Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第9页

Physiological and transcriptomic dissection of submergence tolerance in cabbage highlights ERF-VII and N-degron regulation 白菜耐淹性的生理和转录组学分析突出了ERF-VII和N-degron的调控

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106288

Shih-Jie Huang, Yu-Lin Wu, Hsuan-Ting Liu, Tze-Ching Chan, Chun-Hao Hu, Chi-Ling Ku, Fu-Chiun Hsu

Climate change-driven flooding threatens cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivation, yet the mechanisms underlying its submergence tolerance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an integrative analysis combining physiological measurements and time-course transcriptome profiling on cabbage cultivars with contrasting submergence tolerance, aiming to identify candidate regulatory modules potentially unique to Brassica submergence responses. The submergence-tolerant cultivar ‘Fuyudori’ demonstrated superior growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and a higher induction of glycolytic genes compared to the submergence-sensitive cultivar ‘228’. Consistently, transcriptome profiling revealed distinct transcriptional patterns between ‘Fuyudori’ and ‘228’ under submergence, particularly in genes related to translation and transcriptional regulation, suggesting their involvement in mediating submergence tolerance. Furthermore, ten cabbage homologs of group VII ethylene response factors (ERF-VIIs) harboring characteristic ERF domains and conserved N-terminal motifs were identified, among which BoERF71 and BoRAP2.12 were confirmed as substrates of the N-degron pathway. In ‘Fuyudori’, these ERF-VII genes displayed higher transcript levels and greater hypoxia-induced protein accumulation, enabling stronger activation of hypoxia-responsive genes such as BoADH1 and BoSUS1L. Our results suggest that elevated expression and stronger hypoxia-induced accumulation of BoERF-VIIs are associated with enhanced submergence tolerance. This work provides the first detailed molecular insight into cabbage submergence responses and lays a foundation for breeding submergence-tolerant Brassica crops.

气候变化导致的洪水威胁着白菜（芸苔甘蓝变种。capitata）的种植，但其耐淹性的机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了一项综合分析，结合生理测量和时间过程转录组分析，对具有不同浸没耐受性的白菜品种进行了比较，旨在确定油菜浸没响应的候选调节模块。与耐淹品种228相比，耐淹品种富裕多里的生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖酵解基因的诱导能力均优于耐淹品种228。转录组分析一致地揭示了“Fuyudori”和“228”在淹没条件下的不同转录模式，特别是与翻译和转录调控相关的基因，表明它们参与了介导淹没耐受性。此外，还鉴定出了10个具有特征ERF结构域和保守n端基元的第七族乙烯响应因子（ERF-VII）的白菜同源物，其中BoERF71和BoRAP2.12被确认为N-degron途径的底物。在“富余多里”中，这些ERF-VII基因表现出更高的转录水平和更大的缺氧诱导蛋白积累，从而使BoADH1和BoSUS1L等缺氧反应基因被更强地激活。我们的研究结果表明，boerf - vii的表达升高和缺氧诱导的更强积累与增强的水下耐受性有关。该研究为白菜淹水反应提供了第一个详细的分子视角，为培育耐淹油菜作物奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Blue and red light-enrichments induce dwarfism in Hydrangea macrophylla through molecular regulation of gibberellin pathway and of cell wall extensibility, without deleterious effects on photosynthetic parameters 蓝光和红光富集通过赤霉素途径和细胞壁伸展的分子调控诱导大绣球矮化，对光合参数无不良影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106289

Béra Ley-Ngardigal , Hanaé Roman , Lydie Huché-Thélier , Isabel Guerrero Zepeda , Nathalie Brouard , Vincent Guérin , Nathalie Leduc

Hydrangea macrophylla is a popular ornamental plant, and controlling its growth is essential for producing compact branched pot plants with abundant inflorescences. Plant growth regulators (PGR) enable growth control, but environmental concerns and their phasing out require eco-friendly alternatives for dwarfing plants. Light spectrum manipulation has shown potential for growth control in numerous species, but photomorphogenic responses vary greatly with genotypes and cultural conditions. Two light spectra were applied on two H. macrophylla cultivars, Nanping and Wudu, to reduce stem elongation: one enriched in blue light (B-enr) and one enriched in red and blue lights (RB-enr). Both spectra significantly reduced stem elongation in both cultivars, with an efficiency comparable to daminozide, a commonly used PGR. Transcriptional analysis revealed that B-enr, RB-enr and daminozide treatments up-regulated genes related to cell wall modification (HmPGX3, HmPE1, HmEXPB2, HmCESA5 and HmKNAT7) and gibberellin metabolism and signaling pathways, while down-regulating genes associated with secondary growth (HmXYP1, HmSAMS1 and HmCAD1). These results suggest that light spectra impacted the same regulatory pathway of stem elongation as daminozide. However, unlike daminozide, both light spectra enhanced photosynthetic processes, increasing chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and maximum photosystem II efficiency. This study describes two effective light spectra as alternatives to chemical dwarfing in H. macrophylla and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms influencing growth responses to light quality. It also brings with first evidence in a plant species of a light control over KNAT7, a key regulator of cell expansion and secondary cell wall thickening.

大绣球是一种受欢迎的观赏植物，控制其生长是生产密集分枝、花序丰富的盆栽植物的必要条件。植物生长调节剂（PGR）能够控制生长，但环境问题和它们的逐步淘汰需要环保的替代品来矮化植物。在许多物种中，光谱操作已经显示出控制生长的潜力，但光形态形成的反应因基因型和培养条件而有很大差异。以南平和武都两个大叶姜品种为研究对象，应用了两种光谱，一种是蓝光富集光谱（B-enr），另一种是红蓝光富集光谱（RB-enr）。这两种光谱都显著降低了两个品种的茎伸长，其效率与常用的PGR - daminozide相当。转录分析显示，B-enr、RB-enr和daminozide处理上调细胞壁修饰相关基因（HmPGX3、HmPE1、HmEXPB2、HmCESA5和HmKNAT7）以及赤霉素代谢和信号通路，下调与次生生长相关的基因（HmXYP1、HmSAMS1和HmCAD1）。这些结果表明，光谱影响的茎秆伸长调控途径与胺酰肼相同。然而，与daminozide不同的是，这两种光谱都增强了光合过程，增加了叶绿素指数、气孔导度和最大光系统II效率。本研究描述了两种有效的光谱，作为大叶黄化学矮化的替代选择，并为影响生长对光质量响应的分子机制提供了新的见解。这也首次为植物物种提供了光控制KNAT7的证据，KNAT7是细胞扩增和次级细胞壁增厚的关键调节因子。

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引用次数: 0

GABA-regulated transamination generates alternative carbon skeleton for root nitrogen assimilation of wheat under waterlogging stress 涝渍胁迫下，gaba调控的转氨作用为小麦根系氮素同化提供了替代碳骨架

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106284

Jingwen Gao , Yao Su , Xihua Zhang , Juanjuan Chen , Feng Wang

Understanding the mutual regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism under waterlogging can provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management under such stress. We conducted pot experiments using two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, AK58 (waterlogging-sensitive) and XM25 (waterlogging-tolerant), under 7 days of waterlogging and control conditions. Waterlogging treatment decreased shoot nitrogen content, dry matter, and yield compared with the control, and the extent of these reductions was lower in XM25 than in AK58. Under waterlogged conditions, root glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities decreased under waterlogging treatment due to insufficient supply of α-ketoglutaric acid, and the decrease of root nitrogen assimilation was lower in XM25 than in AK58. In contrast, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity increased, and alanine (Ala) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased significantly under waterlogging conditions, especially in XM25. To verify the effect of GABA, we applied exogenous GABA treatment and found that exogenous GABA upregulated pyruvate kinase (PK) and GPT activity, resulting in higher ¹⁵N-Ala and α-ketoglutaric acid content. Correspondingly, GABA treatment promoted GS and GOGAT activity in roots and increased shoot nitrogen content, indicating that GABA upregulated the glutamic-pyruvic transamination to supplement carbon skeletons for root nitrogen assimilation. In conclusion, enhancing the carbon skeleton anaplerotic pathway through transamination promoted nitrogen assimilation in roots under waterlogging conditions, and GABA acts as a regulator in this pathway.

了解涝渍条件下碳氮代谢的相互调控，可为涝渍胁迫下的养分管理提供理论依据。以小麦品种AK58（涝敏感型）和XM25（耐涝型）为材料，在涝渍和对照条件下进行盆栽试验。涝渍处理降低了地上部氮含量、干物质含量和产量，且XM25的降低幅度低于AK58。涝渍条件下，由于α-酮戊二酸供应不足，导致根系谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性下降，且XM25的根系氮同化下降幅度低于AK58。涝渍处理下，谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性显著升高，丙氨酸（Ala）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量显著升高，其中以XM25最为显著。为了验证GABA的作用，我们采用外源GABA处理，发现外源GABA上调了丙酮酸激酶（PK）和GPT活性，导致15N-Ala和α-酮戊二酸含量升高。GABA处理提高了根系GS和GOGAT活性，增加了茎部氮含量，表明GABA上调了谷丙转氨酶，补充了根系氮同化的碳骨架。综上所述，在涝渍条件下，通过转氨作用增强碳骨架倒交途径促进了根系氮同化，而GABA在这一途径中起调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the impact of heat and drought stress on plant reproductive tissues 揭示高温和干旱胁迫对植物生殖组织的影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106283

Yueheng Zhou , Muhammad Ali , Xiaohui Ma , Tianxia Yang

Reproductive development in plants is highly sensitive to heat and drought stress, which are exacerbated by climate change and pose significant threats to global crop productivity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying plant responses to heat and drought stress during reproductive stages, with an emphasis on the critical role of transcriptomic approaches. Traditional bulk RNA methods have revealed extensive gene regulatory networks activated during stress, highlighting the complexity of responses across developmental phases and species-specific adaptations. However, these methods obscure cellular and tissue heterogeneity, limiting the resolution of key regulatory processes. Recent advances in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing have unraveled the spatiotemporal dynamics and post-transcriptional regulation underpinning stress resilience at unprecedented resolution, particularly in vegetative tissues. While the application of these advanced technologies to reproductive organs remains little explored, leaving important gaps in understanding the mechanisms driving stress-induced male sterility. We propose an integrative framework linking early stress sensing in vegetative tissues to transcriptional and post-transcriptional reprogramming in reproductive organs, highlighting the role of single-cell and multi-omics approaches in resolving tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms that determine fertility under combined heat and drought stress. We argue that future research should focus on integrating multi-omics datasets and expanding single-cell analyses in reproductive tissues to characterize translational control mechanisms and the epigenetic memory of stress. Such integrative efforts are imperative for identifying stage-specific protective strategies and for developing climate-resilient crops with enhanced reproductive success under heat and drought stress.

植物的生殖发育对高温和干旱胁迫高度敏感，气候变化加剧了高温和干旱胁迫，对全球作物生产力构成重大威胁。本文综述了植物在生殖阶段对高温和干旱胁迫反应的分子和细胞机制，重点介绍了转录组学方法的关键作用。传统的大量RNA方法揭示了在压力下激活的广泛的基因调控网络，突出了发育阶段和物种特异性适应反应的复杂性。然而，这些方法模糊了细胞和组织的异质性，限制了关键调控过程的解决。单细胞和单核RNA测序的最新进展以前所未有的分辨率揭示了支撑应激恢复的时空动态和转录后调节，特别是在营养组织中。虽然这些先进技术在生殖器官上的应用仍然很少被探索，但在理解压力诱发男性不育的机制方面留下了重要的空白。我们提出了一个综合框架，将营养组织的早期应激感知与生殖器官的转录和转录后重编程联系起来，强调单细胞和多组学方法在解决组织特异性调节机制方面的作用，这些机制决定了高温和干旱联合胁迫下的生育能力。我们认为，未来的研究应集中在整合多组学数据集和扩大生殖组织的单细胞分析，以表征胁迫的翻译控制机制和表观遗传记忆。这种综合努力对于确定特定阶段的保护策略以及开发在高温和干旱胁迫下提高繁殖成功率的气候适应型作物是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0

Distinct physiological “toolkits” underlie divergent heavy metal resistance in rice subspecies Japonica and Indica 不同的生理“工具箱”的基础上不同的重金属抗性在水稻亚种粳稻和籼稻

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106275

Yiling Miao , Xuefeng Xu , Mengyao Qi , Ying Kang , Bingqi Zhang , Shan Lu , Yuanjie Zhang , Zhihe Zhang , Lili Jiang , Ying Wu , Chunwu Yang , Bao Liu , Xiufang Ou

Heavy metal contamination threatens crop yield and food safety. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple food crop for approximately half of the world’s population, must maintain its yield and quality, despite being grown in paddy fields contaminated by heavy metals. The genetic differences underlying biology in general and agronomic performance in particular between the two subspecies of rice, japonica and indica, have been intensively studied, but their responses to multiple heavy metal stresses remain poorly understood. This study investigated the divergent heavy metal resistance mechanisms between japonica (cv. Nipponbare, hereafter referred to as Nip) and indica (cv. 9311) under Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe stress conditions. Survival assays revealed novel subspecies-specific tolerance patterns: Nip exhibited greater tolerance to Cd, Mn, Zn, and Fe, with significantly higher survival rates (e.g., 100 % vs. 0 % under Mn after 28 days) compared to 9311, which only showed marginally greater tolerance to Cu (5.3 % survival after 55 days). Physiologically, we identified divergent spatiotemporal “toolkits” underlying resistance: Nip prioritized root-centric osmoprotection via soluble sugar accumulation and early activation of shoot POD/CAT enzymes to mitigate oxidative damage, while 9311 relied on shoot-oriented soluble sugar/proline accumulation and late-phase POD/SOD induction. Critically, we established root metal sequestration as a key mechanism in Nip, which restricted Cd/Cu/Mn translocation to shoots, reducing grain metal accumulation and safeguarding crop safety. In contrast, 9311 exhibited enhanced shoot-oriented metal redistribution, exacerbated aerial toxicity, and risked yield loss under prolonged stress. These findings have advanced understanding by revealing that subspecies-specific adaptation arises from coordinated regulation of osmolyte/antioxidant dynamics and metal partitioning strategies, providing a mechanistic basis for targeted breeding to improve crop resilience in metal-polluted fields.

重金属污染威胁着农作物产量和食品安全。水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是世界上大约一半人口的主要粮食作物，尽管种植在被重金属污染的水田中，但必须保持其产量和质量。水稻的两个亚种——粳稻和籼稻之间的遗传差异已经得到了深入的研究，但它们对多种重金属胁迫的反应仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了粳稻(cv。日本，以下简称Nip)和印度(cv。9311)在Cd， Cu, Mn， Zn和Fe应力条件下。生存分析揭示了新的亚种特异性耐受性模式：与9311相比，Nip对Cd， Mn， Zn和Fe表现出更大的耐受性，其存活率显着提高（例如，28天后，100 % vs. 0 % Mn），而9311对Cu的耐受性仅略高（55天后存活率为5. %）。生理上，我们发现了不同时空的抗性“工具”：Nip优先通过可溶性糖积累和芽部POD/CAT酶的早期激活来进行根中心渗透保护，以减轻氧化损伤，而9311则依赖于茎部导向的可溶性糖/脯氨酸积累和后期POD/SOD诱导。重要的是，我们确定了根金属固存是Nip的关键机制，它限制了Cd/Cu/Mn向茎部的转运，减少了籽粒金属积累，保障了作物安全。相比之下，9311表现出增强的射击导向金属再分配，加剧了空中毒性，并且在长时间的胁迫下存在产量损失的风险。这些发现揭示了亚种特异性适应源于渗透/抗氧化动力学和金属分配策略的协调调节，为有针对性地育种提高金属污染田中作物的抗逆性提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrochar from garden waste enhances drought tolerance in sunflower via soil-plant-gene interactions 园艺废弃物中的氢炭通过土壤-植物-基因相互作用增强向日葵的抗旱性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106281

Stefano Mileto , Damiano Spagnuolo , Antonio Lupini , Giovanna Battipaglia , Viviana Bressi , Claudia Espro , Giuseppa Genovese , Alessandro Crisafulli , Domenico Viglianti , Lucio Zaccariello , Patrizia Trifilò

Enhancing crop drought resilience is essential for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. Among potential strategies, hydrochar (HC), a carbon-rich product of hydrothermal carbonization, represents a promising soil amendment. We hypothesized that HC enhances drought tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. through coordinated soil–plant–gene interactions that modulate water retention, plant hydraulics, and drought-responsive gene networks. Using a multiscale approach combining soil physicochemical analyses, plant physiology, and transcriptomics, we assessed the effects of garden waste-derived HC on H. annuus under well-watered and water-limited conditions. HC application improved soil water retention without altering key chemical parameters and enhanced plant hydraulics. Across irrigation regimes, HC-treated plants showed greater biomass accumulation and photosynthetic capacity. During drought, HC mitigated stress by maintaining leaf water potential and membrane integrity, and by promoting a more negative turgor loss point via osmotic adjustment and increased cell wall stiffness. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HC modulated drought-responsive genes, including transcription factors (e.g., WRKY51, bZIP11) and genes involved in osmotic regulation, antioxidant defense, and hormonal signaling. The distinct molecular signature in HC-treated plants under drought suggests a priming effect that sustains physiological function under stress. This study provides novel evidence linking HC-induced soil enhancement to molecular drought responses in crops, highlighting HC’s potential as a circular input for improving adaptation and productivity in climate-resilient agroecosystems.

提高作物抗旱能力对于气候变化下的可持续农业至关重要。在潜在的策略中，水热炭化的富碳产物碳氢化合物（HC）是一种很有前途的土壤改良剂。我们假设HC通过调节水分保持、植物水力学和干旱响应基因网络的土壤-植物-基因相互作用增强了向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）的抗旱性。采用土壤理化分析、植物生理学和转录组学相结合的多尺度方法，研究了丰水和限水条件下园林废弃物来源的HC对黄杨的影响。HC的应用在不改变关键化学参数和增强植物水力学的情况下提高了土壤保水能力。在不同的灌溉制度下，hc处理的植物表现出更大的生物量积累和光合能力。在干旱期间，HC通过维持叶片水势和膜完整性，以及通过渗透调节和增加细胞壁刚度来促进更负的膨胀损失点来减轻胁迫。转录组学分析显示，HC可调节干旱响应基因，包括转录因子（如WRKY51、bZIP11）和参与渗透调节、抗氧化防御和激素信号传导的基因。干旱条件下hc处理植物的独特分子特征表明，在胁迫下启动效应维持生理功能。该研究提供了将HC诱导的土壤增强与作物的分子干旱反应联系起来的新证据，突出了HC作为提高气候适应型农业生态系统适应性和生产力的循环投入的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

High air humidity enhances catechin accumulation in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) through a specific molecular pathway 高空气湿度通过特定的分子途径促进茶树儿茶素的积累

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106280

Ping Xiang , Marat Tukhvatshin , Qiufang Zhu , Jiaxin Huang , Bosi Cheng , Meng Tan , Jianghong Liu , Yutao Shi , Liangyu Wu , Jinke Lin , Yue Zhang , Yunfei Hu

Catechins are key components influencing the flavor and health benefits of tea. While environmental effects on catechin biosynthesis are widely studied, how air humidity regulates this process remains unclear. In this study, tea cuttings were cultivated in growth chambers under controlled humidity conditions, and their responses in catechin biosynthesis were investigated using HPLC, qPCR, and bioinformatics analyses. The results showed that 90 % air humidity treatment significantly increased esterified catechin contents, including epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate. Moreover, high air humidity upregulated the expression of structural genes and transcription factors including CsCHS, CsC4H, CsANS, CsLAR1, CsDFR, CsANR2 and CsTCP, in contrast to the downregulation of microRNAs (miR529, miR3444b, miR2868, miR169a). Bioinformatics analysis combined with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN) confirmed the regulatory role of CsTCP22 on CsC4H/CsLAR1 in tea plants. Collectively, the study reveals that high air humidity promotes catechin biosynthesis through specific regulatory pathway, providing a reference for optimizing air humidity management in tea plantations to enhance tea quality.

儿茶素是影响茶叶风味和健康益处的关键成分。虽然环境对儿茶素生物合成的影响已被广泛研究，但空气湿度如何调节这一过程仍不清楚。本研究以茶叶扦插为材料，在控制湿度的条件下，通过HPLC、qPCR和生物信息学分析，研究了其对儿茶素生物合成的响应。结果表明，90 %的空气湿度处理显著提高了酯化儿茶素的含量，包括没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯。此外，高空气湿度上调了CsCHS、CsC4H、CsANS、CsLAR1、CsDFR、CsANR2和CsTCP等结构基因和转录因子的表达，而下调了microrna （miR529、miR3444b、miR2868、miR169a）的表达。生物信息学分析结合反义寡核苷酸（asODN）证实了CsTCP22对茶树CsC4H/CsLAR1的调控作用。综上所述，高空气湿度通过特定的调控途径促进儿茶素的生物合成，为优化茶园空气湿度管理以提高茶叶品质提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of polyadenylation site choice in plant nuclear mRNA 植物细胞核mRNA聚腺苷化位点选择的调控

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106274

Wei Zeng , Xiutao Wang , Qiying Zhou , Shengli Jing

The polyadenylation machinery plays a critical role in the processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. This process involves a large multiprotein complex that recognizes polyadenylation signals and determines the polyadenylation sites (PASs). The presence of multiple polyadenylation signals within many genes suggests that alternative polyadenylation (APA) mechanism contributes to transcriptome diversity through the production of distinct mRNA isoforms. APA plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, regulates multiple signaling pathways, and modulates responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The selection of PASs is regulated by multiple factors, including dysfunction of core polyadenylation machinery components, various stress stimuli, epigenetic modifications, intron splicing, and so on. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine PAS choice in plants are still not fully elucidated. In this review, the classification of PAS switches, biological functions, and regulatory elements of the alterations between two PASs were summarized to explore the underlying mechanisms.

聚腺苷酸化机制在pre-mRNA转化为成熟mRNA的过程中起着关键作用。这个过程涉及一个大的多蛋白复合物，它识别聚腺苷化信号并确定聚腺苷化位点（PASs）。多种多聚腺苷化信号在许多基因中的存在表明，选择性多聚腺苷化（APA）机制通过产生不同的mRNA亚型来促进转录组多样性。APA在植物生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用，调节多种信号通路，调节对各种非生物和生物胁迫的反应。PASs的选择受多种因素调控，包括核心聚腺苷化机制组分功能障碍、各种应激刺激、表观遗传修饰、内含子剪接等。然而，决定植物PAS选择的分子机制仍未完全阐明。本文综述了PAS开关的分类、生物学功能以及两种PAS之间改变的调控元件，以探讨其潜在的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Ozone-induced ‘sluggish’ stomatal CO2 response depends on oxidative damage and pigment degradation in the Mediterranean shrub Viburnum lantana L. 臭氧诱导的“迟缓”气孔CO2响应依赖于地中海灌木紫花Viburnum lantana L的氧化损伤和色素降解。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106273

Cesare Garosi , Elena Paoletti , Claudia Pisuttu , Lorenzo Cotrozzi , Elisa Pellegrini , Yasutomo Hoshika

Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is a pervasive air pollutant known to impair stomatal regulation in plants, i.e. stomatal sluggishness, in association with a reduction of photosynthesis. However, its impact on the dynamic responsiveness of stomata to carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic O₃ exposure on both steady-state and dynamic leaf gas exchange response to low or high CO₂ concentration (50 or 1000 µmol mol⁻¹) in Viburnum lantana L., a Mediterranean shrub species highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Ozone-exposed plants exhibited pronounced stomatal sluggishness in response to rapid CO₂ transitions, characterized by delayed closure, reduced opening amplitude, and prolonged response times. These impairments were associated with significant decreases in photosynthetic capacity, pigment degradation (chlorophylls and xanthophylls), and increased lipid peroxidation. Correlation analyses revealed strong links among pigment loss, oxidative membrane damage, and impaired stomatal kinetics, suggesting that both energetic and structural limitations contribute to O₃-induced stomatal dysfunction. These findings indicate that the CO₂ responsiveness of stomata under O₃ stress is not simply passive damage, but reflects a complex, multilevel breakdown of guard cell regulation. As atmospheric O₃ and CO₂ concentrations continue to rise, such impairment may critically constrain plant carbon–water balance, especially in sensitive woody species inhabiting Mediterranean montane environments.

对流层臭氧（O₃）是一种普遍存在的空气污染物，已知会损害植物的气孔调节，即气孔迟钝，与光合作用的减少有关。然而，其对气孔对二氧化碳（CO 2）浓度的动态响应的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们研究了慢性O₃暴露对Viburnum lantana L.（一种对氧化应激高度敏感的地中海灌木物种）在低或高CO₂浓度（50或1000 µmol mol−1）下叶片稳态和动态气体交换响应的影响。臭氧暴露的植物对co2的快速转换表现出明显的气孔迟缓，其特征是关闭延迟、打开幅度减小和响应时间延长。这些损伤与光合能力显著降低、色素降解（叶绿素和叶黄素）和脂质过氧化增加有关。相关分析显示，色素损失、氧化膜损伤和气孔动力学受损之间有很强的联系，这表明能量和结构限制都导致了O₃诱导的气孔功能障碍。这些研究结果表明，在O₃胁迫下，气孔的CO₂响应性不是简单的被动损伤，而是反映了保护细胞调节的复杂、多层次的破坏。随着大气中O₃和CO₂浓度的持续上升，这种损害可能严重限制植物的碳水平衡，特别是对居住在地中海山区环境中的敏感木本物种。

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引用次数: 0

Functional identification of sly-miR1919c in tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans slly - mir1919c在番茄抗疫霉中的功能鉴定

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106272

Yuanyuan Guan , Kaige Wang , Yali Wang , Haiyan Hu , Chengwei Li

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in plant defense against pathogens. Our previous work identified sly-miR1919c as a potential participant in tomato resistance to late blight. In this study, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of mature sly-miR1919c was significantly suppressed in tomato leaves following inoculation with Phytophthora infestans or treatment with salicylic acid, whereas jasmonic acid treatment markedly induced its expression. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the miR1919 family has a limited phylogenetic distribution, being present in only three plant species, with high sequence conservation among mature members. Solyc08g067580 (UNP) was confirmed as the target gene of sly-miR1919c through 5′ RLM-RACE validation. qRT-PCR confirmed that UNP expression was upregulated in P. infestans-infected tomato leaves. The transgenic lines overexpressing sly-miR1919c (OE-miR1919c) exhibited increased susceptibility to late blight, which was associated with reduced UNP expression. Furthermore, silencing UNP via dsRNA-based SIGS demonstrated its function as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to late blight. Moreover, OE-miR1919c plants developed more severe disease symptoms characterized by enlarged necrotic lesions, increased cell death, and elevated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These plants also exhibited leaf chlorosis and increased lateral branching. The osmotin-like protein (OLP) was identified as the UNP-interacting protein through yeast two-hybrid screening(Y2H) and Luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays. RNA-seq analysis revealed that overexpression of sly-miR1919c significantly altered the expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. During P. infestans infection, genes involved in hormone signal transduction and photosynthesis pathways were significantly downregulated in OE-miR1919c plants, and these genes were predominantly enriched in the GO term “response to stimulus”. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying sly-miR1919c-mediated tomato resistance and highlights its potential as a genetic resource for tomato disease-resistant breeding.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs）在植物防御病原体中起着至关重要的调节作用。我们之前的工作确定了sly-miR1919c是番茄抗晚疫病的潜在参与者。本研究通过qRT-PCR分析发现，接种疫霉菌或水杨酸处理后，成熟的sly-miR1919c在番茄叶片中的表达明显受到抑制，而茉莉酸处理则显著诱导其表达。生物信息学分析表明，miR1919家族的系统发育分布有限，仅存在于3个植物物种中，在成熟成员中具有较高的序列保守性。通过5′RLM-RACE验证，Solyc08g067580 （UNP）为sly-miR1919c的靶基因。qRT-PCR证实，UNP在侵染番茄叶片中表达上调。过表达sly-miR1919c （e - mir1919c）的转基因株系对晚疫病的易感性增加，这与UNP表达降低有关。此外，通过基于dsrna的SIGS沉默UNP表明其作为番茄抗晚疫病的正调节因子的功能。此外，OE-miR1919c植物出现了更严重的疾病症状，其特征是坏死病变扩大、细胞死亡增加、活性氧（ROS）积累增加。这些植物还表现出叶片褪绿和侧枝增加。通过酵母双杂交筛选（Y2H）和荧光素酶互补成像（LCI）检测，确定渗透蛋白样蛋白（OLP）为与unp相互作用的蛋白。RNA-seq分析显示，sly-miR1919c的过表达显著改变了激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路、苯丙类生物合成和光合作用相关基因的表达。在侵染P. infestans过程中，OE-miR1919c植物中参与激素信号转导和光合作用途径的基因显著下调，这些基因主要富集在GO术语“对刺激的反应”中。综上所述，该研究为sly- mir1919c介导的番茄抗性的分子机制提供了新的见解，并突出了其作为番茄抗病育种遗传资源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0