Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第10页

A multi-omics comparative analysis reveals differential responses of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids in Cymbidium to waterlogging 多组学比较分析揭示了蕙兰属附生兰和陆生兰对内涝的不同反应

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106268

Tian-Yang Gao , Ning-Yu Liu , Bei-Bei Zhou , Shi-Bao Zhang

Waterlogging stress is a major abiotic constraint that impedes plant growth and development by inducing root hypoxia, metabolic imbalances, and oxidative damage. Orchids, valued as important ornamental and medicinal plants, are highly susceptible to waterlogging, which frequently leads to severe root rot, as observed in field investigations and cultivation practices. Orchids include both epiphytic and terrestrial species that occupy habitats with pronounced differences in water availability. While the drought adaptation mechanisms of these two orchid life-forms have been extensively studied, the strategies underlying their adaptation to waterlogging remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the responses of terrestrial Cymbidium sinense and epiphytic C. tracyanum to waterlogging stress using integrated physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. Under waterlogging stress, C. tracyanum suffered more severe morphological and ultrastructural damage compared to C. sinense, as well as greater rhizosphere hypoxia, reduced root activity, depletion of soluble sugars, and higher oxidative stress. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed fundamentally divergent strategies between the species. C. sinense preferentially accumulated primary metabolites, particularly lipids, and specifically up-regulated genes related to triacylglycerol biosynthesis and UDP-glycosyltransferases. Integrated multi-omics analysis confirmed its reliance on enhanced primary metabolic pathways, such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as linoleic acid metabolism, supporting waterlogging resilience. In contrast, C. tracyanum accumulated a diverse array of secondary metabolites and relied extensively on pathways such as phenylpropanoid and tyrosine metabolism. This high-investment strategy may have underlain its heightened sensitivity to waterlogging stress. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the differential waterlogging responses between terrestrial and epiphytic Cymbidium species, thus offering perspectives on their adaptation and evolution while informing improved cultivation strategies.

涝渍胁迫是一种主要的非生物胁迫，通过诱导根系缺氧、代谢失衡和氧化损伤来阻碍植物的生长发育。兰花作为重要的观赏和药用植物，极易受到内涝的影响，在实地调查和栽培实践中发现，内涝经常导致严重的根腐病。兰花包括附生和陆生两种，它们所处的生境在水分供应方面存在明显差异。虽然这两种兰花的干旱适应机制已经被广泛研究，但它们对内涝的适应策略仍然知之甚少。采用生理、代谢组学和转录组学综合分析方法，研究了陆生蕙兰（Cymbidium sinense）和附生蕙兰（C. tracyanum）对涝渍胁迫的响应。在涝渍胁迫下，青花苜蓿的形态和超微结构损伤较青花苜蓿更严重，根际缺氧程度更高，根系活性降低，可溶性糖耗竭，氧化胁迫程度更高。代谢组学和转录组学分析揭示了物种之间根本不同的策略。C. sinense优先积累初级代谢物，特别是脂质，并特异性上调与甘油三酯生物合成和udp糖基转移酶相关的基因。综合多组学分析证实，它依赖于增强的初级代谢途径，如丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢，以及亚油酸代谢，支持抗涝能力。相比之下，tracyanum积累了多种次生代谢物，并广泛依赖于苯丙素和酪氨酸等代谢途径。这种高投资策略可能是其对内涝压力高度敏感的原因。总的来说，我们的研究结果为陆地和附生大花蕙兰的不同内涝响应提供了机制上的见解，从而为它们的适应和进化提供了视角，同时为改进栽培策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the impact of phosphorus availability on growth, root morphological and physiological traits of different phosphorus-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soils in the karst region of southwest China 揭示西南喀斯特酸性土壤中磷有效性对不同耐磷苜蓿生长、根系形态和生理性状的影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106271

Yunfei Hao , Xiaowen Wang , Jin He , Rama Dhanushkodi , Yinglong Chen , Zhou Li , Xuechun Zhao , Jihui Chen , Xinyao Gu , Chao Chen , Rui Dong

The cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soils in southern China poses significant challenges, primarily due to two key factors present in soils at low pH: phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity. This study aimed to assess the morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa roots under conditions of P limitation and low pH. A pot experiment compared the growth and root characteristics of an Al-sensitive cultivar (Longzhong) and anAl -tolerant cultivar (Trifecta) of alfalfa in acidic soil. This was achieved by supplying six P levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg P kg⁻¹ soil) and utilizing two soil types (limestone soil pH 6.01 and yellow soil pH 5.46). Phosphorus application alleviated acid-aluminum stress and enhanced alfalfa growth, but aboveground growth did not further increase when the P supply exceeded 40 mg P kg⁻¹ soil. Trifecta exhibited higher P uptake and P utilization efficiency, along with increased total root length, compared to Longzhong. In both soil types, the two alfalfa cultivars allocated more biomass to the roots to maximize P extraction from the soil. The superior root morphological traits observed in Al-tolerant alfalfa enhanced P uptake and biomass production in acidic soil conditions. The secretion of more oxalate in yellow loam soil is an effective strategy for alfalfa to improve P acquisition. Under the P application of 20 P kg-1, the oxalate secretion of the tolerant and sensitive genotypes was 1.6 times and 2.5 times that of the control. However, excessive application of acidic P fertilizers, such as calcium dihydrogen phosphate, can markedly decrease soil pH, increase the concentration of exchangeable aluminum, and ultimately inhibit plant growth. This suggests that tailoring phosphorus fertilizer application strategies to specific soil acidity can improve fertilizer use efficiency and enhance alfalfa yield and tolerance, not only providing breeding strategies for acid-Al -tolerant alfalfa development but also offering fertilization guidance for alfalfa cultivation in this region.

中国南方酸性土壤中紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的种植面临着巨大的挑战，主要是由于低pH土壤中存在两个关键因素：磷(P)缺乏和铝（Al）毒性。通过盆栽试验，比较了铝敏感品种“隆中”和耐铝品种“三叶草”在酸性土壤中的生长和根系特征，研究了磷限制和低ph条件下紫花苜蓿根系的形态生理反应。这是通过提供6个磷水平（0、10、20、40、80和120 mg P kg - 1土壤）和利用两种土壤类型（石灰石土壤pH 6.01和黄壤pH 5.46）来实现的。施磷缓解了酸铝胁迫，促进了紫花苜蓿的生长，但当施磷量超过40 mg P kg−1土壤时，地上部生长没有进一步增加。与隆中相比，三叶草具有更高的磷素吸收和磷素利用效率，且总根长增加。在两种土壤类型中，两种苜蓿品种向根系分配了更多生物量，以最大限度地从土壤中提取磷。在酸性土壤条件下，耐铝紫花苜蓿优越的根系形态特征促进了磷的吸收和生物量的产生。黄壤土分泌更多草酸盐是苜蓿提高磷获取的有效策略。施磷量为20 P kg-1时，耐、敏感基因型草酸盐的分泌量分别是对照的1.6倍和2.5倍。然而，过量施用磷酸二氢钙等酸性磷肥会显著降低土壤pH，增加交换性铝的浓度，最终抑制植物生长。由此可见，根据特定土壤酸度调整磷肥施用策略可以提高肥料利用率，提高苜蓿产量和耐受性，不仅为耐酸铝苜蓿的发育提供育种策略，也为该地区苜蓿种植提供施肥指导。

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引用次数: 0

Barley nuclear cap-binding complex subunits, HvCBP20 and HvCBP80, play distinct roles in drought adaptation at reproductive phase of development 大麦核帽结合复合物HvCBP20和HvCBP80在生殖发育阶段的干旱适应中发挥着不同的作用

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106266

Hubert Matkowski, Anna Collin, Ewa Sybilska, Izabela Potocka, Agata Daszkowska-Golec

Drought remains a major constraint to crop productivity. The nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), composed of CBP20 and CBP80, regulates pre-mRNA splicing and has been increasingly associated with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, as suggested by recent studies. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic and physiological impacts of mutations in genes encoding barley nuclear CBC (hvcbp20.ab, hvcbp80.b, and hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80.b) under drought applied at the booting stage. The mutants exhibited both shared- and mutation-specific adaptations to drought. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that mutation in HvCBP80 significantly reduced transcriptional and splicing activities while inducing the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, resulting in enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under both optimal and drought conditions. Conversely, mutation in HvCBP20 intensified ABA-responsive gene expression and prolonged stress signaling. Physiologically, the hvcbp20.ab mutants displayed increased stomatal conductance despite reduced stomatal density, whereas the hvcbp80.b mutants exhibited decreased conductance under optimal conditions. Despite improved photosynthesis and dehydration avoidance traits, none of the mutations enhanced yield-related parameters under either optimal or drought conditions. Our findings establish that nuclear CBC is a pivotal regulator of drought stress responses and rewatering, capable of reprogramming the transcriptomic landscape to promote enhanced barley resilience.

干旱仍然是制约作物产量的主要因素。最近的研究表明，由CBP20和CBP80组成的核帽结合复合体（CBC）调节mrna前剪接，并且越来越多地与脱落酸（ABA）信号传导相关。在这里，我们研究了编码大麦核CBC （hvcbp20）基因突变对转录组学和生理学的影响。ab, hvcbp80。B、hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80。B)在干旱条件下，在孕穗期施用。突变体表现出对干旱的共同适应和突变特异性适应。转录组学分析显示，突变的HvCBP80显著降低了转录和剪接活性，同时诱导了光合作用相关基因的表达，从而在最佳和干旱条件下提高了光合效率。相反，HvCBP20突变增强了aba应答基因表达，延长了应激信号传导。生理上，hvcbp20。Ab突变体气孔导度增加，气孔密度降低，而hvcbp80突变体气孔导度增加。B突变体在最佳条件下表现出电导降低。尽管改善了光合作用和避免脱水的性状，但在最佳或干旱条件下，没有一个突变提高了产量相关参数。我们的研究结果表明，核CBC是干旱胁迫反应和复水的关键调节剂，能够重新编程转录组景观，以促进大麦抗逆性的增强。

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引用次数: 0

Higher ploidy coincides with inferior performance and no difference in drought tolerance in a mesocosm experiment with common reed (Phragmites australis) 普通芦苇（Phragmites australis）的中胚层试验中，高倍性与较差的表现相一致，耐旱性没有差异。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106267

Kerstin Haldan , Kristina Kuprina , Clemens Düsterhöft , Franziska Eller , Anke Fiehn , Aron Garthen , Nils Krauß , Martin Schnittler , Manuela Bog , Jürgen Kreyling

Climate change leads to more extreme weather events. Therefore, high stress tolerance is becoming increasingly critical for plants. A higher ploidy level has been reported to lead to higher stress tolerance in plants. Phragmites australis is a species well known for its many ploidy levels and is a target species for paludiculture, i.e. the wet use of peatlands. We expected octoploid genotypes of P. australis to outperform tetraploid ones in a 15-month mesocosm experiment including a gradient of 0–100 days of drought. We used pairs of genotypes differing in ploidy from three different geographic regions. Increasing drought length led to a decrease in growth, biomass, morphological and ecophysiological traits in both ploidy levels. A ploidy level of 4x outperformed 8x in almost all traits under constant water supply, leading to more than doubled biomass production, and up to moderate drought (approximately 50 days). Under severe and prolonged drought, both ploidy levels performed equally poorly. This study suggests that lower ploidy levels can outperform higher ploidy levels of P. australis. In this species, ploidy alone may not explain performance, but the genotype can be as or more important than ploidy.

气候变化导致更多的极端天气事件。因此，植物的高抗逆性变得越来越重要。据报道，较高的倍性水平导致植物具有较高的抗逆性。芦苇（Phragmites australis）是一种以其多倍性水平而闻名的物种，是泥炭地湿利用的湿地栽培的目标物种。在为期15个月的干旱梯度试验中，我们期望南稻八倍体基因型优于四倍体基因型。我们使用了来自三个不同地理区域的倍性不同的基因型对。干旱时间的增加导致两倍性水平的生长、生物量、形态和生理生态性状的降低。在持续供水条件下，几乎所有性状的倍性水平均为4倍，优于8倍，导致生物量产量增加一倍以上，并导致中度干旱（约50天）。在严重和持久的干旱下，两种倍性水平表现同样差。本研究表明，低倍性水平可以优于高倍性水平的南稻。在这个物种中，单靠倍性可能不能解释性能，但基因型可能与倍性一样重要，甚至更重要。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated transcriptome and targeted metabolomics reveals floral coloration mechanisms in response to light intensity in Argyranthemum frutescens 整合转录组学和靶向代谢组学揭示了银菊花对光强的花色机制

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106261

Yuan Meng , Jiaxin Liu , Dan Huo , Gege Ma , Yuting Yuan , Zihan Wang , Yueping Ma

Light is a crucial environmental factor that influences the plant coloration, yet the mechanisms underlying the color variation responding to light intensity remain unclear. Here, morphology, biochemistry, transcriptome and targeted metabolome analyses were integrated to characterize flower petal color responses and the molecular basis of pigmentation in Argyranthemum frutescens, a worldwide ornamental plant under three light intensities (50, 150 and 600 μmol m^–2 s^–1). It was found that the petals pigmentation and total anthocyanin content significantly increased with the enhanced light intensity. Anthocyanin-targeted metabolome identified a total of 55 metabolites, and 36 differentially accumulated anthocyanins (DAA) were detected. The contents of cyanidins and procyanidins changed significantly in samples under different light intensities. Specifically, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) showed a gradual increase with enhanced light intensity, whereas Procyanidin A2 decreased. Transcriptomics showed a gradual increase in the expression of CHI, F3H as well as DFR, which involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, corresponding to the accumulation of anthocyanin content as light intensified. Moreover, 186 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified. The correlation network of gene-to-metabolite between TFs and DEGs encoding biosynthetic enzymes, as well as DAA indicated that the family genes of ERF, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, and NAC play crucial roles in activating light intensity-responsive genes and regulating the flower color in A. frutescens. These findings revealed the potential mechanisms underlying light intensity-induced flower color changes in A. frutescens, which provide a theoretical foundation for its landscape use and flower color improvement of A. frutescens.

光是影响植物颜色的重要环境因素，但光强度对植物颜色变化的影响机制尚不清楚。在50、150和600 μmol m-2 s-1光照条件下，通过形态学、生物化学、转录组学和靶向代谢组学分析，研究了观赏植物银菊（Argyranthemum frutescens）花瓣颜色响应和色素沉积的分子基础。结果表明，随着光强的增强，花瓣色素沉着和总花青素含量显著增加。花青素靶向代谢组共鉴定出55种代谢物，检测到36种差异积累花青素（DAA）。不同光照强度下样品中花青素和原花青素含量变化显著。其中，花青素-3- o -芦丁苷和花青素-3- o -（6- o -丙二醇- β - d -葡萄糖苷）含量随光强的增强而逐渐增加，原花青素A2含量则下降。转录组学显示，随着光照增强，参与花青素生物合成途径的CHI、F3H和DFR的表达逐渐增加，与花青素含量的积累相对应。此外，还鉴定出186个差异表达转录因子（TFs）。TFs与编码生物合成酶和DAA的DEGs之间的基因-代谢物相关网络表明，ERF、bZIP、WRKY、MYB和NAC家族基因在激活光强响应基因和调控果蔓花色中起着至关重要的作用。这些研究结果揭示了光强诱导金银花花色变化的潜在机制，为金银花的景观利用和花色改良提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic exposure to ionizing radiation elicits growth inhibition and a dynamic oxidative stress response in the shoots of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings 长期暴露于电离辐射引起生长抑制和动态氧化应激反应的苏格兰松幼苗（松sylvestris）幼苗

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106265

Brix De Rouck , Esteban Suls , Gustavo Turqueto Duarte , Els Prinsen , Nele Horemans

Radioactive contamination represents a significant environmental stressor and can result in long-term exposure of terrestrial ecosystems to harmful levels of ionizing radiation. While Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has become a cornerstone reference species for environmental radiation protection studies due to its pronounced radiosensitivity, the underlying physiological mechanisms governing its responses to chronic low-dose radiation exposure remain poorly characterized. We therefore investigated the effect of chronic gamma irradiation on the growth and the oxidative stress response of young pine seedlings. The plants were exposed to 682 μGy·h⁻¹ for 10 weeks, with phenotypical measurements and analysis of molecular and biochemical markers of oxidative stress measured at two-week intervals. Chronic exposure induced significant inhibition of shoot development and a transient reduction of axillar bud formation, correlating with a dynamic oxidative stress response. An initial stress phase involved a significant disruption of the antioxidant system, evidenced by elevated glutathione oxidation and suppressed antioxidative enzyme activities. Despite this disruption, seedlings demonstrated the capacity for swift stress acclimation, first re-establishing glutathione homeostasis through an increase in its reduced form and then transitioning to an enhanced defensive state characterized by elevated superoxide dismutase activity and increased expression of ascorbate peroxidase. Understanding the dynamic radiation stress response during seedling establishment of this keystone forest species may prove beneficial for predicting ecosystem resilience and informing environmental radiation protection strategies in radioactively contaminated environments.

放射性污染是一个重要的环境压力源，可导致陆地生态系统长期暴露于有害水平的电离辐射。虽然苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris）因其显著的辐射敏感性而成为环境辐射保护研究的基石参考物种，但其对慢性低剂量辐射暴露反应的潜在生理机制仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了慢性γ辐射对幼松幼苗生长和氧化应激反应的影响。这些植物暴露在682 μGy·h⁻¹的环境中10周，每隔两周对氧化应激进行表型测量和分子生化标记分析。长期暴露诱导了芽发育的显著抑制和腋芽形成的短暂减少，这与动态氧化应激反应有关。最初的应激阶段涉及抗氧化系统的显著破坏，证明是谷胱甘肽氧化升高和抗氧化酶活性抑制。尽管这种破坏，幼苗表现出快速适应胁迫的能力，首先通过增加其还原形式重新建立谷胱甘肽稳态，然后过渡到增强的防御状态，其特征是超氧化物歧化酶活性升高和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶表达增加。了解这一重要森林物种幼苗建立过程中的动态辐射胁迫响应，有助于预测生态系统的恢复能力，为放射性污染环境中的环境辐射防护策略提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological and multi-omics profiling uncovers the sulfur tolerance mechanism in Tamarix ramosissima 柽柳耐硫生理和多组学分析揭示了柽柳耐硫机制

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106264

Ruiqi Zheng , Tingting Zhang , Shaoming Wang , Mohsin Tanveer , Xiang Shi , Lei Wang

Tamarix ramosissima, a xerophytic shrub with significant ecological-economic value, exhibits marked soil sulfur (S) accumulation capacity, yet its shoot transcriptional-metabolic responses to varying S levels remain uncharacterized. This study integrates physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate S-mediated adaptation mechanisms in T. ramosissima cuttings. High S exposure significantly inhibited growth and induced oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) levels, and decreased ascorbic acid (AsA, DHA) content. Transcriptome analysis identified key S-responsive pathways, including secondary metabolism and signal transduction, with differential expression of genes encoding POD, GR, GST, and photosystem proteins. Metabolome profiling quantified 489 differentially accumulated metabolites, primarily flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Crucially, integrative multi-omics analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were the core pathways significantly enriched at both the transcript and metabolite levels. This study elucidates the complex molecular networks underlying sulfur tolerance and accumulation in T. ramosissima, deepening our understanding of plant adaptation in S-rich desert ecosystems.

柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）是一种具有重要生态经济价值的旱生灌木，具有显著的土壤硫积累能力，但其茎部对不同硫水平的转录代谢反应尚不清楚。本研究综合了生理学、转录组学和代谢组学分析，探讨了s介导的柽柳扦插的适应机制。高S暴露显著抑制生长并诱导氧化应激，表现为抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX）活性降低，丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH、GSSG）水平升高，抗坏血酸（AsA、DHA）含量降低。转录组分析发现了关键的s响应途径，包括次级代谢和信号转导，编码POD、GR、GST和光系统蛋白的基因表达存在差异。代谢组分析量化了489种差异积累的代谢物，主要是类黄酮、酚酸和生物碱。重要的是，综合多组学分析显示，苯丙素生物合成和植物激素信号转导是在转录物和代谢物水平上显著富集的核心途径。本研究阐明了柽柳耐硫和硫积累的复杂分子网络，加深了我们对富硫荒漠生态系统植物适应性的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Is moss-associated nitrogen fixation controlled by the same factors across shoots, species and sites? 苔藓相关的固氮是否受相同的因素控制？

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106262

Jørgen Ulrik Graudal Levinsen , Mingyue Yuan , Anders Michelsen , Kathrin Rousk

Biological N₂ fixation performed by moss-associated cyanobacteria is among the main sources of new nitrogen (N) input in pristine subarctic ecosystems. Yet, until now there has been a lack of knowledge on the drivers of biological N₂ fixation on small spatial scales (moss segment) in relation to the drivers at larger scales (moisture ecosystem). To investigate this, we assessed the capacity of N₂ fixation along shoots of two common moss species, Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, collected along a steep precipitation gradient in the Subarctic. Furthermore, concentrations of nutrients and pH were analysed along the same moss shoot-gradients. We found the highest nitrogenase activity in H. splendens collected at the location with the highest mean annual precipitation. Nitrogenase activity varied significantly along the moss shoots, and between species and location along the precipitation gradient. P. schreberi had the highest nitrogenase activity in the middle segments, while for H. splendens, it was highest in the lowest segments (below 3 cm). Contents of iron, molybdenum and N generally increased with moss segment depth, but phosphorus concentrations decreased and pH was stable across segments. Taken together, the factors that drive nitrogenase activity at small scales differ between moss species, whereas precipitation predominantly controls nitrogenase activity at larger scales (across habitats).

由苔藓相关的蓝藻进行的生物固氮是原始亚北极生态系统中新氮(N)输入的主要来源之一。然而，到目前为止，人们对小空间尺度（苔藓段）生物固氮的驱动因素与大尺度（水分生态系统）驱动因素的关系还缺乏认识。为了研究这一点，我们评估了沿亚北极陡峭降水梯度采集的两种常见苔藓——雪贝勒胸草（Pleurozium schreberi）和水蛭（Hylocomium splendens）的芽对N2的固定能力。此外，沿着相同的苔藓芽梯度分析了营养物浓度和pH值。结果表明，在年平均降水量最高的地区，采得的芨芨草的氮酶活性最高。固氮酶活性沿苔藓芽的方向和沿降水梯度的种地之间存在显著差异。施瑞伯氏单胞菌（P. schreberi）的中间段氮酶活性最高，而锦绣草（H. splendens）的最低段（3 cm以下）氮酶活性最高。随着苔藓节段深度的增加，铁、钼和氮含量普遍增加，但磷含量降低，pH值跨节段稳定。综上所述，在小尺度上驱动氮酶活性的因素因苔藓物种而异，而在大尺度上（跨生境），降水主要控制氮酶活性。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the alfalfa gene MsTIFY10a confers thrips resistance in Medicago truncatula 苜蓿基因MsTIFY10a的过表达使苜蓿抗蓟马

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106260

Qi Chen , Yan Zhang , Rui Dai , Fengyan Yi , Shuang Shuang , Xiaowei Huo , Zhenyi Li , Cuiping Gao , Fengling Shi , Zhiqiang Zhang

Plants have evolved diverse defense mechanisms to counteract herbivore damage. While plant responses to phloem-feeding or leaf-chewing herbivores have been extensively studied, defense strategies against cell-content-feeding insects, such as thrips (Thysanoptera), remain poorly characterized. Thrips represent one of the most significant herbivores of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) owing to their substantial impact on both yield and quality. In this study, we cloned MsTIFY10a, a 178-amino-acid zinc-finger protein-encoding gene from alfalfa, and investigated its functional role in thrips resistance. Results demonstrated that MsTIFY10a exhibited peak expression levels in tender leaves of alfalfa and was significantly induced by thrips feeding. Further analysis showed that MsTIFY10a resides in the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation ability. Overexpression of the MsTIFY10a gene in Medicago truncatula exhibited reduced thrips number and oviposition on the leaves following 14 days of infestation. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and lipoxygenas) and secondary metabolite levels (such as flavonoids and total phenolics) significantly increased in MsTIFY10a overexpressed plants compared to wild-type. Moreover, the transgenic plants enhanced the length and density of leaf trichomes. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis and hormone signalling pathway when comparing MsTIFY10a overexpressed plants and wild type. This study demonstrates that MsTIFY10a confers enhanced thrips resistance in transgenic Medicago truncatula through fortification of the physiological defense system, augmented clearance of stress-induced metabolites, and modulating hormone signal transduction pathways. These findings elucidate key molecular mechanisms underlying MsTIFY10a-mediated defense against thrips resistance in alfalfa.

植物进化出了多种防御机制来抵御食草动物的伤害。虽然植物对韧皮部取食或咀嚼叶子的食草动物的反应已经被广泛研究，但对细胞内容物取食昆虫（如蓟马）的防御策略仍然知之甚少。蓟马是苜蓿（Medicago sativa）最重要的食草动物之一，因为它们对产量和质量都有重大影响。本研究从苜蓿中克隆了一个178个氨基酸的锌指蛋白编码基因MsTIFY10a，并对其在蓟马抗性中的功能进行了研究。结果表明，MsTIFY10a在紫花苜蓿嫩叶中表达量达到峰值，并在蓟马摄食的诱导下显著升高。进一步分析表明，MsTIFY10a存在于细胞核中，不具有转录激活能力。过量表达MsTIFY10a基因的苜蓿在侵染14天后，蓟马数量减少，叶片上的产卵量减少。此外，与野生型相比，MsTIFY10a过表达植株的抗氧化酶活性（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和脂氧酶）和次生代谢产物（如黄酮类化合物和总酚类物质）水平显著提高。此外，转基因植株增加了叶片毛状体的长度和密度。综合转录组学和代谢组学分析显示，MsTIFY10a过表达植物和野生型在类黄酮生物合成和激素信号通路中富集了差异表达的基因和代谢物。本研究表明，MsTIFY10a通过强化生理防御系统、增强对应激诱导代谢物的清除和调节激素信号转导途径，增强了转基因苜蓿对蓟马的抗性。这些发现阐明了mstify10a介导的苜蓿抗蓟马抗性的关键分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

The recovery phase duration shapes plant responses to recurring heat stresses in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) 恢复期持续时间决定了冬季油菜（Brassica napus L.）对反复热胁迫的响应。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106263

L. Kougiteas , B. Julien , B. Bernay , Q. Dupas , N. Elie , M. Le Guedard , JC Avice , S. Brunel-Muguet

The accelerating pace of climate change increases heatwave frequency, challenging crop acclimation. A greenhouse experiment in oilseed rape investigated how prior heat exposure influences seed yield and quality after an intense heat stress (HS). Three sequences of two heat events were tested, differing in recovery duration. We hypothesized that the interval between stresses would determine the priming effect of an initial mild stress (early, intermediate, late) on subsequent HS. Results showed that yield components were not much affected by the heat modalities reflecting the high plasticity of oilseed rape. However, HS-containing sequences significantly reduced seed biomass, with the extent of reduction depending on the timing of the first mild stress. Seed concentration of fatty acids and the seed storage capacity were impacted by the cumulated duration of heat days but the sequence with the intermediate recovery duration (ca. 45°Cd before the intense heat) led to mitigate HS-induced negative effects. Dynamic measurements of fluorescence-based chlorophyll parameters were shown to be able to catch the specificities of the heat sequences and to reflect the differences in final seed biomass accumulation. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of the time interval between stress events in sustaining priming effects induced by the initial stress. More broadly, this work demonstrates the fine tuning of stress priming and advances our understanding of this often-overlooked aspect of stress memory by uncovering the climate-related determinants that shape crop acclimation strategies.

气候变化的加速增加了热浪的频率，给作物的适应带来了挑战。通过油菜温室试验，研究了高温胁迫对油菜产量和品质的影响。测试了两种热事件的三个序列，恢复时间不同。我们假设应力之间的间隔将决定初始轻度应力（早、中、晚）对随后HS的启动效应。结果表明，热模对产量的影响不大，反映了油菜的高可塑性。然而，含hs序列显著降低了种子生物量，其减少程度取决于第一次轻度胁迫的时间。籽粒脂肪酸浓度和籽粒储存量均受到高温累积天数的影响，但以高温前45°Cd的恢复时间为中间顺序，可减轻高温诱导的负面影响。基于荧光的叶绿素参数的动态测量被证明能够捕捉到热序列的特异性，并反映最终种子生物量积累的差异。总的来说，我们的研究强调了应激事件之间的时间间隔在维持由初始应激引起的启动效应中的关键作用。更广泛地说，这项工作证明了压力启动的微调，并通过揭示影响作物适应策略的气候相关决定因素，提高了我们对压力记忆这一经常被忽视的方面的理解。

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引用次数: 0