Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第4页

Drought stress memory enhances the tolerance of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. in response to a subsequent drought: A physiological and omics perspective

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106088

Zhuoan Bai , Xueqing Yang , Na Zi , Weibo Ren , Jinjin Yin , Ting Yuan , Min Wang , Feng Yuan , Yaling Liu

Here, we conducted physiological, global DNA methylation, and transcriptome assays on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) exposed to recycle drought stress to investigate stress memory and the response of subsequent drought stress and recovery. Our findings revealed a distinct memory response characterized by significant alterations in DNA cytosine methylation patterns across the genome. Notably, seedlings that underwent drought stress training exhibited enhanced growth and vitality, displaying greener and healthier traits than the control group after rewatering. Jasmonic acid and cytokinin levels were improved in drought stress-trained alfalfa, emphasizing these two hormones play a key role in drought memory responses. Furthermore, the upregulation of RuBisCO, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in drought stress-trained alfalfa reinforces the enhanced stress tolerance acquired through drought stress training. Differential DNA methylation during drought training mainly facilitates the selective expression of energy metabolism-related genes. A transcriptomic analysis revealed a notable promotion of energy metabolism, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism in alfalfa enabling individuals to endure subsequent drought stress following recurrent drought training. Post-rewatering, alfalfa underwent a metabolic shift from energy metabolism to lipid catabolism to generate energy to cope with drought stress and promote growth. This study offers valuable understanding into the mechanisms governing the formation of stress memory in alfalfa exposed to drought, presenting potential strategies for improving plant plasticity and productivity under water scarcity induced by climate change.

{"title":"Drought stress memory enhances the tolerance of alfalfa Medicago sativa L. in response to a subsequent drought: A physiological and omics perspective","authors":"Zhuoan Bai , Xueqing Yang , Na Zi , Weibo Ren , Jinjin Yin , Ting Yuan , Min Wang , Feng Yuan , Yaling Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, we conducted physiological, global DNA methylation, and transcriptome assays on alfalfa (<em>Medicago sativa</em> L.) exposed to recycle drought stress to investigate stress memory and the response of subsequent drought stress and recovery. Our findings revealed a distinct memory response characterized by significant alterations in DNA cytosine methylation patterns across the genome. Notably, seedlings that underwent drought stress training exhibited enhanced growth and vitality, displaying greener and healthier traits than the control group after rewatering. Jasmonic acid and cytokinin levels were improved in drought stress-trained alfalfa, emphasizing these two hormones play a key role in drought memory responses. Furthermore, the upregulation of RuBisCO, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase in drought stress-trained alfalfa reinforces the enhanced stress tolerance acquired through drought stress training. Differential DNA methylation during drought training mainly facilitates the selective expression of energy metabolism-related genes. A transcriptomic analysis revealed a notable promotion of energy metabolism, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism in alfalfa enabling individuals to endure subsequent drought stress following recurrent drought training. Post-rewatering, alfalfa underwent a metabolic shift from energy metabolism to lipid catabolism to generate energy to cope with drought stress and promote growth. This study offers valuable understanding into the mechanisms governing the formation of stress memory in alfalfa exposed to drought, presenting potential strategies for improving plant plasticity and productivity under water scarcity induced by climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106088"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond red and blue: Unveiling the hidden action of green wavelengths on plant physiology, metabolisms and gene regulation in horticultural crops

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106089

Roberta Paradiso , Giacomo Cocetta , Simona Proietti

Light intensity, photoperiod and spectral composition drive many fundamental functions of plant life and interacts with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the crop performance. Indeed, in addition to providing energy to power photosynthesis, light imparts precise signals regulating plant growth, development, and metabolism in photomorphogenesis, through the different wavelengths, detected by specific photoreceptors also at very low fluence rate.

While the efficiency of blue and red wavelengths in the photosynthetic process and their role in photomorphogenesis, as well as their absorption spectra, have been long since demonstrated, green radiation was considered useless (if not even detrimental) for plants for a long time, because of the poor action spectrum of photosynthesis and the weak absorption and high reflection in plant tissues. It is known now that instead the green light sustains photosynthesis in the deeper leaf lamina and canopy layers and participate to several photomorphogenetic processes. However, its role in the complex scenario of plant responses to light environment is still unclear and results in literature are sometimes conflicting.

The aim of this review is to update the knowledge on the effects of green, as both monochromatic light and portion of multispectral radiation, on plant physiology, metabolism, and transcriptional regulation to the most recent advances, with a special focus on those underlying useful agronomic outputs in terms of plant growth and yield, and product quality in vegetable and herbaceous crops. Last findings on these aspects are summarised in order to determine if and how green light-mediated responses can contribute to boost the plant performance in greenhouse and controlled environment horticulture.

{"title":"Beyond red and blue: Unveiling the hidden action of green wavelengths on plant physiology, metabolisms and gene regulation in horticultural crops","authors":"Roberta Paradiso , Giacomo Cocetta , Simona Proietti","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light intensity, photoperiod and spectral composition drive many fundamental functions of plant life and interacts with other environmental parameters and cultivation factors in determining the crop performance. Indeed, in addition to providing energy to power photosynthesis, light imparts precise signals regulating plant growth, development, and metabolism in photomorphogenesis, through the different wavelengths, detected by specific photoreceptors also at very low fluence rate.</div><div>While the efficiency of blue and red wavelengths in the photosynthetic process and their role in photomorphogenesis, as well as their absorption spectra, have been long since demonstrated, green radiation was considered useless (if not even detrimental) for plants for a long time, because of the poor action spectrum of photosynthesis and the weak absorption and high reflection in plant tissues. It is known now that instead the green light sustains photosynthesis in the deeper leaf lamina and canopy layers and participate to several photomorphogenetic processes. However, its role in the complex scenario of plant responses to light environment is still unclear and results in literature are sometimes conflicting.</div><div>The aim of this review is to update the knowledge on the effects of green, as both monochromatic light and portion of multispectral radiation, on plant physiology, metabolism, and transcriptional regulation to the most recent advances, with a special focus on those underlying useful agronomic outputs in terms of plant growth and yield, and product quality in vegetable and herbaceous crops. Last findings on these aspects are summarised in order to determine if and how green light-mediated responses can contribute to boost the plant performance in greenhouse and controlled environment horticulture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"230 ","pages":"Article 106089"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Elevated nitrogen supply enhances the recovery capability of alfalfa following rewatering by regulating carbon allocation

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106095

Luanzi Sun , Kun Zhou , Jiacun Guo , Junrui Zang , Shipeng Liu

Drought events are increasingly frequent, posing a significant threat to plant growth and survival. Nitrogen (N) has been shown to improve drought tolerance in plants, but its role in facilitating recovery growth following rewatering after drought stress remains poorly understood. The alfalfa cultivated under hydroponic conditions with varying levels of N (Low N: 1 mM; Medium N: 4 mM; High: 7 mM) was subjected to drought-rewatering which was simulated by the addition and subsequent removal of PEG from the nutrient solution. The allocation of biomass (R/S) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) between shoots and roots, and the percentage of assimilation allocated to NSC were investigated at the end of the drought, early stage (7 days post-rewatering), and late stage of rewatering (35 days post-rewatering). The results revealed that after 35 days of rewatering, the alfalfa grown under medium N level had fully recovered its growth to that of their well-watered control groups, with no significant difference in total dry weights; nevertheless, those grown under low and high N levels had total dry weights that were 18.3 % and 18.8 % lower than those of their corresponding control groups, respectively. Following rewatering, similar to the drought period, plants exposed to higher N levels tended to allocate more biomass and NSC toward roots rather than shoots. At 35 days after rewatering, the R/S of plants under the low N supply level decreased by 9.6 %; that of plants under the medium N supply did not change significantly; whereas that of plants under the high N supply increased by 46.6 % in comparison with their corresponding control group. Furthermore, a higher N supply level facilitated carbon allocation for tissue growth rather than reserving NSC, similar to the effect of N supply during the drought period. Therefore, a higher N supply may enhance the recovery capability of the plant after rewatering but may delay the recovery rate. During various stages of the drought-rewatering process, increasing the N supply level influenced the allocation of biomass and NSC between shoots and roots through different key enzymes and sucrose transporters. Our study provides valuable insights into the carbon regulatory mechanisms utilized by plants in response to rewatering after drought under varying N supply conditions. This contributes to a deeper understanding of plant adaptation strategies in the face of drought events.

{"title":"Elevated nitrogen supply enhances the recovery capability of alfalfa following rewatering by regulating carbon allocation","authors":"Luanzi Sun , Kun Zhou , Jiacun Guo , Junrui Zang , Shipeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drought events are increasingly frequent, posing a significant threat to plant growth and survival. Nitrogen (N) has been shown to improve drought tolerance in plants, but its role in facilitating recovery growth following rewatering after drought stress remains poorly understood. The alfalfa cultivated under hydroponic conditions with varying levels of N (Low N: 1 mM; Medium N: 4 mM; High: 7 mM) was subjected to drought-rewatering which was simulated by the addition and subsequent removal of PEG from the nutrient solution. The allocation of biomass (R/S) and non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) between shoots and roots, and the percentage of assimilation allocated to NSC were investigated at the end of the drought, early stage (7 days post-rewatering), and late stage of rewatering (35 days post-rewatering). The results revealed that after 35 days of rewatering, the alfalfa grown under medium N level had fully recovered its growth to that of their well-watered control groups, with no significant difference in total dry weights; nevertheless, those grown under low and high N levels had total dry weights that were 18.3 % and 18.8 % lower than those of their corresponding control groups, respectively. Following rewatering, similar to the drought period, plants exposed to higher N levels tended to allocate more biomass and NSC toward roots rather than shoots. At 35 days after rewatering, the R/S of plants under the low N supply level decreased by 9.6 %; that of plants under the medium N supply did not change significantly; whereas that of plants under the high N supply increased by 46.6 % in comparison with their corresponding control group. Furthermore, a higher N supply level facilitated carbon allocation for tissue growth rather than reserving NSC, similar to the effect of N supply during the drought period. Therefore, a higher N supply may enhance the recovery capability of the plant after rewatering but may delay the recovery rate. During various stages of the drought-rewatering process, increasing the N supply level influenced the allocation of biomass and NSC between shoots and roots through different key enzymes and sucrose transporters. Our study provides valuable insights into the carbon regulatory mechanisms utilized by plants in response to rewatering after drought under varying N supply conditions. This contributes to a deeper understanding of plant adaptation strategies in the face of drought events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"231 ","pages":"Article 106095"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143103438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

OsCEP8-mediated abiotic stress response is associated with auxin and sugar homeostasis in plants

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106082

Sakshi Aggarwal , Ray Singh Rathore , R. Rakhi , Sumita Kumari , Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek , Ananda Mustafiz

Plants are exposed to various abiotic stresses in natural environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, etc., which have a detrimental impact on crop yield. Therefore, understanding the signalling mechanism under abiotic stress will help us to engineer a crop tolerant to these abiotic stress conditions. Here, we studied the role of a signaling peptide, a C-terminally Encoded Peptide (CEP), in response to abiotic stress conditions. In this study, a stress-responsive member of the CEP gene family, OsCEP8, was characterized. The study revealed the pivotal involvement of a specific OsCEP8 gene in enhancing tolerance towards abiotic stress in transgenic rice and Arabidopsis plants. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that under nutrient and mineral deficient conditions such as nitrogen and sugar deficiency, the OsCEP8 overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants show an increase in primary and lateral root length. Moreover, this OsCEP8-mediated abiotic stress response regulates the auxin concentration in plants. The T-DNA insertion mutant of Arabidopsis, cep8 exhibited low active auxin levels, and stress-responsive genes were downregulated in this mutant. Further, the expression of genes involved in the KIN10/SnRK1 pathway, such as bZIP2 and bZIP11, upregulated in OsCEP8 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants. Thus, we proposed that OsCEP8 mediated response directs redistribution of metabolic resources such as auxin to enhance resistance towards abiotic conditions.

{"title":"OsCEP8-mediated abiotic stress response is associated with auxin and sugar homeostasis in plants","authors":"Sakshi Aggarwal , Ray Singh Rathore , R. Rakhi , Sumita Kumari , Sneh Lata Singla-Pareek , Ananda Mustafiz","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106082","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106082","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plants are exposed to various abiotic stresses in natural environmental conditions such as drought, salinity, etc., which have a detrimental impact on crop yield. Therefore, understanding the signalling mechanism under abiotic stress will help us to engineer a crop tolerant to these abiotic stress conditions. Here, we studied the role of a signaling peptide, a C-terminally Encoded Peptide (CEP), in response to abiotic stress conditions. In this study, a stress-responsive member of the CEP gene family, <em>OsCEP8</em>, was characterized. The study revealed the pivotal involvement of a specific <em>OsCEP8</em> gene in enhancing tolerance towards abiotic stress in transgenic rice and <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that under nutrient and mineral deficient conditions such as nitrogen and sugar deficiency, the <em>OsCEP8</em> overexpressing transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants show an increase in primary and lateral root length. Moreover, this <em>OsCEP8</em>-mediated abiotic stress response regulates the auxin concentration in plants. The T-DNA insertion mutant of <em>Arabidopsis</em>, <em>cep8</em> exhibited low active auxin levels, and stress-responsive genes were downregulated in this mutant. Further, the expression of genes involved in the KIN10/SnRK1 pathway, such as bZIP2 and bZIP11, upregulated in <em>OsCEP8</em> overexpressing <em>Arabidopsis</em> plants. Thus, we proposed that <em>OsCEP8</em> mediated response directs redistribution of metabolic resources such as auxin to enhance resistance towards abiotic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106082"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Xylem anatomical structure as a determinant of hydraulic trait variation in C3 plant Reaumuria soongorica and C4 plant Salsola passerina

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106055

Hongyong Wang , Jing Ma , Yunxia Wang , Jianbo Wang , Tingting Xie , Furong Niu , Cai He , Lishan Shan

Moisture variation significantly impacts hydraulic traits and xylem anatomical structure in woody plants, thereby influencing water transport and embolism resistance. However, the precise relationship between these factors within desert shrubs remains unclear, and it may be related to plant functional types. We conducted a water manipulation experiment involving seedlings of the C₃ plant Reaumuria soongorica and the C₄ plant Salsola passerina within a rain shelter. We applied three water treatments: control, chronic drought, and flash drought. After a period of drought treatment, seedlings were rewatered to control level for 15 days, after which hydraulic traits and anatomical structures were measured. We found that: (1) vessel density was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for R. soongorica, while hydraulic weighted vessel diameter positively correlated with embolism resistance; both hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and vessel internal diameter span was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for S. passerina; (2) R. soongorica had lower edge density yet higher modularity compared to S. passerina; (3) sapwood and leaf specific conductivity emerged as hub traits in R. soongorica, while vessel internal diameter span was identified as a hub trait in S. passerina, thus serving as important predictors of hydraulic function and related attributes. Our study demonstrates distinct hydraulic strategies in the two species. R. soongorica employs a highly modular trait combination to adapt to water fluctuations, maintaining both high hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance under drought stress. Conversely, S. passerina integrates traits for efficient resource access, ensuring hydraulic efficiency but compromising embolism resistance under drought stress. Integrating hydraulic traits with anatomical structures significantly enhances predictions of desert shrub resilience to drought within the context of global climate change.

{"title":"Xylem anatomical structure as a determinant of hydraulic trait variation in C3 plant Reaumuria soongorica and C4 plant Salsola passerina","authors":"Hongyong Wang , Jing Ma , Yunxia Wang , Jianbo Wang , Tingting Xie , Furong Niu , Cai He , Lishan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moisture variation significantly impacts hydraulic traits and xylem anatomical structure in woody plants, thereby influencing water transport and embolism resistance. However, the precise relationship between these factors within desert shrubs remains unclear, and it may be related to plant functional types. We conducted a water manipulation experiment involving seedlings of the C<sub>3</sub> plant <em>Reaumuria soongorica</em> and the C<sub>4</sub> plant <em>Salsola passerina</em> within a rain shelter. We applied three water treatments: control, chronic drought, and flash drought. After a period of drought treatment, seedlings were rewatered to control level for 15 days, after which hydraulic traits and anatomical structures were measured. We found that: (1) vessel density was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for <em>R. soongorica</em>, while hydraulic weighted vessel diameter positively correlated with embolism resistance; both hydraulic weighted vessel diameter and vessel internal diameter span was positively correlated with sapwood specific conductivity for <em>S. passerina</em>; (2) <em>R. soongorica</em> had lower edge density yet higher modularity compared to <em>S. passerina</em>; (3) sapwood and leaf specific conductivity emerged as hub traits in <em>R. soongorica</em>, while vessel internal diameter span was identified as a hub trait in <em>S. passerina</em>, thus serving as important predictors of hydraulic function and related attributes. Our study demonstrates distinct hydraulic strategies in the two species. <em>R. soongorica</em> employs a highly modular trait combination to adapt to water fluctuations, maintaining both high hydraulic efficiency and embolism resistance under drought stress. Conversely, <em>S. passerina</em> integrates traits for efficient resource access, ensuring hydraulic efficiency but compromising embolism resistance under drought stress. Integrating hydraulic traits with anatomical structures significantly enhances predictions of desert shrub resilience to drought within the context of global climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106055"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Decreasing R:FR ratio in a grow light spectrum increases inflorescence yield but decreases plant specialized metabolite concentrations in Cannabis sativa

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106059

Stiina Kotiranta , Aku Sarka , Titta Kotilainen , Pauliina Palonen

Cultivation of Cannabis sativa for recreational and pharmaceutical purposes has been increasing significantly in recent years due to legalization in many countries. Cultivation takes place regularly indoors under varying artificial lighting sources. There is a lack of scientific knowledge on the effect of light spectrum on the C. sativa morphology, yield, and quality, especially the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations in the female inflorescences in indoor environments. Furthermore, only a handful of the spectra studies conducted so far study or discuss the effect of far-red radiation, while the effect of other wavelengths, such as UV or blue, has gained more attention. This study had two aims: (1) to examine plant morphology and inflorescence yield under varying red to far-red ratio (R:FR) treatments with equal photon flux densities (380–780 nm), and (2) to examine the possible relationship of the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations with the spectrum’s R:FR ratio, Plant material was collected as cuttings from C. sativa ‘Finola’ mother plants and grown under 18 h photoperiod before transferring them under the light treatments for 49 days (550 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, 12 h/12 h dark/light). Light treatments were created with two types of LED fixtures, white spectrum (380–780 nm) and far-red (730 nm), which were used to create four R:FR ratio treatments; R:FR 3, 5, 9, and 12. Plant morphology was affected by the R:FR ratio; under the lowest R:FR (3) treatment plants were tallest, and the apical inflorescence dry weight decreased linearly with increasing R:FR ratio. The concentrations of many terpenes and cannabinoids including cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), increased with increasing R:FR ratio. In conclusion, spectra with different R:FR ratios can be used as a tool at different growth phases to modify the plant morphology, inflorescence yield, and cannabinoid and terpene concentrations.

{"title":"Decreasing R:FR ratio in a grow light spectrum increases inflorescence yield but decreases plant specialized metabolite concentrations in Cannabis sativa","authors":"Stiina Kotiranta , Aku Sarka , Titta Kotilainen , Pauliina Palonen","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cultivation of <em>Cannabis sativa</em> for recreational and pharmaceutical purposes has been increasing significantly in recent years due to legalization in many countries. Cultivation takes place regularly indoors under varying artificial lighting sources. There is a lack of scientific knowledge on the effect of light spectrum on the <em>C. sativa</em> morphology, yield, and quality, especially the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations in the female inflorescences in indoor environments. Furthermore, only a handful of the spectra studies conducted so far study or discuss the effect of far-red radiation, while the effect of other wavelengths, such as UV or blue, has gained more attention. This study had two aims: (1) to examine plant morphology and inflorescence yield under varying red to far-red ratio (R:FR) treatments with equal photon flux densities (380–780 nm), and (2) to examine the possible relationship of the cannabinoid and terpene concentrations with the spectrum’s R:FR ratio, Plant material was collected as cuttings from <em>C. sativa</em> ‘Finola’ mother plants and grown under 18 h photoperiod before transferring them under the light treatments for 49 days (550 μmol m<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, 12 h/12 h dark/light). Light treatments were created with two types of LED fixtures, white spectrum (380–780 nm) and far-red (730 nm), which were used to create four R:FR ratio treatments; R:FR 3, 5, 9, and 12. Plant morphology was affected by the R:FR ratio; under the lowest R:FR (3) treatment plants were tallest, and the apical inflorescence dry weight decreased linearly with increasing R:FR ratio. The concentrations of many terpenes and cannabinoids including cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA), and cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), increased with increasing R:FR ratio. In conclusion, spectra with different R:FR ratios can be used as a tool at different growth phases to modify the plant morphology, inflorescence yield, and cannabinoid and terpene concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106059"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular and metabolomics analysis reveals new insight into the mechanism underlying Iris halophila Pall. IhCHS1-mediated regulation of plant salt tolerance

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106080

Qingquan Liu , Xi Gu , Yongxia Zhang , Ting Zhang , Yinjie Wang , Om Parkash Dhankher , Shijie Tang , Haiyan Yuan

Soil salinity represents a significant threat to agricultural productivity. The identification of salt response genes from halophytes is of great significance for improving the resistance of glycophytic crops to salt stress. Iris halophila Pall. is an important ornamental and medicinal halophyte that exhibits strong resistance to salt stress and is rich in flavonoids. Previously, transcriptome analysis revealed that chalcone synthase (CHS)-catalyzed flavonoid biosynthesis is involved in the response of I. halophila to high salt stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of CHS on plant metabolome under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, the function of IhCHS1 gene in regulating plant salt tolerance and metabolism was investigated. The results demonstrated that IhCHS1 was upregulated in I. halophila under salt stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing IhCHS1 exhibited enhanced salt tolerance at both the seedling and mature stages. Physiological and metabolomic analysis indicated that the overexpression of IhCHS1 resulted in a reduction in the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and an increase in proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the abundance of several flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid compounds. Interestingly, IhCHS1 overexpression also significantly stimulated the accumulation of JA and IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction-related compounds, and altered the profiles of oligopeptides and nucleotide metabolites under salt stress. Our findings will provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of IhCHS1-mediated salt tolerance in plants and contribute to the development of strategies for cultivation of crop species with high salt tolerance and high metabolite accumulation on saline-alkali soil.

{"title":"Molecular and metabolomics analysis reveals new insight into the mechanism underlying Iris halophila Pall. IhCHS1-mediated regulation of plant salt tolerance","authors":"Qingquan Liu , Xi Gu , Yongxia Zhang , Ting Zhang , Yinjie Wang , Om Parkash Dhankher , Shijie Tang , Haiyan Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil salinity represents a significant threat to agricultural productivity. The identification of salt response genes from halophytes is of great significance for improving the resistance of glycophytic crops to salt stress. <em>Iris halophila</em> Pall. is an important ornamental and medicinal halophyte that exhibits strong resistance to salt stress and is rich in flavonoids. Previously, transcriptome analysis revealed that chalcone synthase (CHS)-catalyzed flavonoid biosynthesis is involved in the response of <em>I. halophila</em> to high salt stress. However, the regulatory mechanism of CHS on plant metabolome under salt stress remains unclear. In this study, the function of <em>IhCHS1</em> gene in regulating plant salt tolerance and metabolism was investigated. The results demonstrated that <em>IhCHS1</em> was upregulated in <em>I. halophila</em> under salt stress. Transgenic <em>Arabidopsis</em> overexpressing <em>IhCHS1</em> exhibited enhanced salt tolerance at both the seedling and mature stages. Physiological and metabolomic analysis indicated that the overexpression of <em>IhCHS1</em> resulted in a reduction in the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation and an increase in proline content, antioxidant enzyme activities, and the abundance of several flavonoids and other phenylpropanoid compounds<em>.</em> Interestingly, <em>IhCHS1</em> overexpression also significantly stimulated the accumulation of JA and IAA biosynthesis and signal transduction-related compounds, and altered the profiles of oligopeptides and nucleotide metabolites under salt stress. Our findings will provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of <em>IhCHS1</em>-mediated salt tolerance in plants and contribute to the development of strategies for cultivation of crop species with high salt tolerance and high metabolite accumulation on saline-alkali soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106080"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolutionary responses of dominant and companion species along the precipitation gradient in a typical steppe from 1985 to 2022

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106075

Yi Zhou , Shenghua Chang , Xiaojuan Huang , Wenjun Wang , Fujiang Hou , Yanrong Wang , Zhibiao Nan

Population dynamics may fluctuate dramatically over time in response to changing climate conditions. Thus, assessing how trade-offs in growth and reproduction of plant population respond to climate change may be key for predicting and conserving complex communities, especially in the context of different precipitation. Here, using a long-term experiment along the precipitation gradient, we investigated trade-offs in growth and reproduction of dominant species, Artemisia capillaris and companion species, Aster altaicus, as well as their climate-driven mechanisms. The impact of A. capillaris and A. altaicus on community above-ground biomass (AGB) and species richness (SR) were also evaluated. Our findings indicate that, over the past 37 years, A. capillaris exhibited lateral growth and asexual reproduction across the three sites. In contrast, A. altaicus tended to grow vertically and reproduce sexually, with a significant increase in its AGB. Moreover, the influence of climate fluctuation, characterized by variations in temperature and precipitation over specific time scales, on the two populations diminished from north to south. Long-term average climate, reflecting mean temperature and precipitation, and current climate conditions during the sampling year primarily influenced changes in A. capillaris and A. altaicus in south, respectively. Additionally, from north to south, the contribution of A. altaicus to community AGB and SR increased, while the contribution of A. capillaris to community AGB and SR decreased. Community AGB increased as the coupling index between A. capillaris and A. altaicus intensified. These findings can help us to better understand the coupling of plant traits, populations and communities, aid in the protection of grasslands under future climate change scenarios.

{"title":"Evolutionary responses of dominant and companion species along the precipitation gradient in a typical steppe from 1985 to 2022","authors":"Yi Zhou , Shenghua Chang , Xiaojuan Huang , Wenjun Wang , Fujiang Hou , Yanrong Wang , Zhibiao Nan","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Population dynamics may fluctuate dramatically over time in response to changing climate conditions. Thus, assessing how trade-offs in growth and reproduction of plant population respond to climate change may be key for predicting and conserving complex communities, especially in the context of different precipitation. Here, using a long-term experiment along the precipitation gradient, we investigated trade-offs in growth and reproduction of dominant species, <em>Artemisia capillaris</em> and companion species, <em>Aster altaicus</em>, as well as their climate-driven mechanisms. The impact of <em>A. capillaris</em> and <em>A. altaicus</em> on community above-ground biomass (AGB) and species richness (SR) were also evaluated. Our findings indicate that, over the past 37 years, <em>A. capillaris</em> exhibited lateral growth and asexual reproduction across the three sites. In contrast, <em>A. altaicus</em> tended to grow vertically and reproduce sexually, with a significant increase in its AGB. Moreover, the influence of climate fluctuation, characterized by variations in temperature and precipitation over specific time scales, on the two populations diminished from north to south. Long-term average climate, reflecting mean temperature and precipitation, and current climate conditions during the sampling year primarily influenced changes in <em>A. capillaris</em> and <em>A. altaicus</em> in south, respectively. Additionally, from north to south, the contribution of <em>A. altaicus</em> to community AGB and SR increased, while the contribution of <em>A. capillaris</em> to community AGB and SR decreased. Community AGB increased as the coupling index between <em>A. capillaris</em> and <em>A. altaicus</em> intensified. These findings can help us to better understand the coupling of plant traits, populations and communities, aid in the protection of grasslands under future climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interplay among hormones, antioxidants, and redox signaling in abiotic stress responses

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106081

Camila Luiza Delaix , Andressa Tomiozzo , Guilherme Weber , Yugo Lima-Melo , Alexandre Nascimento de Vargas , Márcia Margis-Pinheiro , Thomaz Stumpf Trenz

Abiotic stresses are major limiting factors in plant development, delaying growth and reducing crop yield. These stressors induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful at high concentrations but also act as signaling molecules. Plants display robust antioxidative machinery to scavenge excess ROS and maintain nontoxic ROS levels. Plant hormones, specialized signaling molecules, are not only essential in plant growth and development, but also transducing stress signals, profoundly affecting the antioxidative machinery and triggering plant adaptive responses. In this context, respiratory burst oxidase homologous proteins are essential hubs that mediate phytohormone-induced ROS production, linking phytohormonal signals to important processes, such as stomatal closure. This review highlights the significant role of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids in enhancing antioxidative responses under abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of redox post-translational modifications involved in hormone signaling.

{"title":"Interplay among hormones, antioxidants, and redox signaling in abiotic stress responses","authors":"Camila Luiza Delaix , Andressa Tomiozzo , Guilherme Weber , Yugo Lima-Melo , Alexandre Nascimento de Vargas , Márcia Margis-Pinheiro , Thomaz Stumpf Trenz","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abiotic stresses are major limiting factors in plant development, delaying growth and reducing crop yield. These stressors induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be harmful at high concentrations but also act as signaling molecules. Plants display robust antioxidative machinery to scavenge excess ROS and maintain nontoxic ROS levels. Plant hormones, specialized signaling molecules, are not only essential in plant growth and development, but also transducing stress signals, profoundly affecting the antioxidative machinery and triggering plant adaptive responses. In this context, respiratory burst oxidase homologous proteins are essential hubs that mediate phytohormone-induced ROS production, linking phytohormonal signals to important processes, such as stomatal closure. This review highlights the significant role of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and brassinosteroids in enhancing antioxidative responses under abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of redox post-translational modifications involved in hormone signaling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to uncover key metabolic mechanisms of mistletoe parasitism on diverse hosts

IF 4.5 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106077

Zhaoxiang Zeng , Xiaoliu Hu , Xueyan Zhao , Xingliang Xiang , Lijun Zhang , Shan Cao , Yurong Zhang , Cheng Chen , Rongzeng Huang , Shuna Jin , Chengwu Song

Mistletoe (Viscum coloratum (Komar.) Nakai) is a parasitic plant with medicinal and culinary uses, yet its parasitic mechanisms on host species are largely unexplored. In this study, we performed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of mistletoe branches and leaves parasitizing on Tilia amurensis Rupr., Ulmus pumila L., and Populus ussuriensis Kom., investigating the potential molecular and metabolic mechanisms of mistletoe influenced by these hosts. Our results revealed notable differences in the transcriptional information of mistletoe branches and leaves across various host species, which was also reflected in their metabolic profiles. At the transcriptional level, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the main pathway influenced by various hosts. Flavonoids and lipids were the primary differential components in the metabolic profile of mistletoe. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism comprising lipids, was a vital pathway for the activities of mistletoe parasites on their hosts. In this pathway, most metabolites, such as LysoPC, and the majority of genes, such as LYPLA2 and DPP1, exhibited the highest expression levels in Tilia amurensis Rupr. Mistletoe parasitizing Tilia amurensis Rupr., whether on branches or leaves, exhibited very significant differences compared to those parasitizing Ulmus pumila L. and Populus ussuriensis Kom. The findings provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms of mistletoe’s parasitic activities and how different hosts affect its transcriptional and metabolic profiles.

{"title":"Integrating transcriptomics and metabolomics to uncover key metabolic mechanisms of mistletoe parasitism on diverse hosts","authors":"Zhaoxiang Zeng , Xiaoliu Hu , Xueyan Zhao , Xingliang Xiang , Lijun Zhang , Shan Cao , Yurong Zhang , Cheng Chen , Rongzeng Huang , Shuna Jin , Chengwu Song","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mistletoe (<em>Viscum coloratum</em> (Komar.) Nakai) is a parasitic plant with medicinal and culinary uses, yet its parasitic mechanisms on host species are largely unexplored. In this study, we performed an integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis of mistletoe branches and leaves parasitizing on <em>Tilia amurensis</em> Rupr., <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L., and <em>Populus ussuriensis</em> Kom., investigating the potential molecular and metabolic mechanisms of mistletoe influenced by these hosts. Our results revealed notable differences in the transcriptional information of mistletoe branches and leaves across various host species, which was also reflected in their metabolic profiles. At the transcriptional level, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism were the main pathway influenced by various hosts. Flavonoids and lipids were the primary differential components in the metabolic profile of mistletoe. Combined metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses demonstrated that glycerophospholipid metabolism comprising lipids, was a vital pathway for the activities of mistletoe parasites on their hosts. In this pathway, most metabolites, such as LysoPC, and the majority of genes, such as LYPLA2 and DPP1, exhibited the highest expression levels in <em>Tilia amurensis</em> Rupr. Mistletoe parasitizing <em>Tilia amurensis</em> Rupr., whether on branches or leaves, exhibited very significant differences compared to those parasitizing <em>Ulmus pumila</em> L. and <em>Populus ussuriensis</em> Kom. The findings provide key insights into the molecular mechanisms of mistletoe’s parasitic activities and how different hosts affect its transcriptional and metabolic profiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 106077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143163980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0