temperature to 70°C. This thermal management capability enables reconciliation of thermal loads and demand through temporally decoupled energy storage and dispatch mechanisms. The reduction in desorption temperature enables the system to perform energy storage during the spring, summer, and autumn seasons and then release heat through adsorption in winter. The maximum energy storage density reaches 1673 kJ/kg, with a maximum heat storage efficiency of 0.64. In the summer cooling mode, the coefficient of performance can reach 0.37. Additionally, it can still supply cooling capacity even in extremely high temperatures (40℃) in summer. The cycle integrates the flexible desorption temperature of physisorbents with the robust adsorption kinetics intrinsic to chemisorbents. This study resolves long-standing contradictions in the interdependence between desorption and adsorption temperatures, while unlocking transformative potential in low-grade thermal energy utilization and thermal management for carbon–neutral buildings.

极端气候加剧了热应力，而建筑热管理基础设施通过正反馈机制加剧了这一危机。太阳能系统提供了一个很有前途的途径，但它们的间歇性和次优的热转换效率为碳中和建筑的实施创造了障碍。本研究提出了CaCl2和MIL-101的化学-物理级联吸附循环，通过将解吸温度降低到70℃实现了突破。这种热管理能力可以通过暂时解耦的能量存储和调度机制来调节热负荷和需求。解吸温度的降低使系统能够在春、夏、秋三个季节进行能量储存，然后在冬季通过吸附释放热量。最大储能密度达到1673 kJ/kg，最大储热效率为0.64。在夏季制冷方式下，性能系数可达0.37。此外，即使在夏季极高的温度（40℃）下，它仍然可以提供冷却能力。该循环将物理吸附剂的灵活解吸温度与化学吸附剂固有的强大吸附动力学相结合。该研究解决了解吸和吸附温度之间相互依赖的长期矛盾，同时释放了低品位热能利用和碳中性建筑热管理的变革潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Photovoltaic louvers integrating radiative cooling and phase change materials: A comprehensive analysis of power generation and thermal management 集成辐射冷却和相变材料的光伏百叶：发电和热管理的综合分析

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121133

Yubo Wang , Jiwei Guo , Yanfang Liu , Yiqiang Jiang , Cheng Sun

Building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems face performance challenges due to temperature-induced power generation degradation. A photovoltaic (PV) louver incorporating phase change material (PCM) and radiative cooling (RC) technology has been proposed to suppress daytime temperature rise in PV modules and accelerate nighttime regeneration of the PCM. Experimental results indicate that PCM reduced the PV module temperature rise by 2.18–2.28 °C, reaching the maximum reduction of 2.28 °C at a louver tilt angle of 0°. With RC integrated, the louver cooling time was further shortened by 14.33–34.67% compared with natural cooling, and the greatest reduction (34.67%) was also obtained at a louver tilt angle of 0°. Multiple linear regression analysis indicates that the effects of louver tilt angle and PCM on power generation are comparable, contributing 54.77% and 45.23%, respectively. In contrast, for louver cooling, RC dominates the cooling performance, accounting for 76.54% of the cooling effect, substantially exceeding the influence of tilt angle adjustment. Overall, coupling daytime PCM thermal buffering with nighttime radiative cooling enables an effective day–night thermal management cycle for PV-PCM-RC louver system, reducing temperature rise and associated power degradation while accelerating PCM regeneration for BIPV applications.

由于温度引起的发电退化，建筑集成光伏（BIPV）系统面临性能挑战。提出了一种结合相变材料（PCM）和辐射冷却（RC）技术的光伏（PV）百叶窗，以抑制光伏组件白天的温度升高，并加速PCM的夜间再生。实验结果表明，PCM使光伏组件温升降低了2.18 ~ 2.28℃，当百叶倾角为0°时，降低幅度最大，为2.28℃。集成RC后，与自然冷却相比，百叶冷却时间进一步缩短14.33 ~ 34.67%，且百叶倾斜角度为0°时降幅最大（34.67%）。多元线性回归分析表明，百叶窗倾角和PCM对发电量的影响具有可比性，贡献率分别为54.77%和45.23%。相比之下，对于百叶窗的冷却，RC占主导地位，占冷却效果的76.54%，大大超过了倾斜角度调节的影响。总的来说，将白天的PCM热缓冲与夜间的辐射冷却相结合，可以为PV-PCM-RC百叶窗系统实现有效的昼夜热管理循环，减少温度升高和相关的功率退化，同时加速BIPV应用的PCM再生。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrogen-driven smart energy districts in hot climates: Coupling passive, active, and water synergies for net-zero carbon cities 炎热气候下的氢驱动智能能源区：为净零碳城市耦合被动、主动和水的协同效应

IF 10.9 1区工程技术 Q1 ENERGY & FUELS

Energy Conversion and Management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2026.121088

Niima Es-sakali , Imad Ait Laasri , Houda Er-retby , Mohamed Oualid Mghazli

Hot-climate cities face increasing challenges in achieving resilient pathways toward net-zero carbon emissions while ensuring thermal comfort, energy security, and resource efficiency. This study introduces a hydrogen-integrated net-zero energy district framework that couples passive building design strategies, active energy systems, and water reuse measures with a district-scale hydrogen energy hub. Using a developed open-source hydrogen simulation model (H₂UrbanPlus), a newly planned district of 22 residential buildings is simulated under five design scenarios combining photovoltaics, passive shading, green roofs, and hydrogen-based storage. Results show that hydrogen plays a pivotal role in enabling seasonal balancing and resilience: district self-sufficiency rises by up to 85.6%, annual carbon dioxide emissions are reduced by 159 tonnes annually, and the system achieves near-carbon neutrality. Techno-economic evaluation demonstrates that hydrogen integration, when coupled with urban passive and water-energy synergies, lowers the effective levelized cost of electricity and improves the net present value of district investments. By providing a first district-scale co-simulation of passive, active, hydrogen, and water-recovery systems in a semi-arid hot-climate context, this study delivers new quantitative evidence on the role of hydrogen-enabled energy hubs in supporting resilient, low-carbon, and self-sufficient urban districts, offering actionable insights for planners and policymakers shaping future net-zero and hydrogen-transition strategies.

在确保热舒适、能源安全和资源效率的同时，热气候城市在实现净零碳排放的弹性路径方面面临越来越大的挑战。本研究介绍了一个氢集成的净零能耗区域框架，该框架将被动式建筑设计策略、主动能源系统和水再利用措施与区域规模的氢能源枢纽结合起来。利用开发的开源氢模拟模型（H2UrbanPlus），在光伏、被动式遮阳、绿色屋顶和氢基储存的五种设计场景下，模拟了一个新规划的22栋住宅小区。结果表明，氢在实现季节性平衡和恢复力方面发挥着关键作用：地区自给率提高了85.6%，年二氧化碳排放量减少了159吨，系统实现了近碳中和。技术经济评价表明，当与城市被动式和水能协同作用相结合时，氢一体化降低了有效的平准化电力成本，提高了地区投资的净现值。本研究首次在半干旱炎热气候背景下对被动、主动、氢和水回收系统进行了区域尺度的联合模拟，为氢能源中心在支持有弹性、低碳和自给自足的城市地区方面的作用提供了新的定量证据，为规划者和政策制定者制定未来的净零排放和氢转型战略提供了可行的见解。

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