Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第6页

Integrated transcriptome and targeted metabolomics reveals floral coloration mechanisms in response to light intensity in Argyranthemum frutescens 整合转录组学和靶向代谢组学揭示了银菊花对光强的花色机制

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106261

Yuan Meng , Jiaxin Liu , Dan Huo , Gege Ma , Yuting Yuan , Zihan Wang , Yueping Ma

Light is a crucial environmental factor that influences the plant coloration, yet the mechanisms underlying the color variation responding to light intensity remain unclear. Here, morphology, biochemistry, transcriptome and targeted metabolome analyses were integrated to characterize flower petal color responses and the molecular basis of pigmentation in Argyranthemum frutescens, a worldwide ornamental plant under three light intensities (50, 150 and 600 μmol m^–2 s^–1). It was found that the petals pigmentation and total anthocyanin content significantly increased with the enhanced light intensity. Anthocyanin-targeted metabolome identified a total of 55 metabolites, and 36 differentially accumulated anthocyanins (DAA) were detected. The contents of cyanidins and procyanidins changed significantly in samples under different light intensities. Specifically, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl-beta-D-glucoside) showed a gradual increase with enhanced light intensity, whereas Procyanidin A2 decreased. Transcriptomics showed a gradual increase in the expression of CHI, F3H as well as DFR, which involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways, corresponding to the accumulation of anthocyanin content as light intensified. Moreover, 186 differentially expressed transcription factors (TFs) were identified. The correlation network of gene-to-metabolite between TFs and DEGs encoding biosynthetic enzymes, as well as DAA indicated that the family genes of ERF, bZIP, WRKY, MYB, and NAC play crucial roles in activating light intensity-responsive genes and regulating the flower color in A. frutescens. These findings revealed the potential mechanisms underlying light intensity-induced flower color changes in A. frutescens, which provide a theoretical foundation for its landscape use and flower color improvement of A. frutescens.

光是影响植物颜色的重要环境因素，但光强度对植物颜色变化的影响机制尚不清楚。在50、150和600 μmol m-2 s-1光照条件下，通过形态学、生物化学、转录组学和靶向代谢组学分析，研究了观赏植物银菊（Argyranthemum frutescens）花瓣颜色响应和色素沉积的分子基础。结果表明，随着光强的增强，花瓣色素沉着和总花青素含量显著增加。花青素靶向代谢组共鉴定出55种代谢物，检测到36种差异积累花青素（DAA）。不同光照强度下样品中花青素和原花青素含量变化显著。其中，花青素-3- o -芦丁苷和花青素-3- o -（6- o -丙二醇- β - d -葡萄糖苷）含量随光强的增强而逐渐增加，原花青素A2含量则下降。转录组学显示，随着光照增强，参与花青素生物合成途径的CHI、F3H和DFR的表达逐渐增加，与花青素含量的积累相对应。此外，还鉴定出186个差异表达转录因子（TFs）。TFs与编码生物合成酶和DAA的DEGs之间的基因-代谢物相关网络表明，ERF、bZIP、WRKY、MYB和NAC家族基因在激活光强响应基因和调控果蔓花色中起着至关重要的作用。这些研究结果揭示了光强诱导金银花花色变化的潜在机制，为金银花的景观利用和花色改良提供了理论依据。

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引用次数: 0

Chronic exposure to ionizing radiation elicits growth inhibition and a dynamic oxidative stress response in the shoots of scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings 长期暴露于电离辐射引起生长抑制和动态氧化应激反应的苏格兰松幼苗（松sylvestris）幼苗

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106265

Brix De Rouck , Esteban Suls , Gustavo Turqueto Duarte , Els Prinsen , Nele Horemans

Radioactive contamination represents a significant environmental stressor and can result in long-term exposure of terrestrial ecosystems to harmful levels of ionizing radiation. While Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) has become a cornerstone reference species for environmental radiation protection studies due to its pronounced radiosensitivity, the underlying physiological mechanisms governing its responses to chronic low-dose radiation exposure remain poorly characterized. We therefore investigated the effect of chronic gamma irradiation on the growth and the oxidative stress response of young pine seedlings. The plants were exposed to 682 μGy·h⁻¹ for 10 weeks, with phenotypical measurements and analysis of molecular and biochemical markers of oxidative stress measured at two-week intervals. Chronic exposure induced significant inhibition of shoot development and a transient reduction of axillar bud formation, correlating with a dynamic oxidative stress response. An initial stress phase involved a significant disruption of the antioxidant system, evidenced by elevated glutathione oxidation and suppressed antioxidative enzyme activities. Despite this disruption, seedlings demonstrated the capacity for swift stress acclimation, first re-establishing glutathione homeostasis through an increase in its reduced form and then transitioning to an enhanced defensive state characterized by elevated superoxide dismutase activity and increased expression of ascorbate peroxidase. Understanding the dynamic radiation stress response during seedling establishment of this keystone forest species may prove beneficial for predicting ecosystem resilience and informing environmental radiation protection strategies in radioactively contaminated environments.

放射性污染是一个重要的环境压力源，可导致陆地生态系统长期暴露于有害水平的电离辐射。虽然苏格兰松（Pinus sylvestris）因其显著的辐射敏感性而成为环境辐射保护研究的基石参考物种，但其对慢性低剂量辐射暴露反应的潜在生理机制仍不清楚。因此，我们研究了慢性γ辐射对幼松幼苗生长和氧化应激反应的影响。这些植物暴露在682 μGy·h⁻¹的环境中10周，每隔两周对氧化应激进行表型测量和分子生化标记分析。长期暴露诱导了芽发育的显著抑制和腋芽形成的短暂减少，这与动态氧化应激反应有关。最初的应激阶段涉及抗氧化系统的显著破坏，证明是谷胱甘肽氧化升高和抗氧化酶活性抑制。尽管这种破坏，幼苗表现出快速适应胁迫的能力，首先通过增加其还原形式重新建立谷胱甘肽稳态，然后过渡到增强的防御状态，其特征是超氧化物歧化酶活性升高和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶表达增加。了解这一重要森林物种幼苗建立过程中的动态辐射胁迫响应，有助于预测生态系统的恢复能力，为放射性污染环境中的环境辐射防护策略提供依据。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological and multi-omics profiling uncovers the sulfur tolerance mechanism in Tamarix ramosissima 柽柳耐硫生理和多组学分析揭示了柽柳耐硫机制

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106264

Ruiqi Zheng , Tingting Zhang , Shaoming Wang , Mohsin Tanveer , Xiang Shi , Lei Wang

Tamarix ramosissima, a xerophytic shrub with significant ecological-economic value, exhibits marked soil sulfur (S) accumulation capacity, yet its shoot transcriptional-metabolic responses to varying S levels remain uncharacterized. This study integrates physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses to investigate S-mediated adaptation mechanisms in T. ramosissima cuttings. High S exposure significantly inhibited growth and induced oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX), increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) levels, and decreased ascorbic acid (AsA, DHA) content. Transcriptome analysis identified key S-responsive pathways, including secondary metabolism and signal transduction, with differential expression of genes encoding POD, GR, GST, and photosystem proteins. Metabolome profiling quantified 489 differentially accumulated metabolites, primarily flavonoids, phenolic acids, and alkaloids. Crucially, integrative multi-omics analysis revealed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction were the core pathways significantly enriched at both the transcript and metabolite levels. This study elucidates the complex molecular networks underlying sulfur tolerance and accumulation in T. ramosissima, deepening our understanding of plant adaptation in S-rich desert ecosystems.

柽柳（Tamarix ramosissima）是一种具有重要生态经济价值的旱生灌木，具有显著的土壤硫积累能力，但其茎部对不同硫水平的转录代谢反应尚不清楚。本研究综合了生理学、转录组学和代谢组学分析，探讨了s介导的柽柳扦插的适应机制。高S暴露显著抑制生长并诱导氧化应激，表现为抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX）活性降低，丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH、GSSG）水平升高，抗坏血酸（AsA、DHA）含量降低。转录组分析发现了关键的s响应途径，包括次级代谢和信号转导，编码POD、GR、GST和光系统蛋白的基因表达存在差异。代谢组分析量化了489种差异积累的代谢物，主要是类黄酮、酚酸和生物碱。重要的是，综合多组学分析显示，苯丙素生物合成和植物激素信号转导是在转录物和代谢物水平上显著富集的核心途径。本研究阐明了柽柳耐硫和硫积累的复杂分子网络，加深了我们对富硫荒漠生态系统植物适应性的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Is moss-associated nitrogen fixation controlled by the same factors across shoots, species and sites? 苔藓相关的固氮是否受相同的因素控制？

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106262

Jørgen Ulrik Graudal Levinsen , Mingyue Yuan , Anders Michelsen , Kathrin Rousk

Biological N₂ fixation performed by moss-associated cyanobacteria is among the main sources of new nitrogen (N) input in pristine subarctic ecosystems. Yet, until now there has been a lack of knowledge on the drivers of biological N₂ fixation on small spatial scales (moss segment) in relation to the drivers at larger scales (moisture ecosystem). To investigate this, we assessed the capacity of N₂ fixation along shoots of two common moss species, Pleurozium schreberi and Hylocomium splendens, collected along a steep precipitation gradient in the Subarctic. Furthermore, concentrations of nutrients and pH were analysed along the same moss shoot-gradients. We found the highest nitrogenase activity in H. splendens collected at the location with the highest mean annual precipitation. Nitrogenase activity varied significantly along the moss shoots, and between species and location along the precipitation gradient. P. schreberi had the highest nitrogenase activity in the middle segments, while for H. splendens, it was highest in the lowest segments (below 3 cm). Contents of iron, molybdenum and N generally increased with moss segment depth, but phosphorus concentrations decreased and pH was stable across segments. Taken together, the factors that drive nitrogenase activity at small scales differ between moss species, whereas precipitation predominantly controls nitrogenase activity at larger scales (across habitats).

由苔藓相关的蓝藻进行的生物固氮是原始亚北极生态系统中新氮(N)输入的主要来源之一。然而，到目前为止，人们对小空间尺度（苔藓段）生物固氮的驱动因素与大尺度（水分生态系统）驱动因素的关系还缺乏认识。为了研究这一点，我们评估了沿亚北极陡峭降水梯度采集的两种常见苔藓——雪贝勒胸草（Pleurozium schreberi）和水蛭（Hylocomium splendens）的芽对N2的固定能力。此外，沿着相同的苔藓芽梯度分析了营养物浓度和pH值。结果表明，在年平均降水量最高的地区，采得的芨芨草的氮酶活性最高。固氮酶活性沿苔藓芽的方向和沿降水梯度的种地之间存在显著差异。施瑞伯氏单胞菌（P. schreberi）的中间段氮酶活性最高，而锦绣草（H. splendens）的最低段（3 cm以下）氮酶活性最高。随着苔藓节段深度的增加，铁、钼和氮含量普遍增加，但磷含量降低，pH值跨节段稳定。综上所述，在小尺度上驱动氮酶活性的因素因苔藓物种而异，而在大尺度上（跨生境），降水主要控制氮酶活性。

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引用次数: 0

Overexpression of the alfalfa gene MsTIFY10a confers thrips resistance in Medicago truncatula 苜蓿基因MsTIFY10a的过表达使苜蓿抗蓟马

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106260

Qi Chen , Yan Zhang , Rui Dai , Fengyan Yi , Shuang Shuang , Xiaowei Huo , Zhenyi Li , Cuiping Gao , Fengling Shi , Zhiqiang Zhang

Plants have evolved diverse defense mechanisms to counteract herbivore damage. While plant responses to phloem-feeding or leaf-chewing herbivores have been extensively studied, defense strategies against cell-content-feeding insects, such as thrips (Thysanoptera), remain poorly characterized. Thrips represent one of the most significant herbivores of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) owing to their substantial impact on both yield and quality. In this study, we cloned MsTIFY10a, a 178-amino-acid zinc-finger protein-encoding gene from alfalfa, and investigated its functional role in thrips resistance. Results demonstrated that MsTIFY10a exhibited peak expression levels in tender leaves of alfalfa and was significantly induced by thrips feeding. Further analysis showed that MsTIFY10a resides in the nucleus and had no transcriptional activation ability. Overexpression of the MsTIFY10a gene in Medicago truncatula exhibited reduced thrips number and oviposition on the leaves following 14 days of infestation. Additionally, antioxidant enzyme activities (including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and lipoxygenas) and secondary metabolite levels (such as flavonoids and total phenolics) significantly increased in MsTIFY10a overexpressed plants compared to wild-type. Moreover, the transgenic plants enhanced the length and density of leaf trichomes. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes and metabolites enriched in the flavonoid biosynthesis and hormone signalling pathway when comparing MsTIFY10a overexpressed plants and wild type. This study demonstrates that MsTIFY10a confers enhanced thrips resistance in transgenic Medicago truncatula through fortification of the physiological defense system, augmented clearance of stress-induced metabolites, and modulating hormone signal transduction pathways. These findings elucidate key molecular mechanisms underlying MsTIFY10a-mediated defense against thrips resistance in alfalfa.

植物进化出了多种防御机制来抵御食草动物的伤害。虽然植物对韧皮部取食或咀嚼叶子的食草动物的反应已经被广泛研究，但对细胞内容物取食昆虫（如蓟马）的防御策略仍然知之甚少。蓟马是苜蓿（Medicago sativa）最重要的食草动物之一，因为它们对产量和质量都有重大影响。本研究从苜蓿中克隆了一个178个氨基酸的锌指蛋白编码基因MsTIFY10a，并对其在蓟马抗性中的功能进行了研究。结果表明，MsTIFY10a在紫花苜蓿嫩叶中表达量达到峰值，并在蓟马摄食的诱导下显著升高。进一步分析表明，MsTIFY10a存在于细胞核中，不具有转录激活能力。过量表达MsTIFY10a基因的苜蓿在侵染14天后，蓟马数量减少，叶片上的产卵量减少。此外，与野生型相比，MsTIFY10a过表达植株的抗氧化酶活性（包括超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和脂氧酶）和次生代谢产物（如黄酮类化合物和总酚类物质）水平显著提高。此外，转基因植株增加了叶片毛状体的长度和密度。综合转录组学和代谢组学分析显示，MsTIFY10a过表达植物和野生型在类黄酮生物合成和激素信号通路中富集了差异表达的基因和代谢物。本研究表明，MsTIFY10a通过强化生理防御系统、增强对应激诱导代谢物的清除和调节激素信号转导途径，增强了转基因苜蓿对蓟马的抗性。这些发现阐明了mstify10a介导的苜蓿抗蓟马抗性的关键分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

The recovery phase duration shapes plant responses to recurring heat stresses in winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) 恢复期持续时间决定了冬季油菜（Brassica napus L.）对反复热胁迫的响应。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106263

L. Kougiteas , B. Julien , B. Bernay , Q. Dupas , N. Elie , M. Le Guedard , JC Avice , S. Brunel-Muguet

The accelerating pace of climate change increases heatwave frequency, challenging crop acclimation. A greenhouse experiment in oilseed rape investigated how prior heat exposure influences seed yield and quality after an intense heat stress (HS). Three sequences of two heat events were tested, differing in recovery duration. We hypothesized that the interval between stresses would determine the priming effect of an initial mild stress (early, intermediate, late) on subsequent HS. Results showed that yield components were not much affected by the heat modalities reflecting the high plasticity of oilseed rape. However, HS-containing sequences significantly reduced seed biomass, with the extent of reduction depending on the timing of the first mild stress. Seed concentration of fatty acids and the seed storage capacity were impacted by the cumulated duration of heat days but the sequence with the intermediate recovery duration (ca. 45°Cd before the intense heat) led to mitigate HS-induced negative effects. Dynamic measurements of fluorescence-based chlorophyll parameters were shown to be able to catch the specificities of the heat sequences and to reflect the differences in final seed biomass accumulation. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of the time interval between stress events in sustaining priming effects induced by the initial stress. More broadly, this work demonstrates the fine tuning of stress priming and advances our understanding of this often-overlooked aspect of stress memory by uncovering the climate-related determinants that shape crop acclimation strategies.

气候变化的加速增加了热浪的频率，给作物的适应带来了挑战。通过油菜温室试验，研究了高温胁迫对油菜产量和品质的影响。测试了两种热事件的三个序列，恢复时间不同。我们假设应力之间的间隔将决定初始轻度应力（早、中、晚）对随后HS的启动效应。结果表明，热模对产量的影响不大，反映了油菜的高可塑性。然而，含hs序列显著降低了种子生物量，其减少程度取决于第一次轻度胁迫的时间。籽粒脂肪酸浓度和籽粒储存量均受到高温累积天数的影响，但以高温前45°Cd的恢复时间为中间顺序，可减轻高温诱导的负面影响。基于荧光的叶绿素参数的动态测量被证明能够捕捉到热序列的特异性，并反映最终种子生物量积累的差异。总的来说，我们的研究强调了应激事件之间的时间间隔在维持由初始应激引起的启动效应中的关键作用。更广泛地说，这项工作证明了压力启动的微调，并通过揭示影响作物适应策略的气候相关决定因素，提高了我们对压力记忆这一经常被忽视的方面的理解。

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引用次数: 0

A calmodulin-like protein (MsCML50) confers cold tolerance through interacting with MsTPP8 to moderate sugars accumulation and ROS scavenging in alfalfa 一种钙调素样蛋白（calmodulin-like protein, MsCML50）通过与MsTPP8相互作用来调节苜蓿的糖积累和ROS清除能力，从而赋予苜蓿耐寒性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106255

Lei Yang , Hongjian Sun , Bo Xu , Yaling Liu , Haifeng Zhu , Zhenfei Guo

Calmodulin-like proteins (CMLs) are Ca²⁺ sensors involved in plant growth, development and environmental stress responses, however, the function of most of CMLs remains unknown. The role of MsCML50 from alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in regulation of cold tolerance was documented in the present study. MsCML50 transcript was induced after cold treatment at 5 °C. Compared to the wild type (WT), MsCML50-overexpressing (OE) alfalfa and RNAi lines had increased or decreased cold tolerance, respectively. MsCML50 showed interaction with trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase 8 (MsTPP8). Compared to WT, higher levels of TPP activities, trehalose, sucrose, raffinose and proline concentrations and antioxidant enzyme activities but lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were observed in OE lines under cold conditions, while the opposite trends were observed in RNAi lines. Furthermore, the defect of RNAi lines in cold tolerance and trehalose, sucrose, raffinose and proline accumulation as well as antioxidant enzyme activities were rescued by exogenous application of trehalose. The results suggest that MsCML50 positively regulates cold tolerance through activating MsTPP8, leading to improved sugars accumulation and promoted ROS scavenging during cold treatment at 5 °C. Our work revealed a novel MsCML50-MsTPP8 module that regulates cold tolerance in alfalfa.

钙调素样蛋白（cml）是参与植物生长、发育和环境胁迫反应的Ca2+传感器，但大多数cml的功能尚不清楚。本研究记录了苜蓿（Medicago sativa）中MsCML50在调节耐寒性中的作用。MsCML50转录本经5℃冷处理后诱导。与野生型（WT）相比，mscml50过表达（OE）苜蓿和RNAi品系的耐寒性分别提高或降低。MsCML50与海藻糖-6-磷酸磷酸酶8 （MsTPP8）相互作用。与野生型相比，OE系在低温条件下的TPP活性、海藻糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和脯氨酸浓度和抗氧化酶活性较高，但活性氧（ROS）积累较低，而RNAi系则相反。此外，外源施用海藻糖可以弥补RNAi系在耐冷性和海藻糖、蔗糖、棉子糖和脯氨酸积累以及抗氧化酶活性方面的缺陷。结果表明，MsCML50通过激活MsTPP8正向调节耐寒性，导致5°C低温处理过程中糖积累改善，ROS清除增强。我们的工作揭示了一种新的MsCML50-MsTPP8模块，可以调节苜蓿的耐寒性。

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引用次数: 0

Transcriptome analysis and genome-wide identification of WD40 transcription factor family provide new insights into the salt tolerance of Melilotus albus WD40转录因子家族的转录组分析和全基因组鉴定为白鹭耐盐性研究提供了新的思路

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106256

Caibin Zhang, Pan Xu, Fan Wu, Qi Yan, Shengsheng Wang, Bao Ao, Yangyang Han, Zhenfei Yan, Yanning Wu, Yuncan Qu, Jiyu Zhang

Salt stress is one of the major factors limiting the growth and yield of Melilotus albus, a legume valued for its high protein content, medicinal coumarins, and salinity tolerance. To investigate the molecular basis of salt adaptation, we conducted a time-course transcriptome analysis under prolonged salt stress (0, 7, 14, and 21 d), combined with phenotypic and physiological measurements. Transcriptome profiling, WGCNA, and STEM analyses identified differentially expressed genes enriched in stress-response pathways, with members of the WD40 transcription factor family exhibiting particularly notable salt-responsive expression patterns. We identified WD40 genes at the genome-wide level and characterized their promoter structures, chromosomal distributions, and evolutionary relationships. Three members (MaWD40.16, MaWD40.45, and MaWD40.116) were further validated for their expression patterns by qRT-PCR and tissue-specific analysis, which confirmed their preferential expression in roots. Functional assays, including yeast complementation, subcellular localization, and analyses of transgenic hairy root lines, demonstrated that the encoded proteins are localized in the nucleus and enhance salt tolerance. In addition, they modulate physiological traits such as root length, MDA, and Pro content under stress. Together, these findings highlight the role of MaWD40 genes in salt-stress adaptation and provide a foundation for future functional characterization and molecular breeding of M. albus.

盐胁迫是限制黄豆（Melilotus albus）生长和产量的主要因素之一，黄豆是一种具有高蛋白质含量、药用香豆素和耐盐性的豆科植物。为了研究盐适应的分子基础，我们进行了长时间盐胁迫（0、7、14和21 d）下的时间过程转录组分析，并结合表型和生理测量。转录组分析、WGCNA和STEM分析发现了在应激反应途径中富集的差异表达基因，其中WD40转录因子家族的成员表现出特别显著的盐反应表达模式。我们在全基因组水平上鉴定了WD40基因，并表征了它们的启动子结构、染色体分布和进化关系。通过qRT-PCR和组织特异性分析进一步验证了三个成员（MaWD40.16、MaWD40.45和MaWD40.116）的表达模式，证实了它们在根中的优先表达。功能分析，包括酵母互补、亚细胞定位和转基因毛状根系分析，表明编码蛋白定位于细胞核并增强耐盐性。此外，它们还调节胁迫下根系长度、MDA和Pro含量等生理性状。这些研究结果突出了MaWD40基因在盐胁迫适应中的作用，为今后白孢霉的功能鉴定和分子育种奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Optimizing chloride and ammonium nutrition in Poncirus trifoliata: Balancing growth enhancement and toxicity mitigation 优化三叶Poncirus氯化物和铵营养：平衡生长促进和毒性缓解

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106254

Xiaoman Liu , Ge Zan , Xiaodong Liu , Zhihao Dong , Mohamed G. Moussa , Chengxiao Hu , Qiling Tan , Xuecheng Sun , Songwei Wu

Due to the similar phytotoxicity symptoms induced by chloride (Cl⁻) and ammonium (NH₄⁺) in citrus, which complicate diagnosis and nutrient management, this study examined the individual and combined effects of NH₄⁺ (4, 8, 16 mM) and Cl⁻ (0, 8, 32 mM) on the growth, nitrogen metabolism, and antioxidant responses of Poncirus trifoliata seedlings. Moderate concentrations of 8 mM Cl⁻ and 4 mM NH₄⁺ (Cl₈N₄) significantly increased growth parameters, including plant height, biomass, and leaf chlorophyll content, while reducing oxidative stress indicators such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline in leaves. In contrast, higher ion concentrations led to leaf chlorosis, membrane damage, and impaired nitrogen metabolism, with NH₄⁺ exhibiting a stronger toxic effect than Cl⁻. Nitrogen metabolism analysis demonstrated that the combined treatment Cl₈N₄ optimized the levels of soluble sugar, glutamate, and free amino acids, while maintaining the activity of key enzymes such as nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. Additionally, Cl₈N₄ enhanced photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), reduced MDA levels, and boosted antioxidant enzyme activity, thereby minimizing oxidative damage. In contrast, other combined treatments significantly inhibited plant growth and disrupted metabolic functions. Redundancy analysis further confirms the beneficial role of the Cl₈N₄ combination in enhancing plant adaptation to ionic stress. These findings highlight the importance of balanced NH₄⁺ and Cl⁻ levels in promoting citrus growth and stress resilience. Accordingly, chloride containing fertilizers may be beneficial in citrus cultivation, but their application alongside excessive NH₄⁺ should be avoided due to the risk of increased toxicity.

由于氯（Cl⁻）和铵（NH4⁺）在柑橘中引起的植物毒性症状相似，使诊断和营养管理变得复杂，因此本研究考察了NH4⁺（4,8,16 mM）和Cl⁻（0,8,32 mM）单独和联合对三叶松幼苗生长、氮代谢和抗氧化反应的影响。中等浓度的8 mM Cl⁻和4 mM NH4⁺（Cl8N4）显著增加了植株高度、生物量和叶片叶绿素含量等生长参数，同时降低了叶片中丙二醛（MDA）和脯氨酸等氧化应激指标。相反，较高的离子浓度会导致叶片褪绿、膜损伤和氮代谢受损，NH4⁺的毒性作用比Cl⁻更强。氮代谢分析表明，Cl8N4联合处理优化了可溶性糖、谷氨酸和游离氨基酸水平，同时保持了硝酸盐还原酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶等关键酶的活性。此外，Cl8N4提高了光合效率（Fv/Fm），降低了MDA水平，提高了抗氧化酶活性，从而最大限度地减少了氧化损伤。相比之下，其他联合处理显著抑制植物生长和破坏代谢功能。冗余分析进一步证实了Cl8N4组合在提高植物对离子胁迫的适应性方面的有益作用。这些发现强调了平衡的NH4⁺和Cl⁻水平在促进柑橘生长和抗压力能力方面的重要性。因此，含氯肥料可能对柑橘种植有益，但应避免过量使用NH4 +，因为有增加毒性的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing ecological restoration efficiency in antimony mining areas using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: Perspectives from plant physiology and transcriptomic analysis 利用丛枝菌根真菌提高锑矿区生态恢复效率：植物生理学和转录组学分析的视角

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106249

Xinru Li , Yidong Mi , Rong Zhang , Fuhan Guo , Min Zhou , Yuan Wei

The high concentration of antimony (Sb) pollution poses severe challenges to ecological restoration in Sb mining areas in southwestern China. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have demonstrated considerable application potential this context; however, related research remains insufficient. This study systematically evaluated the enhancement effects and mechanisms of different AMF inoculations on ecological restoration efficiency using two pioneer plant species, Trifolium repens (Tr) and Artemisia argyi (Aa) in southwestern Sb mining areas, through plant physiology and transcriptomics analysis. The results showed that Rhizophagus intraradices (Ri) and mixed inoculation consistently exhibited superior growth-promoting effects, increasing the dry weight biomass by 1.89–6.13-fold and 1.90–7.44-fold, respectively. This was associated with increased phosphorus absorption and reduced Sb concentration in plant tissues, which mitigated environmental stress and enhanced both heavy metal tolerance and plant growth. Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) showed significant growth promotion only in soils with high pH and calcium content. Additionally, AMF inoculation increased the total Sb uptake by the plants in each pot while also activating soil nutrients, thereby improving the plant growth environment, which is a critical ecological restoration objective. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the effects of AMF on host plants varied depending on plant functionality and soil properties. In Tr, AMF regulated genes associated with signal transduction, oxidative stress response, and metal ion transport, while AMF in Aa primarily induced significant co-enrichment in photosynthetic pathways. This study substantiates the growth-promoting effects of AMF on pioneer plants and their improvement of rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties, providing a feasible strategy for ecological restoration of Sb mining areas.

高浓度锑污染给西南锑矿区生态恢复带来了严峻挑战。丛枝菌根真菌（AMF）在这方面显示出相当大的应用潜力；然而，相关研究仍然不足。通过植物生理和转录组学分析，系统评价了不同AMF接种方式对西南Sb矿区两种先锋植物——三叶草（Trifolium repens, Tr）和艾草（Artemisia argyi, Aa）生态恢复效率的增强作用及其机制。结果表明，根食菌和混合接种均表现出较好的促生长效果，分别提高了干重生物量1.89 ~ 6.13倍和1.90 ~ 7.44倍。这与植物组织中磷的吸收增加和Sb浓度降低有关，从而减轻了环境胁迫，增强了植物对重金属的耐受性和生长。mosseae （Fm）仅在高pH、高钙土壤中表现出显著的促生长作用。此外，接种AMF增加了每盆植物对锑的总吸收量，同时也激活了土壤养分，从而改善了植物的生长环境，这是重要的生态修复目标。转录组分析表明，AMF对寄主植物的影响因植物功能和土壤性质而异。在Tr中，AMF调控与信号转导、氧化应激反应和金属离子转运相关的基因，而在Aa中，AMF主要诱导光合途径的显著共富集。本研究证实了AMF对先锋植物的促生长作用及其对根际土壤理化性质的改善作用，为Sb矿区生态恢复提供了可行的策略。

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引用次数: 0