In nature, certain hosts are attacked by multiple species of parasitoid wasps. Despite sharing a common host, parasitoid wasps adopt different parasitic strategies and regulatory systems to manage the host. With the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda in China, many native parasitoid wasps have been investigated. Two larval endoparasitoid wasps, Microplitis manilae and Meteorus pulchricornis, are important natural enemies of the invasive pest FAW. However, the interactions of these two parasitoid wasps with FAWs are still largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome data of FAW after parasitization by Mi. manilae or Me. pulchricornis. Our analyses showed that the critical regulatory periods for the two parasitoid wasps were at 1, 3 and 7 days post parasitization (dpp) for Mi. manilae and 5 and 7 dpp for Me. pulchricornis. Besides the suppression of the host’s innate immune system, the two parasitic wasps have different effects on host metabolism and development. Mi. manilae influences the host’s growth and physiological conditions by inhibiting cuticle development and lipid metabolism, and facilitating carbohydrate metabolism. Alternatively, Me. pulchricornis has minimal impact on the host until the final stage. In conclusion, Mi. manilae has a sophisticated ‘regulatory’ strategy with considerable alterations in the host at each time point, while Me. pulchricornis likely adopts a ‘conformer’ approach, especially at the early parasitism stage. Our study lays a groundwork for future research and applications of these parasitoids in the biological control of FAW.
{"title":"Transcriptome analysis reveals divergent parasitic strategies between two larval endoparasitoids of Spodoptera frugiperda","authors":"Peng-Zhan Wang, Xiao-Han Shu, Yu-Si Chen, Li-Cheng Gu, Zhi-Wei Wu, Ruo-Fei Ma, Pu Tang, Zhi-Zhi Wang, Xue-Xin Chen","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2241","url":null,"abstract":"In nature, certain hosts are attacked by multiple species of parasitoid wasps. Despite sharing a common host, parasitoid wasps adopt different parasitic strategies and regulatory systems to manage the host. With the invasion of the fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda in China, many native parasitoid wasps have been investigated. Two larval endoparasitoid wasps, Microplitis manilae and Meteorus pulchricornis, are important natural enemies of the invasive pest FAW. However, the interactions of these two parasitoid wasps with FAWs are still largely unknown. In this study, we analysed the transcriptome data of FAW after parasitization by Mi. manilae or Me. pulchricornis. Our analyses showed that the critical regulatory periods for the two parasitoid wasps were at 1, 3 and 7 days post parasitization (dpp) for Mi. manilae and 5 and 7 dpp for Me. pulchricornis. Besides the suppression of the host’s innate immune system, the two parasitic wasps have different effects on host metabolism and development. Mi. manilae influences the host’s growth and physiological conditions by inhibiting cuticle development and lipid metabolism, and facilitating carbohydrate metabolism. Alternatively, Me. pulchricornis has minimal impact on the host until the final stage. In conclusion, Mi. manilae has a sophisticated ‘regulatory’ strategy with considerable alterations in the host at each time point, while Me. pulchricornis likely adopts a ‘conformer’ approach, especially at the early parasitism stage. Our study lays a groundwork for future research and applications of these parasitoids in the biological control of FAW.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597
Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma
Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.
{"title":"Scaphoideus titanus up-to-the-minute: biology, ecology, and role as a vector","authors":"Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2597","url":null,"abstract":"Native to the Nearctic region, Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) has become a major threat for grapevine production after being unintentionally introduced into Europe, where it became the main vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma, being mainly associated with the genus Vitis. Scaphoideus titanus is a highly efficient vector of the most important phytoplasma affecting grapevine. For this reason, compulsory insecticide treatments have been introduced against this pest in many European countries. Moreover, the continuous expansion of its geographical distribution makes this leafhopper a serious threat for several non-European Countries. In this article, we review the current knowledge about its taxonomy, morphology, biology, ecology, and its role as a vector. Finally, we point out the main challenges for research aimed at reducing S. titanus and flavescence dorée expansion across Europe and avoiding spread of the disease outside the Old World.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598
Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma
Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs against S. titanus.
{"title":"Scaphoideus titanus forecasting and management: quo vadis?","authors":"Elena Gonella, Giovanni Benelli, Nathalie Arricau-Bouvery, Domenico Bosco, Carlo Duso, Christopher H. Dietrich, Luciana Galetto, Attilio Rizzoli, Jelena Jović, Valerio Mazzoni, Nicola Mori, Rachele Nieri, Pio F. Roversi, Gudrun Strauss, Denis Thiéry, Valeria Trivellone, Meta Virant-Doberlet, Andrea Lucchi, Alberto Alma","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2598","url":null,"abstract":"Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is a major pest for European viticulture due to its high efficiency in the transmission of one of the most destructive pathogens for grapevine, namely flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. Although it plays a major role in spreading this disease, S. titanus is part of a complex epidemiological cycle involving several alternative vectors with variable relevance for phytoplasma spread. Here we provide an updated review on S. titanus monitoring and modelling, as well as the available tools for management of this pest and for limiting phytoplasma transmission and, thus, also spread. Insecticide-based control is examined; additional emphasis is placed on innovative and low-impact control approaches, such as vibrational mating disruption, biocontrol, and methods to reduce vector competence. We also discuss the main emerging challenges to the implementation of effective and sustainable control programs against S. titanus.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488
Yue Zhang, Jia-Peng Yang, Guy Smagghe, Dong-Dong Liu, Ren-Huai Dai, Hong Yang
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in insects are short peptides that play an important role in their innate defense system. The production of AMPs is typically induced by an infection of pathogenic microorganisms, but cold stress may also cause upregulation of insect AMP genes. However, little is known about the functions of AMPs in cold stress situations and the recovery afterwards. As most important results, in this project with Lasioderma serricorne that can tolerate long storage under cold conditions, we identified and investigated four AMP genes (LsAtt1, LsAtt3, LsCec and LsDef-like). We confirmed their anti-bactericide activity in in vitro assays and in RNAi assays. The cross treatments with cold stress showed that LsDef-like was upregulated under cold stress and its silencing caused a loss of survival. In contrast, the expression of the other three AMPs did not change, and their silencing prolonged the recovery time. We believe that our cross treatments, revealing an association between immune activation and cold stress with AMPs, will increase our basic understanding of the immune system and the “cross-talk” with cold resistance.
{"title":"Antimicrobial peptides play important roles in innate immunity and recovery from chill coma in Lasioderma serricorne","authors":"Yue Zhang, Jia-Peng Yang, Guy Smagghe, Dong-Dong Liu, Ren-Huai Dai, Hong Yang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2488","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in insects are short peptides that play an important role in their innate defense system. The production of AMPs is typically induced by an infection of pathogenic microorganisms, but cold stress may also cause upregulation of insect AMP genes. However, little is known about the functions of AMPs in cold stress situations and the recovery afterwards. As most important results, in this project with Lasioderma serricorne that can tolerate long storage under cold conditions, we identified and investigated four AMP genes (LsAtt1, LsAtt3, LsCec and LsDef-like). We confirmed their anti-bactericide activity in in vitro assays and in RNAi assays. The cross treatments with cold stress showed that LsDef-like was upregulated under cold stress and its silencing caused a loss of survival. In contrast, the expression of the other three AMPs did not change, and their silencing prolonged the recovery time. We believe that our cross treatments, revealing an association between immune activation and cold stress with AMPs, will increase our basic understanding of the immune system and the “cross-talk” with cold resistance.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315
Ke-Xin Zhang, Chun-Yan Lin, Hui-Ping Liu, Inzamam UI Haq, Peter Quandahor, Yu-Ping Gou, Chun-Chun Li, Ze-Yuan Yang, Chang-Zhong Liu
Abstract: Drought and aphids are the key abiotic and biotic stresses on potato, respectively. Understanding the adaptability of aphid populations on potato cultivars that exhibit contrasting drought-tolerance (hereafter as different potato cultivars) under drought conditions is key for developing effective aphid management strategies in the context of climate change. We assessed the adaptability of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on various potato cultivars under drought conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that drought reduced M. persicae adaptability in the three cultivars: Qingshu 9 (drought-tolerant), Longshu 3 (moderately drought-tolerant), and Atlantic (drought-susceptible). This was demonstrated by the longer developmental duration and total pre-reproductive period, lower adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity, shorter reproduction days, as well as the lower net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and population size under drought conditions. Under drought conditions, M. persicae pre-adult survival rate, proportion of female adults (Nf /N), and R 0 suffered a greater reduction on Qingshu 9. Population projection showed a 100-fold reduction of aphid population size on Qingshu 9 after 90 days. The findings suggest that drought increased the resistance of the drought-tolerant cultivar to the aphid. Based on the present findings, drought-tolerant cultivars are encouraged to plant in arid lands under drought conditions to increase potato resistance to aphids while maintaining their growth under drought conditions.
{"title":"Drought reduced the adaptability of Myzus persicae on drought-tolerant potato cultivars","authors":"Ke-Xin Zhang, Chun-Yan Lin, Hui-Ping Liu, Inzamam UI Haq, Peter Quandahor, Yu-Ping Gou, Chun-Chun Li, Ze-Yuan Yang, Chang-Zhong Liu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2315","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Drought and aphids are the key abiotic and biotic stresses on potato, respectively. Understanding the adaptability of aphid populations on potato cultivars that exhibit contrasting drought-tolerance (hereafter as different potato cultivars) under drought conditions is key for developing effective aphid management strategies in the context of climate change. We assessed the adaptability of the peach potato aphid, Myzus persicae, on various potato cultivars under drought conditions using the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. We found that drought reduced M. persicae adaptability in the three cultivars: Qingshu 9 (drought-tolerant), Longshu 3 (moderately drought-tolerant), and Atlantic (drought-susceptible). This was demonstrated by the longer developmental duration and total pre-reproductive period, lower adult longevity, survival rate, and fecundity, shorter reproduction days, as well as the lower net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and population size under drought conditions. Under drought conditions, M. persicae pre-adult survival rate, proportion of female adults (Nf /N), and R 0 suffered a greater reduction on Qingshu 9. Population projection showed a 100-fold reduction of aphid population size on Qingshu 9 after 90 days. The findings suggest that drought increased the resistance of the drought-tolerant cultivar to the aphid. Based on the present findings, drought-tolerant cultivars are encouraged to plant in arid lands under drought conditions to increase potato resistance to aphids while maintaining their growth under drought conditions.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2152
Jalal M. Fouani, Nik G. Wiman, Max Ragozzino, Ryan Paul, Vaughn Walton, Vincenzo Verrastro, Valerio Mazzoni, Gianfranco Anfora
In its native range, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a main egg parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae). Adventive populations of this parasitoid have been spreading in Europe and North America, allowing active distribution efforts in these areas to utilize it against H. halys in agriculture. We tested exposure of adults and parasitized egg masses to residues of a range of insecticides an adjuvant that the wasp could encounter in perennial horticultural crops, and how exposure might affect key behaviors. The insecticides included Burkholderia rinojensis, Methoxyfenozide, Sulfoxaflor, and Spinosad, and the adjuvant NuFilm®P. The lethal effects were investigated after exposure for 1, 6, and 24 hours to residues applied to Munger cells using a Potter spray tower to determine mortality levels. Sulfoxaflor and Spinosad resulted in 73% and 100% mortality after 24 hours at field rates, while Methoxyfenozide caused 19% mortality at the same rate. Little mortality occurred with Burkholderia rinojensis and NuFilm®P at recommended rates after 24 hours. Regarding sublethal effects, Spinosad, Sulfoxaflor, and Burkholderia rinojensis negatively impacted reproduction. Sulfoxaflor caused a lower angular velocity in parasitoids exposed to H. halys traces. Spinosad, Methoxyfenozide, and NuFilm®P induced a significantly lower overall circadian activity. Our results showed that precision timing of insecticide sprays to pests is necessary, especially for biocontrol programs that involve the release of parasitoids such as T. japonicus. Our results also illustrate how sensor data acquisition and behavioral analysis software can be utilized to detect important sublethal effects such as circadian disruption in minute parasitoids.
{"title":"Dose-response and sublethal effects from insecticide and adjuvant exposure on key behaviors of Trissolcus japonicus","authors":"Jalal M. Fouani, Nik G. Wiman, Max Ragozzino, Ryan Paul, Vaughn Walton, Vincenzo Verrastro, Valerio Mazzoni, Gianfranco Anfora","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2152","url":null,"abstract":"In its native range, Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is a main egg parasitoid of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera; Pentatomidae). Adventive populations of this parasitoid have been spreading in Europe and North America, allowing active distribution efforts in these areas to utilize it against H. halys in agriculture. We tested exposure of adults and parasitized egg masses to residues of a range of insecticides an adjuvant that the wasp could encounter in perennial horticultural crops, and how exposure might affect key behaviors. The insecticides included Burkholderia rinojensis, Methoxyfenozide, Sulfoxaflor, and Spinosad, and the adjuvant NuFilm®P. The lethal effects were investigated after exposure for 1, 6, and 24 hours to residues applied to Munger cells using a Potter spray tower to determine mortality levels. Sulfoxaflor and Spinosad resulted in 73% and 100% mortality after 24 hours at field rates, while Methoxyfenozide caused 19% mortality at the same rate. Little mortality occurred with Burkholderia rinojensis and NuFilm®P at recommended rates after 24 hours. Regarding sublethal effects, Spinosad, Sulfoxaflor, and Burkholderia rinojensis negatively impacted reproduction. Sulfoxaflor caused a lower angular velocity in parasitoids exposed to H. halys traces. Spinosad, Methoxyfenozide, and NuFilm®P induced a significantly lower overall circadian activity. Our results showed that precision timing of insecticide sprays to pests is necessary, especially for biocontrol programs that involve the release of parasitoids such as T. japonicus. Our results also illustrate how sensor data acquisition and behavioral analysis software can be utilized to detect important sublethal effects such as circadian disruption in minute parasitoids.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"366 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2433
Zhen Li, Kai Li, Yuqiang Xi, Zhenya Li, Xiang Li, Jizhen Wei, Shiheng An, Xinming Yin
Beta-cypermethrin is a commonly used insecticide for controlling major agricultural pests as Helicoverpa armigera in crop fields. This study investigated the sublethal effect of beta-cypermethrin on the mating physiology of H. armigera. The results demonstrated that the sublethal exposure to beta-cypermethrin significantly decreased sex pheromone production, hindered female ability to attract males and reduced the proportion of successful matings. Further investigations revealed that trehalose content in the sex pheromone glands (PGs) significantly decreased following sublethal beta-cypermethrin treatment, leading to a subsequent decrease of acetyl-CoA content within the PGs. Furthermore, such exposure caused a significant decrease in mRNA expression levels of the trehalose transporter, calcineurin (CaN), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), protein kinase A (PKA), pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBANR), Δ11-desaturase (DES) and fatty acid reductase 2 (FAR2), as well as a decrease in the enzyme activities of membrane-bound trehalase, ACC, CaN and PKA. Sublethal exposure lowered the expression levels of pheromone binding protein 1, pheromone binding protein 2 and odorant receptor 13 in males, suggesting decreased male recognition capabilities. Altogether, sublethal exposure to beta-cypermethrin resulted in a decrease in the precursor material (trehalose, acetyl-CoA) and enzyme activities involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis, This, in turn, led to reduced pheromone production and female attractiveness, as well as diminished male detection abilities, ultimately resulted in a lowered likelihood of successful mating. This study enhances knowledge on how sublethal pesticide exposure affects pest biology and their mechanisms of action, providing a basis for including such impact in pest management strategies.
{"title":"Sublethal concentration of beta-cypermethrin results in the mating failure of Helicoverpa armigera by inhibiting sex pheromone biosynthesis","authors":"Zhen Li, Kai Li, Yuqiang Xi, Zhenya Li, Xiang Li, Jizhen Wei, Shiheng An, Xinming Yin","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2433","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-cypermethrin is a commonly used insecticide for controlling major agricultural pests as Helicoverpa armigera in crop fields. This study investigated the sublethal effect of beta-cypermethrin on the mating physiology of H. armigera. The results demonstrated that the sublethal exposure to beta-cypermethrin significantly decreased sex pheromone production, hindered female ability to attract males and reduced the proportion of successful matings. Further investigations revealed that trehalose content in the sex pheromone glands (PGs) significantly decreased following sublethal beta-cypermethrin treatment, leading to a subsequent decrease of acetyl-CoA content within the PGs. Furthermore, such exposure caused a significant decrease in mRNA expression levels of the trehalose transporter, calcineurin (CaN), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC), protein kinase A (PKA), pheromone biosynthesis-activating neuropeptide receptor (PBANR), Δ11-desaturase (DES) and fatty acid reductase 2 (FAR2), as well as a decrease in the enzyme activities of membrane-bound trehalase, ACC, CaN and PKA. Sublethal exposure lowered the expression levels of pheromone binding protein 1, pheromone binding protein 2 and odorant receptor 13 in males, suggesting decreased male recognition capabilities. Altogether, sublethal exposure to beta-cypermethrin resulted in a decrease in the precursor material (trehalose, acetyl-CoA) and enzyme activities involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis, This, in turn, led to reduced pheromone production and female attractiveness, as well as diminished male detection abilities, ultimately resulted in a lowered likelihood of successful mating. This study enhances knowledge on how sublethal pesticide exposure affects pest biology and their mechanisms of action, providing a basis for including such impact in pest management strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"214 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2023/2320
Xiang Zhang, Zhaoke Dong, Qiong Wu, Vesna Gagic, Željko Tomanovic, Myron P. Zalucki, Zhaozhi Lu
Understanding how landscape composition and configuration drive the dynamics of pests and their various natural enemies is crucial to enhance biological control services (biocontrol). Geographic variability in landscape effects prompts questions about whether this is due to genuine differences or methodological differences among studies, given that most studies are conducted in a single region. This study investigated how the ecological function of parasitoids and predators responds to landscape traits in three regions encompassing an agriculture intensification gradient. The effects of landscape structure and configuration differed among regions and natural enemies. Non-crop habitats increased the abundance of parasitoids only in two less intensified regions presumably due to insufficient amount of non-crop habitats in the intensified region (typically < 10%). Nevertheless, their biological control efficiency (BCE) was consistently increased by non-crop habitats across regions. Higher maize proportion increased predator abundance and their BCE in the two non-mountainous regions. The value of maize as a source habitat for predators may have been limited in the mountainous region due to the lower aphid abundances there. Edge density positively affected abundances of predators and parasitoids, but only positively increased the BCE of all natural enemies combined. Inconsistent regional responses to the same landscape variables suggest that a uniform integrated pest management strategy for alfalfa is impractical. However, increasing edge density should be a useful first step for supporting diverse natural enemy communities and their biocontrol potential.
{"title":"Landscape structure and composition affect aphid biological control in alfalfa fields, but regional differences prevail","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Zhaoke Dong, Qiong Wu, Vesna Gagic, Željko Tomanovic, Myron P. Zalucki, Zhaozhi Lu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2023/2320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2023/2320","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how landscape composition and configuration drive the dynamics of pests and their various natural enemies is crucial to enhance biological control services (biocontrol). Geographic variability in landscape effects prompts questions about whether this is due to genuine differences or methodological differences among studies, given that most studies are conducted in a single region. This study investigated how the ecological function of parasitoids and predators responds to landscape traits in three regions encompassing an agriculture intensification gradient. The effects of landscape structure and configuration differed among regions and natural enemies. Non-crop habitats increased the abundance of parasitoids only in two less intensified regions presumably due to insufficient amount of non-crop habitats in the intensified region (typically < 10%). Nevertheless, their biological control efficiency (BCE) was consistently increased by non-crop habitats across regions. Higher maize proportion increased predator abundance and their BCE in the two non-mountainous regions. The value of maize as a source habitat for predators may have been limited in the mountainous region due to the lower aphid abundances there. Edge density positively affected abundances of predators and parasitoids, but only positively increased the BCE of all natural enemies combined. Inconsistent regional responses to the same landscape variables suggest that a uniform integrated pest management strategy for alfalfa is impractical. However, increasing edge density should be a useful first step for supporting diverse natural enemy communities and their biocontrol potential.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2416
Linhong Li, Tianxin Guo, Bin Zhu, Pei Liang
Lepidopteran pests are destructive pests and have evolved significant resistance to many insecticides. Alternative green control strategies are urgently needed. Our previous research had revealed that overexpression or knockdown of a Plutella xylostella microRNA, pxy-miR-34-5p, could lead to high mortality and severe developmental defects in multiple lepidopteran pests, thus has great potential in lepidopteran pests control. Here, pxy-miR-34-5p was successfully expressed in cruciferous plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica campestris. Feeding on leaves of transgenic miR-34-5p rape significantly reduced the expression of ecdysone receptor gene PxEcR of P. xylostella by 56.8–70.2%. Bioassays results demonstrated that compared to that of the larvae fed on wild type Arabidopsis, the accumulated mortalities of P. xylostella fed on transgenic miR-34-5p Arabidopsis were significantly increased by 34.9%–52.0%. After feeding on transgenic miR-34-5p rape leaves for four to six days, the highest accumulated corrected mortalities of P. xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua larvae reached 100.0%, 94.1%, and 100.0%, respectively. These results indicated that insect microRNAs can be used to control multiple target pests by constructing transgenic crops, which lays an important foundation for the further development of miRNA-based green pest control strategies.
{"title":"Host plants expressing pxy-miR-34-5p demonstrate high efficacy against multiple lepidopterous pests","authors":"Linhong Li, Tianxin Guo, Bin Zhu, Pei Liang","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2416","url":null,"abstract":"Lepidopteran pests are destructive pests and have evolved significant resistance to many insecticides. Alternative green control strategies are urgently needed. Our previous research had revealed that overexpression or knockdown of a Plutella xylostella microRNA, pxy-miR-34-5p, could lead to high mortality and severe developmental defects in multiple lepidopteran pests, thus has great potential in lepidopteran pests control. Here, pxy-miR-34-5p was successfully expressed in cruciferous plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica campestris. Feeding on leaves of transgenic miR-34-5p rape significantly reduced the expression of ecdysone receptor gene PxEcR of P. xylostella by 56.8–70.2%. Bioassays results demonstrated that compared to that of the larvae fed on wild type Arabidopsis, the accumulated mortalities of P. xylostella fed on transgenic miR-34-5p Arabidopsis were significantly increased by 34.9%–52.0%. After feeding on transgenic miR-34-5p rape leaves for four to six days, the highest accumulated corrected mortalities of P. xylostella, Spodoptera frugiperda and Spodoptera exigua larvae reached 100.0%, 94.1%, and 100.0%, respectively. These results indicated that insect microRNAs can be used to control multiple target pests by constructing transgenic crops, which lays an important foundation for the further development of miRNA-based green pest control strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141567278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-04DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2451
Zhou Chuanming, Zhou Junyong, Wu Yujie, Zhou Shaojie, He Nana, Yang Weikang, Hao Yuyan, Sun Qibao, Wei Liu
Abstract: Drosophila suzukii is notoriously a pest that causes serious damage to soft-skinned fruits. However, the management of this key pest currently relies on chemical insecticides that seriously cause pest resistance and environmental hazards. In the present study we reported the potential of Artemisia argyi (mugwort) essential oil to act as deterrent for D. suzukii oviposition. First, we identified that eucalyptol of mugwort essential oil efficiently induced the oviposition avoidance of D. suzukii. Second, the ovipositional aversion to eucalyptol was mediated by the activation of olfactory neurons in adult. Moreover, we found that eucalyptol potentially arrested the development of the fly progeny and impaired the survival and lifespan of flies through intestinal dysplasia. Finally, the result of field trials showed that mugwort essential oil had a deterrent effect on vineyard flies. Overall, our findings show that eucalyptol potentially acted as a biological control agent against D. suzukii by deterring oviposition, highlighting fundamental concepts of integrated pest management programs against D. suzukii.
{"title":"Mugwort essential oil and its major constituent, eucalyptol, elicits oviposition avoidance of Drosophila suzukii","authors":"Zhou Chuanming, Zhou Junyong, Wu Yujie, Zhou Shaojie, He Nana, Yang Weikang, Hao Yuyan, Sun Qibao, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2451","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Drosophila suzukii is notoriously a pest that causes serious damage to soft-skinned fruits. However, the management of this key pest currently relies on chemical insecticides that seriously cause pest resistance and environmental hazards. In the present study we reported the potential of Artemisia argyi (mugwort) essential oil to act as deterrent for D. suzukii oviposition. First, we identified that eucalyptol of mugwort essential oil efficiently induced the oviposition avoidance of D. suzukii. Second, the ovipositional aversion to eucalyptol was mediated by the activation of olfactory neurons in adult. Moreover, we found that eucalyptol potentially arrested the development of the fly progeny and impaired the survival and lifespan of flies through intestinal dysplasia. Finally, the result of field trials showed that mugwort essential oil had a deterrent effect on vineyard flies. Overall, our findings show that eucalyptol potentially acted as a biological control agent against D. suzukii by deterring oviposition, highlighting fundamental concepts of integrated pest management programs against D. suzukii.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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