Energy Policy最新文献_第2页

Hydrogen in the European power sector – A case study on the impacts of regulatory frameworks for green hydrogen 欧洲电力部门的氢-关于绿色氢监管框架影响的案例研究

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115200

Julian Radek, Marco Sebastian Breder, Christoph Weber

To ensure renewable hydrogen (H₂) production, the European Union (EU) has introduced regulatory frameworks, notably the Delegated Act (DA) on Renewable Hydrogen. These regulations aim to ensure a 70% reduction in emissions compared to steam-methane reforming by defining requirements for renewable hydrogen production, including notably criteria of additionality, as well as spatial and temporal correlation. However, concerns have arisen among stakeholders regarding the potential barriers these criteria may pose to the growth of the EU hydrogen economy. Our analysis examines the implications of these regulations, analyzing the effects of the criteria on renewable hydrogen production from a system perspective. By doing that, we can assess the interplay with hydrogen production in European non-EU countries, as well as the role of imports from third countries, while accounting for the EU objective of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. Our findings indicate that the aggregate impact of the DA on the EU hydrogen economy is rather limited, but that the regulation may induce substantial spatial shifts in hydrogen production within the EU. The more decisive factor appears to be the interaction between the DA and the availability of imports satisfying similar regulatory requirements, as different scenarios regarding potential imports lead to differing impacts of the DA on both installed electrolyzer capacities and domestic hydrogen production levels.

为了确保可再生氢（H2）的生产，欧盟（EU）引入了监管框架，特别是可再生氢授权法案（DA）。这些法规旨在通过定义可再生制氢的要求，包括显著的附加性标准，以及空间和时间相关性，确保与蒸汽-甲烷重整相比减排70%。然而，利益相关者对这些标准可能对欧盟氢经济增长构成的潜在障碍表示担忧。我们的分析考察了这些法规的影响，从系统的角度分析了标准对可再生氢生产的影响。通过这样做，我们可以评估与欧洲非欧盟国家氢生产的相互作用，以及从第三国进口的作用，同时考虑到欧盟到2050年实现净零排放的目标。我们的研究结果表明，DA对欧盟氢经济的总体影响相当有限，但该法规可能会导致欧盟内部氢生产的实质性空间变化。更具决定性的因素似乎是每日排放与满足类似监管要求的进口产品的可用性之间的相互作用，因为潜在进口的不同情景导致每日排放对已安装的电解槽容量和国内氢气生产水平的不同影响。

{"title":"Hydrogen in the European power sector – A case study on the impacts of regulatory frameworks for green hydrogen","authors":"Julian Radek, Marco Sebastian Breder, Christoph Weber","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To ensure renewable hydrogen (H<sub>2</sub>) production, the European Union (EU) has introduced regulatory frameworks, notably the Delegated Act (DA) on Renewable Hydrogen. These regulations aim to ensure a 70% reduction in emissions compared to steam-methane reforming by defining requirements for renewable hydrogen production, including notably criteria of additionality, as well as spatial and temporal correlation. However, concerns have arisen among stakeholders regarding the potential barriers these criteria may pose to the growth of the EU hydrogen economy. Our analysis examines the implications of these regulations, analyzing the effects of the criteria on renewable hydrogen production from a system perspective. By doing that, we can assess the interplay with hydrogen production in European non-EU countries, as well as the role of imports from third countries, while accounting for the EU objective of achieving net zero emissions by 2050. Our findings indicate that the aggregate impact of the DA on the EU hydrogen economy is rather limited, but that the regulation may induce substantial spatial shifts in hydrogen production within the EU. The more decisive factor appears to be the interaction between the DA and the availability of imports satisfying similar regulatory requirements, as different scenarios regarding potential imports lead to differing impacts of the DA on both installed electrolyzer capacities and domestic hydrogen production levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115200"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Worst first: Thermal retrofits, carbon prices, and inequality 最糟糕的是：热改造、碳价格和不平等

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115145

Sophie M. Behr , Merve Kucuk , Maximilian Longmuir , Karsten Neuhoff

The energy price crisis following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine exposed the heightened vulnerability of low-income households to rising heating costs, particularly those in energy-inefficient buildings. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), this study examines the distributional impact of heating costs across income deciles and evaluates the effectiveness of policy interventions. We find that low-income tenants are the most vulnerable segment of the population, with elevated risks of energy poverty. While tenant-landlord carbon cost-splitting can partially shield low-income households from carbon costs, they remain exposed to energy price risks. In contrast, a “Worst-First” retrofit strategy, prioritizing upgrades in the least efficient buildings, substantially reduces heating costs and mitigates energy poverty. Our findings highlight the need for targeted retrofit policies to ensure both equitable decarbonization and economic relief for vulnerable households.

俄罗斯入侵乌克兰之后的能源价格危机暴露出，低收入家庭更容易受到供暖成本上涨的影响，尤其是那些能效低下的建筑。本研究利用德国社会经济研究小组（SOEP）的数据，考察了供暖成本在收入十分位数之间的分配影响，并评估了政策干预的有效性。我们发现，低收入租户是人口中最脆弱的部分，能源贫困的风险较高。虽然租客-房东碳成本分摊可以部分保护低收入家庭免受碳成本的影响，但他们仍然面临能源价格风险。相比之下，“最差优先”的改造策略，优先升级效率最低的建筑，大大降低了供暖成本，缓解了能源贫困。我们的研究结果强调需要有针对性的改造政策，以确保公平的脱碳和对弱势家庭的经济救济。

引用次数: 0

Global renewable hydrogen certification: Frameworks, gaps, and policies 全球可再生氢认证：框架、差距和政策

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115212

Maham Hussain , Eoin Syron

Green hydrogen, produced through water electrolysis using renewable electricity, is increasingly recognised as a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions across the energy system. Its high energy density supports long-duration energy storage, while its chemical flexibility enables use as a low-carbon feedstock for ammonia, methanol, and other electro fuels. Green hydrogen is important for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as steel production, maritime transport, and other energy-intensive industries where direct electrification remains limited. However, its environmental credibility and market acceptance depend on certification systems that consistently and transparently quantify lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and related sustainability attributes.

This study examines hydrogen certification from a global perspective, focusing on technical design, regulatory approaches, and governance arrangements. A comparative analysis of existing certification schemes is conducted, with emphasis on system boundary definitions, emissions accounting methods, greenhouse gas threshold values, and monitoring, reporting, and verification requirements. Unlike studies limited to individual schemes or regions, this paper adopts a system-level approach linking technical certification rules with governance and implementation practices across regions.

The analysis identifies substantial variation among certification schemes, including differences in the scope of lifecycle assessment, handling of upstream electricity emissions, reliance on default versus project-specific emission factors, and inclusion of broader sustainability criteria. These differences reduce interoperability, increase uncertainty for project developers, and create barriers to cross-border hydrogen trade.

The paper identifies five policy priorities: shared technical baselines and emissions thresholds; interoperable digital traceability tools; alignment with international accounting standards; inclusive stakeholder participation; and progress toward mutual recognition between countries.

利用可再生电力通过水电解产生的绿色氢，越来越被认为是减少整个能源系统温室气体排放的一种手段。它的高能量密度支持长时间的能量储存，而它的化学灵活性使其成为氨、甲醇和其他电燃料的低碳原料。绿色氢对于钢铁生产、海运和其他直接电气化仍然有限的能源密集型行业等难以减排的行业的脱碳非常重要。然而，其环境信誉和市场接受程度取决于认证体系，该体系始终如一地、透明地量化生命周期温室气体排放和相关的可持续性属性。本研究从全球角度考察了氢认证，重点关注技术设计、监管方法和治理安排。对现有核证计划进行比较分析，重点是系统边界定义、排放核算方法、温室气体阈值，以及监测、报告和核查要求。与仅限于个别方案或地区的研究不同，本文采用了将技术认证规则与跨地区的治理和实施实践联系起来的系统级方法。该分析确定了认证方案之间的实质性差异，包括生命周期评估范围的差异、上游电力排放的处理、对默认排放因素与项目特定排放因素的依赖，以及更广泛的可持续性标准的纳入。这些差异降低了互操作性，增加了项目开发商的不确定性，并为跨境氢贸易创造了障碍。该文件确定了五个政策重点：共享技术基线和排放阈值；可互操作的数字追溯工具；与国际会计准则保持一致；利益相关者的包容性参与；以及国家间相互承认的进展。

{"title":"Global renewable hydrogen certification: Frameworks, gaps, and policies","authors":"Maham Hussain , Eoin Syron","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen, produced through water electrolysis using renewable electricity, is increasingly recognised as a means of reducing greenhouse gas emissions across the energy system. Its high energy density supports long-duration energy storage, while its chemical flexibility enables use as a low-carbon feedstock for ammonia, methanol, and other electro fuels. Green hydrogen is important for decarbonising hard-to-abate sectors such as steel production, maritime transport, and other energy-intensive industries where direct electrification remains limited. However, its environmental credibility and market acceptance depend on certification systems that consistently and transparently quantify lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions and related sustainability attributes.</div><div>This study examines hydrogen certification from a global perspective, focusing on technical design, regulatory approaches, and governance arrangements. A comparative analysis of existing certification schemes is conducted, with emphasis on system boundary definitions, emissions accounting methods, greenhouse gas threshold values, and monitoring, reporting, and verification requirements. Unlike studies limited to individual schemes or regions, this paper adopts a system-level approach linking technical certification rules with governance and implementation practices across regions.</div><div>The analysis identifies substantial variation among certification schemes, including differences in the scope of lifecycle assessment, handling of upstream electricity emissions, reliance on default versus project-specific emission factors, and inclusion of broader sustainability criteria. These differences reduce interoperability, increase uncertainty for project developers, and create barriers to cross-border hydrogen trade.</div><div>The paper identifies five policy priorities: shared technical baselines and emissions thresholds; interoperable digital traceability tools; alignment with international accounting standards; inclusive stakeholder participation; and progress toward mutual recognition between countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115212"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Financial incentives and intrinsic motives for residents’ participation in demand response programs 居民参与需求响应计划的经济激励与内在动机

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115201

Yu Wang , Gregory Howard , Wendong Zhang , Marilyn Brown , Kristen Cetin , James McCalley

Many utilities have provided financial incentives to encourage residential customers to enroll in direct load control (DLC) programs to harness demand response resources. However, financial incentives do not always result in a high participation rate. This study aims to assess residential customers' willingness to enroll in utility-run DLC programs and analyze how incentives affect participation intention. A survey employing the contingent valuation method collected 591 responses from a random sample of U.S. Midwest residents. We prompted a dichotomous choice question to some respondents on whether to enroll in a DLC program with payments ranging from $10-$200, while asking others’ participant intention without mentioning a financial incentive. Overall, 57.4% of residents were willing to enroll and the estimated willingness to accept DLC was $10-$42 per year. We found a U-shaped pattern between payment and willingness to participate, which suggests the intrinsic motivations for DLC participation can be crowded out by monetary incentives. Our analysis estimated the crowded-out intrinsic motivations valued at $30-$157 annually, varied by program type. Additionally, we found several factors affecting acceptance of DLC programs, including knowledge learning, concerns of comfort loss, and personal perception of demand response for energy savings, reliability, and environmental benefits. Findings from this study have significant policy implications and help improve the design of utility DLC programs.

许多公用事业公司提供财政激励措施，鼓励住宅用户加入直接负荷控制（DLC）计划，以利用需求响应资源。然而，财政激励并不总是导致高参与率。本研究旨在评估住宅用户参与公用事业运营的DLC计划的意愿，并分析激励因素对参与意愿的影响。一项采用条件估价法的调查从美国中西部居民随机抽样中收集了591份回复。我们向一些受访者提出了一个二分选择问题，询问他们是否愿意参加10美元至200美元不等的DLC计划，同时询问其他人的参与意愿，但没有提及经济激励。总体而言，57.4%的居民愿意参加，估计接受DLC的意愿为每年10- 42美元。我们发现付费和参与意愿之间呈u型模式，这表明DLC参与的内在动机可能会被金钱激励所取代。我们的分析估计，被挤出的内在动机每年价值30至157美元，因课程类型而异。此外，我们还发现了影响DLC项目接受度的几个因素，包括知识学习、对舒适损失的担忧，以及个人对节能、可靠性和环境效益的需求反应的看法。本研究的结果具有重要的政策意义，并有助于改善公用事业DLC计划的设计。

{"title":"Financial incentives and intrinsic motives for residents’ participation in demand response programs","authors":"Yu Wang , Gregory Howard , Wendong Zhang , Marilyn Brown , Kristen Cetin , James McCalley","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many utilities have provided financial incentives to encourage residential customers to enroll in direct load control (DLC) programs to harness demand response resources. However, financial incentives do not always result in a high participation rate. This study aims to assess residential customers' willingness to enroll in utility-run DLC programs and analyze how incentives affect participation intention. A survey employing the contingent valuation method collected 591 responses from a random sample of U.S. Midwest residents. We prompted a dichotomous choice question to some respondents on whether to enroll in a DLC program with payments ranging from $10-$200, while asking others’ participant intention without mentioning a financial incentive. Overall, 57.4% of residents were willing to enroll and the estimated willingness to accept DLC was $10-$42 per year. We found a U-shaped pattern between payment and willingness to participate, which suggests the intrinsic motivations for DLC participation can be crowded out by monetary incentives. Our analysis estimated the crowded-out intrinsic motivations valued at $30-$157 annually, varied by program type. Additionally, we found several factors affecting acceptance of DLC programs, including knowledge learning, concerns of comfort loss, and personal perception of demand response for energy savings, reliability, and environmental benefits. Findings from this study have significant policy implications and help improve the design of utility DLC programs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115201"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Contagion in global clean energy markets: Evidence from multilateral and unilateral policy episodes 全球清洁能源市场的传染：来自多边和单边政策事件的证据

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115217

Cody Yu-Ling Hsiao , Pengyang Li , Chin Man Chui , Xin Zheng

Addressing climate change and energy security increasingly relies on clean energy policies implemented through national and international frameworks; however, existing studies provide limited evidence on how policy-induced risks propagate across countries, differ between multilateral and unilateral policy regimes, and shape cross-market interconnectedness in global clean energy markets. This study examines the effects of major multilateral and unilateral clean energy policies implemented between 2015 and 2024 on stock returns in clean energy markets across 20 countries. Using multiple-dependence contagion tests combined with network analysis, we quantify the magnitude and direction of policy-driven risk transmission. The main findings are as follows: 1) multilateral policies generate significantly stronger contagion effects than unilateral interventions, with the US withdrawal from and subsequent re-entry into the Paris Agreement producing the largest global impact; 2) among unilateral policies, Japan's Basic Hydrogen Strategy and China's 14th Five-Year Plan are the most influential episodes in static network analysis, whereas dynamic analysis identifies Germany's Acceleration Package as the dominant source of time-varying spillovers; 3) policy-induced shocks exhibit spatial dependence, with transmission effects declining as geographical distance increases; and 4) European markets display the highest level of interconnectedness, followed by the Americas, while Asian markets exhibit relatively lower cross-border policy transmission. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and investors aiming to manage risks and highlight the importance of strengthening multilateral cooperation in the evolving global clean energy landscape.

应对气候变化和能源安全日益依赖于通过国家和国际框架实施的清洁能源政策；然而，关于政策引发的风险如何在各国之间传播、多边和单边政策制度之间的差异以及如何影响全球清洁能源市场的跨市场互联性，现有研究提供的证据有限。本研究考察了2015年至2024年间实施的主要多边和单边清洁能源政策对20个国家清洁能源市场股票回报的影响。利用多依赖传染测试结合网络分析，我们量化了政策驱动的风险传播的规模和方向。主要发现如下：1)多边政策的传染效应明显强于单边干预，其中美国退出《巴黎协定》并随后重新加入对全球影响最大；(2)在单边政策中，静态网络分析发现日本氢能基本战略和中国“十四五”规划是影响最大的事件，而动态网络分析发现德国的加速计划是时变溢出效应的主要来源；③政策冲击具有空间依赖性，随着地理距离的增加，传导效应逐渐减弱；4)欧洲市场互联互通程度最高，美洲次之，亚洲市场跨境政策传导相对较低。这些发现为旨在管理风险的政策制定者和投资者提供了有价值的见解，并强调了在不断变化的全球清洁能源格局中加强多边合作的重要性。

{"title":"Contagion in global clean energy markets: Evidence from multilateral and unilateral policy episodes","authors":"Cody Yu-Ling Hsiao , Pengyang Li , Chin Man Chui , Xin Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing climate change and energy security increasingly relies on clean energy policies implemented through national and international frameworks; however, existing studies provide limited evidence on how policy-induced risks propagate across countries, differ between multilateral and unilateral policy regimes, and shape cross-market interconnectedness in global clean energy markets. This study examines the effects of major multilateral and unilateral clean energy policies implemented between 2015 and 2024 on stock returns in clean energy markets across 20 countries. Using multiple-dependence contagion tests combined with network analysis, we quantify the magnitude and direction of policy-driven risk transmission. The main findings are as follows: 1) multilateral policies generate significantly stronger contagion effects than unilateral interventions, with the US withdrawal from and subsequent re-entry into the Paris Agreement producing the largest global impact; 2) among unilateral policies, Japan's Basic Hydrogen Strategy and China's 14th Five-Year Plan are the most influential episodes in static network analysis, whereas dynamic analysis identifies Germany's Acceleration Package as the dominant source of time-varying spillovers; 3) policy-induced shocks exhibit spatial dependence, with transmission effects declining as geographical distance increases; and 4) European markets display the highest level of interconnectedness, followed by the Americas, while Asian markets exhibit relatively lower cross-border policy transmission. These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and investors aiming to manage risks and highlight the importance of strengthening multilateral cooperation in the evolving global clean energy landscape.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115217"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The cost of inefficiency: A techno-economic assessment of gas flaring in Iraq 效率低下的代价：伊拉克天然气燃除的技术经济评估

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115215

Ahmed A. Maaroof , Joseph D. Smith , Mohammed H.S. Zangana

Routine gas flaring in Iraq represents a significant loss of energy resources and economic value while contributing to environmental degradation and power shortages. This study presents a national-scale techno-economic assessment of gas flaring in Iraq from 2012 to 2024 using satellite-derived data from the World Bank's Global Flaring and Methane Reduction (GFMR) database. Both estimated and potential recovery methods were applied to quantify thermal and electrical energy losses and their corresponding economic impacts. Flared gas volumes were converted to thermal power and potential electricity generation, expressed in megawatts (MW), while flaring rates were reported in million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD). Electrical output was evaluated assuming gas-fired power plant efficiencies of 40% and 60%. In addition to full recovery potential, partial gas utilization scenarios (20–80%) were considered to reflect realistic technical and infrastructure constraints, enabling both technical and economic analyses of recoverable energy and revenue. Results indicate that routine flaring corresponds to substantial electricity losses, with medium-sized flares (5–50 MMSCFD) contributing the largest share due to their widespread distribution. The estimated lost generation capacity ranges from approximately 8000 to 10,000 MW, sufficient to significantly mitigate Iraq's chronic electricity deficit. Economic losses were calculated based on flared gas volumes and Henry Hub natural gas prices. On average, these losses amount to USD 1–2 billion per year, with peak losses reaching nearly USD 3.3 billion. The findings highlight medium-scale flares as priority targets for scalable gas recovery and decentralized utilization strategies, demonstrating that even partial utilization can yield considerable energy and economic benefits.

在伊拉克，常规的天然气燃除是能源资源和经济价值的重大损失，同时造成环境恶化和电力短缺。本研究利用来自世界银行全球燃除和甲烷减少（GFMR）数据库的卫星数据，对2012年至2024年伊拉克天然气燃除进行了全国范围的技术经济评估。估算法和潜在采收率法均用于量化热能和电能损失及其相应的经济影响。燃烧后的天然气量转换为热能和潜在发电量，以兆瓦（MW）表示，而燃烧速率以百万标准立方英尺/天（MMSCFD）表示。假设燃气发电厂的效率分别为40%和60%，对电力输出进行了评估。除了完全开采潜力外，部分天然气利用情景（20-80%）也被认为反映了现实的技术和基础设施限制，从而能够对可采能源和收益进行技术和经济分析。结果表明，常规燃除会导致大量的电力损失，中型燃除（5-50 MMSCFD）由于分布广泛，造成的电力损失最大。估计损失的发电能力约为8000至10000兆瓦，足以显著缓解伊拉克长期的电力短缺。经济损失是根据燃烧天然气量和Henry Hub天然气价格计算的。这些损失平均每年达10 - 20亿美元，最高损失达到近33亿美元。研究结果强调，中等规模的火炬是可扩展的天然气回收和分散利用策略的优先目标，表明即使部分利用也可以产生可观的能源和经济效益。

{"title":"The cost of inefficiency: A techno-economic assessment of gas flaring in Iraq","authors":"Ahmed A. Maaroof , Joseph D. Smith , Mohammed H.S. Zangana","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Routine gas flaring in Iraq represents a significant loss of energy resources and economic value while contributing to environmental degradation and power shortages. This study presents a national-scale techno-economic assessment of gas flaring in Iraq from 2012 to 2024 using satellite-derived data from the World Bank's Global Flaring and Methane Reduction (GFMR) database. Both estimated and potential recovery methods were applied to quantify thermal and electrical energy losses and their corresponding economic impacts. Flared gas volumes were converted to thermal power and potential electricity generation, expressed in megawatts (MW), while flaring rates were reported in million standard cubic feet per day (MMSCFD). Electrical output was evaluated assuming gas-fired power plant efficiencies of 40% and 60%. In addition to full recovery potential, partial gas utilization scenarios (20–80%) were considered to reflect realistic technical and infrastructure constraints, enabling both technical and economic analyses of recoverable energy and revenue. Results indicate that routine flaring corresponds to substantial electricity losses, with medium-sized flares (5–50 MMSCFD) contributing the largest share due to their widespread distribution. The estimated lost generation capacity ranges from approximately 8000 to 10,000 MW, sufficient to significantly mitigate Iraq's chronic electricity deficit. Economic losses were calculated based on flared gas volumes and Henry Hub natural gas prices. On average, these losses amount to USD 1–2 billion per year, with peak losses reaching nearly USD 3.3 billion. The findings highlight medium-scale flares as priority targets for scalable gas recovery and decentralized utilization strategies, demonstrating that even partial utilization can yield considerable energy and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115215"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147387291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Good students, mimics and laggards: Policy lessons for closing electricity access gaps in Africa 好学生、模仿者和落后者：缩小非洲电力供应差距的政策教训

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115196

Carlos Guadarrama , Yaya Liu

This paper examines why extensive adoption of off-grid and mini-grid “best practice” policies has not translated into improved electricity access outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Building on the Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE), we combine a cross-sectional analysis of rural electrification rates with a nested analysis of four contrasting country cases—Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, and South Sudan. We find that higher RISE off-grid and mini-grid scores are not associated with better rural electrification outcomes, and that countries with near-complete policy adoption can exhibit low access rates. The case studies show that local capabilities, a small number of cross-cutting policies, financing availability, and appropriate policy sequencing matter more than policy quantity. These findings highlight the limits of best-practice benchmarking in low-capacity contexts and suggest that RISE is most useful as a diagnostic policy database rather than a performance metric. The results have implications for policymakers and development partners seeking to accelerate progress toward SDG7.

本文探讨了为什么在撒哈拉以南非洲，广泛采用离网和微型电网“最佳实践”政策并没有转化为改善电力供应的结果。在可持续能源监管指标（RISE）的基础上，我们将农村电气化率的横断面分析与肯尼亚、刚果民主共和国、尼日利亚和南苏丹四个对比性国家的嵌套分析相结合。我们发现，更高的RISE离网和微网得分与更好的农村电气化结果无关，并且几乎完全采用政策的国家可能表现出较低的接入率。案例研究表明，地方能力、少量交叉政策、融资可用性和适当的政策顺序比政策数量更重要。这些发现突出了最佳实践基准测试在低容量环境中的局限性，并表明RISE作为诊断策略数据库而不是性能指标最有用。研究结果对寻求加速实现可持续发展七国集团的政策制定者和发展伙伴具有重要意义。

{"title":"Good students, mimics and laggards: Policy lessons for closing electricity access gaps in Africa","authors":"Carlos Guadarrama , Yaya Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines why extensive adoption of off-grid and mini-grid “best practice” policies has not translated into improved electricity access outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Building on the Regulatory Indicators for Sustainable Energy (RISE), we combine a cross-sectional analysis of rural electrification rates with a nested analysis of four contrasting country cases—Kenya, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, and South Sudan. We find that higher RISE off-grid and mini-grid scores are not associated with better rural electrification outcomes, and that countries with near-complete policy adoption can exhibit low access rates. The case studies show that local capabilities, a small number of cross-cutting policies, financing availability, and appropriate policy sequencing matter more than policy quantity. These findings highlight the limits of best-practice benchmarking in low-capacity contexts and suggest that RISE is most useful as a diagnostic policy database rather than a performance metric. The results have implications for policymakers and development partners seeking to accelerate progress toward SDG7.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115196"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Support mechanisms for low-carbon hydrogen: The risks of segmenting a commodity market” [Energy Policy 202 art 114605 DOI 10.1016/j.enpol.2025.114605] “低碳氢支持机制：分割商品市场的风险”的勘误表[能源政策202 art 114605 DOI 10.1016/ j.p enpol.2025.114605]

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115150

Paolo Mastropietro, Pablo Rodilla

引用次数: 0

Energy policy strategies for cleaner production: The roles of renewable energy and green innovation 清洁生产的能源政策战略：可再生能源和绿色创新的作用

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115214

Yugang He

Cleaner production is central to reconciling economic growth with climate goals, yet its drivers operate unevenly across space. This study examines the determinants of provincial carbon emissions using an annual panel of Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2023, with explicit attention to structural, technological, and institutional heterogeneity. The analysis evaluates the roles of renewable energy deployment and green innovation, while systematically accounting for GDP per capita, industrial structure, urbanization, foreign direct investment, and environmental regulation. Across a suite of complementary estimators that address cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, higher renewable energy shares and stronger innovation capacity are consistently associated with lower CO₂ emissions. These mitigation effects are economically meaningful and robust, whereas economic growth remains emissions-increasing. By contrast, industrial upgrading and stringent environmental regulation are linked to significant emission reductions, urbanization exhibits a modest positive association, and the effect of foreign direct investment is weak and context dependent. Distribution-sensitive estimates further reveal pronounced asymmetries: the emissions-reducing impacts of renewable energy and innovation intensify markedly in high-emission provinces, highlighting the limits of uniform policy prescriptions. Machine-learning validation confirms the dominant importance of renewable energy and innovation among competing drivers and supports the stability of the empirical patterns. Taken together, the findings underscore the value of regionally differentiated strategies that integrate clean energy expansion, innovation incentives, and enforceable regulation. Such an approach directly advances SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), while reinforcing SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through cleaner and more resilient production systems.

清洁生产是协调经济增长与气候目标的核心，但其驱动因素在不同地区的运作并不均衡。本研究利用2000年至2023年中国各省的年度面板分析了各省碳排放的决定因素，并明确关注结构、技术和制度异质性。该分析评估了可再生能源部署和绿色创新的作用，同时系统地考虑了人均GDP、产业结构、城市化、外国直接投资和环境监管。在一套解决横截面依赖性和斜率异质性的互补估计中，更高的可再生能源份额和更强的创新能力始终与更低的二氧化碳排放相关。这些减缓效应在经济上是有意义和强劲的，而经济增长仍然是在增加排放。相比之下，产业升级和严格的环境监管与显著的减排相关，城市化表现出适度的正相关，外国直接投资的影响较弱且依赖于环境。分布敏感估计进一步揭示了明显的不对称性：可再生能源和创新的减排影响在高排放省份显著增强，突出了统一政策处方的局限性。机器学习验证证实了可再生能源和创新在竞争驱动因素中的主导重要性，并支持了经验模式的稳定性。总而言之，研究结果强调了区域差异化战略的价值，该战略将清洁能源扩张、创新激励和可执行的监管结合起来。这种方法直接推进了可持续发展目标7（负担得起的清洁能源）和可持续发展目标13（气候行动），同时通过更清洁和更具弹性的生产系统加强了可持续发展目标9（工业、创新和基础设施）和可持续发展目标12（负责任的消费和生产）。

{"title":"Energy policy strategies for cleaner production: The roles of renewable energy and green innovation","authors":"Yugang He","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cleaner production is central to reconciling economic growth with climate goals, yet its drivers operate unevenly across space. This study examines the determinants of provincial carbon emissions using an annual panel of Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2023, with explicit attention to structural, technological, and institutional heterogeneity. The analysis evaluates the roles of renewable energy deployment and green innovation, while systematically accounting for GDP per capita, industrial structure, urbanization, foreign direct investment, and environmental regulation. Across a suite of complementary estimators that address cross-sectional dependence and slope heterogeneity, higher renewable energy shares and stronger innovation capacity are consistently associated with lower CO<sub>2</sub> emissions. These mitigation effects are economically meaningful and robust, whereas economic growth remains emissions-increasing. By contrast, industrial upgrading and stringent environmental regulation are linked to significant emission reductions, urbanization exhibits a modest positive association, and the effect of foreign direct investment is weak and context dependent. Distribution-sensitive estimates further reveal pronounced asymmetries: the emissions-reducing impacts of renewable energy and innovation intensify markedly in high-emission provinces, highlighting the limits of uniform policy prescriptions. Machine-learning validation confirms the dominant importance of renewable energy and innovation among competing drivers and supports the stability of the empirical patterns. Taken together, the findings underscore the value of regionally differentiated strategies that integrate clean energy expansion, innovation incentives, and enforceable regulation. Such an approach directly advances SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 13 (Climate Action), while reinforcing SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) and SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) through cleaner and more resilient production systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115214"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What determines the uptake of solar PV? – A survey of early, potential and unlikely adopters of residential PV systems and participants of community PV projects 是什么决定了太阳能光伏的吸收？-对住宅光伏系统的早期、潜在和不太可能的采用者以及社区光伏项目参与者进行调查

IF 9.2 2区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

Energy Policy

Pub Date : 2026-06-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115193

Mert Duygan , Maria Anna Hecher , Claudia R. Binder

To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, deployment of solar PV needs to be increased significantly. There is abundant literature on the adoption of solar PV. However, most of the prior work focused on adopters or their comparison with non-adopters. In contrast, there is relatively very little research explicitly on potential adopters and unlikely adopters. Hence, through a large-N survey with Swiss households (N = 4′909), we investigated what factors characterise unlikely, potential and early adopters and participants of solar PV and PV projects, respectively. We analysed the intention and adoption of residential solar PV and the participation in PV projects and compared the determinants of both alternatives. Our findings reveal that psychosocial characteristics and pro-solar policy beliefs as well as contextual factors are important for developing both an intention to adopt and to participate. The results also show that non-adopters and non-participants do not represent a uniform group. For potential adopters, the perceived characteristics of PV, exchanges about PV within personal network and housing infrastructure stand out as important factors that could hinder or drive the progress towards adoption. By providing a finer-grained insight into potential adopters and unlikely adopters/participants, our study enables targeting of different adopter categories more effectively.

为了在2050年前实现净零排放，需要大幅增加太阳能光伏的部署。关于采用太阳能光伏的文献很多。然而，大多数先前的工作都集中在采用者或他们与非采用者的比较上。相比之下，关于潜在采用者和不太可能采用者的明确研究相对很少。因此，通过对瑞士家庭（N = 4 ' 909）的大N调查，我们分别调查了不太可能、潜在和早期采用者以及太阳能光伏和光伏项目参与者的特征。我们分析了住宅太阳能光伏的意图和采用以及光伏项目的参与，并比较了这两种选择的决定因素。我们的研究结果表明，社会心理特征和支持太阳能的政策信念以及环境因素对于发展采用和参与的意图都很重要。研究结果还表明，非采用者和非参与者并不代表一个统一的群体。对于潜在的采用者来说，光伏的感知特征、个人网络和住房基础设施中关于光伏的交流是阻碍或推动采用光伏的重要因素。通过提供对潜在采用者和不太可能的采用者/参与者的细粒度洞察，我们的研究能够更有效地针对不同的采用者类别。

{"title":"What determines the uptake of solar PV? – A survey of early, potential and unlikely adopters of residential PV systems and participants of community PV projects","authors":"Mert Duygan , Maria Anna Hecher , Claudia R. Binder","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2026.115193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, deployment of solar PV needs to be increased significantly. There is abundant literature on the adoption of solar PV. However, most of the prior work focused on adopters or their comparison with non-adopters. In contrast, there is relatively very little research explicitly on potential adopters and unlikely adopters. Hence, through a large-N survey with Swiss households (N = 4′909), we investigated what factors characterise unlikely, potential and early adopters and participants of solar PV and PV projects, respectively. We analysed the intention and adoption of residential solar PV and the participation in PV projects and compared the determinants of both alternatives. Our findings reveal that psychosocial characteristics and pro-solar policy beliefs as well as contextual factors are important for developing both an intention to adopt and to participate. The results also show that non-adopters and non-participants do not represent a uniform group. For potential adopters, the perceived characteristics of PV, exchanges about PV within personal network and housing infrastructure stand out as important factors that could hinder or drive the progress towards adoption. By providing a finer-grained insight into potential adopters and unlikely adopters/participants, our study enables targeting of different adopter categories more effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115193"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147386910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0