Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2381
Kouassi A.J. Konan, Coline C. Jaworski, Roger Boll, Axelle Desneux, San-Whouly M. Ouali-N’Goran, Thibaud Martin, Benjamin Gard, Roselyne Souriau, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Nicolas Desneux
Effective management of tomato pests such as Bemisia tabaci and Tuta absoluta requires the integration of more sustainable control methods. Applying integrated pest management (IPM) approaches using combinations of biocontrol agents with agronomic practices such as the modulation of fertilisation offers opportunities toward more efficient pest control, all the more so since the underlying bottom-up and top-down regulations are interdependent. We investigated the relative influence of the bottom-up effects of reduced fertilisation (by 47%) and the use of the mirid predators Dyciphus errans or Macrolophus pygmaeus in combination with Nesidiocoris tenuis on the control of B. tabaci and T. absoluta. Densities of B. tabaci and T. absoluta population decreased more rapidly when fertilisation was reduced. The presence of D. errans caused reduction in N. tenuis densities and in the number of necrotic rings caused by N. tenuis. The negative effects of bottom-up forces triggered by reduced fertilisation on B. tabaci, T. absoluta and N. tenuis populations and damage were greater in the presence of D. errans. Our study shows that interactions between predators and fertilisation management are important in agro-ecosystems and should be considered in the development of sustainable IPM strategies.
要想有效防治番茄害虫（如烟粉虱和 Tuta absoluta），就必须采用更具可持续性的防治方法。将生物控制剂与农艺措施（如调节施肥量）相结合的害虫综合治理（IPM）方法为更有效地控制害虫提供了机会，由于自下而上和自上而下的基本规则是相互依存的，因此就更有必要了。我们研究了减少施肥量（47%）以及将蚜虫天敌 Dyciphus errans 或 Macrolophus pygmaeus 与 Nesidiocoris tenuis 结合使用，这两种自下而上的方法对防治烟草小蜂（B. tabaci）和绝对小蜂（T. absoluta）的相对影响。当受精率降低时，烟草小蜂和绝对小蜂的数量减少得更快。D. errans 的存在降低了 N. tenuis 的密度，也减少了 N. tenuis 造成的坏死环数量。在 D. errans 的存在下，施肥量减少引发的自下而上的力量对 B.tabaci、T. absoluta 和 N. tenuis 的数量和危害的负面影响更大。我们的研究表明，天敌与施肥管理之间的相互作用在农业生态系统中非常重要，在制定可持续的虫害综合防治战略时应加以考虑。
{"title":"Benefits of intraguild interactions between zoophytophagous predators and of bottom-up effects of fertilisation for sustainable management of tomato pests","authors":"Kouassi A.J. Konan, Coline C. Jaworski, Roger Boll, Axelle Desneux, San-Whouly M. Ouali-N’Goran, Thibaud Martin, Benjamin Gard, Roselyne Souriau, Anne-Violette Lavoir, Nicolas Desneux","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2381","url":null,"abstract":"Effective management of tomato pests such as Bemisia tabaci and Tuta absoluta requires the integration of more sustainable control methods. Applying integrated pest management (IPM) approaches using combinations of biocontrol agents with agronomic practices such as the modulation of fertilisation offers opportunities toward more efficient pest control, all the more so since the underlying bottom-up and top-down regulations are interdependent. We investigated the relative influence of the bottom-up effects of reduced fertilisation (by 47%) and the use of the mirid predators Dyciphus errans or Macrolophus pygmaeus in combination with Nesidiocoris tenuis on the control of B. tabaci and T. absoluta. Densities of B. tabaci and T. absoluta population decreased more rapidly when fertilisation was reduced. The presence of D. errans caused reduction in N. tenuis densities and in the number of necrotic rings caused by N. tenuis. The negative effects of bottom-up forces triggered by reduced fertilisation on B. tabaci, T. absoluta and N. tenuis populations and damage were greater in the presence of D. errans. Our study shows that interactions between predators and fertilisation management are important in agro-ecosystems and should be considered in the development of sustainable IPM strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuta absoluta, an economically important pest threatening the global production of tomato crops worldwide, has recently invaded China. Owing to insecticide resistance, alternative control options are needed within the context of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Augmentative biological control using indigenous natural enemies is a promising tactic for managing T. absoluta in newly invaded areas. In this study, the host suitability of four commercialized Trichogramma parasitoids in China (T. dendrolimi, T. japonicum, T. chilonis, and T. ostriniae) on T. absoluta eggs was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The control effectiveness of the most promising Trichogramma species was further tested at different release densities and frequencies in a greenhouse experiment. We found that T. chilonis was the most promising species parasitizing T. absoluta eggs, showing the highest parasitism rate, emergence rate, and female offspring sex ratio. The greenhouse experiment indicated that 600,000 parasitoids/hectare (20 parasitoids/plant) was the most effective release density, reaching 76% control effectiveness. Release frequency significantly affected the parasitism rate in the greenhouse. Two releases of 300,000 parasitoids/hectare on Day 1 and Day 4 was the most effective strategy, compared to one release of 600,000 parasitoids/hectare on Day 1. Our findings showed that augmentative biological control of T. absoluta by native Trichogramma parasitoids T. chilonis in China is feasible, and it could be included as part of IPM package against T. absoluta in China.
Tuta absoluta 是一种威胁全球番茄作物生产的重要经济害虫，最近已入侵中国。由于杀虫剂的抗药性，需要在害虫综合治理（IPM）计划中采用替代控制方案。在新入侵地区，利用本地天敌进行生物防治是一种很有前景的防治方法。本研究在实验室条件下评估了中国四种商品化的毛翅目寄生虫（T. dendrolimi、T. japonicum、T. chilonis 和 T. ostriniae）对 T. absoluta 卵的寄主适宜性。在温室实验中，我们还进一步测试了最有希望的蝽种在不同释放密度和频率下的防治效果。我们发现，T. chilonis是最有希望寄生于T. absoluta卵的种类，其寄生率、出虫率和雌性后代性别比均最高。温室实验表明，60 万只寄生蜂/公顷（20 只寄生蜂/植株）是最有效的释放密度，防治效果达到 76%。释放频率对温室中的寄生率影响很大。在第 1 天和第 4 天释放两次每公顷 30 万只寄生虫是最有效的策略，而在第 1 天释放一次每公顷 60 万只寄生虫则是最无效的策略。我们的研究结果表明，在中国用本地的Trichogramma寄生虫T. Chilonis来加强对T. absoluta的生物防治是可行的，可以将其作为中国防治T. absoluta的IPM方案的一部分。
{"title":"Trichogramma chilonis is a promising biocontrol agent against Tuta absoluta in China: results from laboratory and greenhouse experiments","authors":"Xiaowei Li, Tingting Chen, Limin Chen, Jie Ren, Farman Ullah, Songwang Yi, Yuhan Pan, Shuxing Zhou, Wenchao Guo, Kaiyun Fu, Yuan-Xi Li, Yaobin Lu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2457","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta, an economically important pest threatening the global production of tomato crops worldwide, has recently invaded China. Owing to insecticide resistance, alternative control options are needed within the context of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Augmentative biological control using indigenous natural enemies is a promising tactic for managing T. absoluta in newly invaded areas. In this study, the host suitability of four commercialized Trichogramma parasitoids in China (T. dendrolimi, T. japonicum, T. chilonis, and T. ostriniae) on T. absoluta eggs was evaluated in laboratory conditions. The control effectiveness of the most promising Trichogramma species was further tested at different release densities and frequencies in a greenhouse experiment. We found that T. chilonis was the most promising species parasitizing T. absoluta eggs, showing the highest parasitism rate, emergence rate, and female offspring sex ratio. The greenhouse experiment indicated that 600,000 parasitoids/hectare (20 parasitoids/plant) was the most effective release density, reaching 76% control effectiveness. Release frequency significantly affected the parasitism rate in the greenhouse. Two releases of 300,000 parasitoids/hectare on Day 1 and Day 4 was the most effective strategy, compared to one release of 600,000 parasitoids/hectare on Day 1. Our findings showed that augmentative biological control of T. absoluta by native Trichogramma parasitoids T. chilonis in China is feasible, and it could be included as part of IPM package against T. absoluta in China.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2246
Mark Jun M. Alcantara, Alyssa M. Fontanilla, Louise A. Ashton, Chris J. Burwell, Min Cao, Hongxiang Han, Hua Huang, Roger L. Kitching, Alexey Reshchikov, Xianhui Shen, Yong Tang, Yi Wan, Zhenghui Xu, Akihiro Nakamura
Bergmann’s rule posits that an organism’s body size or mass increases with decreasing temperature. While generally established in homeotherms, Bergmann’s rule has been largely inconsistent in insects due to limited taxonomic and spatial coverage and variable sampling methods applied to the same taxonomic group. To rectify these shortfalls in tests of Bergmann’s rule in insects, we sampled ants, ichneumonid wasps, carabid beetles, and geometrid moths simultaneously from three locations (representing tropical, subtropical, and subalpine altitudinal gradients) across Yunnan, Southwest China, where temperature and productivity generally decline with latitude. We sought generalities in Bergmann’s rule in insects by investigating whether community-level altitudinal body size patterns within each location were dependent on geographic locations, microhabitats (forest canopy vs understory), focal taxa (insect families), and taxonomic scale (subfamilies within individual families). We found that altitudinal clines, when present, varied across geographic locations; carabids and geometrids showed positive clines in the tropical altitudinal gradient and negative clines in the subtropical and subalpine altitudinal gradients. Understory and canopy geometrids showed similar patterns while different subfamilies showed variable patterns. Carabid and geometrid body size patterns complied with the combined resource allocation model, which posits that the body size varies with resource availability along altitudinal and latitudinal ranges. Overall, our study revealed idiosyncratic altitudinal and latitudinal body size patterns for different insect taxa. Our study also illustrates the value of fully standardized, large-scale studies in revealing generalities (or the lack thereof) in Bergmann’s rule in insects and we suggest incorporating the natural history and biology of target groups to better explain patterns of body size variation.
{"title":"Bugs and Bergmann’s rule: a cross-taxon large-scale study reveals idiosyncratic altitudinal and latitudinal body size patterns for different insect taxa","authors":"Mark Jun M. Alcantara, Alyssa M. Fontanilla, Louise A. Ashton, Chris J. Burwell, Min Cao, Hongxiang Han, Hua Huang, Roger L. Kitching, Alexey Reshchikov, Xianhui Shen, Yong Tang, Yi Wan, Zhenghui Xu, Akihiro Nakamura","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2246","url":null,"abstract":"Bergmann’s rule posits that an organism’s body size or mass increases with decreasing temperature. While generally established in homeotherms, Bergmann’s rule has been largely inconsistent in insects due to limited taxonomic and spatial coverage and variable sampling methods applied to the same taxonomic group. To rectify these shortfalls in tests of Bergmann’s rule in insects, we sampled ants, ichneumonid wasps, carabid beetles, and geometrid moths simultaneously from three locations (representing tropical, subtropical, and subalpine altitudinal gradients) across Yunnan, Southwest China, where temperature and productivity generally decline with latitude. We sought generalities in Bergmann’s rule in insects by investigating whether community-level altitudinal body size patterns within each location were dependent on geographic locations, microhabitats (forest canopy vs understory), focal taxa (insect families), and taxonomic scale (subfamilies within individual families). We found that altitudinal clines, when present, varied across geographic locations; carabids and geometrids showed positive clines in the tropical altitudinal gradient and negative clines in the subtropical and subalpine altitudinal gradients. Understory and canopy geometrids showed similar patterns while different subfamilies showed variable patterns. Carabid and geometrid body size patterns complied with the combined resource allocation model, which posits that the body size varies with resource availability along altitudinal and latitudinal ranges. Overall, our study revealed idiosyncratic altitudinal and latitudinal body size patterns for different insect taxa. Our study also illustrates the value of fully standardized, large-scale studies in revealing generalities (or the lack thereof) in Bergmann’s rule in insects and we suggest incorporating the natural history and biology of target groups to better explain patterns of body size variation.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140585471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2287
Gleice Ane de S. Gonçalves, Khalid Haddi, Natália de S. Ribas, Kárenn Christiny P. Santos, Lucas Felipe P. Tschoeke, Eraldo Lima
Mate choice is a fundamental behavior of polyandrous insects, in which individuals prefer mates that exhibit characteristic traits of higher reproductive quality. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) is the main pest in tomato cultivation and is difficult to control. Pheromones-based strategies; including monitoring, mass trapping and mating disruption; are recommended within integrated pest management of this pest. However, significant losses in tomato production are still reported despite the effective capture of males suggesting a potential failure of the used pheromones-based technologies in the field. As this situation may be related to the sexual behavior of this species, this study aimed to investigate how male’s characteristics, such as body weight, mating status, and age, influence the reproductive behavior of T. absoluta females and thus understanding the reported efficacy losses. First, we conducted a set of tests in which females were allowed to choose between males of different weights, mating status, and age. The effects of mating with males presenting the most contrasting characteristics on the females, reproductive outputs and longevity were assessed. Our results show that females of T. absoluta prefer males with higher reproductive quality (young, virgin and heavy) and that the male’s body weight had a direct influence on the increased longevity and reproductive performance of females. Understanding the reproductive success of these insects can help develop more effective control technologies to better reduce losses in tomato production caused by this pest.
择偶是多雄性昆虫的一种基本行为，在这种行为中，个体偏好具有较高繁殖质量特征的配偶。Tuta absoluta（Meyrick 1917）是番茄种植中的主要害虫，很难控制。在对这种害虫进行虫害综合防治时，建议采用基于信息素的策略，包括监测、大规模诱捕和干扰交配。然而，尽管有效捕获了雄虫，但仍有报告称番茄生产遭受重大损失，这表明在田间使用的基于信息素的技术可能失败。由于这种情况可能与该物种的性行为有关，本研究旨在调查雄虫的特征（如体重、交配状况和年龄）如何影响 T. absoluta 雌虫的繁殖行为，从而了解所报告的药效损失。首先，我们进行了一组测试，让雌性在不同体重、交配状况和年龄的雄性之间进行选择。我们评估了与特征差异最大的雄性交配对雌性的影响、生殖产量和寿命。我们的结果表明，T. absoluta 的雌性更喜欢生殖质量较高的雄性（年轻、处女和体重大），雄性的体重直接影响到雌性寿命的延长和生殖能力的提高。了解这些昆虫的繁殖成功率有助于开发更有效的控制技术，从而更好地减少该害虫对番茄生产造成的损失。
{"title":"Age, weight, and mating status of the male influence female choice and reproductive success in Tuta absoluta","authors":"Gleice Ane de S. Gonçalves, Khalid Haddi, Natália de S. Ribas, Kárenn Christiny P. Santos, Lucas Felipe P. Tschoeke, Eraldo Lima","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2287","url":null,"abstract":"Mate choice is a fundamental behavior of polyandrous insects, in which individuals prefer mates that exhibit characteristic traits of higher reproductive quality. Tuta absoluta (Meyrick 1917) is the main pest in tomato cultivation and is difficult to control. Pheromones-based strategies; including monitoring, mass trapping and mating disruption; are recommended within integrated pest management of this pest. However, significant losses in tomato production are still reported despite the effective capture of males suggesting a potential failure of the used pheromones-based technologies in the field. As this situation may be related to the sexual behavior of this species, this study aimed to investigate how male’s characteristics, such as body weight, mating status, and age, influence the reproductive behavior of T. absoluta females and thus understanding the reported efficacy losses. First, we conducted a set of tests in which females were allowed to choose between males of different weights, mating status, and age. The effects of mating with males presenting the most contrasting characteristics on the females, reproductive outputs and longevity were assessed. Our results show that females of T. absoluta prefer males with higher reproductive quality (young, virgin and heavy) and that the male’s body weight had a direct influence on the increased longevity and reproductive performance of females. Understanding the reproductive success of these insects can help develop more effective control technologies to better reduce losses in tomato production caused by this pest.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2119
Andrea G. Caruso, Simona Tortorici, Salvatore Davino, Sofia Bertacca, Arianna Ragona, Gabriella Lo Verde, Antonio Biondi, Emanuela Noris, Roberto Rizzo, Stefano Panno
The tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) currently represents one of the most significant threats to tomato crop worldwide. Its transmission occurs mainly through contact between plants and infected surfaces, and only one case of mechanical transmission by arthropods has been reported. Here, we aim to assess the role of an invasive tomato pest, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in ToBRFV transmission. Laboratory tests demonstrated the presence of the ToBRFV in adult moths obtained from larvae developed on ToBRFV-infected plants. Infected adults of T. absoluta were able to infect healthy tomato plants. In order to evaluate whether the occurrence of ToBRFV on T. absoluta adults was internal or external to the pupae, as results of larvae feeding on infected plants, pupae obtained from larvae fed on infected plants were externally disinfected and then analyzed for the presence of ToBRFV by RT-qPCR. Adults obtained from disinfected and not-disinfected pupae were also analyzed. Both adults and pupae were positive for the virus, suggesting its presence in the inner surface of the pupal exuvia. Electron microscopy, western blot analyses and hemolymph bioassay showed the absence of ToBRFV virions and viral coat protein in the hemolymph collected from disinfected pupae, demonstrating that the ToBRFV is not circulative in the progeny of T. absoluta adults obtained from larvae fed in infected plants, but probably adults got contaminated during their emergence, due to virus presence in the inner surface of pupal exuvia. This study demonstrates for the first time that T. absoluta can carry an infectious primary inoculum of ToBRFV, highlighting a potential epidemiological role of T. absoluta in spreading ToBRFV in the field.
番茄褐皱纹病毒（ToBRFV）是目前全球番茄作物面临的最严重威胁之一。它主要通过植物与受感染表面的接触传播，目前仅有一例通过节肢动物机械传播的报道。在此，我们旨在评估入侵番茄的害虫 Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) （鳞翅目：Gelechiidae）在 ToBRFV 传播中的作用。实验室测试表明，从受 ToBRFV 感染的植物上发育的幼虫中获得的成蛾体内存在 ToBRFV。受感染的 T. absoluta 成虫能够感染健康的番茄植株。为了评估 T. absoluta 成虫身上的 ToBRFV 是发生在蛹的内部还是外部，作为幼虫取食受感染植物的结果，对取自取食受感染植物的幼虫的蛹进行了外部消毒，然后通过 RT-qPCR 分析是否存在 ToBRFV。同时还分析了从已消毒和未消毒蛹中获得的成虫。成虫和蛹都对病毒呈阳性反应，表明病毒存在于蛹的外膜内表面。电子显微镜、Western 印迹分析和血淋巴生物测定表明，从消毒蛹中采集的血淋巴中没有 ToBRFV 病毒和病毒衣壳蛋白，这表明从在受感染植物中喂养的幼虫中获得的 T. absoluta 成虫的后代中没有 ToBRFV 病毒，但成虫可能在萌发过程中受到了污染，这是因为蛹的蜕皮内表面存在病毒。这项研究首次证明了绝对蝇可携带具有传染性的 ToBRFV 初代接种体，突出了绝对蝇在田间传播 ToBRFV 的潜在流行病学作用。
{"title":"The invasive tomato pest Tuta absoluta can transmit the emergent tomato brown rugose fruit virus","authors":"Andrea G. Caruso, Simona Tortorici, Salvatore Davino, Sofia Bertacca, Arianna Ragona, Gabriella Lo Verde, Antonio Biondi, Emanuela Noris, Roberto Rizzo, Stefano Panno","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2119","url":null,"abstract":"The tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) currently represents one of the most significant threats to tomato crop worldwide. Its transmission occurs mainly through contact between plants and infected surfaces, and only one case of mechanical transmission by arthropods has been reported. Here, we aim to assess the role of an invasive tomato pest, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in ToBRFV transmission. Laboratory tests demonstrated the presence of the ToBRFV in adult moths obtained from larvae developed on ToBRFV-infected plants. Infected adults of T. absoluta were able to infect healthy tomato plants. In order to evaluate whether the occurrence of ToBRFV on T. absoluta adults was internal or external to the pupae, as results of larvae feeding on infected plants, pupae obtained from larvae fed on infected plants were externally disinfected and then analyzed for the presence of ToBRFV by RT-qPCR. Adults obtained from disinfected and not-disinfected pupae were also analyzed. Both adults and pupae were positive for the virus, suggesting its presence in the inner surface of the pupal exuvia. Electron microscopy, western blot analyses and hemolymph bioassay showed the absence of ToBRFV virions and viral coat protein in the hemolymph collected from disinfected pupae, demonstrating that the ToBRFV is not circulative in the progeny of T. absoluta adults obtained from larvae fed in infected plants, but probably adults got contaminated during their emergence, due to virus presence in the inner surface of pupal exuvia. This study demonstrates for the first time that T. absoluta can carry an infectious primary inoculum of ToBRFV, highlighting a potential epidemiological role of T. absoluta in spreading ToBRFV in the field.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140302737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2299
Pablo Urbaneja-Bernat, Jordi Riudavets, Carmen Denis, Juan Ojeda, Oscar Alomar, Judit Arnó
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the main pests threatening tomato production worldwide. Since its detection in the Mediterranean basin, it has been the target of research aiming to reduce damage in tomato crops. Current conservation biological control approaches focus on the polyphagous predators Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) and Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), which are very effective predators of the pest’s eggs but have little effect on T. absoluta larvae. Surveys conducted in northeast of Spain have concluded that the eulophid Necremnus tutae Ribes & Bernardo and the braconid Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh) are the most abundant larval parasitoids. It is well known that adding floral resources near crops can provide high-quality food for natural enemies and thus enhance biological control. Previous studies showed that Lobularia maritima L. (Brassicaceae) flowers are a reliable food source for N. tutae. The present study examines whether the availability of L. maritima flowers positively influences the fitness of D. gelechiidivoris and the biological control of T. absoluta by parasitoids. To study this aspect, the performance of both wasps was evaluated in a simple and complex arena at high and low densities of T. absoluta, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the nectar of L. maritima is a nutrient-rich food source for both N. tutae and D. gelechiidivoris with profound implications on the biological control of T. absoluta in tomatoes.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) （鳞翅目：Gelechiidae）是威胁全球番茄生产的主要害虫之一。自从在地中海盆地被发现以来，它一直是旨在减少番茄作物损害的研究目标。目前的保护性生物防治方法主要集中在多食性捕食者 Macrolophus pygmaeus (Rambur) 和 Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter)（半翅目：Miridae），它们是该害虫卵的有效捕食者，但对 T. absoluta 幼虫的影响很小。在西班牙东北部进行的调查得出结论，鞘翅目昆虫 Necremnus tutae Ribes & Bernardo 和腕翅目昆虫 Dolichogenidea gelechiidivoris (Marsh) 是数量最多的幼虫寄生虫。众所周知，在作物附近增加花卉资源可为天敌提供优质食物，从而加强生物防治。以前的研究表明，Lobularia maritima L.（十字花科）花是 N. tutae 可靠的食物来源。本研究探讨了 L. maritima 花的可用性是否会对 D. gelechiidivoris 的适应性以及寄生虫对 T. absoluta 的生物防治产生积极影响。为了研究这一方面，我们分别在T. absoluta密度较高和较低的简单和复杂环境中对两种黄蜂的表现进行了评估。我们的研究结果表明，L. maritima 的花蜜是 N. tutae 和 D. gelechiidivoris 营养丰富的食物来源，对番茄中 T. absoluta 的生物防治具有深远影响。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2471
Raul Narciso C. Guedes, Cláudia de Lima e Silva
This is the editorial to Entomologia Generalis 44/1.
这是《昆虫学总论》44/1 的社论。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2187
Elena Angulo, Benoit Guénard, Paride Balzani, Alok Bang, Filippo Frizzi, Alberto Masoni, Sílvia Abril, Andrew V. Suarez, Benjamin Hoffmann, Giovanni Benelli, Hitoshi Aonuma, Lori Lach, Palesa Natasha Mothapo, Theresa Wossler, Giacomo Santini
The Argentine ant, Linepithema humile, is one of the world’s worst invasive species, with established populations in at least 40 countries on six continents. In this review, we synthesise the vast literature on this species in four areas, concentrating on its introduction to natural systems. The first section reviews its distribution, habitat preferences, and the factors promoting its invasion success. Second, we review current knowledge of its ecological impacts on invertebrates, vertebrates and ecosystem functions. The third section deals with behaviour and genetics, particularly traits promoting invasiveness. Finally, we address applied issues, emphasising the quantification of the economic costs and eradication strategies associated with L. humile invasion. Despite tremendous research efforts, especially over the past 40 years, numerous knowledge gaps remain in the understanding of the distribution, ecology, impacts, management, and economic costs of this species. We conclude by highlighting the most critical gaps and propose a research agenda to tackle the future challenges in the study of L. humile biology.
阿根廷蚁（Linepithema humile）是世界上最严重的入侵物种之一，已在六大洲至少 40 个国家建立了种群。在这篇综述中，我们从四个方面对有关该物种的大量文献进行了归纳，重点介绍了它被引入自然系统的情况。第一部分回顾了它的分布、栖息地偏好以及促进其入侵成功的因素。其次，我们回顾了目前关于该物种对无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和生态系统功能的生态影响的知识。第三部分涉及行为和遗传学，特别是促进入侵的特征。最后，我们讨论了应用问题，强调了与红叶石楠入侵相关的经济成本量化和根除策略。尽管开展了大量研究工作，尤其是在过去 40 年中，但在了解该物种的分布、生态、影响、管理和经济成本方面仍存在许多知识空白。最后，我们强调了最关键的差距，并提出了一个研究议程，以应对未来研究 L. humile 生物学的挑战。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2295
Andrea Battisti, Andre.A. Walker, Mizuki Uemura, Myron.P. Zalucki, Anne-Sophie Brinquin, Rudy Caparros-Megidos, Emmanuel Gachet, Carole Kerdelhué, Nicolas Desneux
Lepidoptera can cause several health issues in humans and domestic animals due to their setae, which are defensive adaptations that protect them from predators. The diversity of venomous Lepidoptera has been explored in several reviews starting from the first comprehensive attempt in 1984 by Kawamoto and Kumada (KK) who compiled a list of 228 species based on previous reviews; however, KK did not cite the original publications for listed species. In this review we validated and updated the KK table. The updated list of venomous Lepidoptera includes 5 superfamilies, 14 families, 208 genera, and 576 species, representing a two-fold increase for genera and 2.9-fold for species with respect to KK. The total number of species in the genera including at least one venomous species, which we argue is likely closer to the true number of venomous species, is 7 times higher (3,620). GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) occurrences for venomous species are 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than those of confamilial non-venomous species. The presence of venomous structures is independent of the relatedness of the clades or geographic region; venom is produced by many species of Zygaenoidea, Lasiocampoidea and Bombycoidea but only by some specialized groups in Papilionoidea and Noctuoidea. There are likely to be multiple evolutionary origins of venom within Lepidoptera, but the exact number is difficult to estimate. The knowledge gap between medical and natural history fields needs to be addressed with novel approaches to study ecology and toxicology. This review offers health practitioners a tool to better understand the origin of the reactions observed and to improve the identification of the causal agents.
鳞翅目昆虫的刚毛是保护它们免受天敌侵害的防卫性适应手段，因此鳞翅目昆虫会给人类和家畜带来多种健康问题。从 1984 年川本和熊田（Kawamoto and Kumada，KK）的首次全面尝试开始，已有多篇综述对有毒鳞翅目昆虫的多样性进行了探讨。在本综述中，我们验证并更新了 KK 的表格。更新后的毒鳞翅目名单包括 5 个超科、14 个科、208 个属和 576 个种，与 KK 相比，属的数量增加了 2 倍，种的数量增加了 2.9 倍。我们认为，至少包括一个毒种的属的物种总数可能更接近毒种的真实数量，是 KK 的 7 倍（3,620 种）。GBIF（全球生物多样性信息基金）中毒蛇物种的出现率要比无毒蛇物种的出现率高出1-4个数量级。毒液结构的存在与支系或地理区域的亲缘关系无关；Zygaenoidea、Lasiocampoidea 和 Bombycoidea 的许多物种都会产生毒液，但只有 Papilionoidea 和 Noctuoidea 的一些特殊类群才会产生毒液。在鳞翅目昆虫中，毒液可能有多个进化起源，但具体数量难以估计。医学和自然历史领域之间的知识差距需要通过研究生态学和毒理学的新方法来解决。本综述为医疗工作者提供了一种工具，使他们能够更好地了解所观察到的反应的起源，并改进对致病因子的识别。
{"title":"Look but do not touch: the occurrence of venomous species across Lepidoptera","authors":"Andrea Battisti, Andre.A. Walker, Mizuki Uemura, Myron.P. Zalucki, Anne-Sophie Brinquin, Rudy Caparros-Megidos, Emmanuel Gachet, Carole Kerdelhué, Nicolas Desneux","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2295","url":null,"abstract":"Lepidoptera can cause several health issues in humans and domestic animals due to their setae, which are defensive adaptations that protect them from predators. The diversity of venomous Lepidoptera has been explored in several reviews starting from the first comprehensive attempt in 1984 by Kawamoto and Kumada (KK) who compiled a list of 228 species based on previous reviews; however, KK did not cite the original publications for listed species. In this review we validated and updated the KK table. The updated list of venomous Lepidoptera includes 5 superfamilies, 14 families, 208 genera, and 576 species, representing a two-fold increase for genera and 2.9-fold for species with respect to KK. The total number of species in the genera including at least one venomous species, which we argue is likely closer to the true number of venomous species, is 7 times higher (3,620). GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) occurrences for venomous species are 1–4 orders of magnitude higher than those of confamilial non-venomous species. The presence of venomous structures is independent of the relatedness of the clades or geographic region; venom is produced by many species of Zygaenoidea, Lasiocampoidea and Bombycoidea but only by some specialized groups in Papilionoidea and Noctuoidea. There are likely to be multiple evolutionary origins of venom within Lepidoptera, but the exact number is difficult to estimate. The knowledge gap between medical and natural history fields needs to be addressed with novel approaches to study ecology and toxicology. This review offers health practitioners a tool to better understand the origin of the reactions observed and to improve the identification of the causal agents.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139981176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2349
James R. Hagler, Miles T. Casey, Scott A. Machtley, Paul V. Merten
The liquid fluorescent material SmartWater® has recently been reported as an effective external mark for arthropods. In this study, we examined the behavioral effects of the SmartWater marker on Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera: Miridae). Specifically, we quantified the roaming and flight characteristics of unmarked, water-marked, and SmartWater-marked specimens. The results showed no significant differences in L. hesperus roaming and flight speeds, distances, and durations between the marking treatments. The results reported here and from previous research show the SmartWater product has enormous potential for mark-release-recapture type research.
{"title":"No effect of a fluorophore taggant on western tarnished plant bug, Lygus hesperus roaming and flight behavior","authors":"James R. Hagler, Miles T. Casey, Scott A. Machtley, Paul V. Merten","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2349","url":null,"abstract":"The liquid fluorescent material SmartWater® has recently been reported as an effective external mark for arthropods. In this study, we examined the behavioral effects of the SmartWater marker on Lygus hesperus (Knight) (Hemiptera: Miridae). Specifically, we quantified the roaming and flight characteristics of unmarked, water-marked, and SmartWater-marked specimens. The results showed no significant differences in L. hesperus roaming and flight speeds, distances, and durations between the marking treatments. The results reported here and from previous research show the SmartWater product has enormous potential for mark-release-recapture type research.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"545 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139949132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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