Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114370
Non-monetary incentives are increasingly being studied in encouraging energy conservation. In light of this, we conducted a natural field experiment in student dormitories to assess the effect of social recognition and goal setting on electricity saving and the intrinsic motivation to save energy. Using a difference-in-difference model, we found that goal setting reduced the dormitories’ electricity consumption by 15.93% on average compared to the control group. However, social recognition was not effective on average. In addition, the study found that both social recognition and goal setting, on average, did not crowd out or crowd in the intrinsic motivation to save electricity in dormitories. The heterogeneity analysis showed that dormitory characteristics affect the crowding effect on the intrinsic motivation.
{"title":"Social recognition, goal setting, and energy conservation: Evidence from a field experiment in student dormitories","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-monetary incentives are increasingly being studied in encouraging energy conservation. In light of this, we conducted a natural field experiment in student dormitories to assess the effect of social recognition and goal setting on electricity saving and the intrinsic motivation to save energy. Using a difference-in-difference model, we found that goal setting reduced the dormitories’ electricity consumption by 15.93% on average compared to the control group. However, social recognition was not effective on average. In addition, the study found that both social recognition and goal setting, on average, did not crowd out or crowd in the intrinsic motivation to save electricity in dormitories. The heterogeneity analysis showed that dormitory characteristics affect the crowding effect on the intrinsic motivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114375
{"title":"Evaluating the accessibility of on-street household electric vehicle charging stations in London: Policy insights from equity analysis across emission zones","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114375","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114371
European hydrogen demand is projected to surge in the upcoming decade, leading to a potential risk of excessive dependence on imports, which may exceed 50% by 2035. This paper compares two strategies to tackle this hydrogen import disruption vulnerability. The first option is to invest in Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) for strategic stockpiling. The second option is to increase electrolysis capacity to inflate local production potential. We identify the most effective investment strategies for Central Western Europe (CWE) in 2035 by implementing a Multistage Stochastic Dynamic Programming (MSDP) model. Results show electrolysis outperforms UHS in preventing import disruption risks, although the two technologies are complementary. Notably, electrolysis represents 95% of the strategic investment budget. The overall cost of the optimal strategic investment amounts to 5–10% of the total investment in hydrogen infrastructure.
{"title":"Strategic investments: Electrolysis vs. storage for Europe’s energy security in the hydrogen era","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>European hydrogen demand is projected to surge in the upcoming decade, leading to a potential risk of excessive dependence on imports, which may exceed 50% by 2035. This paper compares two strategies to tackle this hydrogen import disruption vulnerability. The first option is to invest in Underground Hydrogen Storage (UHS) for strategic stockpiling. The second option is to increase electrolysis capacity to inflate local production potential. We identify the most effective investment strategies for Central Western Europe (CWE) in 2035 by implementing a Multistage Stochastic Dynamic Programming (MSDP) model. Results show electrolysis outperforms UHS in preventing import disruption risks, although the two technologies are complementary. Notably, electrolysis represents 95% of the strategic investment budget. The overall cost of the optimal strategic investment amounts to 5–10% of the total investment in hydrogen infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-07DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114366
International attention toward energy transition has seen significant growth recently. Each region has focused on some of its aspects according to its own context. Our work focuses on African countries and analyses their energy transition. Our study adds to the literature on energy transition studies by understanding the energy landscape of African countries and identifying similarities and differences between them using a cluster analysis based on a multivariate Euclidean distance measure. Thanks to this measure, we highlighted four clusters. We discuss how these clusters are explained by similar economic, political and cultural factors. The cluster that uses the most RE (Green-Cluster) has low political stability and high foreign direct investment, suggesting that RE can be an opportunity to attract investors and enhance green economic development. Countries of cluster that show high FF consumption (Brown-cluster), have high CO2 emissions but better economic and social situations. Lastly, we proposed diverse policy implications for the different clusters, offering a range of indications aimed at advancing specific Sustainable Development Goals. It is necessary to focus on developing strategies to leverage RE and enhance governance for countries of Green-Cluster. For Brown-cluster, they should accelerate the transition to cleaner energy sources to combat climate change.
{"title":"Analysing the energy landscape in Africa using cluster analysis: Drivers of renewable energy development","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>International attention toward energy transition has seen significant growth recently. Each region has focused on some of its aspects according to its own context. Our work focuses on African countries and analyses their energy transition. Our study adds to the literature on energy transition studies by understanding the energy landscape of African countries and identifying similarities and differences between them using a cluster analysis based on a multivariate Euclidean distance measure. Thanks to this measure, we highlighted four clusters. We discuss how these clusters are explained by similar economic, political and cultural factors. The cluster that uses the most RE (Green-Cluster) has low political stability and high foreign direct investment, suggesting that RE can be an opportunity to attract investors and enhance green economic development. Countries of cluster that show high FF consumption (Brown-cluster), have high CO2 emissions but better economic and social situations. Lastly, we proposed diverse policy implications for the different clusters, offering a range of indications aimed at advancing specific Sustainable Development Goals. It is necessary to focus on developing strategies to leverage RE and enhance governance for countries of Green-Cluster. For Brown-cluster, they should accelerate the transition to cleaner energy sources to combat climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114365
Reliability will remain a key requirement for decarbonized power sectors, but also a concern with the high penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE). The traditional approach for reliability is by producing enough energy and adapting rapidly to changes in load with the dispatch of fossil fuel power plants, especially natural gas power plants. However, this will have to evolve as decarbonization progresses. Can various flexibility resources such as transmission, storage and demand response provide the same reliability benefits? This paper uses a detailed, capacity expansion and hourly operation model to investigate the possibility and the cost of reaching different levels of planning reserve margins (PRM), in the multi-regional context of the North American Northeast. We find that while it is possible to entirely avoid natural gas power plants or nuclear ones to obtain high PRM, it would come at a very high cost and would require high levels of transmission, storage and demand response. We also detail why these three flexibility resources are needed in combination. The implications for energy policies are significant: in order for power system's cost to remain reasonable, reliability must count on some carbon-neutral natural gas or nuclear generation, along with interties with neighboring systems, storage and high levels of demand response.
{"title":"Maintaining reliability in a 100% decarbonized power sector: The interrelated role of flexible resources","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114365","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114365","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliability will remain a key requirement for decarbonized power sectors, but also a concern with the high penetration of variable renewable energy (VRE). The traditional approach for reliability is by producing enough energy and adapting rapidly to changes in load with the dispatch of fossil fuel power plants, especially natural gas power plants. However, this will have to evolve as decarbonization progresses. Can various flexibility resources such as transmission, storage and demand response provide the same reliability benefits? This paper uses a detailed, capacity expansion and hourly operation model to investigate the possibility and the cost of reaching different levels of planning reserve margins (PRM), in the multi-regional context of the North American Northeast. We find that while it is possible to entirely avoid natural gas power plants or nuclear ones to obtain high PRM, it would come at a very high cost and would require high levels of transmission, storage and demand response. We also detail why these three flexibility resources are needed in combination. The implications for energy policies are significant: in order for power system's cost to remain reasonable, reliability must count on some carbon-neutral natural gas or nuclear generation, along with interties with neighboring systems, storage and high levels of demand response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114368
Green technologies such as solar photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles play a fundamental role in the global decarbonization effort. To enable their diffusion, electricity distribution networks need to be upgraded, which is a complex and expensive endeavor. However, utilities face budgetary constraints and seek to reduce planning uncertainty. Here, we utilize 7,527 real-world grid topologies and land cover data to develop a model for estimating conductor and capital investment needs for electrifying a specific area. Our work yields three main contributions: First, we demonstrate the important role of land cover data in power line planning. We show that, for medium and large networks, distinct methodologies are needed due to the significant impact of land cover, particularly buildings and roads. Second, we introduce a parsimonious model of power line length and identify the number of consumption points as the primary determinant of network investment costs. Third, we present a cost assessment model tailored for regulators and investors, offering valuable insights for network planning, policymaking, due diligence, and research. Our work highlights the importance of combining land cover data and operations research algorithms in distribution network planning and provides policymakers with a tool to ensure cost-efficient network expansion.
{"title":"Estimating electrical distribution network length and capital investment needs from real-world topologies and land cover data","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green technologies such as solar photovoltaic systems and electric vehicles play a fundamental role in the global decarbonization effort. To enable their diffusion, electricity distribution networks need to be upgraded, which is a complex and expensive endeavor. However, utilities face budgetary constraints and seek to reduce planning uncertainty. Here, we utilize 7,527 real-world grid topologies and land cover data to develop a model for estimating conductor and capital investment needs for electrifying a specific area. Our work yields three main contributions: First, we demonstrate the important role of land cover data in power line planning. We show that, for medium and large networks, distinct methodologies are needed due to the significant impact of land cover, particularly buildings and roads. Second, we introduce a parsimonious model of power line length and identify the number of consumption points as the primary determinant of network investment costs. Third, we present a cost assessment model tailored for regulators and investors, offering valuable insights for network planning, policymaking, due diligence, and research. Our work highlights the importance of combining land cover data and operations research algorithms in distribution network planning and provides policymakers with a tool to ensure cost-efficient network expansion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114363
This article examines the influence of the size of renewable energy projects on their social acceptability. To do so, it focuses on biomethane in France. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews and press analysis, we reveal that the perception of project size varies considerably according to territorial context and associated emotional impacts. The results show that even large projects can be socially acceptable if they are properly integrated with their objectives aligned with local expectations. The study highlights the tension between ambitions for large-scale biomethane development and local preferences for human-scale initiatives. The article proposes strategies for improving the social acceptability of biomethane projects, taking account of local specificities and promoting in-depth consultation with communities.
{"title":"Does size matter? The effects of biomethane project size on social acceptability","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines the influence of the size of renewable energy projects on their social acceptability. To do so, it focuses on biomethane in France. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews and press analysis, we reveal that the perception of project size varies considerably according to territorial context and associated emotional impacts. The results show that even large projects can be socially acceptable if they are properly integrated with their objectives aligned with local expectations. The study highlights the tension between ambitions for large-scale biomethane development and local preferences for human-scale initiatives. The article proposes strategies for improving the social acceptability of biomethane projects, taking account of local specificities and promoting in-depth consultation with communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114364
Among the 17 sustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 are ensuring “availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation” and “access to modern energy sources”. One problem for Mahorais households is access to safe, clean and affordable essential utility services, such as electricity, water and sewerage. Moreover, Mayotte, a French oversea department, is experiencing an unprecedented drought. The island, which is sinking into a severe water crisis, has been depriving its inhabitants of running water two days out of three since the beginning of September 2023. We define a new concept of utility services poverty (basic utility services deprivation) based on the theoretical capabilities framework of Sen and Nussbaum. Using a latent class model, we identify households that are poor in utility services and characterize four household profiles. One main advantage of this methodology is replicability in many Low and Middle Income Countries’ (LMICs). We demonstrate that access to water is more discriminatory than access to electricity in Mayotte. The top priority in fighting utility services poverty should be access to water and sanitary facilities. Public policies should be implemented not according to income but to facilitate water and energy access and improve basic hygiene conditions notably through social housing.
{"title":"Water and energy deprivation: Addressing the problem of essential utility services poverty in Mayotte","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Among the 17 sustainable development goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 are ensuring “availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation” and “access to modern energy sources”. One problem for Mahorais households is access to safe, clean and affordable essential utility services, such as electricity, water and sewerage. Moreover, Mayotte, a French oversea department, is experiencing an unprecedented drought. The island, which is sinking into a severe water crisis, has been depriving its inhabitants of running water two days out of three since the beginning of September 2023. We define a new concept of utility services poverty (basic utility services deprivation) based on the theoretical capabilities framework of Sen and Nussbaum. Using a latent class model, we identify households that are poor in utility services and characterize four household profiles. One main advantage of this methodology is replicability in many Low and Middle Income Countries’ (LMICs). We demonstrate that access to water is more discriminatory than access to electricity in Mayotte. The top priority in fighting utility services poverty should be access to water and sanitary facilities. Public policies should be implemented not according to income but to facilitate water and energy access and improve basic hygiene conditions notably through social housing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142421096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114358
Decarbonization involves a large-scale expansion of low-carbon generators such as wind and solar and the electrification of heating and transport. Both space heating and battery-electric cars have significant embedded flexibility potential. Granular price signals that convey abundance or scarcity of electricity are a precondition for customers or aggregators acting on their behalf to exploit this flexibility. However, unmitigated real-time prices expose customers to electricity price risks. To tackle the dual need of providing flexibility incentives while protecting customers from cost shocks, real-time tariffs with a hedging component can be a solution. In such contracts customers pre-agree an amount of energy and a consumption profile, while hourly deviations are charged at spot prices. In this paper we analyze design options by using a dataset of anonymized smart meter data and show that profile tariffs can bring electricity bill volatility to similarly low levels as fixed tariffs while providing full flexibility incentives from spot prices.
{"title":"Profile contracts for electricity retail customers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Decarbonization involves a large-scale expansion of low-carbon generators such as wind and solar and the electrification of heating and transport. Both space heating and battery-electric cars have significant embedded flexibility potential. Granular price signals that convey abundance or scarcity of electricity are a precondition for customers or aggregators acting on their behalf to exploit this flexibility. However, unmitigated real-time prices expose customers to electricity price risks. To tackle the dual need of providing flexibility incentives while protecting customers from cost shocks, real-time tariffs with a hedging component can be a solution. In such contracts customers pre-agree an amount of energy and a consumption profile, while hourly deviations are charged at spot prices. In this paper we analyze design options by using a dataset of anonymized smart meter data and show that profile tariffs can bring electricity bill volatility to similarly low levels as fixed tariffs while providing full flexibility incentives from spot prices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142358043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114361
The rise in motorcycle use in Southeast Asian countries like Indonesia has caused environmental issues and transitioning from fossil-fuel to electric motorcycles (EM) will reduce emissions and improve air quality. This study aims to investigate the barriers, determinants, and willingness-to-pay in electric motorcycle conversion (EMC). In a choice experiment, data from motorcycle users in Bali, Indonesia, was collected and analysed in this study using K-modes cluster analysis and the Mixed-Logit Model. The study identified different barriers to EMC among motorcyclist groups: mix-motor commuters and hardcore oldies concerned with financial challenges, all-day riders with mature motorcycles face a lack of information on EMC costs and procedures, and higher-power enthusiasts and newbies with light motorcycles concerned with daily travel disruptions during the conversion process. This study also found waiting and conversion time to play a role in EM adoption and travellers who use older motorcycles are the most likely to adopt EMC. Lower-income individuals tend to be more inclined towards EMC and younger demographics lean towards internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles. Moreover, the study indicates that EMC reduces the adoption of ICE motorcycles more than conventional EM. A 50% increase in conversion time lowers EMC adoption probability by 5.2%pts. and increases new ICE motorcycle adoption by 3%pts. and new EM adoption by 2.2%pts. Additionally, motorcyclists are more willing to invest in EMC if it means reducing conversion time/charging costs, particularly for older motorcycles. This study offers several policy recommendations for accelerating EMC adoption in Indonesia.
{"title":"The barriers, determinants, and willingness-to-pay in electric motorcycle conversion (EMC) adoption","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enpol.2024.114361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rise in motorcycle use in Southeast Asian countries like Indonesia has caused environmental issues and transitioning from fossil-fuel to electric motorcycles (EM) will reduce emissions and improve air quality. This study aims to investigate the barriers, determinants, and willingness-to-pay in electric motorcycle conversion (EMC). In a choice experiment, data from motorcycle users in Bali, Indonesia, was collected and analysed in this study using K-modes cluster analysis and the Mixed-Logit Model. The study identified different barriers to EMC among motorcyclist groups: mix-motor commuters and hardcore oldies concerned with financial challenges, all-day riders with mature motorcycles face a lack of information on EMC costs and procedures, and higher-power enthusiasts and newbies with light motorcycles concerned with daily travel disruptions during the conversion process. This study also found waiting and conversion time to play a role in EM adoption and travellers who use older motorcycles are the most likely to adopt EMC. Lower-income individuals tend to be more inclined towards EMC and younger demographics lean towards internal combustion engine (ICE) motorcycles. Moreover, the study indicates that EMC reduces the adoption of ICE motorcycles more than conventional EM. A 50% increase in conversion time lowers EMC adoption probability by 5.2%pts. and increases new ICE motorcycle adoption by 3%pts. and new EM adoption by 2.2%pts. Additionally, motorcyclists are more willing to invest in EMC if it means reducing conversion time/charging costs, particularly for older motorcycles. This study offers several policy recommendations for accelerating EMC adoption in Indonesia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11672,"journal":{"name":"Energy Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142328137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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