Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第4页

Linking stomatal function with photosynthetic light reactions and stress response in faba bean 蚕豆气孔功能与光合光反应和胁迫响应的关系

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106290

Alexey Shapiguzov , Matleena Punkkinen , Tuomo Laine , Satu Engström , Pedro J. Aphalo , Hamid Khazaei

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a key protein crop, but its cultivation and yield stability are hindered by a number of environmental stresses. Stomata regulate gas exchange between the plant and atmosphere, playing a central role in photosynthesis and mediating plant responses to a wide range of environmental stressors. This study aimed to investigate variations in photosynthetic regulation in faba bean, and to examine leaf temperature and the response to short-term acute ozone (O₃) exposure as proxies for stomatal function. Here, we used a high-throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) platform to screen 196 faba bean genotypes for photosynthetic and stomatal function under controlled conditions. A subset of extreme genotypes, identified based on relative leaf tempreture from the initial screening, was exposed to a 450 ppb O₃ treatment. Our results revealed strong positive relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and relative leaf temperature. A three-fold difference in relative leaf temperature was observed among genotypes. The O₃ treatment caused signicantly less damage in genotypes with higher leaf temperature compared to those with lower leaf temperature (p < 0.001). By combining a HTPP platform with elevated O₃ stress treatment, we identified faba bean genotypes with contrasting stomatal responses to the O₃ exposure. Our results advance understanding of the regulation mechanisms of photosynthetic light reactions and the role of stomatal function in modulating faba bean responses to environmental stressors.

蚕豆（Vicia Faba L.）是一种重要的蛋白质作物，但其栽培和产量稳定性受到许多环境胁迫的阻碍。气孔调节植物与大气之间的气体交换，在光合作用和调节植物对各种环境胁迫的反应中起着核心作用。本研究旨在研究蚕豆光合调节的变化，并研究叶片温度和对短期急性臭氧（O₃）暴露的响应作为气孔功能的替代指标。本研究利用高通量植物表型（HTPP）平台，在控制条件下筛选了196个蚕豆基因型的光合和气孔功能。根据最初筛选的相对叶片温度确定的极端基因型的一个子集暴露在450ppb的O₃处理下。结果表明，光合效率与叶片相对温度呈正相关。不同基因型的相对叶温差异达3倍。与叶温较低的基因型相比，高叶温基因型的O₃处理造成的损害显著减少（p <； 0.001）。通过将HTPP平台与升高的O₃胁迫处理相结合，我们鉴定了蚕豆基因型，并对比了气孔对O₃暴露的响应。本研究结果有助于进一步了解蚕豆光合光反应的调节机制以及气孔功能在调节蚕豆对环境胁迫反应中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

PFOS effects on root stem cell maintenance and regeneration by suppressing the stem cell factor PLT2 PFOS通过抑制干细胞因子PLT2对根干细胞维持和再生的影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106279

Chenglin Wang , Che Sun , Ke Ning , Shan He , Xin Hua , Jiayu Guo , Yuting Lin , Lanlan Zheng , Yonghong Zhang , Lei You , Zheyong Xue , Chen Li , Juan Liu , Xihua Li

Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant, poses significant environmental risks due to its widespread contamination of agricultural systems. However, its phytotoxic mechanisms on Arabidopsis root growth and regeneration remain incompletely understood. In this study, we systematically investigated PFOS phytotoxicity and revealed its multimodal inhibitory effects on root growth, stem cell maintenance and regeneration. Our results demonstrated that PFOS exposure induced concentration-dependent reductions in primary root length, meristem size, and meristematic cortex cell number. Crucially, we observed downregulation of PLT2 expression in the root stem cell niche, whereas the auxin transporters PIN1/PIN2 and other key stem cell regulators (SHR, SCR, PLT1) remained largely unaltered under PFOS stress. This suppression of PLT2 correlated with both meristem dysfunction and impaired regeneration capacity. Furthermore, PFOS triggered oxidative stress and promoted root cell death. Taken together, these findings provide crucial insights into the mechanisms of PFOS phytotoxicity. The discovery of PLT2-mediated effects offers new perspectives for understanding how pollutants affect plant development and regeneration.

全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）是一种持久性有机污染物，由于其广泛污染农业系统而造成重大环境风险。然而，其对拟南芥根系生长和再生的植物毒性机制尚不完全清楚。在本研究中，我们系统地研究了全氟辛烷磺酸的植物毒性，揭示了其对根生长、干细胞维持和再生的多模式抑制作用。我们的研究结果表明，全氟辛烷磺酸暴露诱导初生根长度、分生组织大小和分生组织皮层细胞数量的浓度依赖性减少。关键是，我们观察到PLT2在根干细胞生态位中的表达下调，而生长素转运体PIN1/PIN2和其他关键的干细胞调节因子（SHR， SCR, PLT1）在PFOS胁迫下基本保持不变。PLT2的抑制与分生组织功能障碍和再生能力受损相关。此外，全氟辛烷磺酸引发氧化应激，促进根细胞死亡。综上所述，这些发现为全氟辛烷磺酸植物毒性机制提供了重要见解。plt2介导效应的发现为理解污染物如何影响植物发育和再生提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Genome-enabled phosphorus acquisition strategy drives the rapid reproduction of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) leading to global invasion 基因组激活磷获取策略驱动水葫芦（Pontederia crassipes）快速繁殖导致全球入侵

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106278

Fangyu Liu , Linhe Sun , Yunhan Li , Yangyang Deng , Jixiang Liu , Wei Wang , Jinfeng Li , Zhengnan Zhang , Yingchun Xu , Yajun Chang , Yaoyao Wu , Jian Cui , Dongrui Yao

The global expansion of water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) endangers water ecological security and high-quality economic development; moreover, its invasion mechanism at the genomic and molecular levels remains unclear. Here, a high-quality, chromosome-level genome of water hyacinth (1.25 Gb; N50 = 80.91 Mb) was assembled for the first time. Of the 59,361 genes, 64,988 transcripts were annotated using transcriptome data from five distinct water hyacinth tissues. Compared to the allied species Pontederia cordata, one more whole-genome duplication event occurred approximately 4 Mya. Gene families related to P metabolic pathways have significantly expanded during evolution. Nine of the twenty-two differentially expressed genes between stolons and other tissues were involved in P metabolism, including four genes that encode purple acid phosphatases (PAPs). Under 2.0 P, water hyacinth ramets exhibited a 1.4-fold increase compared to those under 1.0 P during the 40-day culture. Acid phosphatase content in roots significantly increased from 219.42 ± 78.10 U/g under P deficiency stress to 44.89 ± 15.23 U/g under P-sufficient water (p < 0.05). Organic P can restore water hyacinth growth under P deficiency. Subcellular localisation showed that PcPAP19 and PcPAP53 were located in the cell membrane. Thus, PcPAPs play a key role in P regulation during water hyacinth growth. These findings demonstrate how the assembled genome advances understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying P-use efficiency and proliferation in plants.

水葫芦（Pontederia crassipes）的全球扩张危及水生态安全和经济高质量发展；此外，其在基因组和分子水平上的侵袭机制尚不清楚。本研究首次组装了高质量的水葫芦染色体水平基因组（1.25 Gb; N50 = 80.91 Mb）。在59,361个基因中，使用来自五种不同水葫芦组织的转录组数据对64,988个转录本进行了注释。与亲缘物种Pontederia cordata相比，大约在4000万年前多发生了一次全基因组复制事件。与磷代谢途径相关的基因家族在进化过程中显著扩大。匍匐茎与其他组织之间22个差异表达基因中有9个与P代谢有关，其中包括4个编码紫色酸性磷酸酶（PAPs）的基因。在2.0 P处理下，水葫芦株在40 d的培养过程中比1.0 P处理下增加了1.4倍。根系酸性磷酸酶含量由缺磷胁迫下的219.42 ± 78.10 U/g显著增加至富磷胁迫下的44.89 ± 15.23 U/g （P <； 0.05）。有机磷能恢复缺磷条件下水葫芦的生长。亚细胞定位显示，PcPAP19和PcPAP53位于细胞膜上。因此，PcPAPs在水葫芦生长过程中对磷的调控中起关键作用。这些发现证明了组装基因组如何促进对植物p利用效率和增殖的分子机制的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Abscisic acid plays a pivotal role in stomatal defense at the early infection of Verticillium dahliae in Gossypium hirsutum 脱落酸在棉花大丽黄萎病侵染初期气孔防御中起关键作用

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106282

Shujuan Xue , Kun Li , Heng Zhang , Shican Xu , Yunfeng Dou , Luyao Li , Yuxin Ning , Xiao Wang , Kunpeng Jia , Jose R. Botella , Yuchen Miao

Plant leaf stomata serve as primary conduits for gas exchange while simultaneously mediating immune responses against phyllosphere pathogen infection and colonization. However, the contribution of stomatal responses to interactions between plants and the rhizosphere pathogen Verticillium dahliae (V. dahliae) remains poorly understood. Our results show that inoculation of cotton roots with V. dahliae induces rapid stomatal closure preceding pathogen colonization of leaves, which is associated with elevated levels of second messengers including hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), cytosolic calcium (Ca²⁺), and nitric oxide (NO). Transcriptomic analyses reveal that hormone signaling pathways predominantly govern stomatal-mediated immunity. Specifically, accumulation of endogenous salicylic acid (SA) promotes stomatal closure in an abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent manner in response to V. dahliae infection. Live imaging indicates that during early infection stages, stomatal opening facilitates increased V. dahliae colonization and disease progression, highlighting the important function of stomatal dynamics and hydraulic regulation in V. dahliae-cotton interactions. Our findings establish a link between stomata and V. dahliae infection, providing a new understanding of stomatal biology in the context of plant-rhizosphere pathogen interactions. Further understanding of the stomatal response to V. dahliae infection may provide new strategies to enhance Verticillium wilt resistance in cotton.

植物叶片气孔作为气体交换的主要通道，同时介导对叶层病原体感染和定植的免疫反应。然而，植物与根际病原菌大丽花黄萎病（V. dahliae）相互作用时气孔响应的贡献仍然知之甚少。我们的研究结果表明，用大丽花弧菌接种棉花根部可诱导叶片在病原体定植之前快速关闭气孔，这与过氧化氢（H2O2）、胞质钙（Ca 2 +）和一氧化氮（NO）等第二信使水平升高有关。转录组学分析表明，激素信号通路主要控制气孔介导的免疫。具体来说，内源性水杨酸（SA）的积累以脱落酸（ABA）依赖的方式促进气孔关闭，以应对大丽花感染。实时成像显示，在感染早期，气孔开放促进了大丽花定植和疾病进展，突出了气孔动力学和水力调节在大丽花与棉花相互作用中的重要作用。我们的研究结果建立了气孔与大丽花感染之间的联系，为植物与根际病原体相互作用背景下的气孔生物学提供了新的认识。进一步了解气孔对大丽花侵染的响应，可为提高棉花黄萎病抗性提供新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Hydration-driven metabolic activity enhances the resilience of Xanthoria parietina (L.) Th. Fr. to nitrate stress 水合代谢活性增强顶叶黄腐菌（Xanthoria parietina）的恢复力Th。对硝酸盐胁迫

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106276

Jakub Styburski , Kaja Skubała

Lichens can utilise nitrogen in molecular, reduced, and oxidized forms, but they preferentially use ammonium due to low energetic cost of its assimilation. The effects of ammonium on lichen physiology have been extensively studied, whereas much less is known about lichen responses to nitrate. Lichens depend on external water sources to hydrate the thallus, which triggers metabolic activity essential for dealing with environmental stress. We aimed to determine the effect of exposure to nitrate under different humidity conditions on the physiological response, as well as ammonium and nitrate accumulation in Xanthoria parietina. Lichen samples were exposed to nitrate for 30 days under two humidity conditions, with physiological traits measured before and after the experiment. Our study demonstrated that air humidity and the related time of thallus hydration strongly influenced the physiological response of X. parietina. Lichens exposed to high air humidity maintained hydration for longer, which extended the period of potential metabolic activity. This contributed to low oxidative stress and high water-soluble protein concentrations. Conversely, nitrate exposure under low-humidity conditions triggered oxidative stress due to the accumulation of toxic ammonia in cells. Lichens were able to take up nitrate ions; however, their ability to assimilate these ions remains unclear. The revealed pattern suggests that the duration of metabolic activity may be a critical factor in determining lichen resilience to nitrate stress. Our results have important implications in the context of climate change, in which water availability is becoming increasingly unpredictable, suggesting that metabolic activity sustained under favourable moisture conditions may be critical for maintaining lichen physiological performance.

地衣可以利用分子、还原和氧化形式的氮，但它们优先使用铵，因为其同化的能量成本低。铵对地衣生理的影响已被广泛研究，而地衣对硝酸盐的反应知之甚少。地衣依靠外部水源为菌体补水，这触发了应对环境压力所必需的代谢活动。本研究旨在研究不同湿度条件下硝酸盐暴露对顶叶黄腐菌生理反应及铵态氮和硝态氮积累的影响。将地衣样品在两种湿度条件下暴露于硝酸盐中30 d，测定实验前后的生理性状。研究表明，空气湿度和菌体水化的相关时间对顶骨草的生理反应有很大影响。暴露在高空气湿度环境下的地衣维持水合作用的时间更长，从而延长了潜在代谢活动的时间。这有助于低氧化应激和高水溶性蛋白浓度。相反，低湿度条件下的硝酸盐暴露会引发氧化应激，因为细胞中积累了有毒的氨。地衣能够吸收硝酸盐离子；然而，它们吸收这些离子的能力尚不清楚。揭示的模式表明，代谢活动的持续时间可能是决定地衣对硝酸盐胁迫恢复能力的关键因素。我们的研究结果在气候变化的背景下具有重要意义，其中水的可用性变得越来越不可预测，这表明在有利的水分条件下持续的代谢活动可能对维持地衣的生理性能至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Helium-enriched solution enhances rapeseed salinity tolerance via reestablishing ion homeostasis and decreasing methylglyoxal accumulation 富氦溶液通过重建离子稳态和减少甲基乙二醛积累来增强油菜的耐盐性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106277

Genmei Chen , Ke Jiang , Chenxu Cai , Rongzhan Guan , Wenbiao Shen

Helium was previously regarded as a biologically inert gas. However, whether or how this by-product of natural gas influences crop physiology remains largely unknown. Here, our hydroponic experiments showed that helium-enriched solution increases NaCl tolerance in rapeseed, as seedling root growth was less inhibited than saline solution alone. Helium addition decreased Na⁺ to K⁺ ratio in roots, caused by the enhanced accumulation of K⁺ (impaired K⁺ efflux) and reduced accumulation of Na⁺ (increased Na⁺ efflux), further confirmed by up-regulating sodium and potassium transporters genes. Consistently, reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated lipid peroxidation in roots was remarkably abolished, supported by the stimulation of ascorbate-glutathione cycle and other antioxidant enzymes. Importantly, helium could decrease methylglyoxal accumulation by stimulating glyoxalase enzyme activity. Thus, helium reestablished ion and redox homeostasis to combat NaCl stress, which opens a new window for helium-based biology.

氦以前被认为是一种生物惰性气体。然而，这种天然气的副产品是否或如何影响作物生理，在很大程度上仍然未知。我们的水培试验表明，富氦溶液提高了油菜籽对NaCl的耐受性，因为富氦溶液对幼苗根系生长的抑制程度低于纯盐水溶液。添加氦气降低了根系中Na+ / K+的比例，这是由于K+积累增加（K+外排受损）和Na+积累减少（Na+外排增加）引起的，这进一步通过上调钠和钾转运体基因得到证实。在抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环和其他抗氧化酶的刺激下，活性氧（ROS）介导的根脂质过氧化作用被显著消除。重要的是，氦可以通过刺激乙二醛酶活性来减少甲基乙二醛的积累。因此，氦重新建立离子和氧化还原稳态来对抗NaCl胁迫，这为氦基生物学打开了一扇新的窗口。

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引用次数: 0

Physiological and transcriptomic dissection of submergence tolerance in cabbage highlights ERF-VII and N-degron regulation 白菜耐淹性的生理和转录组学分析突出了ERF-VII和N-degron的调控

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106288

Shih-Jie Huang, Yu-Lin Wu, Hsuan-Ting Liu, Tze-Ching Chan, Chun-Hao Hu, Chi-Ling Ku, Fu-Chiun Hsu

Climate change-driven flooding threatens cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivation, yet the mechanisms underlying its submergence tolerance remain poorly understood. Here, we present an integrative analysis combining physiological measurements and time-course transcriptome profiling on cabbage cultivars with contrasting submergence tolerance, aiming to identify candidate regulatory modules potentially unique to Brassica submergence responses. The submergence-tolerant cultivar ‘Fuyudori’ demonstrated superior growth performance, antioxidative capacity, and a higher induction of glycolytic genes compared to the submergence-sensitive cultivar ‘228’. Consistently, transcriptome profiling revealed distinct transcriptional patterns between ‘Fuyudori’ and ‘228’ under submergence, particularly in genes related to translation and transcriptional regulation, suggesting their involvement in mediating submergence tolerance. Furthermore, ten cabbage homologs of group VII ethylene response factors (ERF-VIIs) harboring characteristic ERF domains and conserved N-terminal motifs were identified, among which BoERF71 and BoRAP2.12 were confirmed as substrates of the N-degron pathway. In ‘Fuyudori’, these ERF-VII genes displayed higher transcript levels and greater hypoxia-induced protein accumulation, enabling stronger activation of hypoxia-responsive genes such as BoADH1 and BoSUS1L. Our results suggest that elevated expression and stronger hypoxia-induced accumulation of BoERF-VIIs are associated with enhanced submergence tolerance. This work provides the first detailed molecular insight into cabbage submergence responses and lays a foundation for breeding submergence-tolerant Brassica crops.

气候变化导致的洪水威胁着白菜（芸苔甘蓝变种。capitata）的种植，但其耐淹性的机制仍然知之甚少。在这里，我们提出了一项综合分析，结合生理测量和时间过程转录组分析，对具有不同浸没耐受性的白菜品种进行了比较，旨在确定油菜浸没响应的候选调节模块。与耐淹品种228相比，耐淹品种富裕多里的生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖酵解基因的诱导能力均优于耐淹品种228。转录组分析一致地揭示了“Fuyudori”和“228”在淹没条件下的不同转录模式，特别是与翻译和转录调控相关的基因，表明它们参与了介导淹没耐受性。此外，还鉴定出了10个具有特征ERF结构域和保守n端基元的第七族乙烯响应因子（ERF-VII）的白菜同源物，其中BoERF71和BoRAP2.12被确认为N-degron途径的底物。在“富余多里”中，这些ERF-VII基因表现出更高的转录水平和更大的缺氧诱导蛋白积累，从而使BoADH1和BoSUS1L等缺氧反应基因被更强地激活。我们的研究结果表明，boerf - vii的表达升高和缺氧诱导的更强积累与增强的水下耐受性有关。该研究为白菜淹水反应提供了第一个详细的分子视角，为培育耐淹油菜作物奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Blue and red light-enrichments induce dwarfism in Hydrangea macrophylla through molecular regulation of gibberellin pathway and of cell wall extensibility, without deleterious effects on photosynthetic parameters 蓝光和红光富集通过赤霉素途径和细胞壁伸展的分子调控诱导大绣球矮化，对光合参数无不良影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106289

Béra Ley-Ngardigal , Hanaé Roman , Lydie Huché-Thélier , Isabel Guerrero Zepeda , Nathalie Brouard , Vincent Guérin , Nathalie Leduc

Hydrangea macrophylla is a popular ornamental plant, and controlling its growth is essential for producing compact branched pot plants with abundant inflorescences. Plant growth regulators (PGR) enable growth control, but environmental concerns and their phasing out require eco-friendly alternatives for dwarfing plants. Light spectrum manipulation has shown potential for growth control in numerous species, but photomorphogenic responses vary greatly with genotypes and cultural conditions. Two light spectra were applied on two H. macrophylla cultivars, Nanping and Wudu, to reduce stem elongation: one enriched in blue light (B-enr) and one enriched in red and blue lights (RB-enr). Both spectra significantly reduced stem elongation in both cultivars, with an efficiency comparable to daminozide, a commonly used PGR. Transcriptional analysis revealed that B-enr, RB-enr and daminozide treatments up-regulated genes related to cell wall modification (HmPGX3, HmPE1, HmEXPB2, HmCESA5 and HmKNAT7) and gibberellin metabolism and signaling pathways, while down-regulating genes associated with secondary growth (HmXYP1, HmSAMS1 and HmCAD1). These results suggest that light spectra impacted the same regulatory pathway of stem elongation as daminozide. However, unlike daminozide, both light spectra enhanced photosynthetic processes, increasing chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance and maximum photosystem II efficiency. This study describes two effective light spectra as alternatives to chemical dwarfing in H. macrophylla and provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms influencing growth responses to light quality. It also brings with first evidence in a plant species of a light control over KNAT7, a key regulator of cell expansion and secondary cell wall thickening.

大绣球是一种受欢迎的观赏植物，控制其生长是生产密集分枝、花序丰富的盆栽植物的必要条件。植物生长调节剂（PGR）能够控制生长，但环境问题和它们的逐步淘汰需要环保的替代品来矮化植物。在许多物种中，光谱操作已经显示出控制生长的潜力，但光形态形成的反应因基因型和培养条件而有很大差异。以南平和武都两个大叶姜品种为研究对象，应用了两种光谱，一种是蓝光富集光谱（B-enr），另一种是红蓝光富集光谱（RB-enr）。这两种光谱都显著降低了两个品种的茎伸长，其效率与常用的PGR - daminozide相当。转录分析显示，B-enr、RB-enr和daminozide处理上调细胞壁修饰相关基因（HmPGX3、HmPE1、HmEXPB2、HmCESA5和HmKNAT7）以及赤霉素代谢和信号通路，下调与次生生长相关的基因（HmXYP1、HmSAMS1和HmCAD1）。这些结果表明，光谱影响的茎秆伸长调控途径与胺酰肼相同。然而，与daminozide不同的是，这两种光谱都增强了光合过程，增加了叶绿素指数、气孔导度和最大光系统II效率。本研究描述了两种有效的光谱，作为大叶黄化学矮化的替代选择，并为影响生长对光质量响应的分子机制提供了新的见解。这也首次为植物物种提供了光控制KNAT7的证据，KNAT7是细胞扩增和次级细胞壁增厚的关键调节因子。

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引用次数: 0

GABA-regulated transamination generates alternative carbon skeleton for root nitrogen assimilation of wheat under waterlogging stress 涝渍胁迫下，gaba调控的转氨作用为小麦根系氮素同化提供了替代碳骨架

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106284

Jingwen Gao , Yao Su , Xihua Zhang , Juanjuan Chen , Feng Wang

Understanding the mutual regulation of carbon and nitrogen metabolism under waterlogging can provide a theoretical basis for nutrient management under such stress. We conducted pot experiments using two wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars, AK58 (waterlogging-sensitive) and XM25 (waterlogging-tolerant), under 7 days of waterlogging and control conditions. Waterlogging treatment decreased shoot nitrogen content, dry matter, and yield compared with the control, and the extent of these reductions was lower in XM25 than in AK58. Under waterlogged conditions, root glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activities decreased under waterlogging treatment due to insufficient supply of α-ketoglutaric acid, and the decrease of root nitrogen assimilation was lower in XM25 than in AK58. In contrast, glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) activity increased, and alanine (Ala) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content increased significantly under waterlogging conditions, especially in XM25. To verify the effect of GABA, we applied exogenous GABA treatment and found that exogenous GABA upregulated pyruvate kinase (PK) and GPT activity, resulting in higher ¹⁵N-Ala and α-ketoglutaric acid content. Correspondingly, GABA treatment promoted GS and GOGAT activity in roots and increased shoot nitrogen content, indicating that GABA upregulated the glutamic-pyruvic transamination to supplement carbon skeletons for root nitrogen assimilation. In conclusion, enhancing the carbon skeleton anaplerotic pathway through transamination promoted nitrogen assimilation in roots under waterlogging conditions, and GABA acts as a regulator in this pathway.

了解涝渍条件下碳氮代谢的相互调控，可为涝渍胁迫下的养分管理提供理论依据。以小麦品种AK58（涝敏感型）和XM25（耐涝型）为材料，在涝渍和对照条件下进行盆栽试验。涝渍处理降低了地上部氮含量、干物质含量和产量，且XM25的降低幅度低于AK58。涝渍条件下，由于α-酮戊二酸供应不足，导致根系谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸合成酶（GOGAT）活性下降，且XM25的根系氮同化下降幅度低于AK58。涝渍处理下，谷丙转氨酶（GPT）活性显著升高，丙氨酸（Ala）和γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）含量显著升高，其中以XM25最为显著。为了验证GABA的作用，我们采用外源GABA处理，发现外源GABA上调了丙酮酸激酶（PK）和GPT活性，导致15N-Ala和α-酮戊二酸含量升高。GABA处理提高了根系GS和GOGAT活性，增加了茎部氮含量，表明GABA上调了谷丙转氨酶，补充了根系氮同化的碳骨架。综上所述，在涝渍条件下，通过转氨作用增强碳骨架倒交途径促进了根系氮同化，而GABA在这一途径中起调节作用。

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引用次数: 0

Unveiling the impact of heat and drought stress on plant reproductive tissues 揭示高温和干旱胁迫对植物生殖组织的影响

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-11-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106283

Yueheng Zhou , Muhammad Ali , Xiaohui Ma , Tianxia Yang

Reproductive development in plants is highly sensitive to heat and drought stress, which are exacerbated by climate change and pose significant threats to global crop productivity. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying plant responses to heat and drought stress during reproductive stages, with an emphasis on the critical role of transcriptomic approaches. Traditional bulk RNA methods have revealed extensive gene regulatory networks activated during stress, highlighting the complexity of responses across developmental phases and species-specific adaptations. However, these methods obscure cellular and tissue heterogeneity, limiting the resolution of key regulatory processes. Recent advances in single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing have unraveled the spatiotemporal dynamics and post-transcriptional regulation underpinning stress resilience at unprecedented resolution, particularly in vegetative tissues. While the application of these advanced technologies to reproductive organs remains little explored, leaving important gaps in understanding the mechanisms driving stress-induced male sterility. We propose an integrative framework linking early stress sensing in vegetative tissues to transcriptional and post-transcriptional reprogramming in reproductive organs, highlighting the role of single-cell and multi-omics approaches in resolving tissue-specific regulatory mechanisms that determine fertility under combined heat and drought stress. We argue that future research should focus on integrating multi-omics datasets and expanding single-cell analyses in reproductive tissues to characterize translational control mechanisms and the epigenetic memory of stress. Such integrative efforts are imperative for identifying stage-specific protective strategies and for developing climate-resilient crops with enhanced reproductive success under heat and drought stress.

植物的生殖发育对高温和干旱胁迫高度敏感，气候变化加剧了高温和干旱胁迫，对全球作物生产力构成重大威胁。本文综述了植物在生殖阶段对高温和干旱胁迫反应的分子和细胞机制，重点介绍了转录组学方法的关键作用。传统的大量RNA方法揭示了在压力下激活的广泛的基因调控网络，突出了发育阶段和物种特异性适应反应的复杂性。然而，这些方法模糊了细胞和组织的异质性，限制了关键调控过程的解决。单细胞和单核RNA测序的最新进展以前所未有的分辨率揭示了支撑应激恢复的时空动态和转录后调节，特别是在营养组织中。虽然这些先进技术在生殖器官上的应用仍然很少被探索，但在理解压力诱发男性不育的机制方面留下了重要的空白。我们提出了一个综合框架，将营养组织的早期应激感知与生殖器官的转录和转录后重编程联系起来，强调单细胞和多组学方法在解决组织特异性调节机制方面的作用，这些机制决定了高温和干旱联合胁迫下的生育能力。我们认为，未来的研究应集中在整合多组学数据集和扩大生殖组织的单细胞分析，以表征胁迫的翻译控制机制和表观遗传记忆。这种综合努力对于确定特定阶段的保护策略以及开发在高温和干旱胁迫下提高繁殖成功率的气候适应型作物是必不可少的。

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引用次数: 0