Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2647
Peng Han, Yibo Zhang, Judit Arnó, Ramzi Mansour
This is the editorial to Entomologia Generalis 44/2, Special issue Tuta absoluta.
这是《昆虫学总论》44/2 特刊《Tuta absoluta》的社论。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2362
Ming-hui Wang, Khasan Ismoilov, Wan-xue Liu, Ming Bai, Xiao-shuan Bai, Bin Chen, Hao-liang Chen, Hong-song Chen, Yong-cheng Dong, Kui Fang, Fu-rong Gui, Guo-Hua Huang, Chun-mei Jiang, Hong-bo Jiang, Xiao-wei Li, Chen Luo, Chen Luo, Zhao-zhi Lu, Yao-bin Lu, De-ying Ma, De-qiang Pu, Yanyan Qu, Wen Sang, Li-mei Song, Xiao Sun, Yuan-xing Sun, Bin Wan, Xin-pu Wang, Wen-jia Yang, Xue-qing Yang, Feng-luan Yao, Zheng-pei Ye, Li-yun Zhang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Ye Zhang, Chen-chen Zhao, Qiong Zhou, Wen-wu Zhou, Wen-ya Zhu, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Antonio Biondi, Coline.C. Jaworski, Yibo Zhang, Nicolas Desneux, Peng Han
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries. Since its first detection in China in late 2017, this pest has been now present in nearly 20 provinces/prefectures in China and is threating tomato and other Solanaceous crops such as potato, eggplants, and tobacco. Here, we provide a timely review on the current distribution, damage, management, and research in China. A standard survey form was designed and 30 answered surveys from 25 provinces have been received. The data showed that the damage has been witnessed in most of the regions despite that the severities vary among the regions. The management is chemical-control biased, and more efforts are needed to increase the adoption of non-chemical alternatives in the Integrated Pest Management packages. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) package called “CAMEFA” was developed and demonstrated in Yunnan and Xinjiang, the two earliest regions for the invasion. Yet, the adoption by local growers is still limited. Besides T. absoluta, we suggest a multi-pest approach by combing IPM tactics coping with other major insect pests sharing the crop. Lastly, international projects are deemed to serve as a key lever for promoting IPM of T. absoluta and other invasive insect pests.
南美番茄蛲虫Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) （鳞翅目：Gelechiidae）已入侵大多数非洲-欧亚国家。自2017年底在中国首次发现以来，该害虫目前已在中国近20个省/县出现，并对番茄和马铃薯、茄子、烟草等其他茄科作物构成威胁。在此，我们及时回顾了该害虫在中国的分布、危害、管理和研究现状。我们设计了一份标准调查表，共收到来自 25 个省的 30 份调查表。数据显示，尽管各地区的危害程度不同，但大部分地区都有发生。管理偏重于化学防治，因此需要做出更多努力，在虫害综合防治方案中更多地采用非化学替代品。在云南和新疆这两个最早入侵的地区，开发并示范了一套名为 "CAMEFA "的害虫综合管理（IPM）方案。然而，当地种植者采用的情况仍然有限。除了 T. absoluta 外，我们还建议采用多种虫害综合防治方法，结合 IPM 策略来应对作物上的其他主要害虫。最后，国际项目被认为是促进对 T. absoluta 和其他入侵害虫进行 IPM 的关键杠杆。
{"title":"Tuta absoluta management in China: progress and prospects","authors":"Ming-hui Wang, Khasan Ismoilov, Wan-xue Liu, Ming Bai, Xiao-shuan Bai, Bin Chen, Hao-liang Chen, Hong-song Chen, Yong-cheng Dong, Kui Fang, Fu-rong Gui, Guo-Hua Huang, Chun-mei Jiang, Hong-bo Jiang, Xiao-wei Li, Chen Luo, Chen Luo, Zhao-zhi Lu, Yao-bin Lu, De-ying Ma, De-qiang Pu, Yanyan Qu, Wen Sang, Li-mei Song, Xiao Sun, Yuan-xing Sun, Bin Wan, Xin-pu Wang, Wen-jia Yang, Xue-qing Yang, Feng-luan Yao, Zheng-pei Ye, Li-yun Zhang, Xiao-ming Zhang, Ye Zhang, Chen-chen Zhao, Qiong Zhou, Wen-wu Zhou, Wen-ya Zhu, Cesar Rodriguez-Saona, Antonio Biondi, Coline.C. Jaworski, Yibo Zhang, Nicolas Desneux, Peng Han","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2362","url":null,"abstract":"The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), has invaded most Afro-Eurasian countries. Since its first detection in China in late 2017, this pest has been now present in nearly 20 provinces/prefectures in China and is threating tomato and other Solanaceous crops such as potato, eggplants, and tobacco. Here, we provide a timely review on the current distribution, damage, management, and research in China. A standard survey form was designed and 30 answered surveys from 25 provinces have been received. The data showed that the damage has been witnessed in most of the regions despite that the severities vary among the regions. The management is chemical-control biased, and more efforts are needed to increase the adoption of non-chemical alternatives in the Integrated Pest Management packages. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) package called “CAMEFA” was developed and demonstrated in Yunnan and Xinjiang, the two earliest regions for the invasion. Yet, the adoption by local growers is still limited. Besides T. absoluta, we suggest a multi-pest approach by combing IPM tactics coping with other major insect pests sharing the crop. Lastly, international projects are deemed to serve as a key lever for promoting IPM of T. absoluta and other invasive insect pests.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2452
Farman Ullah, Ali Güncan, Hina Gul, Muhammad Hafeez, Shuxing Zhou, Yaru Wang, Zhijun Zhang, Jun Huang, Hamed A. Ghramh, Wenchao Guo, Kaiyun Fu, Xiaowei Li, Nicolas Desneux, Yaobin Lu
The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered one of the most economically important invasive pests that causes severe damage to tomato crops. The biopesticide spinosad is widely used for controlling T. absoluta. This study aimed to investigate the spinosad-induced intergenerational sublethal effects on T. absoluta. Results showed that spinosad exhibited high toxicity against 3rd instar T. absoluta with the LC50 of 0.04 mg L-1 after 72 h exposure. The LC10 and LC30 of spinosad significantly decreased the durations of various developmental stages and some reproductive parameters of parental (F0) T. absoluta compared to control. The developmental durations, survival rate, reproduction and life table parameters (intrinsic rate of increase, r; finite rate of increase, λ; net reproductive rate, R 0; and oviposition days, Od ) were significantly decreased in the progeny generations (F1 and F2) following F0 exposure to the LC10 and LC30 of spinosad as compared to the control group. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of development and reproduction related genes such as Vg, VgR, and JHBP were down-regulated in parental and progeny generations at both spinosad treatments as compared to control treatment. The resistance related cytochrome P450 genes CYP321C40 and CYP6AW1, followed by CYP4M116, CYP9A307v2, CYP15C1, CYP339A1, and CYP6AB327 were up-regulated at spinosad-treated groups in the parental and progeny generations of T. absoluta as compared to control. Overall, these results showed that although spinosad exhibited high toxicity and induces intergenerational sublethal effects on the parental and progeny generations, the indiscriminate and long-term application might causes resistance development in of T. absoluta.
{"title":"Spinosad-induced intergenerational sublethal effects on Tuta absoluta: biological traits and related genes expressions","authors":"Farman Ullah, Ali Güncan, Hina Gul, Muhammad Hafeez, Shuxing Zhou, Yaru Wang, Zhijun Zhang, Jun Huang, Hamed A. Ghramh, Wenchao Guo, Kaiyun Fu, Xiaowei Li, Nicolas Desneux, Yaobin Lu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2452","url":null,"abstract":"The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is considered one of the most economically important invasive pests that causes severe damage to tomato crops. The biopesticide spinosad is widely used for controlling T. absoluta. This study aimed to investigate the spinosad-induced intergenerational sublethal effects on T. absoluta. Results showed that spinosad exhibited high toxicity against 3rd instar T. absoluta with the LC50 of 0.04 mg L-1 after 72 h exposure. The LC10 and LC30 of spinosad significantly decreased the durations of various developmental stages and some reproductive parameters of parental (F0) T. absoluta compared to control. The developmental durations, survival rate, reproduction and life table parameters (intrinsic rate of increase, r; finite rate of increase, λ; net reproductive rate, R 0; and oviposition days, Od ) were significantly decreased in the progeny generations (F1 and F2) following F0 exposure to the LC10 and LC30 of spinosad as compared to the control group. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of development and reproduction related genes such as Vg, VgR, and JHBP were down-regulated in parental and progeny generations at both spinosad treatments as compared to control treatment. The resistance related cytochrome P450 genes CYP321C40 and CYP6AW1, followed by CYP4M116, CYP9A307v2, CYP15C1, CYP339A1, and CYP6AB327 were up-regulated at spinosad-treated groups in the parental and progeny generations of T. absoluta as compared to control. Overall, these results showed that although spinosad exhibited high toxicity and induces intergenerational sublethal effects on the parental and progeny generations, the indiscriminate and long-term application might causes resistance development in of T. absoluta.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140834006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2316
Daniele Bevacqua, Andrea Coppola, Renato Casagrandi
The South American insect Tuta absoluta is a significant leaf-mining pest for tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). In the last fifteen years, it has invaded and rapidly expanded across most European and African countries. This poses increasing threats to key tomato-growing regions worldwide. Despite the global significance of crop damages caused by T. absoluta, existing models have primarily focused on the developmental growth at the individual level, with limited consideration for population and community-level interactions, especially the plant-pest relationship. Here we introduce and discuss an ecological, process-based, mathematical model that accounts for the interdependent dynamics between a population of the herbivorous insect and the tomato plants it feeds on. The model explicitly integrates the impacts of water and nutrients availability, as well as temperature, on the growth of both insect and plant populations. After calibrating the model using empirical data, we find that its simulations can replicate different observed patterns. Leveraging the mechanistic nature of our approach, we analyze the combined effects of various temperature, fertilization/irrigation (fertigation) and biocontrol scenarios on (i) crop growth and (ii) the overall health of the production system. This enables us to identify knowledge gaps and to discuss the effectiveness and trade-offs associated with different management policies.
南美昆虫 Tuta absoluta 是番茄植物（Solanum lycopersicum）的一种重要的采叶害虫。在过去的 15 年里，它已经入侵并迅速扩展到欧洲和非洲的大多数国家。这对全球主要番茄种植区构成了越来越大的威胁。尽管 T. absoluta 对全球农作物造成了重大损失，但现有模型主要关注个体层面的生长发育，对种群和群落层面的相互作用，尤其是植物与害虫之间的关系考虑有限。在此，我们介绍并讨论了一个基于过程的生态数学模型，该模型考虑了食草昆虫种群与它取食的番茄植物之间相互依存的动态关系。该模型明确整合了水和养分以及温度对昆虫和植物种群生长的影响。利用经验数据对模型进行校准后，我们发现其模拟结果可以复制不同的观测模式。利用我们方法的机理性质，我们分析了各种温度、施肥/灌溉（灌溉施肥）和生物防治方案对（i）作物生长和（ii）生产系统整体健康的综合影响。这使我们能够确定知识差距，并讨论与不同管理政策相关的有效性和权衡。
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Pub Date : 2024-05-02DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2332
Yan Jin, Jing Wang, Dao-Ling Huang, Meng-Zhu Shi, Hsin Chi, Elahe Rostami, Aurang Kavousi, Jian-Wei Fu
The life table data of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on the jatropha, Jatropha integerrima (Euphorbiaceae), were collected using individually- and group-rearing and analyzed by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Because the male individuals have six stages while the female individuals have only five stages, a new method was developed for a correct description of life stages and life table analysis. In general, the developmental durations of individually-reared insects were significantly longer than those of group-reared insects. Although the mean fecundity (F = 167.84 eggs/female) and the net reproductive rate (R0 = 62.10 offspring) of the individually-reared cohort were significantly higher than those of group-reared cohort (F = 66.5 eggs/female and R0 = 18.62 offspring), there were no significant differences in the population growth rates, i.e., intrinsic rate of increase r and finite rate of increase λ. Because the age variable x is an exponent in the Euler-Lotka equation, the first reproductive age and total preoviposition period are important factors in the determining the value of population growth rates. The life table data were used to simulate the population growth and timing of the control. Our results demonstrated that for group-lived insects like papaya mealybug, life table data collected using group-reared cohort is a better option for simulating pest population growth and management than data from individually-reared cohort.
通过个体饲养和群体饲养收集了木瓜蚧（Paracoccus marginatus Williams 和 Granara de Willink，半翅目：伪球虫科）在麻风树（Jatropha integerrima，大戟科）上的生命表数据，并利用年龄阶段双性生命表进行了分析。由于雄性个体有六个阶段，而雌性个体只有五个阶段，因此开发了一种新方法来正确描述生命阶段和分析生命表。一般来说，个体饲养的昆虫的发育期明显长于群体饲养的昆虫。虽然个体饲养群的平均繁殖力（F = 167.84 卵/雌虫）和净繁殖率（R0 = 62.10 后代）明显高于群体饲养群（F = 66.5 卵/雌虫和 R0 = 18.62 后代），但种群增长率（即内在增长率 r 和有限增长率 r）没有显著差异、由于年龄变量 x 是欧拉-洛特卡方程（Euler-Lotka equation）中的一个指数，因此第一生育年龄和总产卵前时期是决定种群增长率值的重要因素。我们利用生命表数据模拟了种群增长和控制时间。我们的研究结果表明，对于像木瓜蚧这样的群居昆虫来说，利用群养同群昆虫收集的生命表数据比利用单养同群昆虫收集的数据更适合用于模拟害虫种群增长和管理。
{"title":"Comparative demography of group- and individually-reared life tables of papaya mealybug with an innovative life table analysis for species in which females and males have a different number of stages","authors":"Yan Jin, Jing Wang, Dao-Ling Huang, Meng-Zhu Shi, Hsin Chi, Elahe Rostami, Aurang Kavousi, Jian-Wei Fu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2332","url":null,"abstract":"The life table data of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), on the jatropha, Jatropha integerrima (Euphorbiaceae), were collected using individually- and group-rearing and analyzed by using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Because the male individuals have six stages while the female individuals have only five stages, a new method was developed for a correct description of life stages and life table analysis. In general, the developmental durations of individually-reared insects were significantly longer than those of group-reared insects. Although the mean fecundity (F = 167.84 eggs/female) and the net reproductive rate (R0 = 62.10 offspring) of the individually-reared cohort were significantly higher than those of group-reared cohort (F = 66.5 eggs/female and R0 = 18.62 offspring), there were no significant differences in the population growth rates, i.e., intrinsic rate of increase r and finite rate of increase λ. Because the age variable x is an exponent in the Euler-Lotka equation, the first reproductive age and total preoviposition period are important factors in the determining the value of population growth rates. The life table data were used to simulate the population growth and timing of the control. Our results demonstrated that for group-lived insects like papaya mealybug, life table data collected using group-reared cohort is a better option for simulating pest population growth and management than data from individually-reared cohort.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2291
Yun Yang, Yan Wang, Guangzu Du, Wenqian Wang, Ganlin Sun, Bin Chen, Limin Zhang
The South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a worldwide devastating insect pest of tomato. The pest has also been found to be damaging potato, but little is known about the performance on potato. To evaluate the adaptability of T. absoluta on potato and screen the resistant cultivars, the performance of T. absoluta was determined on four widely-grown potato cultivars (Qingshu No. 9 [QN9], Lishu No. 6 [LN6], Hezuo No. 88 [HN88] and Mila [MI]) in China using the age-stage two-sex life table, compared with tomato cultivar (Shouhe) as a control. The activity of several enzymes in the larvae were also determined. We found that T. absoluta could complete life cycles on the leaves and tubers of four potato cultivars, but was less harmful to tubers. The intrinsic rate of increase was the least on leaves of HN88, higher on leaves of QN9, LN6 and MI, and highest on tomato leaves. The lowest and highest fecundity of T. absoluta was recorded on the cultivar HN88 tubers and MI leaves, respectively. Moreover, the lowest pupal weight of T. absoluta was observed on the cultivar of QN9 leaves. The enzyme activities of the larvae feeding on difference cultivars did not show a clear pattern. In conclusion, T. absoluta showed high damage potential to potato, with the highest and lowest fitness to the potato cultivar MI and HN88, respectively. Considering bottom-up effects as a key driver in integrated pest management (IPM), the cultivars HN88 and QN9 could be preferably used in the IPM.
南美番茄潜叶蝇 Tuta absoluta（鳞翅目：Gelechiidae）是一种世界性的番茄毁灭性害虫。该害虫也被发现危害马铃薯，但人们对其在马铃薯上的表现知之甚少。为了评价 T. absoluta 在马铃薯上的适应性并筛选抗性品种，采用龄期双性生命表法测定了 T. absoluta 在中国广泛种植的 4 个马铃薯品种（青薯 9 号 [QN9]、丽薯 6 号 [LN6]、禾左 88 号 [HN88] 和米拉 [MI]）上的表现，并与番茄品种（首禾）作为对照进行了比较。同时还测定了幼虫体内几种酶的活性。我们发现，T. absoluta 可以在四个马铃薯栽培品种的叶片和块茎上完成生命周期，但对块茎的危害较小。HN88叶片上的内增殖率最低，QN9、LN6和MI叶片上的内增殖率较高，番茄叶片上的内增殖率最高。在 HN88 栽培品种块茎和 MI 叶片上记录到的 T. absoluta 的繁殖力分别最低和最高。此外，在 QN9 栽培品种的叶片上观察到的 T. absoluta 蛹重最低。取食不同栽培品种的幼虫的酶活性没有显示出明显的规律。总之，T. absoluta 对马铃薯的危害潜力很大，对马铃薯栽培品种 MI 和 HN88 的适应性分别最高和最低。考虑到自下而上的效应是害虫综合防治（IPM）的关键驱动因素，HN88 和 QN9 栽培品种可优先用于 IPM。
{"title":"Bottom-up effects of various potato cultivars on the performance of Tuta absolut","authors":"Yun Yang, Yan Wang, Guangzu Du, Wenqian Wang, Ganlin Sun, Bin Chen, Limin Zhang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2291","url":null,"abstract":"The South American tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a worldwide devastating insect pest of tomato. The pest has also been found to be damaging potato, but little is known about the performance on potato. To evaluate the adaptability of T. absoluta on potato and screen the resistant cultivars, the performance of T. absoluta was determined on four widely-grown potato cultivars (Qingshu No. 9 [QN9], Lishu No. 6 [LN6], Hezuo No. 88 [HN88] and Mila [MI]) in China using the age-stage two-sex life table, compared with tomato cultivar (Shouhe) as a control. The activity of several enzymes in the larvae were also determined. We found that T. absoluta could complete life cycles on the leaves and tubers of four potato cultivars, but was less harmful to tubers. The intrinsic rate of increase was the least on leaves of HN88, higher on leaves of QN9, LN6 and MI, and highest on tomato leaves. The lowest and highest fecundity of T. absoluta was recorded on the cultivar HN88 tubers and MI leaves, respectively. Moreover, the lowest pupal weight of T. absoluta was observed on the cultivar of QN9 leaves. The enzyme activities of the larvae feeding on difference cultivars did not show a clear pattern. In conclusion, T. absoluta showed high damage potential to potato, with the highest and lowest fitness to the potato cultivar MI and HN88, respectively. Considering bottom-up effects as a key driver in integrated pest management (IPM), the cultivars HN88 and QN9 could be preferably used in the IPM.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"184 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) is a notoriously invasive pest that has spread from South America to over 110 countries worldwide and poses a significant threat to the global tomato industry. Adverse effects associated with the overuse of chemical insecticides have prompted researchers to seek ecologically-based management options, such as using secondary plants. However, research on the repellent plants of T. absoluta is missing. In this study, we assessed the potential of nine commonly reported repellent plants. Rosmarinus officinalis was found to exhibit a significant repellent effect against T. absoluta. We quantified the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in R. officinalis, and further determined the repellent effects of the specific VOCs. The plant R. officinalis and the VOC eucalyptol delayed the developmental period of T. absoluta and decreased the egg-hatching rate. By running cage and greenhouse experiments, we confirmed that R. officinalis and eucalyptol reduced the damage caused by T. absoluta via antixenosis (i.e. reduced number of eggs laid). Our results showed the important function of R. officinalis and its VOCs in controlling T. absoluta, guiding the use of repellent plants as a key component of Integrated Pest Management packages.
番茄潜叶蝇（Tuta absoluta）是一种臭名昭著的入侵害虫，已从南美洲蔓延到全球 110 多个国家，对全球番茄产业构成了重大威胁。与过度使用化学杀虫剂相关的不利影响促使研究人员寻求基于生态的管理方案，如使用次生植物。然而，关于 T. absoluta 的驱虫植物的研究尚属空白。在这项研究中，我们评估了九种常见驱虫植物的潜力。结果发现，迷迭香对 T. absoluta 有明显的驱避效果。我们对迷迭香中的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）进行了量化，并进一步确定了特定 VOCs 的驱虫效果。植物 R. officinalis 和挥发性有机化合物桉叶油醇能延缓 T. absoluta 的发育期并降低其卵孵化率。通过笼养和温室实验，我们证实 R. officinalis 和桉叶油醇能通过抗败血病（即产卵数量减少）来减少 T. absoluta 的危害。我们的研究结果表明了 R. officinalis 及其挥发性有机化合物在控制 T. absoluta 方面的重要功能，这为将驱虫植物作为虫害综合防治方案的关键组成部分提供了指导。
{"title":"Repellent and insecticidal effects of Rosmarinus officinalis and its volatiles on Tuta absoluta","authors":"Zhong-Xiang Sun, Rui-Xin Ma, Jia Hu, Ya-Ping Chen, Chen Peng, Dong-Gui Li, Jun-Tao Zhang, Min-Li Shen, Fu-Rong Gui","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2454","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato leaf miner (Tuta absoluta) is a notoriously invasive pest that has spread from South America to over 110 countries worldwide and poses a significant threat to the global tomato industry. Adverse effects associated with the overuse of chemical insecticides have prompted researchers to seek ecologically-based management options, such as using secondary plants. However, research on the repellent plants of T. absoluta is missing. In this study, we assessed the potential of nine commonly reported repellent plants. Rosmarinus officinalis was found to exhibit a significant repellent effect against T. absoluta. We quantified the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in R. officinalis, and further determined the repellent effects of the specific VOCs. The plant R. officinalis and the VOC eucalyptol delayed the developmental period of T. absoluta and decreased the egg-hatching rate. By running cage and greenhouse experiments, we confirmed that R. officinalis and eucalyptol reduced the damage caused by T. absoluta via antixenosis (i.e. reduced number of eggs laid). Our results showed the important function of R. officinalis and its VOCs in controlling T. absoluta, guiding the use of repellent plants as a key component of Integrated Pest Management packages.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive alien species that causes major losses in the Chinese tomato industry. Historically, insecticides have been used extensively to control T. absoluta, but resistant populations have been frequently detected. Biological control represents a sustainable and effective method with which to prevent and control T. absoluta. Egg parasitoids from the family of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) have been identified as potential biological option for controlling of T. absoluta. In the present study, we aimed to identify local dominant Trichogramma species that exhibited the best biological control ability against T. absoluta in China. To accomplish this, we compared the selectivity and number of offspring of three Trichogramma species to T. absoluta by performing host preference experiments in the laboratory. We also evaluated the fitness of Trichogramma against T. absoluta by assessing the parasitic ability and behavior of their offspring on different hosts. Compared with Trichogramma chilonis and Trichogramma dendrolimi, Trichogramma ostriniae exhibited a significantly greater preference to T. absoluta eggs and produced a higher number of offspring. The emergence rate and proportion of female T. ostriniae parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta was higher than that of the other two Trichogramma species, the rate of T. ostriniae offspring deformity was only 3.00%. In addition, T. ostriniae has shortest immature stage and the longest adult stage among the three species. In conclusion T. ostriniae can be a promising native biological control agent against T. absoluta in China.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) （鳞翅目：蝼蛄）是一种外来入侵物种，给中国番茄产业造成了重大损失。一直以来，杀虫剂被广泛用于控制 Tuta absoluta，但经常发现抗药性种群。生物防治是预防和控制 T. absoluta 的一种可持续的有效方法。寄生于膜翅目 Trichogrammatidae 科的卵寄生虫已被确定为控制 T. absoluta 的潜在生物选择。在本研究中，我们的目的是找出中国当地对绝对蓟马具有最佳生物防治能力的优势蓟马种类。为此，我们在实验室中进行了寄主偏好实验，比较了三种Trichogramma对绝对拟南芥的选择性和后代数量。我们还通过评估Trichogramma的寄生能力及其后代在不同寄主上的行为，评估了它们对T. absoluta的适应性。与Trichogramma chilonis和Trichogramma dendrolimi相比，Trichogramma ostriniae对T. absoluta卵的偏好度明显更高，产生的后代数量也更多。寄生在 T. absoluta 卵中的雌性 T. ostriniae 的出现率和比例均高于其他两个种，T. ostriniae 后代的畸形率仅为 3.00%。此外，T. ostriniae 的幼虫期最短，成虫期最长。总之，T. ostriniae 是一种很有前途的中国本土生物防治药剂，可防治绝对拟南芥。
{"title":"Assessment of the suitability of three native Trichogramma species for biological control of Tuta absoluta in China","authors":"Zheng-Xiong Jiang, Shun-Wen Zhou, Ying Sun, Kun Zou, Tian-Ai Li, Jin-Long Zhang, Guo-Hua Chen, Xiao-Ming Zhang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2302","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is an invasive alien species that causes major losses in the Chinese tomato industry. Historically, insecticides have been used extensively to control T. absoluta, but resistant populations have been frequently detected. Biological control represents a sustainable and effective method with which to prevent and control T. absoluta. Egg parasitoids from the family of Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera) have been identified as potential biological option for controlling of T. absoluta. In the present study, we aimed to identify local dominant Trichogramma species that exhibited the best biological control ability against T. absoluta in China. To accomplish this, we compared the selectivity and number of offspring of three Trichogramma species to T. absoluta by performing host preference experiments in the laboratory. We also evaluated the fitness of Trichogramma against T. absoluta by assessing the parasitic ability and behavior of their offspring on different hosts. Compared with Trichogramma chilonis and Trichogramma dendrolimi, Trichogramma ostriniae exhibited a significantly greater preference to T. absoluta eggs and produced a higher number of offspring. The emergence rate and proportion of female T. ostriniae parasitizing the eggs of T. absoluta was higher than that of the other two Trichogramma species, the rate of T. ostriniae offspring deformity was only 3.00%. In addition, T. ostriniae has shortest immature stage and the longest adult stage among the three species. In conclusion T. ostriniae can be a promising native biological control agent against T. absoluta in China.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2374
Daniele Bevacqua, Andrea Coppola, Renato Casagrandi
We explore the observed plasticity in Tuta absoluta age and size at pupation in response to water and nutrients scarcity. Using a minimal theoretical model, we demonstrate that the observed plasticity can be viewed as a strategic adaptation of individuals aimed at maximizing their reproductive output under stressful environmental conditions. T. absoluta plasticity is then found to align with expectations from fundamental principles of life history theory.
我们探讨了观察到的 Tuta absoluta 化蛹时年龄和体型的可塑性，以应对缺水和缺营养的情况。通过使用一个最小理论模型，我们证明所观察到的可塑性可被视为个体在压力环境条件下旨在最大化繁殖产出的一种策略性适应。我们发现，T. absoluta 的可塑性符合生活史理论基本原理的预期。
{"title":"Life history theory explains observed plasticity in Tuta absoluta age and size at pupation","authors":"Daniele Bevacqua, Andrea Coppola, Renato Casagrandi","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2374","url":null,"abstract":"We explore the observed plasticity in Tuta absoluta age and size at pupation in response to water and nutrients scarcity. Using a minimal theoretical model, we demonstrate that the observed plasticity can be viewed as a strategic adaptation of individuals aimed at maximizing their reproductive output under stressful environmental conditions. T. absoluta plasticity is then found to align with expectations from fundamental principles of life history theory.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140614311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2283
Hao Wang, Yu-Juan Gu, Rong-Rong Song, Chi Zhang, Wan-Xue Liu, Fang-Hao Wan, Nicolas Desneux, Gui-Fen Zhang, Yi-Bo Zhang
Tuta absoluta, a destructive tomato pest worldwide, has recently invaded China. Neochrysocharis formosa, a host-feeding parasitoid wasp, has thelytokous (TH) and arrhenotokous (AR) strains with sympatric distributions in many regions of China. To clarify the biocontrol potential of the two strains, we evaluated the host-killing behaviors on different instar larvae of T. absoluta and the life history traits of the two strains reared on T. absoluta. Our results showed that both strains can parasitize, feed and directly kill 1st to 3rd instar T. absoluta larvae. In contrast, in 4th instar larvae, both strains only kill larvae by host-stinging. When the 1st instar host was constantly provided, the TH strain showed significantly greater biocontrol potential than the AR strain. The former had higher fecundity (2.10-fold), killed more larval hosts (1.57-fold), survived longer (1.37-fold), and had more offspring (2.07-fold) that successfully emerged. In summary, the TH strain of N. formosa is a better candidate for biological control than the AR strain of T. absoluta. These results will play a pivotal role in building a biological control technology system for the notorious pest T. absoluta.
Tuta absoluta是一种世界性毁灭性番茄害虫，最近已入侵中国。以寄主为食的寄生蜂Neochrysocharis formosa在中国许多地区都有同域分布。为了明确这两株寄生蜂的生物防治潜力，我们评估了这两株寄生蜂对绝对蓟马不同龄幼虫的寄主杀伤行为以及在绝对蓟马上饲养的生活史特征。结果表明，两种菌株都能寄生、取食并直接杀死第一至第三龄的绝对拟尾柱虫幼虫。相反，在第四龄幼虫身上，两种菌株都只能通过寄主刺杀幼虫。在不断提供第一龄寄主的情况下，TH 菌株的生物控制潜力明显高于 AR 菌株。前者的繁殖力更高（2.10 倍），杀死的幼虫宿主更多（1.57 倍），存活时间更长（1.37 倍），成功萌发的后代更多（2.07 倍）。总之，与 T. absoluta 的 AR 菌株相比，N. formosa 的 TH 菌株更适合用于生物防治。这些结果将对建立针对臭名昭著的害虫 T. absoluta 的生物防治技术体系起到关键作用。
{"title":"Thelytokous strains have better biocontrol potential than arrhenotokous strains: the parasitoid Neochrysocharis formosa on the invasive tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta as a case study","authors":"Hao Wang, Yu-Juan Gu, Rong-Rong Song, Chi Zhang, Wan-Xue Liu, Fang-Hao Wan, Nicolas Desneux, Gui-Fen Zhang, Yi-Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2283","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta, a destructive tomato pest worldwide, has recently invaded China. Neochrysocharis formosa, a host-feeding parasitoid wasp, has thelytokous (TH) and arrhenotokous (AR) strains with sympatric distributions in many regions of China. To clarify the biocontrol potential of the two strains, we evaluated the host-killing behaviors on different instar larvae of T. absoluta and the life history traits of the two strains reared on T. absoluta. Our results showed that both strains can parasitize, feed and directly kill 1st to 3rd instar T. absoluta larvae. In contrast, in 4th instar larvae, both strains only kill larvae by host-stinging. When the 1st instar host was constantly provided, the TH strain showed significantly greater biocontrol potential than the AR strain. The former had higher fecundity (2.10-fold), killed more larval hosts (1.57-fold), survived longer (1.37-fold), and had more offspring (2.07-fold) that successfully emerged. In summary, the TH strain of N. formosa is a better candidate for biological control than the AR strain of T. absoluta. These results will play a pivotal role in building a biological control technology system for the notorious pest T. absoluta.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140584991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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