Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2290
Tian Zeng, Babar Hassan, Muhammad Shakeel, Daifeng Cheng, Markus Riegler, Fan Yang, Qian Xiao, Qiuying Jiang, Siqi Chen, Dongdong Ning, Meihong Ni, Yongyue Lu, Yijuan Xu
Insect gut microbial communities are recognized as important factors facilitating insect adaptation to host plant defenses. However, the impact of co-evolution with host plants on insects’ reliance on their gut bacterial communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we first showed a decrease in fitness for Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Zeugodacus tau, and Bactrocera correcta after eliminating their gut microbes, but only when they were fed on non-preferred hosts; no significant fitness changes were observed on preferred hosts. Furthermore, after a simulated adaptation period with bitter melon feeding, Z. cucurbitae larvae, whether axenic, symbiotic, or gnotobiotic, exhibited comparable fitness levels. In contrast, axenic larvae of B. dorsalis continued to display reduced fitness compared to their symbiotic and gnotobiotic counterparts. Our findings also revealed that bacterial removal altered gene expression patterns in B. dorsalis, indicating deficiencies in nutrient acquisition, assimilation, immunity, and detoxification processes, whereas these changes were less pronounced in Z. cucurbitae. Additionally, our experiments demonstrated that, unlike Z. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis relies on its intestinal flora to significantly detoxify bitter melon toxins. These results suggest that Z. cucurbitae may have developed microbe-independent strategies, such as genetically encoded detoxification or tolerance mechanisms, to cope with toxic host challenges.
{"title":"Adaptation to host plants modulates the dependence of tephritid fruit flies on their gut bacterial communities","authors":"Tian Zeng, Babar Hassan, Muhammad Shakeel, Daifeng Cheng, Markus Riegler, Fan Yang, Qian Xiao, Qiuying Jiang, Siqi Chen, Dongdong Ning, Meihong Ni, Yongyue Lu, Yijuan Xu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2290","url":null,"abstract":"Insect gut microbial communities are recognized as important factors facilitating insect adaptation to host plant defenses. However, the impact of co-evolution with host plants on insects’ reliance on their gut bacterial communities remains poorly understood. In this study, we first showed a decrease in fitness for Bactrocera dorsalis, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Zeugodacus tau, and Bactrocera correcta after eliminating their gut microbes, but only when they were fed on non-preferred hosts; no significant fitness changes were observed on preferred hosts. Furthermore, after a simulated adaptation period with bitter melon feeding, Z. cucurbitae larvae, whether axenic, symbiotic, or gnotobiotic, exhibited comparable fitness levels. In contrast, axenic larvae of B. dorsalis continued to display reduced fitness compared to their symbiotic and gnotobiotic counterparts. Our findings also revealed that bacterial removal altered gene expression patterns in B. dorsalis, indicating deficiencies in nutrient acquisition, assimilation, immunity, and detoxification processes, whereas these changes were less pronounced in Z. cucurbitae. Additionally, our experiments demonstrated that, unlike Z. cucurbitae, B. dorsalis relies on its intestinal flora to significantly detoxify bitter melon toxins. These results suggest that Z. cucurbitae may have developed microbe-independent strategies, such as genetically encoded detoxification or tolerance mechanisms, to cope with toxic host challenges.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2498
Lei Wang, Nemat O. Keyhani, Yuxian Xia, Jiaqin Xie
Agricultural productivity is frequently threatened by a range of insect pests and pathogens that cause damage to crops. The use of chemical insecticides for control has raised concerns due to negative environmental effects, potential risks to animal and human health, and the emergence of insecticide resistance. Such issues pose threats to the future crop generations. To address these challenges, the application of biological control agents, particularly fungal insect pathogens, has shown promise in effectively managing crop pests and disease vectors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in harnessing the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) for insect pest management. These advancements encompass the discovery and characterization of new fungal isolates, a better understanding their ecological effects in plants, integration of fungal agents within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, and improvements in their efficacy, formulation, and range of applications. Efforts to overcome limitations in the use of EF under natural conditions and for large-scale applications have also yielded substantial advancements. Here, we provide an overview of recent successes achieved using EF as biocontrol agents, while also addressing their continued limitations, identifying promising areas for further research and challenges associated with utilizing EF. Progress in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of biocontrol methods using EF has led to important breakthroughs. These advancements have the potential to improve food security and safety while reducing adverse environmental impacts associated with pests.
农业生产率经常受到一系列害虫和病原体的威胁，这些害虫和病原体会对农作物造成损害。由于化学杀虫剂对环境的负面影响、对动物和人类健康的潜在风险以及杀虫剂抗药性的出现，使用化学杀虫剂进行防治已引起人们的关注。这些问题对未来的作物世代构成了威胁。为应对这些挑战，应用生物防治制剂，特别是真菌昆虫病原体，在有效控制作物害虫和病媒方面已显示出前景。近年来，在利用昆虫病原真菌（EF）的潜力进行害虫管理方面取得了重大进展。这些进展包括发现新的真菌分离物并确定其特征，更好地了解其在植物中的生态效应，将真菌制剂纳入虫害综合防治（IPM）战略，以及改进其功效、配方和应用范围。为克服在自然条件下和大规模应用中使用 EF 的局限性所做的努力也取得了重大进展。在此，我们概述了最近将 EF 用作生物控制剂所取得的成功，同时也探讨了其持续存在的局限性，确定了有希望进一步研究的领域以及与使用 EF 相关的挑战。在提高使用 EF 的生物防治方法的安全性和有效性方面取得的进展带来了重要突破。这些进展有可能改善粮食安全和食品安全，同时减少害虫对环境的不利影响。
{"title":"The potential and limitations of entomopathogenic fungi as biocontrol agents for insect pest management","authors":"Lei Wang, Nemat O. Keyhani, Yuxian Xia, Jiaqin Xie","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2498","url":null,"abstract":"Agricultural productivity is frequently threatened by a range of insect pests and pathogens that cause damage to crops. The use of chemical insecticides for control has raised concerns due to negative environmental effects, potential risks to animal and human health, and the emergence of insecticide resistance. Such issues pose threats to the future crop generations. To address these challenges, the application of biological control agents, particularly fungal insect pathogens, has shown promise in effectively managing crop pests and disease vectors. In recent years, significant progress has been made in harnessing the potential of entomopathogenic fungi (EF) for insect pest management. These advancements encompass the discovery and characterization of new fungal isolates, a better understanding their ecological effects in plants, integration of fungal agents within Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies, and improvements in their efficacy, formulation, and range of applications. Efforts to overcome limitations in the use of EF under natural conditions and for large-scale applications have also yielded substantial advancements. Here, we provide an overview of recent successes achieved using EF as biocontrol agents, while also addressing their continued limitations, identifying promising areas for further research and challenges associated with utilizing EF. Progress in enhancing the safety and effectiveness of biocontrol methods using EF has led to important breakthroughs. These advancements have the potential to improve food security and safety while reducing adverse environmental impacts associated with pests.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2605
Ling-Hong Lin, Meng-Zhu Shi, Hsin Chi, Ali Güncan, Mehmet Salih Özgökçe, Remzi Atlihan, Jian-Yu Li, Li-Zhen Zheng, Elahe Rostami, Jian-Wei Fu
The life table data of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink reared on potato tubers and papaya fruit were collected and analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The preadult survival rate (sa = 0.61) and female adult longevity (28.6 d) on papaya fruit were significantly higher than in individuals reared on potato tubers (sa = 0.38 and 18.8 d). The female adult longevity was significantly longer than it was in male adults on both hosts. The net reproductive rate (R 0 = 206.72 offspring/individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1745 d-1) and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1912 d-1) of P. marginatus were significantly higher on papaya fruit than they were on potato tubers (R 0 = 37.29 offspring/individual, r = 0.1138 d-1, λ = 1.1221 d-1). Population projection indicated that the total population size of P. marginatus on papaya fruit could reach 146,826 individuals after 60 days, while the total population size of P. marginatus on potato tubers would only be 3,619 individuals. This study showed that P. marginatus had a higher fitness on papaya fruit than on potato tubers. We also discuss an innovative method for applying the multinomial theorem in demographic analysis based on the multinomial coefficients and individual compositions. To facilitate the application of the multinomial theorem in life table research including both fertile and infertile bootstrap samples, we calculated the exact multinomial coefficients for all possible individual compositions. A file for a sample size of 15 individuals (file size 4.07 GB) is made available for public access at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11257789.
{"title":"Demographic characteristics of Paracoccus marginatus on papaya fruit and potato tubers with an innovative method for efficient application of the multinomial theorem in demographic research","authors":"Ling-Hong Lin, Meng-Zhu Shi, Hsin Chi, Ali Güncan, Mehmet Salih Özgökçe, Remzi Atlihan, Jian-Yu Li, Li-Zhen Zheng, Elahe Rostami, Jian-Wei Fu","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2605","url":null,"abstract":"The life table data of Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink reared on potato tubers and papaya fruit were collected and analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. The preadult survival rate (sa = 0.61) and female adult longevity (28.6 d) on papaya fruit were significantly higher than in individuals reared on potato tubers (sa = 0.38 and 18.8 d). The female adult longevity was significantly longer than it was in male adults on both hosts. The net reproductive rate (R 0 = 206.72 offspring/individual), intrinsic rate of increase (r = 0.1745 d-1) and finite rate of increase (λ = 1.1912 d-1) of P. marginatus were significantly higher on papaya fruit than they were on potato tubers (R 0 = 37.29 offspring/individual, r = 0.1138 d-1, λ = 1.1221 d-1). Population projection indicated that the total population size of P. marginatus on papaya fruit could reach 146,826 individuals after 60 days, while the total population size of P. marginatus on potato tubers would only be 3,619 individuals. This study showed that P. marginatus had a higher fitness on papaya fruit than on potato tubers. We also discuss an innovative method for applying the multinomial theorem in demographic analysis based on the multinomial coefficients and individual compositions. To facilitate the application of the multinomial theorem in life table research including both fertile and infertile bootstrap samples, we calculated the exact multinomial coefficients for all possible individual compositions. A file for a sample size of 15 individuals (file size 4.07 GB) is made available for public access at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11257789.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The life table and leaf consumption data of the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) reared on three cultivated maize varieties, sweet maize (SMJ), waxy maize (WMJ), and silage maize (SMT) were collected and analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The highest net consumption rate (C 0), net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and finite consumption rate (ω) were observed on SMJ (C 0 = 155 cm2, R 0 = 211.1 offspring, r = 0.1494 d-1, λ = 1.1611 d-1, and ω = 2.809). The lowest population parameter values were observed on SMT (C 0 = 122 cm2, R 0 = 135.5 offspring, r = 0.1336 d-1, λ = 1.1429 d-1, and ω = 2.625). The instar-net consumption rates can be described using geometric regression with a 3-fold increase rate from one stage to the next. Because the susceptibility of maize plants to pest damage varies with their growth stage, it is necessary to set separate economic thresholds for pest management at the seedling, bell, and heading stages. In this study, we demonstrated that the life table data, stage-specific leaf consumption, and stage structure could be successfully integrated using computer simulation to obtain optimal timing of pest management procedures. Consolidating these separate data sets is crucial in formulating a sound ecological and economic integrated pest management strategy to control S. frugiperda.
{"title":"Linking life table and consumption rate of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda reared on different maize cultivars","authors":"Junjiao Lu, Mengmeng Zhuang, Jiamin Long, Xiaoling Jiang, Yunxi Zhang, Meifeng Ren, Daqi Li, Biao Zhang, Yupeng Wu, Guoping Li, Hsin Chi","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2492","url":null,"abstract":"The life table and leaf consumption data of the fall armyworm (FAW) (Spodoptera frugiperda) reared on three cultivated maize varieties, sweet maize (SMJ), waxy maize (WMJ), and silage maize (SMT) were collected and analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table procedure. The highest net consumption rate (C 0), net reproductive rate (R 0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and finite consumption rate (ω) were observed on SMJ (C 0 = 155 cm2, R 0 = 211.1 offspring, r = 0.1494 d-1, λ = 1.1611 d-1, and ω = 2.809). The lowest population parameter values were observed on SMT (C 0 = 122 cm2, R 0 = 135.5 offspring, r = 0.1336 d-1, λ = 1.1429 d-1, and ω = 2.625). The instar-net consumption rates can be described using geometric regression with a 3-fold increase rate from one stage to the next. Because the susceptibility of maize plants to pest damage varies with their growth stage, it is necessary to set separate economic thresholds for pest management at the seedling, bell, and heading stages. In this study, we demonstrated that the life table data, stage-specific leaf consumption, and stage structure could be successfully integrated using computer simulation to obtain optimal timing of pest management procedures. Consolidating these separate data sets is crucial in formulating a sound ecological and economic integrated pest management strategy to control S. frugiperda.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-15DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2360
Jorge Víctor Maurice-Lira, Jesús Romero-Nápoles, Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato, Karla Yolanda Flores-Maldonado, Jesús Pérez-Moreno, Ariel Wilbert Guzmán-Franco, Héctor González-Hernández
The review discuss how microbial metabolism in stingless bees contributes to their survival. Eight specific functions that support the survival of stingless bees were identified: (1) nutrient assimilation in larvae; (2) assimilation of nutrients in imagoes; (3) hormone synthesis; (4) food production; (5) food preservation; (6) resistance and resilience to pollution; (7) resistance to detriment of floral diversity; and (8) protection against pathogens. These specific functions are grouped within two general processes: (a) bee development and nutrition, and (b) colony protection. Elucidating the functions of the microbiota in stingless bees can optimize strategies to enhance their resilience against climate change, global warming, and ecosystem degradation. However, it is important to point out that in general the microbiota associated with stingless bees has been scarcely explored as a genetic reservoir of microorganisms with biotechnological potential.
{"title":"The microbiota of stingless bees: adaptive advantages in their development, feeding, and protection","authors":"Jorge Víctor Maurice-Lira, Jesús Romero-Nápoles, Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato, Karla Yolanda Flores-Maldonado, Jesús Pérez-Moreno, Ariel Wilbert Guzmán-Franco, Héctor González-Hernández","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2360","url":null,"abstract":"The review discuss how microbial metabolism in stingless bees contributes to their survival. Eight specific functions that support the survival of stingless bees were identified: (1) nutrient assimilation in larvae; (2) assimilation of nutrients in imagoes; (3) hormone synthesis; (4) food production; (5) food preservation; (6) resistance and resilience to pollution; (7) resistance to detriment of floral diversity; and (8) protection against pathogens. These specific functions are grouped within two general processes: (a) bee development and nutrition, and (b) colony protection. Elucidating the functions of the microbiota in stingless bees can optimize strategies to enhance their resilience against climate change, global warming, and ecosystem degradation. However, it is important to point out that in general the microbiota associated with stingless bees has been scarcely explored as a genetic reservoir of microorganisms with biotechnological potential.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In agricultural fields where many viruses are prevalent, plants are commonly coinfected with multiple viruses. Whiteflies, vectors of plant viruses, can acquire two viruses by probing on two infected plants sequentially or on a coinfected plant. Although the coingestion of two viruses by a common vector is supposed to influence vector transmission and virus epidemiology, these effects still require more comprehensive research. In this study, we investigated the impact of coingesting two begomoviruses on virus infection in Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1). Whiteflies underwent two successive acquisition access periods through feeding on plants infected with tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTV), tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), or both. The amounts of virus in the midgut, hemolymph, primary salivary glands (PSGs), and saliva of the whiteflies were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transmission assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of coingesting ToLCTV and TYLCTHV on the whitefly-mediated transmission of both viruses. Our results revealed that the preingestion of TYLCTHV was antagonistic to the infection of ToLCTV in the whitefly midgut. Regardless of the ingestion sequence, the amounts of TYLCTHV in the midgut, hemolymph, PSGs, and saliva of whitefly, as well as its transmission rate, were higher than those of ToLCTV. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate interactions between two tomato begomoviruses (ToLCTV and TYLCTHV) within B. tabaci and improves our understanding of the complex tripartite interplay involving virus–virus–vector relationships and the implications for plant virus transmission.
{"title":"Impacts of coingesting two tomato-infecting begomoviruses on virus infection in Bemisia tabaci and vector transmission","authors":"Wei-Hua Li, Sushanthi Poovendhan, De-Fen Mou, Wen-Shi Tsai, Chi-Wei Tsai","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2520","url":null,"abstract":"In agricultural fields where many viruses are prevalent, plants are commonly coinfected with multiple viruses. Whiteflies, vectors of plant viruses, can acquire two viruses by probing on two infected plants sequentially or on a coinfected plant. Although the coingestion of two viruses by a common vector is supposed to influence vector transmission and virus epidemiology, these effects still require more comprehensive research. In this study, we investigated the impact of coingesting two begomoviruses on virus infection in Bemisia tabaci Middle East–Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1). Whiteflies underwent two successive acquisition access periods through feeding on plants infected with tomato leaf curl Taiwan virus (ToLCTV), tomato yellow leaf curl Thailand virus (TYLCTHV), or both. The amounts of virus in the midgut, hemolymph, primary salivary glands (PSGs), and saliva of the whiteflies were determined through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Transmission assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of coingesting ToLCTV and TYLCTHV on the whitefly-mediated transmission of both viruses. Our results revealed that the preingestion of TYLCTHV was antagonistic to the infection of ToLCTV in the whitefly midgut. Regardless of the ingestion sequence, the amounts of TYLCTHV in the midgut, hemolymph, PSGs, and saliva of whitefly, as well as its transmission rate, were higher than those of ToLCTV. This study provides valuable insights into the intricate interactions between two tomato begomoviruses (ToLCTV and TYLCTHV) within B. tabaci and improves our understanding of the complex tripartite interplay involving virus–virus–vector relationships and the implications for plant virus transmission.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last two decades there has been growing recognition of the importance of Allee effects in population dynamics and applied ecology. The Allee effect, that is decreased fitness at lower population densities, has been recognized as potentially playing an important role in the conservation of endangered species, in the practice of biological control, and the eradication of invasive species. Although a number of theoretical studies have been devoted to the role of Allee effects in the population dynamics of insects and other terrestrial arthropods, experimental evidence documenting Allee effects is still scarce. Here, we reviewed the literature reporting on density-dependent relationships in low-density populations and conducted a meta-analysis of 191 case studies to identify the occurrence of Allee effects and associated species traits. Allee effects are not rare in terrestrial arthropods, as they were reported in 47% of the cases we reviewed, comprising 46 out of 68 species. Ample examples exist for both demographic Allee effects (28 out of 74 cases cases), and component Allee effects (61 out of 117 cases). Insufficient mating success, cooperative feeding, and enemy escape were the three main mechanisms associated with Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods. Insufficient reproductive success was the mechanism with the highest proportion of related Allee effects (71%). Voltinism and host specialization were common species traits behind demographic Allee effects. Host specialists with univoltine life cycles tended to have stronger Allee effects. The high frequency of Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods reported here and the identified mechanisms behind them have important implications for the selection of management strategies.
{"title":"Widespread experimental evidence of Allee effects in insects: a meta-analysis","authors":"Manuela Branco, Théo Dokhelar, Eckehar.G. Brockerhoff, Andre.M. Liebhold, Hervé Jactel","doi":"10.1127/entomologia/2024/2377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2024/2377","url":null,"abstract":"During the last two decades there has been growing recognition of the importance of Allee effects in population dynamics and applied ecology. The Allee effect, that is decreased fitness at lower population densities, has been recognized as potentially playing an important role in the conservation of endangered species, in the practice of biological control, and the eradication of invasive species. Although a number of theoretical studies have been devoted to the role of Allee effects in the population dynamics of insects and other terrestrial arthropods, experimental evidence documenting Allee effects is still scarce. Here, we reviewed the literature reporting on density-dependent relationships in low-density populations and conducted a meta-analysis of 191 case studies to identify the occurrence of Allee effects and associated species traits. Allee effects are not rare in terrestrial arthropods, as they were reported in 47% of the cases we reviewed, comprising 46 out of 68 species. Ample examples exist for both demographic Allee effects (28 out of 74 cases cases), and component Allee effects (61 out of 117 cases). Insufficient mating success, cooperative feeding, and enemy escape were the three main mechanisms associated with Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods. Insufficient reproductive success was the mechanism with the highest proportion of related Allee effects (71%). Voltinism and host specialization were common species traits behind demographic Allee effects. Host specialists with univoltine life cycles tended to have stronger Allee effects. The high frequency of Allee effects in terrestrial arthropods reported here and the identified mechanisms behind them have important implications for the selection of management strategies.","PeriodicalId":11728,"journal":{"name":"Entomologia Generalis","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-07DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2528
Gengping Zhu, Javier Gutierrez Illan, Ann E. Hajek, Anne L. Nielsen, Tracy C. Leskey, James F. Walgenbach, Elizabeth H. Beers, David W. Crowder
Biological control is often a key component of management strategies for invasive species. Yet, the effectiveness of biological control can be limited by a poor understanding of natural enemy ecology. To overcome this, habitat suitability models can predict distributions of invasive species and identify areas of potential overlap between invaders and natural enemies to guide biological control. Here we used data from a coordinated national monitoring network and a novel modeling method that incorporates physiology into correlative niche models to predict potential distributions of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys, and two natural enemies (a parasitoid, Trissolcus japonicus, and a microsporidian, Nosema maddoxi) in current and future climates (2070s). We show all three species have broad similarity in habitat suitability, with especially high overlap in the mid-Atlantic and southeastern US where H. halys populations were first established. Each species will likely expand their range across the northern US in the future, but the overlap between species may decrease. In much of the central and southeastern US, H. halys may decrease its range over time, although natural enemies may be less impacted, and overlap between species may increase. Our study shows that biological control provided by T. japonicus and N. maddoxi could be key for managing H. halys given their overlapping niches, and our models can aid in delineating areas where biocontrol may be most effective. Our method of linking field data with correlative niche models can also be used for other insects.
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Pub Date : 2024-07-29DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2731
Denis Thiery, Karine Monceau
This paper is an editorial to Entomologia Generalis 44/3.
本文是《昆虫学总论》44/3 的社论。
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Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1127/entomologia/2024/2464
Xingkai Guo, Lisheng Zhang, Mengqing Wang, Yuyan Li, Zhongjian Shen, Tony Nolan, Jianjun Mao
Chemical insecticides and natural enemies are important components of integrated pest management (IPM) and are usually incompatible in the field environment. The ladybird beetle Coccinella septempunctata is a generalist predator of aphids worldwide. However, its field application is seriously restricted because it is highly susceptible to insecticides. Here, we constructed CRISPR/Cas9-edited C. septempunctata harboring mutations in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α subunit (nAChRα). The C. septempunctata nAChRα (Csnα) knockout strain (Csnα-D7) showed moderate resistance to spinosad (28.56-fold) and imidacloprid (17.28-fold), but no resistance to abamectin. The survival rates of the caged Csnα-D7 C. septempunctata treated with spinosad and imidacloprid at field concentrations were significantly higher than the survival rates of the caged wild-type ladybird beetles treated with field label doses of the same insecticides. The Csnα-D7 strain exhibited normal growth, development, reproduction, and predation performance compared to wild-type ladybird beetles, suggesting a low fitness cost caused by the Csnα mutation. Heritance analysis demonstrated that the resistance to spinosyns in Csnα-D7 was autosomal, incompletely recessive, and closely related to the Csnα mutation. This study significantly enhanced the compatibility of insecticides with natural enemies using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, contributing to the reduction in insecticide usage and improvement of the ecological environment.
化学杀虫剂和天敌是害虫综合防治（IPM）的重要组成部分，但在田间环境中通常互不相容。瓢虫 Coccinella septempunctata 是全世界蚜虫的天敌。然而，由于它极易受杀虫剂影响，其田间应用受到严重限制。在这里，我们构建了携带烟碱乙酰胆碱受体α亚基（nAChRα）突变的CRISPR/Cas9编辑的七星瓢虫。七鳃鳗nAChRα（Csnα）基因敲除菌株（Csnα-D7）对旋覆花（28.56倍）和吡虫啉（17.28倍）表现出中等抗性，但对阿维菌素没有抗性。用田间浓度的 spinosad 和吡虫啉处理笼养的 Csnα-D7 C. septempunctata 的存活率明显高于用田间标签剂量的相同杀虫剂处理笼养的野生型瓢虫的存活率。与野生型瓢虫相比，Csnα-D7品系的生长、发育、繁殖和捕食表现正常，表明Csnα突变造成的适应性成本较低。遗传分析表明，Csnα-D7对棘刺的抗性是常染色体不完全隐性遗传，与Csnα突变密切相关。该研究利用CRISPR/Cas9技术大大提高了杀虫剂与天敌的兼容性，为减少杀虫剂用量和改善生态环境做出了贡献。
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