Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106015
Ji Wang , Mengjia Zhou , Xiuping Chen , Jianyang Hua , Qian Cui , Ebru Toksoy Öner , Huijuan Zhang , Jingjing Xu , Mingxiang Liang
Drought stress is one of the major constraints on crop productivity, including rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Nuclear factors Y (NF-Ys) are important transcription factors involved in plant responses to drought and other stresses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear in rapeseed. By silencing BnaNF-YA9 in rapeseed and transforming BnaNF-YA9 into the Arabidopsis mutant Atnf-ya5, we demonstrated that BnaNF-YA9 plays a positive role in drought resistance. To explore its regulatory mechanism, we performed protein-protein interaction analyses using various approaches. Our study revealed complex interactions among BnaNF-YA9, BnaNF-YB2, BnaNF-YC4, and EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 15 (ERD15), suggesting that these proteins form a multimember complex. We also showed that BnaNF-YA9 binds to the CCAAT element in the promoter of a BnaPRX gene, which encodes a peroxidase. Interestingly, overexpression of BnaNF-YC4 or BnaERD15 in Arabidopsis increased sensitivity to salt stress, drought, and abscisic acid. Our results support an NF-Y/ERD15/PRX cascade and suggest a complex regulatory network in rapeseed that may be important in maintaining ROS homeostasis during abiotic stress responses. Our findings provide insights into potential targets for improving drought resilience in crops.
{"title":"A putative NF-Y complex interacting with ERD15 may positively regulate the expression of a peroxidase gene in response to stress in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)","authors":"Ji Wang , Mengjia Zhou , Xiuping Chen , Jianyang Hua , Qian Cui , Ebru Toksoy Öner , Huijuan Zhang , Jingjing Xu , Mingxiang Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought stress is one of the major constraints on crop productivity, including rapeseed (<em>Brassica napus</em> L.). Nuclear factors Y (NF-Ys) are important transcription factors involved in plant responses to drought and other stresses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear in rapeseed. By silencing <em>BnaNF-YA9</em> in rapeseed and transforming <em>BnaNF-YA9</em> into the Arabidopsis mutant <em>Atnf-ya5</em>, we demonstrated that BnaNF-YA9 plays a positive role in drought resistance. To explore its regulatory mechanism, we performed protein-protein interaction analyses using various approaches. Our study revealed complex interactions among BnaNF-YA9, BnaNF-YB2, BnaNF-YC4, and EARLY RESPONSIVE TO DEHYDRATION 15 (ERD15), suggesting that these proteins form a multimember complex. We also showed that BnaNF-YA9 binds to the CCAAT element in the promoter of a <em>BnaPRX</em> gene, which encodes a peroxidase. Interestingly, overexpression of <em>BnaNF-YC4</em> or <em>BnaERD15</em> in Arabidopsis increased sensitivity to salt stress, drought, and abscisic acid. Our results support an NF-Y/ERD15/PRX cascade and suggest a complex regulatory network in rapeseed that may be important in maintaining ROS homeostasis during abiotic stress responses. Our findings provide insights into potential targets for improving drought resilience in crops.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106015"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106014
Huaizhi Tian , Yuanhang Mu , Shasha Yang , Jv Zhang , Xiaolian Yang , Qingqin Zhang , Guangdong Geng , Suqin Zhang
Plants have evolved various regulatory mechanisms that adjust gene expression levels to enhance their salt adaptability. Here, the seedling height, root length, plant fresh weight, total root surface area, and total root volume of Tritipyrum ‘Y1805’ increased significantly under salt-stress and recovery conditions. The plant water content showed limited changes under salt stress. The cytokinin, amino acid, soluble protein, and pyruvate contents, as well as the peroxidase activity, increased under salt stress and decreased quickly after recovery. The MDA content and electrical conductivity increased after 5 h of salt stress, but they returned rapidly to the control level afterwards. ‘Y1805’ had strong salt tolerance and could adapt quickly to salt-stress conditions. An assay of transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) indicated that most peaks were located in the distal intergenic regions under salt-stress and control conditions. We found 85 motifs in the 1776 location-specific peaks and 478 motifs in altered signal peaks under salt stress. The transcription factors binding to these motifs belonged mainly to the MYB family, followed by the AP2/EREBP, bZIP, bHLH, and WRKY families. The main Gene Ontology terms organic acid catabolic process, carboxylic acid catabolic process, cellular hormone metabolic process, cytokinin metabolic process, and cellular amino acid catabolic process were significantly enriched based on the associated differentially expressed genes between ATAC-seq and transcriptomics. Based on the transcriptional regulatory network and gene expression level, the Tritipyrum ‘Y1805’ HSF6–1 gene was selected and cloned. Leaves of the wild-type plants appeared seriously wilted under salt stress, but most leaves of the TtHSF6–1 transgenic line remained upright. The seedling height, root length, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight of the TtHSF6–1 transgenic line increased significantly compared with those of the WT plant under salt-stress and recovery conditions. The MDA content and electrical conductivity values of the TtHSF6–1 transgenic line were significantly less than those of the WT plants under salt-stress conditions. Thus, TtHSF6–1 contributed to salt tolerance. These results provided valuable genes for wheat improvement and offer fundamental insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in Tritipyrum.
{"title":"ATAC sequencing and transcriptomics reveal the impact of chromatin accessibility on gene expression in Tritipyrum under salt-stress conditions","authors":"Huaizhi Tian , Yuanhang Mu , Shasha Yang , Jv Zhang , Xiaolian Yang , Qingqin Zhang , Guangdong Geng , Suqin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants have evolved various regulatory mechanisms that adjust gene expression levels to enhance their salt adaptability. Here, the seedling height, root length, plant fresh weight, total root surface area, and total root volume of <em>Tritipyrum</em> ‘Y1805’ increased significantly under salt-stress and recovery conditions. The plant water content showed limited changes under salt stress. The cytokinin, amino acid, soluble protein, and pyruvate contents, as well as the peroxidase activity, increased under salt stress and decreased quickly after recovery. The MDA content and electrical conductivity increased after 5 h of salt stress, but they returned rapidly to the control level afterwards. ‘Y1805’ had strong salt tolerance and could adapt quickly to salt-stress conditions. An assay of transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing (ATAC-seq) indicated that most peaks were located in the distal intergenic regions under salt-stress and control conditions. We found 85 motifs in the 1776 location-specific peaks and 478 motifs in altered signal peaks under salt stress. The transcription factors binding to these motifs belonged mainly to the MYB family, followed by the AP2/EREBP, bZIP, bHLH, and WRKY families. The main Gene Ontology terms organic acid catabolic process, carboxylic acid catabolic process, cellular hormone metabolic process, cytokinin metabolic process, and cellular amino acid catabolic process were significantly enriched based on the associated differentially expressed genes between ATAC-seq and transcriptomics. Based on the transcriptional regulatory network and gene expression level, the <em>Tritipyrum</em> ‘Y1805’ <em>HSF6–1</em> gene was selected and cloned. Leaves of the wild-type plants appeared seriously wilted under salt stress, but most leaves of the <em>TtHSF6–1</em> transgenic line remained upright. The seedling height, root length, plant fresh weight, and plant dry weight of the <em>TtHSF6–1</em> transgenic line increased significantly compared with those of the WT plant under salt-stress and recovery conditions. The MDA content and electrical conductivity values of the <em>TtHSF6–1</em> transgenic line were significantly less than those of the WT plants under salt-stress conditions. Thus, <em>TtHSF6–1</em> contributed to salt tolerance. These results provided valuable genes for wheat improvement and offer fundamental insights into the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of salt tolerance in <em>Tritipyrum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106014"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106011
Marina Ramos-Muñoz , María Clara Castellanos , Mario Blanco-Sánchez , Beatriz Pías , José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente , Raquel Benavides , Adrián Escudero , Silvia Matesanz
Assessing the factors driving intraspecific phenotypic variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of plant populations and predict their vulnerability to climate change. Environmental gradients often lead to phenotypic divergence in functional traits and their plasticity across populations. We studied the entire environmental range of the Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub Helianthemum squamatum to evaluate the factors underlying quantitative population differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to drought, using a common garden with 16 populations that covered the main geographic and the entire climatic range of the species. Sampling followed a hierarchical approach to assess trait genetic variation within and among four distinct geographical regions. We found high but similar plastic responses across populations, which were consistent with adaptive plasticity to drought, including advanced phenology, more sclerophyllous leaves, higher water use efficiency and larger seeds in dry conditions. Despite these generally similar plastic responses, we found significant population differentiation in quantitative traits, part of which was structured at the regional scale. Such differentiation was not associated with environmental variation, including differences in climate and soil conditions. This suggests that non-adaptive processes might have had a role on genetic differentiation in H. squamatum, likely due to the island-like configuration of gypsum habitats and the lack of effective seed dispersal of the study species. Our results emphasize the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptive drought response and the importance of considering both adaptive and non-adaptive processes shaping intraspecific phenotypic variation, which is crucial for predicting plant population vulnerability to climate change.
{"title":"Drivers of phenotypic variation and plasticity to drought in populations of a Mediterranean shrub along an environmental gradient","authors":"Marina Ramos-Muñoz , María Clara Castellanos , Mario Blanco-Sánchez , Beatriz Pías , José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente , Raquel Benavides , Adrián Escudero , Silvia Matesanz","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing the factors driving intraspecific phenotypic variation is crucial to understand the evolutionary trajectories of plant populations and predict their vulnerability to climate change. Environmental gradients often lead to phenotypic divergence in functional traits and their plasticity across populations. We studied the entire environmental range of the Mediterranean gypsum endemic shrub <em>Helianthemum squamatum</em> to evaluate the factors underlying quantitative population differentiation and phenotypic plasticity to drought, using a common garden with 16 populations that covered the main geographic and the entire climatic range of the species. Sampling followed a hierarchical approach to assess trait genetic variation within and among four distinct geographical regions. We found high but similar plastic responses across populations, which were consistent with adaptive plasticity to drought, including advanced phenology, more sclerophyllous leaves, higher water use efficiency and larger seeds in dry conditions. Despite these generally similar plastic responses, we found significant population differentiation in quantitative traits, part of which was structured at the regional scale. Such differentiation was not associated with environmental variation, including differences in climate and soil conditions. This suggests that non-adaptive processes might have had a role on genetic differentiation in <em>H. squamatum</em>, likely due to the island-like configuration of gypsum habitats and the lack of effective seed dispersal of the study species. Our results emphasize the role of phenotypic plasticity in adaptive drought response and the importance of considering both adaptive and non-adaptive processes shaping intraspecific phenotypic variation, which is crucial for predicting plant population vulnerability to climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106011"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106013
Tarek Slatni , Aida Selmi , Nesrine Kalboussi , Hassène Zemni , Adel Echadly , Gregorio Barba Espin , José Antonio Hernandez , Hamza Elfil , Luísa Custódio , Tiago Braga , Pedro Diaz-Vivancos , Karim Ben Hamed
Salinity is one of the important environmental risks affecting agricultural production in the world. Under this condition and with the conventional cultivation methods, glycophyte plants, like tomato, are subjected to many stresses, such as ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutritional disturbance, oxidative damage and metabolic disorders, which cause growth inhibition and yield reduction. In this context, the main objective of our study was to compare the physiological, hormonal, metabolic and agronomic responses of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) grown in monoculture (TM) or intercropping (TH) with the halophytic species Arthrocaulon macrostachyum in a salt affected soil. The results showed that the intercropping system (TH) reduced the soil electrical conductivity, and Na+ and Cl- contents, improving mineral nutrition in tomato plants compared to TM. In addition, TH decreased the osmotic stress, improved water potential and increased water use efficiency in tomato plants, whereas the integrity of gas exchange parameters were maintained; as a consequence, an increase in tomato yield was achieved. Moreover, the ratio of stress hormones (ABA, SA and JA) to growth regulating hormones (GA, auxins and cytokinins) decreased under TH. Metabolomic analysis showed clear defined patterns of differentially accumulated metabolites. Some of the metabolites with higher abundance in TH were linked to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism pathways were downregulated. Our results support the importance of A. macrostachyum in the desalination of salt-affected soils and in the improvement of tomato yield in mixed culture. Indeed, this intercropping system offers farmers a low-cost biosolution that improves yields while respecting the environment.
{"title":"Intercropping salt-sensitive Solanum lycopersicum L. and salt-tolerant Arthrocaulon macrostachyum in salt-affected agricultural soil under open field conditions: Physiological, hormonal, metabolic and agronomic responses","authors":"Tarek Slatni , Aida Selmi , Nesrine Kalboussi , Hassène Zemni , Adel Echadly , Gregorio Barba Espin , José Antonio Hernandez , Hamza Elfil , Luísa Custódio , Tiago Braga , Pedro Diaz-Vivancos , Karim Ben Hamed","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity is one of the important environmental risks affecting agricultural production in the world. Under this condition and with the conventional cultivation methods, glycophyte plants, like tomato, are subjected to many stresses, such as ion toxicity, osmotic stress, nutritional disturbance, oxidative damage and metabolic disorders, which cause growth inhibition and yield reduction. In this context, the main objective of our study was to compare the physiological, hormonal, metabolic and agronomic responses of tomato plants (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em> L.) grown in monoculture (TM) or intercropping (TH) with the halophytic species <em>Arthrocaulon macrostachyum</em> in a salt affected soil. The results showed that the intercropping system (TH) reduced the soil electrical conductivity, and Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> contents, improving mineral nutrition in tomato plants compared to TM. In addition, TH decreased the osmotic stress, improved water potential and increased water use efficiency in tomato plants, whereas the integrity of gas exchange parameters were maintained; as a consequence, an increase in tomato yield was achieved. Moreover, the ratio of stress hormones (ABA, SA and JA) to growth regulating hormones (GA, auxins and cytokinins) decreased under TH. Metabolomic analysis showed clear defined patterns of differentially accumulated metabolites. Some of the metabolites with higher abundance in TH were linked to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and phenylalanine metabolism, whereas alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, monoterpenoid biosynthesis and butanoate metabolism pathways were downregulated. Our results support the importance of <em>A. macrostachyum</em> in the desalination of salt-affected soils and in the improvement of tomato yield in mixed culture. Indeed, this intercropping system offers farmers a low-cost biosolution that improves yields while respecting the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106006
L. De la Puente , A. Cera , J.M. Igual , A. Álvarez , F.J. Jiménez-Pastor , J.P. Ferrio , S. Palacio
Gypsum endemics (i.e. gypsophiles) have adapted to live in gypsum-rich soils where nutrient unbalance and drought can be extreme. Despite their relevance as plants adapted to extreme conditions, a complete analysis of the physiological responses of gypsophiles to drought is still lacking. Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum. Cours. is a conspicuous Iberian gypsophile that has been reported to use gypsum crystallization water during the driest period, but the mechanisms behind this process are unknown. To characterize gypsophile responses to drought and unravel the mechanisms underlying gypsum crystalline water use, H. squamatum plants were grown in pots with natural gypsum soil and gypsum soil with deuterium-labelled crystalline water. After three years, a drought experiment was carried out and whole-plant responses were investigated. Unexpectedly, the labelling treatment affected soil physicochemical characteristics and reduced microbial biomass and organic matter content, decreasing plant aerial biomass. H. squamatum plants did not use gypsum crystallization water during simulated drought neither in the labelled soil, nor in the natural one. Drought reduced plant transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use, photosynthetic rate and the foliar concentration of most elements except P and N, which were higher in the drought stressed plants. We detected increased root exudation of choline, an osmoprotector, by drought stressed plants. The drought treatment also affected the structure of microbial communities but did not reduce the relative abundance of functional microbial groups, highly adapted to the natural drought pulses. Our results highlight an integrated water-saving strategy of H. squamatum plants in the short-term, where responses at the leaf level are combined with belowground processes, like altered root exudation. Our findings also underline the remarkable resistance to drought of microbial communities present in gypsum soils.
石膏特有植物（即嗜石膏植物）已经适应了在富含石膏的土壤中生活，在这种土壤中，养分失衡和干旱的情况可能非常严重。尽管它们是适应极端条件的植物，但目前仍缺乏对嗜石膏植物对干旱的生理反应的全面分析。Helianthemum squamatum (L.) Dum.Cours.是伊比利亚一种明显的嗜石膏植物，有报道称它会在最干旱的时期利用石膏结晶水，但这一过程背后的机制尚不清楚。为了描述嗜石膏植物对干旱的反应，并揭示石膏结晶水利用的内在机制，我们在盆栽中种植了 H. squamatum 植物，其中有天然石膏土壤，也有含氘标记结晶水的石膏土壤。三年后，进行了干旱实验，并调查了植物的整体反应。出乎意料的是，标记处理影响了土壤理化特性，降低了微生物生物量和有机质含量，减少了植物的气生生物量。在模拟干旱期间，无论是在贴标土壤中还是在天然土壤中，H. squamatum 植物都没有使用石膏结晶水。干旱降低了植物的蒸腾作用、气孔导度、水分利用率、光合速率和大多数元素的叶片浓度，但 P 和 N 元素除外，干旱胁迫植物的 P 和 N 元素浓度更高。我们发现干旱胁迫植物根部渗出的胆碱（一种渗透保护剂）有所增加。干旱处理也影响了微生物群落的结构，但并没有降低高度适应自然干旱脉冲的功能微生物群的相对丰度。我们的研究结果突显了 H. squamatum 植物在短期内的综合节水策略，即叶片层面的反应与地下过程相结合，如改变根系渗出。我们的研究结果还强调了石膏土壤中微生物群落对干旱的显著抵抗力。
{"title":"Integrated above and below-ground responses of the gypsum specialist Helianthemum squamatum (L.). to drought","authors":"L. De la Puente , A. Cera , J.M. Igual , A. Álvarez , F.J. Jiménez-Pastor , J.P. Ferrio , S. Palacio","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gypsum endemics (i.e. gypsophiles) have adapted to live in gypsum-rich soils where nutrient unbalance and drought can be extreme. Despite their relevance as plants adapted to extreme conditions, a complete analysis of the physiological responses of gypsophiles to drought is still lacking. <em>Helianthemum squamatum</em> (L.) Dum. Cours. is a conspicuous Iberian gypsophile that has been reported to use gypsum crystallization water during the driest period, but the mechanisms behind this process are unknown. To characterize gypsophile responses to drought and unravel the mechanisms underlying gypsum crystalline water use, <em>H. squamatum</em> plants were grown in pots with natural gypsum soil and gypsum soil with deuterium-labelled crystalline water. After three years, a drought experiment was carried out and whole-plant responses were investigated. Unexpectedly, the labelling treatment affected soil physicochemical characteristics and reduced microbial biomass and organic matter content, decreasing plant aerial biomass. <em>H. squamatum</em> plants did not use gypsum crystallization water during simulated drought neither in the labelled soil, nor in the natural one. Drought reduced plant transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use, photosynthetic rate and the foliar concentration of most elements except P and N, which were higher in the drought stressed plants. We detected increased root exudation of choline, an osmoprotector, by drought stressed plants. The drought treatment also affected the structure of microbial communities but did not reduce the relative abundance of functional microbial groups, highly adapted to the natural drought pulses. Our results highlight an integrated water-saving strategy of <em>H. squamatum</em> plants in the short-term, where responses at the leaf level are combined with belowground processes, like altered root exudation. Our findings also underline the remarkable resistance to drought of microbial communities present in gypsum soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106006"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abiotic stresses, including thermal extremes, water scarcity, metal toxicity, and high salinity levels, pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability and food security. These stresses, driven by climate change, soil degradation, and pollution, disrupt water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and cellular integrity. Consequently, plant growth, production, and yield are significantly reduced, highlighting the need for sustainable techniques, like utilizing soil microbes, which is crucial for effectively alleviating abiotic stress in plants. Microbial inoculation, particularly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), significantly mitigates these stresses. These microorganisms enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance through mechanisms like nutrient solubilization, polyamine accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. They improve plant physiological responses, such as photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, and contribute to ultrastructural stability by maintaining membrane integrity and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes like trehalose, proline, polyamines (PA), and glycine betaine (GB). The activation of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) further reduces oxidative stress. Key signaling pathways, including the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade and Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling, play critical roles in plant responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. Additionally, aquaporins (AQPs), Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are integral to abiotic stress resistance. Microbial symbiosis enhances these pathways, promoting ion homeostasis and stress resilience. Overall, understanding the intricate interactions between plants and soil microbes, coupled with sustainable agricultural practices, is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to abiotic stresses and ensuring food security amidst climate change. This review paper emphasizes the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on agricultural sustainability and food security, highlighting the imperative for sustainable techniques like utilization of soil microbes to effectively mitigate these stresses and enhance crop resilience.
{"title":"Insights into the multifaceted roles of soil microbes in mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants: A review","authors":"Madhulika Singh , Sunil Kumar Singh , Jai Gopal Sharma , Bhoopander Giri","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stresses, including thermal extremes, water scarcity, metal toxicity, and high salinity levels, pose significant challenges to agricultural sustainability and food security. These stresses, driven by climate change, soil degradation, and pollution, disrupt water and nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and cellular integrity. Consequently, plant growth, production, and yield are significantly reduced, highlighting the need for sustainable techniques, like utilizing soil microbes, which is crucial for effectively alleviating abiotic stress in plants. Microbial inoculation, particularly with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), significantly mitigates these stresses. These microorganisms enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and stress tolerance through mechanisms like nutrient solubilization, polyamine accumulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. They improve plant physiological responses, such as photosynthesis rates and stomatal conductance, and contribute to ultrastructural stability by maintaining membrane integrity and promoting the accumulation of osmolytes like trehalose, proline, polyamines (PA), and glycine betaine (GB). The activation of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) further reduces oxidative stress. Key signaling pathways, including the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade and Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) signaling, play critical roles in plant responses to osmotic and ionic stresses. Additionally, aquaporins (AQPs), Calcium-Dependent Protein Kinases (CDPKs) and Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins are integral to abiotic stress resistance. Microbial symbiosis enhances these pathways, promoting ion homeostasis and stress resilience. Overall, understanding the intricate interactions between plants and soil microbes, coupled with sustainable agricultural practices, is crucial for enhancing crop resilience to abiotic stresses and ensuring food security amidst climate change. This review paper emphasizes the detrimental impacts of abiotic stresses on agricultural sustainability and food security, highlighting the imperative for sustainable techniques like utilization of soil microbes to effectively mitigate these stresses and enhance crop resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106008
Agnieszka Ludwiczak , Paweł Kapusta , Paulina Chapko , Jakub Wojtasik , Anna Wojciechowska , Agnieszka Piernik
Parental environment can significantly influence a range of plant traits across different growth phases and developmental stages. The impact of parental salinity variability on offspring germination and environmental factor response still requires thorough investigation. Therefore, we investigated seeds of Tripolium pannonicum L. from low-saline (Cie) and high-saline (Ino) habitats to elucidate the germination potential and adaptation potential of progeny to varying salinity levels. Germination and growth experiments were conducted to analyze germination parameters, plant areas, water-related traits, the concentration of organic solutes, malondialdehyde, and the activity of crucial oxidative defence enzymes. In the germination experiment, Cie seeds demonstrated higher germination potential with longer germination time under 200–400 mM NaCl compare with Ino seeds. The Cie population achieved the highest shoot and roots area at 100 mM and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The Ino population exhibited its highest shoot and roots area at 200 mM NaCl. The Ino population indicated an increase in stem cortex cell area at 400 mM NaCl. The Ino population enhanced the synthesis of osmolytes as part of the salinity tolerance mechanism. Antioxidant enzyme analysis indicated higher peroxidase activity in Ino and higher superoxide dismutase activity in Cie under salinity, suggesting distinct enzymatic roles in salinity adaptation between populations. Our findings highlight the critical role of parental environmental conditions in shaping progeny traits, enhancing germination potential, and enabling adaptation of progeny plants to diverse environmental niches. The study underscores population-specific responses to environmental factor, emphasizing the complexity of halophyte adaptation mechanisms to salinity.
在不同的生长阶段和发育阶段，亲本环境会对一系列植物性状产生重大影响。亲本盐度变化对子代萌发和环境因子反应的影响仍需深入研究。因此，我们研究了来自低盐度（Cie）和高盐度（Ino）生境的Tripolium pannonicum L.种子，以阐明后代对不同盐度的萌发潜力和适应潜力。发芽和生长实验分析了发芽参数、植株面积、与水有关的性状、有机溶质浓度、丙二醛和关键氧化防御酶的活性。在萌发实验中，与伊诺种子相比，Cie 种子在 200-400 mM NaCl 条件下表现出更高的萌发潜力和更长的萌发时间。在 100 mM 和 300 mM NaCl 条件下，Cie 群体的芽和根面积最大。伊诺群体在 200 mM NaCl 下的芽和根面积最大。在 400 mM NaCl 时，伊诺群体的茎皮层细胞面积有所增加。作为耐盐机制的一部分，伊诺群体增强了渗透溶质的合成。抗氧化酶分析表明，在盐度条件下，Ino群体的过氧化物酶活性较高，而Cie群体的超氧化物歧化酶活性较高，这表明不同群体在盐度适应过程中发挥着不同的酶作用。我们的研究结果突显了亲本环境条件在塑造后代性状、提高发芽潜力以及使后代植物适应不同环境中的关键作用。这项研究强调了特定种群对环境因素的反应，突出了盐生植物适应盐度机制的复杂性。
{"title":"Parental environment as a factor shaping salinity tolerance in halophyte Tripolium pannonicum L.","authors":"Agnieszka Ludwiczak , Paweł Kapusta , Paulina Chapko , Jakub Wojtasik , Anna Wojciechowska , Agnieszka Piernik","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental environment can significantly influence a range of plant traits across different growth phases and developmental stages. The impact of parental salinity variability on offspring germination and environmental factor response still requires thorough investigation. Therefore, we investigated seeds of <em>Tripolium pannonicum</em> L. from low-saline (Cie) and high-saline (Ino) habitats to elucidate the germination potential and adaptation potential of progeny to varying salinity levels. Germination and growth experiments were conducted to analyze germination parameters, plant areas, water-related traits, the concentration of organic solutes, malondialdehyde, and the activity of crucial oxidative defence enzymes. In the germination experiment, Cie seeds demonstrated higher germination potential with longer germination time under 200–400 mM NaCl compare with Ino seeds. The Cie population achieved the highest shoot and roots area at 100 mM and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The Ino population exhibited its highest shoot and roots area at 200 mM NaCl. The Ino population indicated an increase in stem cortex cell area at 400 mM NaCl. The Ino population enhanced the synthesis of osmolytes as part of the salinity tolerance mechanism. Antioxidant enzyme analysis indicated higher peroxidase activity in Ino and higher superoxide dismutase activity in Cie under salinity, suggesting distinct enzymatic roles in salinity adaptation between populations. Our findings highlight the critical role of parental environmental conditions in shaping progeny traits, enhancing germination potential, and enabling adaptation of progeny plants to diverse environmental niches. The study underscores population-specific responses to environmental factor, emphasizing the complexity of halophyte adaptation mechanisms to salinity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106008"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106009
Leticia Moreno , Marshall C. Lamb , Christopher L. Butts , Ronald B. Sorensen , R. Scott Tubbs , W. Scott Monfort , Timothy L. Grey , Cristiane Pilon
Sub-optimal water supply during crop development, especially during peak flowering and pod filling, affects the quality of the produced seeds, generally resulting in poor seed quality. The goals of this study were to identify the acquisition pattern of physiological components in peanut seeds as well as to assess the impact of drought during peanut seed development on its physiological quality. The research was conducted at the USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, GA for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021) using field conditions under two water regimes, well-watered control and drought stress. Rainout shelters were used to prevent rain in the drought-stressed block for 30 d, starting 80 d after planting. The well-watered block received supplemental irrigation when soil water potential reached −40 kPa. Peanut pods from the cultivar Georgia-06G were harvested at 2500 growing degree days, and the peanut maturity profile board was used to classify the pods into different maturity classes. Germination, vigor, desiccation tolerance (DT), and longevity tests were performed on seeds from each maturity class and both water regimes. The acquisition pattern for the physiological components of seed quality was developed for seeds grown under well-watered and drought conditions. Maximum germination occurred in 'brown 1' and 'brown 2' under drought and well-watered conditions, respectively. Both water regimes reached maximum vigor in the 'brown 1'; however, under well-watered conditions, vigor had a rapid decline after 'brown 1' while under drought stress, the decline in vigor was slower. Maximum DT was achieved between ‘orange’ and 'brown 1' under drought conditions, whereas under well-watered conditions, maximum DT was achieved between 'brown 2' and 'black 1'. Seeds from immature classes had lower capacity to be stored compared with mature seeds. Overall, drought stress promoted greater physiological quality in the peanut seeds than the well-watered treatment. Maximum physiological quality was achieved in the transition from ‘orange’ into 'brown 1' under drought conditions, and in the transition from 'brown 2' to 'black 1' class under well-watered conditions. Also, drought stress preserved seed quality for a longer period.
{"title":"Drought alters the physiological quality of runner-type peanut seeds during seed formation","authors":"Leticia Moreno , Marshall C. Lamb , Christopher L. Butts , Ronald B. Sorensen , R. Scott Tubbs , W. Scott Monfort , Timothy L. Grey , Cristiane Pilon","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sub-optimal water supply during crop development, especially during peak flowering and pod filling, affects the quality of the produced seeds, generally resulting in poor seed quality. The goals of this study were to identify the acquisition pattern of physiological components in peanut seeds as well as to assess the impact of drought during peanut seed development on its physiological quality. The research was conducted at the USDA-ARS National Peanut Research Laboratory in Dawson, GA for three consecutive years (2019, 2020, and 2021) using field conditions under two water regimes, well-watered control and drought stress. Rainout shelters were used to prevent rain in the drought-stressed block for 30 d, starting 80 d after planting. The well-watered block received supplemental irrigation when soil water potential reached −40 kPa. Peanut pods from the cultivar Georgia-06G were harvested at 2500 growing degree days, and the peanut maturity profile board was used to classify the pods into different maturity classes. Germination, vigor, desiccation tolerance (DT), and longevity tests were performed on seeds from each maturity class and both water regimes. The acquisition pattern for the physiological components of seed quality was developed for seeds grown under well-watered and drought conditions. Maximum germination occurred in 'brown 1' and 'brown 2' under drought and well-watered conditions, respectively. Both water regimes reached maximum vigor in the 'brown 1'; however, under well-watered conditions, vigor had a rapid decline after 'brown 1' while under drought stress, the decline in vigor was slower. Maximum DT was achieved between ‘orange’ and 'brown 1' under drought conditions, whereas under well-watered conditions, maximum DT was achieved between 'brown 2' and 'black 1'. Seeds from immature classes had lower capacity to be stored compared with mature seeds. Overall, drought stress promoted greater physiological quality in the peanut seeds than the well-watered treatment. Maximum physiological quality was achieved in the transition from ‘orange’ into 'brown 1' under drought conditions, and in the transition from 'brown 2' to 'black 1' class under well-watered conditions. Also, drought stress preserved seed quality for a longer period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106009"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106007
Tatiane V. Debiasi , Anderson K. Calzavara , Diego G. Gomes , Izabelle R. Andreas , Artur B.L. Rondina , Karoline E. Duarte , Rodrigo M. Pereira , Bruno L. Batista , José A. Pimenta , Amedea B. Seabra , Danilo C. Centeno , Marília Gaspar , Halley C. Oliveira
Light intensity plays a crucial role in N uptake and assimilation in plants, but its interaction with different N sources is overlooked. Considering the high energy required for N assimilation, it is hypothesised that low light is critical for the seedling development with both N sources, but with increased light intensity, growing with nitrate (NO3-) becomes favourable in relation to ammonium (NH4+). Seedlings of Cecropia pachystachya (pioneer), Guarea kunthiana (shade-tolerant, understory) and Cariniana estrellensis (shade-tolerant, canopy) were grown in hydroponic medium with NO3- or NH4+ as the sole N source and subjected to low (LL) or high light (HL) for 60 days. All three species showed a decrease in growth when cultivated with NH4+, compared to NO3-, under HL, but not under LL. The decrease in biomass reached 54 % in C. pachystachya, 36 % in G. kunthiana and 26 % in C. estrellensis. Growth reduction was associated with stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and reduced leaf area in C. pachystachya, and with non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in G. kunthiana. Cation uptake was negatively affected by NH4+ in all species. Cariniana estrellensis showed no photosynthetic limitation and showed a higher tolerance to NH4+ under HL in terms of nutrient content. In conclusion, neither N source significantly favors seedling development under LL, while NH4+ is considerably more unfavorable for seedling development than NO3- under HL.
{"title":"Influence of light intensity on the responses of seedlings of neotropical tree species to nitrogen source","authors":"Tatiane V. Debiasi , Anderson K. Calzavara , Diego G. Gomes , Izabelle R. Andreas , Artur B.L. Rondina , Karoline E. Duarte , Rodrigo M. Pereira , Bruno L. Batista , José A. Pimenta , Amedea B. Seabra , Danilo C. Centeno , Marília Gaspar , Halley C. Oliveira","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light intensity plays a crucial role in N uptake and assimilation in plants, but its interaction with different N sources is overlooked. Considering the high energy required for N assimilation, it is hypothesised that low light is critical for the seedling development with both N sources, but with increased light intensity, growing with nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) becomes favourable in relation to ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>). Seedlings of <em>Cecropia pachystachya</em> (pioneer), <em>Guarea kunthiana</em> (shade-tolerant, understory) and <em>Cariniana estrellensis</em> (shade-tolerant, canopy) were grown in hydroponic medium with NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> or NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> as the sole N source and subjected to low (LL) or high light (HL) for 60 days. All three species showed a decrease in growth when cultivated with NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, compared to NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, under HL, but not under LL. The decrease in biomass reached 54 % in <em>C. pachystachya</em>, 36 % in <em>G. kunthiana</em> and 26 % in <em>C. estrellensis</em>. Growth reduction was associated with stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and reduced leaf area in <em>C. pachystachya</em>, and with non-stomatal limitation of photosynthesis and oxidative stress in <em>G. kunthiana</em>. Cation uptake was negatively affected by NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in all species. <em>Cariniana estrellensis</em> showed no photosynthetic limitation and showed a higher tolerance to NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> under HL in terms of nutrient content. In conclusion, neither N source significantly favors seedling development under LL, while NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> is considerably more unfavorable for seedling development than NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> under HL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 106007"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vallisneria natans, as submerged aquatic plants, face significant threats from aluminium (Al) toxicity. While the effects of Al at low pH on terrestrial plants have been extensively studied, there is a lack of research on the impacts of both low and high pH on chloroplast ultrastructure and nutrient uptake in submerged plants. This research is important as it aims to fill this gap by exposing the leaves of Vallisneria natans to 100 μM Al at varying pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5) for 48 hours. The results showed that inorganic carbon (CT), CO2, and HCO3 content increased at extreme pH levels (4.5 and 9.5), suggesting decreased inorganic carbon utilization under Al stress. Additionally, photosystem II efficiency and electron transport rate were significantly reduced at extreme pH levels, highlighting the sensitivity of V. natans to Al. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content were significantly lower at pH 4.5 compared to pH 7.5. Chloroplast structural disruptions were evident at extreme pH levels coupled with Al exposure, whereas minimal injury was observed at pH 5.5 and 7.5. The study also noted vacuole enlargement, altered plasma membrane permeability, and hematoxylin staining, indicating Al accumulation in leaves. ICP analysis revealed increased Al content at extreme pH levels, underscoring heightened Al bioavailability and toxicity. Significant reductions in macro and micronutrient content (P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn) were observed, likely due to Al-induced root and cell damage and altered nutrient uptake. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between Al exposure, pH fluctuations, and their cascading effects on the physiology and elemental composition of Vallisneria natans, highlighting the need for further research and environmental management strategies.
水生植物 Vallisneria natans 面临着铝（Al）毒性的巨大威胁。虽然低 pH 值的铝对陆生植物的影响已被广泛研究，但有关低 pH 值和高 pH 值对沉水植物叶绿体超微结构和养分吸收的影响的研究却很缺乏。这项研究旨在填补这一空白，它在不同的 pH 值（4.5、5.5、7.5 和 9.5）条件下将裸冠菊叶片暴露在 100 μM Al 中 48 小时。结果表明，在极端 pH 水平（4.5 和 9.5）下，无机碳（CT）、CO2 和 HCO3 含量增加，表明在 Al 胁迫下无机碳利用率降低。此外，在极端 pH 值下，光系统 II 的效率和电子传输速率显著降低，这突出表明了裸冠菊对 Al 的敏感性。叶绿素 a 和总叶绿素含量在 pH 值为 4.5 时明显低于 pH 值为 7.5 时。在极端 pH 值和 Al 暴露条件下，叶绿体结构明显受到破坏，而在 pH 值为 5.5 和 7.5 时，受到的伤害最小。研究还注意到液泡增大、质膜通透性改变和苏木精染色，表明铝在叶片中积累。ICP 分析显示，在极端的 pH 值水平下，铝的含量会增加，这说明铝的生物利用率和毒性都有所提高。观察到大量和微量营养元素（磷、镁、钾、铁、锌、硼、锰）含量显著减少，这可能是由于铝引起的根系和细胞损伤以及养分吸收的改变。这些发现强调了铝暴露、pH 值波动及其对裸冠菊生理和元素组成的连锁效应之间复杂的相互作用，突出了进一步研究和环境管理策略的必要性。
{"title":"Aluminium bioavailability and toxicity disrupted chloroplast structure and inhibited inorganic carbon utilization and nutrient uptake in Vallisneria natans at acidic and alkaline pH","authors":"Shahbaz Khan , Runan Li , Ruxue Pan , Chuanling Zhang , Yanfei Lv , Hua Tang , Jiaquan Huang , Liyan Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Vallisneria natans</em>, as submerged aquatic plants, face significant threats from aluminium (Al) toxicity. While the effects of Al at low pH on terrestrial plants have been extensively studied, there is a lack of research on the impacts of both low and high pH on chloroplast ultrastructure and nutrient uptake in submerged plants. This research is important as it aims to fill this gap by exposing the leaves of Vallisneria natans to 100 μM Al at varying pH levels (4.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5) for 48 hours. The results showed that inorganic carbon (CT), CO<sub>2</sub>, and HCO<sub>3</sub> content increased at extreme pH levels (4.5 and 9.5), suggesting decreased inorganic carbon utilization under Al stress. Additionally, photosystem II efficiency and electron transport rate were significantly reduced at extreme pH levels, highlighting the sensitivity of V. natans to Al. Chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll content were significantly lower at pH 4.5 compared to pH 7.5. Chloroplast structural disruptions were evident at extreme pH levels coupled with Al exposure, whereas minimal injury was observed at pH 5.5 and 7.5. The study also noted vacuole enlargement, altered plasma membrane permeability, and hematoxylin staining, indicating Al accumulation in leaves. ICP analysis revealed increased Al content at extreme pH levels, underscoring heightened Al bioavailability and toxicity. Significant reductions in macro and micronutrient content (P, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, B, Mn) were observed, likely due to Al-induced root and cell damage and altered nutrient uptake. These findings emphasize the complex interplay between Al exposure, pH fluctuations, and their cascading effects on the physiology and elemental composition of <em>Vallisneria natans</em>, highlighting the need for further research and environmental management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 105997"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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