Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第5页

Distinct physiological “toolkits” underlie divergent heavy metal resistance in rice subspecies Japonica and Indica 不同的生理“工具箱”的基础上不同的重金属抗性在水稻亚种粳稻和籼稻

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106275

Yiling Miao , Xuefeng Xu , Mengyao Qi , Ying Kang , Bingqi Zhang , Shan Lu , Yuanjie Zhang , Zhihe Zhang , Lili Jiang , Ying Wu , Chunwu Yang , Bao Liu , Xiufang Ou

Heavy metal contamination threatens crop yield and food safety. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), a staple food crop for approximately half of the world’s population, must maintain its yield and quality, despite being grown in paddy fields contaminated by heavy metals. The genetic differences underlying biology in general and agronomic performance in particular between the two subspecies of rice, japonica and indica, have been intensively studied, but their responses to multiple heavy metal stresses remain poorly understood. This study investigated the divergent heavy metal resistance mechanisms between japonica (cv. Nipponbare, hereafter referred to as Nip) and indica (cv. 9311) under Cd, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe stress conditions. Survival assays revealed novel subspecies-specific tolerance patterns: Nip exhibited greater tolerance to Cd, Mn, Zn, and Fe, with significantly higher survival rates (e.g., 100 % vs. 0 % under Mn after 28 days) compared to 9311, which only showed marginally greater tolerance to Cu (5.3 % survival after 55 days). Physiologically, we identified divergent spatiotemporal “toolkits” underlying resistance: Nip prioritized root-centric osmoprotection via soluble sugar accumulation and early activation of shoot POD/CAT enzymes to mitigate oxidative damage, while 9311 relied on shoot-oriented soluble sugar/proline accumulation and late-phase POD/SOD induction. Critically, we established root metal sequestration as a key mechanism in Nip, which restricted Cd/Cu/Mn translocation to shoots, reducing grain metal accumulation and safeguarding crop safety. In contrast, 9311 exhibited enhanced shoot-oriented metal redistribution, exacerbated aerial toxicity, and risked yield loss under prolonged stress. These findings have advanced understanding by revealing that subspecies-specific adaptation arises from coordinated regulation of osmolyte/antioxidant dynamics and metal partitioning strategies, providing a mechanistic basis for targeted breeding to improve crop resilience in metal-polluted fields.

重金属污染威胁着农作物产量和食品安全。水稻（Oryza sativa L.）是世界上大约一半人口的主要粮食作物，尽管种植在被重金属污染的水田中，但必须保持其产量和质量。水稻的两个亚种——粳稻和籼稻之间的遗传差异已经得到了深入的研究，但它们对多种重金属胁迫的反应仍然知之甚少。本研究探讨了粳稻(cv。日本，以下简称Nip)和印度(cv。9311)在Cd， Cu, Mn， Zn和Fe应力条件下。生存分析揭示了新的亚种特异性耐受性模式：与9311相比，Nip对Cd， Mn， Zn和Fe表现出更大的耐受性，其存活率显着提高（例如，28天后，100 % vs. 0 % Mn），而9311对Cu的耐受性仅略高（55天后存活率为5. %）。生理上，我们发现了不同时空的抗性“工具”：Nip优先通过可溶性糖积累和芽部POD/CAT酶的早期激活来进行根中心渗透保护，以减轻氧化损伤，而9311则依赖于茎部导向的可溶性糖/脯氨酸积累和后期POD/SOD诱导。重要的是，我们确定了根金属固存是Nip的关键机制，它限制了Cd/Cu/Mn向茎部的转运，减少了籽粒金属积累，保障了作物安全。相比之下，9311表现出增强的射击导向金属再分配，加剧了空中毒性，并且在长时间的胁迫下存在产量损失的风险。这些发现揭示了亚种特异性适应源于渗透/抗氧化动力学和金属分配策略的协调调节，为有针对性地育种提高金属污染田中作物的抗逆性提供了机制基础。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrochar from garden waste enhances drought tolerance in sunflower via soil-plant-gene interactions 园艺废弃物中的氢炭通过土壤-植物-基因相互作用增强向日葵的抗旱性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106281

Stefano Mileto , Damiano Spagnuolo , Antonio Lupini , Giovanna Battipaglia , Viviana Bressi , Claudia Espro , Giuseppa Genovese , Alessandro Crisafulli , Domenico Viglianti , Lucio Zaccariello , Patrizia Trifilò

Enhancing crop drought resilience is essential for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate. Among potential strategies, hydrochar (HC), a carbon-rich product of hydrothermal carbonization, represents a promising soil amendment. We hypothesized that HC enhances drought tolerance in Helianthus annuus L. through coordinated soil–plant–gene interactions that modulate water retention, plant hydraulics, and drought-responsive gene networks. Using a multiscale approach combining soil physicochemical analyses, plant physiology, and transcriptomics, we assessed the effects of garden waste-derived HC on H. annuus under well-watered and water-limited conditions. HC application improved soil water retention without altering key chemical parameters and enhanced plant hydraulics. Across irrigation regimes, HC-treated plants showed greater biomass accumulation and photosynthetic capacity. During drought, HC mitigated stress by maintaining leaf water potential and membrane integrity, and by promoting a more negative turgor loss point via osmotic adjustment and increased cell wall stiffness. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HC modulated drought-responsive genes, including transcription factors (e.g., WRKY51, bZIP11) and genes involved in osmotic regulation, antioxidant defense, and hormonal signaling. The distinct molecular signature in HC-treated plants under drought suggests a priming effect that sustains physiological function under stress. This study provides novel evidence linking HC-induced soil enhancement to molecular drought responses in crops, highlighting HC’s potential as a circular input for improving adaptation and productivity in climate-resilient agroecosystems.

提高作物抗旱能力对于气候变化下的可持续农业至关重要。在潜在的策略中，水热炭化的富碳产物碳氢化合物（HC）是一种很有前途的土壤改良剂。我们假设HC通过调节水分保持、植物水力学和干旱响应基因网络的土壤-植物-基因相互作用增强了向日葵（Helianthus annuus L.）的抗旱性。采用土壤理化分析、植物生理学和转录组学相结合的多尺度方法，研究了丰水和限水条件下园林废弃物来源的HC对黄杨的影响。HC的应用在不改变关键化学参数和增强植物水力学的情况下提高了土壤保水能力。在不同的灌溉制度下，hc处理的植物表现出更大的生物量积累和光合能力。在干旱期间，HC通过维持叶片水势和膜完整性，以及通过渗透调节和增加细胞壁刚度来促进更负的膨胀损失点来减轻胁迫。转录组学分析显示，HC可调节干旱响应基因，包括转录因子（如WRKY51、bZIP11）和参与渗透调节、抗氧化防御和激素信号传导的基因。干旱条件下hc处理植物的独特分子特征表明，在胁迫下启动效应维持生理功能。该研究提供了将HC诱导的土壤增强与作物的分子干旱反应联系起来的新证据，突出了HC作为提高气候适应型农业生态系统适应性和生产力的循环投入的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

High air humidity enhances catechin accumulation in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) through a specific molecular pathway 高空气湿度通过特定的分子途径促进茶树儿茶素的积累

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106280

Ping Xiang , Marat Tukhvatshin , Qiufang Zhu , Jiaxin Huang , Bosi Cheng , Meng Tan , Jianghong Liu , Yutao Shi , Liangyu Wu , Jinke Lin , Yue Zhang , Yunfei Hu

Catechins are key components influencing the flavor and health benefits of tea. While environmental effects on catechin biosynthesis are widely studied, how air humidity regulates this process remains unclear. In this study, tea cuttings were cultivated in growth chambers under controlled humidity conditions, and their responses in catechin biosynthesis were investigated using HPLC, qPCR, and bioinformatics analyses. The results showed that 90 % air humidity treatment significantly increased esterified catechin contents, including epigallocatechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, gallocatechin gallate. Moreover, high air humidity upregulated the expression of structural genes and transcription factors including CsCHS, CsC4H, CsANS, CsLAR1, CsDFR, CsANR2 and CsTCP, in contrast to the downregulation of microRNAs (miR529, miR3444b, miR2868, miR169a). Bioinformatics analysis combined with antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (asODN) confirmed the regulatory role of CsTCP22 on CsC4H/CsLAR1 in tea plants. Collectively, the study reveals that high air humidity promotes catechin biosynthesis through specific regulatory pathway, providing a reference for optimizing air humidity management in tea plantations to enhance tea quality.

儿茶素是影响茶叶风味和健康益处的关键成分。虽然环境对儿茶素生物合成的影响已被广泛研究，但空气湿度如何调节这一过程仍不清楚。本研究以茶叶扦插为材料，在控制湿度的条件下，通过HPLC、qPCR和生物信息学分析，研究了其对儿茶素生物合成的响应。结果表明，90 %的空气湿度处理显著提高了酯化儿茶素的含量，包括没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯。此外，高空气湿度上调了CsCHS、CsC4H、CsANS、CsLAR1、CsDFR、CsANR2和CsTCP等结构基因和转录因子的表达，而下调了microrna （miR529、miR3444b、miR2868、miR169a）的表达。生物信息学分析结合反义寡核苷酸（asODN）证实了CsTCP22对茶树CsC4H/CsLAR1的调控作用。综上所述，高空气湿度通过特定的调控途径促进儿茶素的生物合成，为优化茶园空气湿度管理以提高茶叶品质提供参考。

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引用次数: 0

Regulation of polyadenylation site choice in plant nuclear mRNA 植物细胞核mRNA聚腺苷化位点选择的调控

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106274

Wei Zeng , Xiutao Wang , Qiying Zhou , Shengli Jing

The polyadenylation machinery plays a critical role in the processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA. This process involves a large multiprotein complex that recognizes polyadenylation signals and determines the polyadenylation sites (PASs). The presence of multiple polyadenylation signals within many genes suggests that alternative polyadenylation (APA) mechanism contributes to transcriptome diversity through the production of distinct mRNA isoforms. APA plays a crucial role in plant growth and development, regulates multiple signaling pathways, and modulates responses to various abiotic and biotic stresses. The selection of PASs is regulated by multiple factors, including dysfunction of core polyadenylation machinery components, various stress stimuli, epigenetic modifications, intron splicing, and so on. However, the molecular mechanisms that determine PAS choice in plants are still not fully elucidated. In this review, the classification of PAS switches, biological functions, and regulatory elements of the alterations between two PASs were summarized to explore the underlying mechanisms.

聚腺苷酸化机制在pre-mRNA转化为成熟mRNA的过程中起着关键作用。这个过程涉及一个大的多蛋白复合物，它识别聚腺苷化信号并确定聚腺苷化位点（PASs）。多种多聚腺苷化信号在许多基因中的存在表明，选择性多聚腺苷化（APA）机制通过产生不同的mRNA亚型来促进转录组多样性。APA在植物生长发育过程中起着至关重要的作用，调节多种信号通路，调节对各种非生物和生物胁迫的反应。PASs的选择受多种因素调控，包括核心聚腺苷化机制组分功能障碍、各种应激刺激、表观遗传修饰、内含子剪接等。然而，决定植物PAS选择的分子机制仍未完全阐明。本文综述了PAS开关的分类、生物学功能以及两种PAS之间改变的调控元件，以探讨其潜在的机制。

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引用次数: 0

Ozone-induced ‘sluggish’ stomatal CO2 response depends on oxidative damage and pigment degradation in the Mediterranean shrub Viburnum lantana L. 臭氧诱导的“迟缓”气孔CO2响应依赖于地中海灌木紫花Viburnum lantana L的氧化损伤和色素降解。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106273

Cesare Garosi , Elena Paoletti , Claudia Pisuttu , Lorenzo Cotrozzi , Elisa Pellegrini , Yasutomo Hoshika

Tropospheric ozone (O₃) is a pervasive air pollutant known to impair stomatal regulation in plants, i.e. stomatal sluggishness, in association with a reduction of photosynthesis. However, its impact on the dynamic responsiveness of stomata to carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of chronic O₃ exposure on both steady-state and dynamic leaf gas exchange response to low or high CO₂ concentration (50 or 1000 µmol mol⁻¹) in Viburnum lantana L., a Mediterranean shrub species highly sensitive to oxidative stress. Ozone-exposed plants exhibited pronounced stomatal sluggishness in response to rapid CO₂ transitions, characterized by delayed closure, reduced opening amplitude, and prolonged response times. These impairments were associated with significant decreases in photosynthetic capacity, pigment degradation (chlorophylls and xanthophylls), and increased lipid peroxidation. Correlation analyses revealed strong links among pigment loss, oxidative membrane damage, and impaired stomatal kinetics, suggesting that both energetic and structural limitations contribute to O₃-induced stomatal dysfunction. These findings indicate that the CO₂ responsiveness of stomata under O₃ stress is not simply passive damage, but reflects a complex, multilevel breakdown of guard cell regulation. As atmospheric O₃ and CO₂ concentrations continue to rise, such impairment may critically constrain plant carbon–water balance, especially in sensitive woody species inhabiting Mediterranean montane environments.

对流层臭氧（O₃）是一种普遍存在的空气污染物，已知会损害植物的气孔调节，即气孔迟钝，与光合作用的减少有关。然而，其对气孔对二氧化碳（CO 2）浓度的动态响应的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们研究了慢性O₃暴露对Viburnum lantana L.（一种对氧化应激高度敏感的地中海灌木物种）在低或高CO₂浓度（50或1000 µmol mol−1）下叶片稳态和动态气体交换响应的影响。臭氧暴露的植物对co2的快速转换表现出明显的气孔迟缓，其特征是关闭延迟、打开幅度减小和响应时间延长。这些损伤与光合能力显著降低、色素降解（叶绿素和叶黄素）和脂质过氧化增加有关。相关分析显示，色素损失、氧化膜损伤和气孔动力学受损之间有很强的联系，这表明能量和结构限制都导致了O₃诱导的气孔功能障碍。这些研究结果表明，在O₃胁迫下，气孔的CO₂响应性不是简单的被动损伤，而是反映了保护细胞调节的复杂、多层次的破坏。随着大气中O₃和CO₂浓度的持续上升，这种损害可能严重限制植物的碳水平衡，特别是对居住在地中海山区环境中的敏感木本物种。

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引用次数: 0

Functional identification of sly-miR1919c in tomato resistance to Phytophthora infestans slly - mir1919c在番茄抗疫霉中的功能鉴定

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106272

Yuanyuan Guan , Kaige Wang , Yali Wang , Haiyan Hu , Chengwei Li

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial regulatory roles in plant defense against pathogens. Our previous work identified sly-miR1919c as a potential participant in tomato resistance to late blight. In this study, qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of mature sly-miR1919c was significantly suppressed in tomato leaves following inoculation with Phytophthora infestans or treatment with salicylic acid, whereas jasmonic acid treatment markedly induced its expression. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the miR1919 family has a limited phylogenetic distribution, being present in only three plant species, with high sequence conservation among mature members. Solyc08g067580 (UNP) was confirmed as the target gene of sly-miR1919c through 5′ RLM-RACE validation. qRT-PCR confirmed that UNP expression was upregulated in P. infestans-infected tomato leaves. The transgenic lines overexpressing sly-miR1919c (OE-miR1919c) exhibited increased susceptibility to late blight, which was associated with reduced UNP expression. Furthermore, silencing UNP via dsRNA-based SIGS demonstrated its function as a positive regulator of tomato resistance to late blight. Moreover, OE-miR1919c plants developed more severe disease symptoms characterized by enlarged necrotic lesions, increased cell death, and elevated accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These plants also exhibited leaf chlorosis and increased lateral branching. The osmotin-like protein (OLP) was identified as the UNP-interacting protein through yeast two-hybrid screening(Y2H) and Luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) assays. RNA-seq analysis revealed that overexpression of sly-miR1919c significantly altered the expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction, MAPK signaling pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis. During P. infestans infection, genes involved in hormone signal transduction and photosynthesis pathways were significantly downregulated in OE-miR1919c plants, and these genes were predominantly enriched in the GO term “response to stimulus”. Taken together, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanism underlying sly-miR1919c-mediated tomato resistance and highlights its potential as a genetic resource for tomato disease-resistant breeding.

MicroRNAs （miRNAs）在植物防御病原体中起着至关重要的调节作用。我们之前的工作确定了sly-miR1919c是番茄抗晚疫病的潜在参与者。本研究通过qRT-PCR分析发现，接种疫霉菌或水杨酸处理后，成熟的sly-miR1919c在番茄叶片中的表达明显受到抑制，而茉莉酸处理则显著诱导其表达。生物信息学分析表明，miR1919家族的系统发育分布有限，仅存在于3个植物物种中，在成熟成员中具有较高的序列保守性。通过5′RLM-RACE验证，Solyc08g067580 （UNP）为sly-miR1919c的靶基因。qRT-PCR证实，UNP在侵染番茄叶片中表达上调。过表达sly-miR1919c （e - mir1919c）的转基因株系对晚疫病的易感性增加，这与UNP表达降低有关。此外，通过基于dsrna的SIGS沉默UNP表明其作为番茄抗晚疫病的正调节因子的功能。此外，OE-miR1919c植物出现了更严重的疾病症状，其特征是坏死病变扩大、细胞死亡增加、活性氧（ROS）积累增加。这些植物还表现出叶片褪绿和侧枝增加。通过酵母双杂交筛选（Y2H）和荧光素酶互补成像（LCI）检测，确定渗透蛋白样蛋白（OLP）为与unp相互作用的蛋白。RNA-seq分析显示，sly-miR1919c的过表达显著改变了激素信号转导、MAPK信号通路、苯丙类生物合成和光合作用相关基因的表达。在侵染P. infestans过程中，OE-miR1919c植物中参与激素信号转导和光合作用途径的基因显著下调，这些基因主要富集在GO术语“对刺激的反应”中。综上所述，该研究为sly- mir1919c介导的番茄抗性的分子机制提供了新的见解，并突出了其作为番茄抗病育种遗传资源的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-omics comparative analysis reveals differential responses of epiphytic and terrestrial orchids in Cymbidium to waterlogging 多组学比较分析揭示了蕙兰属附生兰和陆生兰对内涝的不同反应

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106268

Tian-Yang Gao , Ning-Yu Liu , Bei-Bei Zhou , Shi-Bao Zhang

Waterlogging stress is a major abiotic constraint that impedes plant growth and development by inducing root hypoxia, metabolic imbalances, and oxidative damage. Orchids, valued as important ornamental and medicinal plants, are highly susceptible to waterlogging, which frequently leads to severe root rot, as observed in field investigations and cultivation practices. Orchids include both epiphytic and terrestrial species that occupy habitats with pronounced differences in water availability. While the drought adaptation mechanisms of these two orchid life-forms have been extensively studied, the strategies underlying their adaptation to waterlogging remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the responses of terrestrial Cymbidium sinense and epiphytic C. tracyanum to waterlogging stress using integrated physiological, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analyses. Under waterlogging stress, C. tracyanum suffered more severe morphological and ultrastructural damage compared to C. sinense, as well as greater rhizosphere hypoxia, reduced root activity, depletion of soluble sugars, and higher oxidative stress. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed fundamentally divergent strategies between the species. C. sinense preferentially accumulated primary metabolites, particularly lipids, and specifically up-regulated genes related to triacylglycerol biosynthesis and UDP-glycosyltransferases. Integrated multi-omics analysis confirmed its reliance on enhanced primary metabolic pathways, such as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, as well as linoleic acid metabolism, supporting waterlogging resilience. In contrast, C. tracyanum accumulated a diverse array of secondary metabolites and relied extensively on pathways such as phenylpropanoid and tyrosine metabolism. This high-investment strategy may have underlain its heightened sensitivity to waterlogging stress. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights into the differential waterlogging responses between terrestrial and epiphytic Cymbidium species, thus offering perspectives on their adaptation and evolution while informing improved cultivation strategies.

涝渍胁迫是一种主要的非生物胁迫，通过诱导根系缺氧、代谢失衡和氧化损伤来阻碍植物的生长发育。兰花作为重要的观赏和药用植物，极易受到内涝的影响，在实地调查和栽培实践中发现，内涝经常导致严重的根腐病。兰花包括附生和陆生两种，它们所处的生境在水分供应方面存在明显差异。虽然这两种兰花的干旱适应机制已经被广泛研究，但它们对内涝的适应策略仍然知之甚少。采用生理、代谢组学和转录组学综合分析方法，研究了陆生蕙兰（Cymbidium sinense）和附生蕙兰（C. tracyanum）对涝渍胁迫的响应。在涝渍胁迫下，青花苜蓿的形态和超微结构损伤较青花苜蓿更严重，根际缺氧程度更高，根系活性降低，可溶性糖耗竭，氧化胁迫程度更高。代谢组学和转录组学分析揭示了物种之间根本不同的策略。C. sinense优先积累初级代谢物，特别是脂质，并特异性上调与甘油三酯生物合成和udp糖基转移酶相关的基因。综合多组学分析证实，它依赖于增强的初级代谢途径，如丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢，以及亚油酸代谢，支持抗涝能力。相比之下，tracyanum积累了多种次生代谢物，并广泛依赖于苯丙素和酪氨酸等代谢途径。这种高投资策略可能是其对内涝压力高度敏感的原因。总的来说，我们的研究结果为陆地和附生大花蕙兰的不同内涝响应提供了机制上的见解，从而为它们的适应和进化提供了视角，同时为改进栽培策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the impact of phosphorus availability on growth, root morphological and physiological traits of different phosphorus-tolerant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soils in the karst region of southwest China 揭示西南喀斯特酸性土壤中磷有效性对不同耐磷苜蓿生长、根系形态和生理性状的影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106271

Yunfei Hao , Xiaowen Wang , Jin He , Rama Dhanushkodi , Yinglong Chen , Zhou Li , Xuechun Zhao , Jihui Chen , Xinyao Gu , Chao Chen , Rui Dong

The cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in acidic soils in southern China poses significant challenges, primarily due to two key factors present in soils at low pH: phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity. This study aimed to assess the morphological and physiological responses of alfalfa roots under conditions of P limitation and low pH. A pot experiment compared the growth and root characteristics of an Al-sensitive cultivar (Longzhong) and anAl -tolerant cultivar (Trifecta) of alfalfa in acidic soil. This was achieved by supplying six P levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 mg P kg⁻¹ soil) and utilizing two soil types (limestone soil pH 6.01 and yellow soil pH 5.46). Phosphorus application alleviated acid-aluminum stress and enhanced alfalfa growth, but aboveground growth did not further increase when the P supply exceeded 40 mg P kg⁻¹ soil. Trifecta exhibited higher P uptake and P utilization efficiency, along with increased total root length, compared to Longzhong. In both soil types, the two alfalfa cultivars allocated more biomass to the roots to maximize P extraction from the soil. The superior root morphological traits observed in Al-tolerant alfalfa enhanced P uptake and biomass production in acidic soil conditions. The secretion of more oxalate in yellow loam soil is an effective strategy for alfalfa to improve P acquisition. Under the P application of 20 P kg-1, the oxalate secretion of the tolerant and sensitive genotypes was 1.6 times and 2.5 times that of the control. However, excessive application of acidic P fertilizers, such as calcium dihydrogen phosphate, can markedly decrease soil pH, increase the concentration of exchangeable aluminum, and ultimately inhibit plant growth. This suggests that tailoring phosphorus fertilizer application strategies to specific soil acidity can improve fertilizer use efficiency and enhance alfalfa yield and tolerance, not only providing breeding strategies for acid-Al -tolerant alfalfa development but also offering fertilization guidance for alfalfa cultivation in this region.

中国南方酸性土壤中紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）的种植面临着巨大的挑战，主要是由于低pH土壤中存在两个关键因素：磷(P)缺乏和铝（Al）毒性。通过盆栽试验，比较了铝敏感品种“隆中”和耐铝品种“三叶草”在酸性土壤中的生长和根系特征，研究了磷限制和低ph条件下紫花苜蓿根系的形态生理反应。这是通过提供6个磷水平（0、10、20、40、80和120 mg P kg - 1土壤）和利用两种土壤类型（石灰石土壤pH 6.01和黄壤pH 5.46）来实现的。施磷缓解了酸铝胁迫，促进了紫花苜蓿的生长，但当施磷量超过40 mg P kg−1土壤时，地上部生长没有进一步增加。与隆中相比，三叶草具有更高的磷素吸收和磷素利用效率，且总根长增加。在两种土壤类型中，两种苜蓿品种向根系分配了更多生物量，以最大限度地从土壤中提取磷。在酸性土壤条件下，耐铝紫花苜蓿优越的根系形态特征促进了磷的吸收和生物量的产生。黄壤土分泌更多草酸盐是苜蓿提高磷获取的有效策略。施磷量为20 P kg-1时，耐、敏感基因型草酸盐的分泌量分别是对照的1.6倍和2.5倍。然而，过量施用磷酸二氢钙等酸性磷肥会显著降低土壤pH，增加交换性铝的浓度，最终抑制植物生长。由此可见，根据特定土壤酸度调整磷肥施用策略可以提高肥料利用率，提高苜蓿产量和耐受性，不仅为耐酸铝苜蓿的发育提供育种策略，也为该地区苜蓿种植提供施肥指导。

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引用次数: 0

Barley nuclear cap-binding complex subunits, HvCBP20 and HvCBP80, play distinct roles in drought adaptation at reproductive phase of development 大麦核帽结合复合物HvCBP20和HvCBP80在生殖发育阶段的干旱适应中发挥着不同的作用

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106266

Hubert Matkowski, Anna Collin, Ewa Sybilska, Izabela Potocka, Agata Daszkowska-Golec

Drought remains a major constraint to crop productivity. The nuclear cap-binding complex (CBC), composed of CBP20 and CBP80, regulates pre-mRNA splicing and has been increasingly associated with abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, as suggested by recent studies. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic and physiological impacts of mutations in genes encoding barley nuclear CBC (hvcbp20.ab, hvcbp80.b, and hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80.b) under drought applied at the booting stage. The mutants exhibited both shared- and mutation-specific adaptations to drought. Transcriptomic profiling revealed that mutation in HvCBP80 significantly reduced transcriptional and splicing activities while inducing the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, resulting in enhanced photosynthetic efficiency under both optimal and drought conditions. Conversely, mutation in HvCBP20 intensified ABA-responsive gene expression and prolonged stress signaling. Physiologically, the hvcbp20.ab mutants displayed increased stomatal conductance despite reduced stomatal density, whereas the hvcbp80.b mutants exhibited decreased conductance under optimal conditions. Despite improved photosynthesis and dehydration avoidance traits, none of the mutations enhanced yield-related parameters under either optimal or drought conditions. Our findings establish that nuclear CBC is a pivotal regulator of drought stress responses and rewatering, capable of reprogramming the transcriptomic landscape to promote enhanced barley resilience.

干旱仍然是制约作物产量的主要因素。最近的研究表明，由CBP20和CBP80组成的核帽结合复合体（CBC）调节mrna前剪接，并且越来越多地与脱落酸（ABA）信号传导相关。在这里，我们研究了编码大麦核CBC （hvcbp20）基因突变对转录组学和生理学的影响。ab, hvcbp80。B、hvcbp20.ab/hvcbp80。B)在干旱条件下，在孕穗期施用。突变体表现出对干旱的共同适应和突变特异性适应。转录组学分析显示，突变的HvCBP80显著降低了转录和剪接活性，同时诱导了光合作用相关基因的表达，从而在最佳和干旱条件下提高了光合效率。相反，HvCBP20突变增强了aba应答基因表达，延长了应激信号传导。生理上，hvcbp20。Ab突变体气孔导度增加，气孔密度降低，而hvcbp80突变体气孔导度增加。B突变体在最佳条件下表现出电导降低。尽管改善了光合作用和避免脱水的性状，但在最佳或干旱条件下，没有一个突变提高了产量相关参数。我们的研究结果表明，核CBC是干旱胁迫反应和复水的关键调节剂，能够重新编程转录组景观，以促进大麦抗逆性的增强。

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引用次数: 0

Higher ploidy coincides with inferior performance and no difference in drought tolerance in a mesocosm experiment with common reed (Phragmites australis) 普通芦苇（Phragmites australis）的中胚层试验中，高倍性与较差的表现相一致，耐旱性没有差异。

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106267

Kerstin Haldan , Kristina Kuprina , Clemens Düsterhöft , Franziska Eller , Anke Fiehn , Aron Garthen , Nils Krauß , Martin Schnittler , Manuela Bog , Jürgen Kreyling

Climate change leads to more extreme weather events. Therefore, high stress tolerance is becoming increasingly critical for plants. A higher ploidy level has been reported to lead to higher stress tolerance in plants. Phragmites australis is a species well known for its many ploidy levels and is a target species for paludiculture, i.e. the wet use of peatlands. We expected octoploid genotypes of P. australis to outperform tetraploid ones in a 15-month mesocosm experiment including a gradient of 0–100 days of drought. We used pairs of genotypes differing in ploidy from three different geographic regions. Increasing drought length led to a decrease in growth, biomass, morphological and ecophysiological traits in both ploidy levels. A ploidy level of 4x outperformed 8x in almost all traits under constant water supply, leading to more than doubled biomass production, and up to moderate drought (approximately 50 days). Under severe and prolonged drought, both ploidy levels performed equally poorly. This study suggests that lower ploidy levels can outperform higher ploidy levels of P. australis. In this species, ploidy alone may not explain performance, but the genotype can be as or more important than ploidy.

气候变化导致更多的极端天气事件。因此，植物的高抗逆性变得越来越重要。据报道，较高的倍性水平导致植物具有较高的抗逆性。芦苇（Phragmites australis）是一种以其多倍性水平而闻名的物种，是泥炭地湿利用的湿地栽培的目标物种。在为期15个月的干旱梯度试验中，我们期望南稻八倍体基因型优于四倍体基因型。我们使用了来自三个不同地理区域的倍性不同的基因型对。干旱时间的增加导致两倍性水平的生长、生物量、形态和生理生态性状的降低。在持续供水条件下，几乎所有性状的倍性水平均为4倍，优于8倍，导致生物量产量增加一倍以上，并导致中度干旱（约50天）。在严重和持久的干旱下，两种倍性水平表现同样差。本研究表明，低倍性水平可以优于高倍性水平的南稻。在这个物种中，单靠倍性可能不能解释性能，但基因型可能与倍性一样重要，甚至更重要。

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引用次数: 0