Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献_第2页

Water use in mangroves: Understanding how wood day capacitance varies under salinity in the Sundarbans 红树林的用水：了解孙德尔本斯树木日容在盐度下的变化

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106303

Md. Qumruzzaman Chowdhury, Swapan Kumar Sarker, Md. Imam Hossain Imran, Kamrul Hasan Bhuiyan, Rabeya Sultana, Md. Shamim Reza Saimun, Anup Datta

Mangroves are carbon-rich ecosystems that offer vital goods and services, particularly acting as a barrier to natural disasters, such as storms and tidal surges. However, mangroves around the world are experiencing increasing salinity stress due to global change, such as sea level rise, altered precipitation patterns, and increasing temperature. Wood day capacitance (WDC)−the temporary water release from wood to sustain hydraulic supply for carbon assimilation and transpiration−influences daily water use and tree growth under hydraulic stress. Although understanding species-specific WDC variation along environmental gradients is important to predict how species could adapt under increasing environmental stress, such knowledge is limited for mangroves. Here, we examine (i) how WDC and physiological variables (e.g., leaf water potential) vary in two dominant mangrove species (Exocecaria agallocha and Heritiera fomes) across three (low, medium, and high) salinity zones in the Bangladesh Sundarbans and (ii) how ecophysiological variables and wood density influence WDC variation. Our results reveal that (i) in less-stressed habitats (i.e., low salinity zone), both species exhibit higher WDC and cumulative water release (CWR) with less negative leaf water potential that enable them to maintain hydraulic functions under variable salinity conditions; (ii) compared to shade tolerant H. fomes, light demanding E. agallocha has higher WDC and low wood density that help in rapid resource acquisition, and (iii) salinity modulates WDC to buffer water stress, an adaptation strategy to avoid water deficits. The results suggest that WDC contributes to the diurnal water balance in mangroves in relation to environmental change.

红树林是富含碳的生态系统，提供重要的商品和服务，特别是作为抵御风暴和潮汐等自然灾害的屏障。然而，由于海平面上升、降水模式改变和温度升高等全球变化，世界各地的红树林正在经历越来越多的盐度胁迫。木材日容(WDC) -从木材中暂时释放水分以维持碳同化和蒸腾的水力供应-影响水力胁迫下的日常用水和树木生长。虽然了解沿环境梯度的物种特异性WDC变化对于预测物种如何适应日益增加的环境压力非常重要，但这种知识对红树林来说是有限的。在这里，我们研究了(i)在孟加拉国孙德尔本斯的三个（低、中、高）盐度带中，两种主要红树林物种（黄颡鱼和遗产树）的WDC和生理变量（如叶片水势）是如何变化的，以及（ii）生态生理变量和木材密度如何影响WDC变化。结果表明：(1)在低盐度环境下，两种植物均表现出较高的WDC和累积放水量（CWR），叶片负水势较小，使其能够在变盐度条件下维持水力功能；（ii）与耐阴的H. fhomes相比，需要光的E. agallocha具有更高的WDC和低的木材密度，有助于快速获取资源；（iii）盐度调节WDC以缓冲水分胁迫，这是一种避免缺水的适应策略。结果表明，红树林水分日平衡与环境变化有关。

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引用次数: 0

Beyond light quantity: Intermittent shading affects growth and yield more than constant shading in rice cultivars 超过光照量：在水稻品种中，间歇性遮荫比持续遮荫更能影响生长和产量

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106301

Laura Lescroart , Frédéric Boudon , Christine Granier , Michael Dingkuhn , Raphael P.A. Perez

Plant responses to shade are often studied under constant light reduction, but rarely under intermittent shading which is frequent in natural environments and multilayered systems such as agrivoltaics and agroforestry. We investigated in controlled environments how a 38 % reduction in daily radiation, applied either continuously or as several intermittent periods per day, affected morphology, phenology, aboveground biomass, yield components, and photosynthetic traits of 14 rice cultivars. Plants were grown under full light with 24 MJ m⁻² day⁻¹ , and both shading treatments received the same daily light integral. On average, continuous shading reduced grain yield by 28 % and aboveground biomass by 27 %, whereas intermittent shading resulted in greater decreases, by 32 % and 31 %, respectively. Yield losses were mainly attributed to reduced tillering and to a lesser extent to 1000-kernel weight. Growth reduction was sub-proportional to light resources, indicating increased incident radiation use efficiency under shading. However, this increase was less pronounced under intermittent shading, chiefly attributable to the curvi-linear response of photosynthesis to light. Furthermore, a decrease in the maximum electron transport rate under intermittent shading conditions suggested reduced photosynthetic capacity as well. Despite substantial variation among cultivars in morphology and photosynthetic parameters under full light, none of these traits predicted differential responses to shading regimes. These findings highlight that diurnal light distribution strongly influences crop performance, beyond the effects of mean light reduction. Consideration of intermittent shading is thus crucial for understanding and modeling plant responses in multilayered systems such as agrivoltaics, intercropping, and agroforestry.

植物对遮荫的响应通常是在持续光照减少的情况下进行研究，但很少在间歇性遮荫的情况下进行研究，而间歇性遮荫在自然环境和农业发电和农林业等多层系统中很常见。我们研究了在受控环境下，每天连续或间断施用38 %的日辐射如何影响14个水稻品种的形态、物候、地上生物量、产量成分和光合性状。植物在24 MJ - m（⁻²天）的光照下生长（⁻¹ ），两种遮阳处理得到的日照积分相同。平均而言，连续遮荫使籽粒产量减少28% %，地上生物量减少27% %，而间歇遮荫导致的降幅更大，分别减少32% %和31% %。产量损失主要是分蘖减少造成的，其次是千粒重造成的。生长减少与光照资源成比例，表明遮荫下入射辐射利用效率提高。然而，这种增加在间歇性遮荫下不太明显，主要归因于光合作用对光的曲线线性响应。此外，在间歇性遮荫条件下，最大电子传递速率的降低也表明光合能力的降低。尽管在全光条件下，不同品种的形态和光合参数有很大差异，但这些性状都不能预测对遮光制度的不同反应。这些发现突出表明，除了平均光照减少的影响外，日光照分布对作物生产的影响很大。因此，考虑间歇性遮阳对于理解和模拟诸如农电、间作和农林业等多层系统中的植物反应至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

UV radiation and reduced rainfall: Legacy effects on litter and first-year decomposition in two Mediterranean evergreen shrubs 紫外线辐射和降雨减少：两种地中海常绿灌木凋落物和第一年分解的遗产效应

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106307

Claudia Rodríguez-Hidalgo , Laura Llorens , Anna Doménech-Pascual , Anna M. Romaní , Josep-Abel González , Dolors Verdaguer

Climatic models for the Mediterranean Basin predict higher ultraviolet (UV) radiation and drier conditions by century’s end, potentially altering litter traits, early-stage decomposition, and nutrient cycling. This study investigates how UV radiation (UV-B and UV-A) and reduced rainfall influence leaf litter characteristics and its decomposition in two evergreen sclerophyllous Mediterranean species, Arbutus unedo and Phillyrea angustifolia, growing in a natural shrubland. A field litterbag decomposition experiment was conducted using litter from plants growing in eighteen 9 m² plots arranged in three blocks. For six years, plots experienced one of three UV radiation conditions: ambient UV, without ambient UV-B, and without ambient UV, combined with two rainfall levels (natural or reduced). Treatments altered the initial leaf litter chemistry. In A. unedo, UV-B exposure decreased the leaf carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio (due to higher N) under natural rainfall, while in P. angustifolia, mainly UV-A radiation increased this ratio. Over the studied decomposition period (374 days), leaf litter mass loss in both species was limited, but P. angustifolia litter lost more mass (11 %) than A. unedo litter (3 %), likely due to a lower C/N ratio and a higher microbial activity. UV-A and UV-B radiation affected early litter decomposition in both species by altering recalcitrant compounds and/or microbial biomass, though effects on A. unedo depended on the rainfall amount. Overall, UV radiation appeared to inhibit rather than stimulate decomposition, thus not supporting a predominant role of UV radiation-induced photodegradation. Hence, future climate change may exacerbate present UV and drought effects on litter decomposition, slowing down decomposition rates and enhancing C accumulation in Mediterranean ecosystems.

地中海盆地的气候模型预测，到本世纪末，更高的紫外线（UV）辐射和更干燥的条件，可能会改变凋落物特征、早期分解和养分循环。本文研究了紫外线辐射（UV- b和UV- a）和降雨减少对生长在天然灌木地上的地中海常绿硬叶植物杨梅（Arbutus unedo）和白杨（Phillyrea angustifolia）凋落叶特征及其分解的影响。利用3块共189块 m2地块的植物凋落物进行了田间垃圾袋分解试验。在六年的时间里，实验地块经历了三种紫外线辐射条件中的一种：环境紫外线，没有环境紫外线b，没有环境紫外线，结合两种降雨水平（自然或减少）。处理改变了初始凋落叶的化学成分。自然降雨条件下，UV-B暴露降低了黄杨叶片碳氮比（C/N），而UV-A辐射主要提高了黄杨叶片碳氮比。在研究的374 d内，两种凋落叶的质量损失都有限，但由于C/N比较低和微生物活性较高，白杨凋落叶的质量损失（11 %）大于白杨凋落叶（3 %）。UV-A和UV-B辐射通过改变顽固性化合物和/或微生物生物量来影响两种植物的早期凋落物分解，但对白杨的影响取决于降雨量。总的来说，紫外线辐射似乎抑制而不是刺激分解，因此不支持紫外线辐射诱导的光降解的主要作用。因此，未来气候变化可能会加剧目前紫外线和干旱对凋落物分解的影响，减缓分解速率，增强地中海生态系统中C的积累。

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引用次数: 0

Drought stress modulates the molecular response of Arabidopsis plants to root-knot nematode infection 干旱胁迫调节拟南芥对根结线虫感染的分子反应

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106308

Ahmed Refaiy, Catherine J. Lilley, Nicky J. Atkinson, Peter E. Urwin

Plants are exposed to multiple concurrent stresses under field conditions that can include a combination of biotic and abiotic factors. Drought stress and plant parasitic nematodes are among the most damaging stress factors limiting plant growth and production. Plants have developed complex and specific responses to combined biotic and abiotic stresses, which differ from their responses to individual stresses. Therefore, there is an imperative need to understand plant responses to multiple stresses as a central avenue for development of robust plants with the ability to sustain growth and crop production in times of global climate change. RNA-Seq analysis was performed on Arabidopsis plants to investigate the transcriptomic responses to infection with the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and drought stress either individually or concurrently. Arabidopsis plants activated a unique suite of genes in response to the joint stress, which significantly differed from the response to either individual stress. Among these differentially expressed genes, AZELAIC ACID INDUCED1 (AZI1), SMALL AUXIN UPREGULATED RNA 71 (SAUR71), and DISEASE RELATED NONSPECIFIC LIPID TRANSFER PROTEIN 1 (DRN1) may play important roles in plant responses to concurrent drought stress and root-knot nematode infection. The expression of AZI1, which is involved in priming defences via systemic acquired resistance, was uniquely upregulated in Arabidopsis leaves in response to the combined stress. SAUR71, which is a member of the largest family of primary auxin response genes, was induced solely in response to combined stress. In contrast, the expression of DRN1, a member of the non-specific lipid-transfer protein family, was strongly suppressed in Arabidopsis roots by combined drought stress and nematode infection. When Arabidopsis plants are exposed to multiple stresses simultaneously, their defence and adaptation mechanisms become more complex, leading to the induction of a wide range of morphological and molecular changes that enable them to cope with combined stress conditions.

植物在野外条件下暴露于多种同时发生的胁迫，这些胁迫可能包括生物和非生物因素的组合。干旱胁迫和植物寄生线虫是限制植物生长和生产的最具破坏性的胁迫因子。植物对生物和非生物联合胁迫产生了复杂而特异的反应，这与它们对单个胁迫的反应不同。因此，迫切需要了解植物对多种胁迫的反应，作为在全球气候变化时期发展具有维持生长和作物生产能力的健壮植物的核心途径。对拟南芥植株进行RNA-Seq分析，研究其对根结线虫（Meloidogyne incognita）侵染和干旱胁迫的转录组反应。拟南芥植物在联合胁迫下激活了一套独特的基因，这与对任何一个单独胁迫的反应都有显著不同。在这些差异表达基因中，AZELAIC ACID INDUCED1 （AZI1）、SMALL生长素上调RNA 71 （SAUR71）和疾病相关非特异性脂质转移蛋白1 （DRN1）可能在植物对干旱胁迫和根结线虫感染的响应中发挥重要作用。AZI1通过系统获得性抗性参与启动防御，在联合胁迫下，AZI1在拟南芥叶片中表达上调。SAUR71是生长素反应基因家族中最大的一个成员，它是在联合胁迫下被单独诱导的。相比之下，非特异性脂质转移蛋白家族成员DRN1的表达在拟南芥根系中受到干旱胁迫和线虫感染的强烈抑制。当拟南芥植物同时暴露于多种胁迫时，其防御和适应机制变得更加复杂，从而诱导广泛的形态和分子变化，使其能够应对多种胁迫条件。

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引用次数: 0

Integrative analysis of salt stress responses in peanut, sunflower, and soybean seedlings reveals tissue-specific tolerance mechanisms 花生、向日葵和大豆幼苗对盐胁迫反应的综合分析揭示了组织特异性耐受机制

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106304

Syeda Wajeeha Gillani , Angyan Ren , Meng Wang , Lu Wang , Yingyu Qu , Yiru Song , Yu Bai , Chen Meng , Liangqiang Cheng , Yiqiang Li , Xueli Lu , Zongchang Xu

Salt stress severely restricts oilseed crop productivity, underscoring the need for species-specific insights into tolerance mechanisms. In this study, 21 sunflower (Helianthus annuus), 20 peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and 43 soybean (Glycine max) tolerant and sensitive cultivars were evaluated under eight graded NaCl treatments to determine species-specific salt tolerance thresholds. Representative cultivars were further analyzed for physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic responses under medium (0.4–0.6 %) and severe (0.8–1.2 %) salinity to elucidate adaptive strategies. Sunflower exhibited strong growth resilience and a biphasic sodium (Na⁺) allocation pattern, initially directing Na⁺ to shoots for osmotic adjustment under medium stress, followed by enhanced root sequestration under severe stress. This was accompanied by high antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD), minimal oxidative damage, and root-specific upregulation of stress-responsive genes including UBP15, SPNS, and KEG. In peanut, salt tolerance was associated with moderate germination tolerance, root-based Na⁺ compartmentalization, transient antioxidant and ROS-scavenging activity, and localized expression of calcium signaling (CML19, ACA13) and ion transport genes (PAT8, PLT4). Soybean displayed superior germination and flexible Na⁺ distribution pattern, retaining Na⁺ in roots under low salinity and facilitating shoot translocation under high salinity. This was coupled with elevated antioxidant activities and shoot-preferential expression of transcriptional regulators (CRK7, RAP2.2, MYB84, PYR1). Additionally, soybean shoots exhibited dynamic transcriptomic reprogramming under varying salinity, with key regulatory genes (CTR1, KNAT7, WRKY23, MKP1) mediating Na⁺ exclusion under medium stress and redistribution under severe stress. Together, these results highlight integrated ion homeostasis, ROS detoxification, and transcriptional adjustments as core mechanisms underlying salt tolerance across diverse oilseed crops.

盐胁迫严重限制了油籽作物的生产力，强调需要对特定物种的耐受性机制进行深入了解。以21个向日葵（Helianthus annuus）、20个花生（Arachis hypogaea）和43个大豆（Glycine max）品种为材料，在8种分级NaCl处理下进行耐盐敏感评价，以确定品种特异性耐盐阈值。进一步分析了代表性品种在中（0.4-0.6 %）和重度（0.8-1.2 %）盐度下的生理、生化和转录组反应，以阐明适应策略。向日葵表现出较强的生长弹性和两相钠+的分配模式，在中等胁迫下，Na +首先指向茎部进行渗透调节，在严重胁迫下，Na +增强了根的固存。这伴随着高抗氧化酶活性（SOD， POD），最小的氧化损伤和根特异性应激反应基因上调，包括UBP15， SPNS和KEG。在花生中，耐盐性与中等萌发耐受性、基于根的Na⁺区隔化、瞬时抗氧化和ros清除活性以及钙信号（CML19、ACA13）和离子运输基因（PAT8、PLT4）的局部表达有关。大豆表现出优越的萌发能力和灵活的Na⁺分布模式，低盐度条件下Na⁺保留在根中，高盐度条件下有利于茎部转运。这与抗氧化活性升高和转录调控因子（CRK7, RAP2.2, MYB84, PYR1）的优先表达相结合。此外，大豆芽在不同盐度下表现出动态转录组重编程，关键调控基因（CTR1、KNAT7、WRKY23、MKP1）介导中逆境下Na⁺的排除和重度胁迫下Na⁺的重新分布。总之，这些结果强调了综合离子稳态、ROS解毒和转录调节是多种油籽作物耐盐性的核心机制。

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引用次数: 0

Climate-mediated trade-offs between nutrient allocation and resorption efficiency in Phragmites australis along moisture gradients: A case study from an arid wetland in China 气候对芦苇养分分配和再吸收效率的影响：以中国干旱湿地为例

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106305

Jian Zhang , Yixian Chen , Asim Biswas , Jiayi Zhang , Yao Zhang , Shuzhi Ji

Arid wetland ecosystems face unprecedented challenges under accelerating climate change, yet the mechanistic understanding of how dominant species adapt their nutrient strategies remains critically limited. In this study, we use spatial moisture gradients as a proxy for long-term plant adaptation to differing water regimes, and interannual climate data to assess short-term modulation of nutrient strategies within these established gradients. Here, we present the comprehensive multi-year analysis of nutrient allocation and resorption trade-offs mediated by climatic variability in Phragmites australis, the keystone species of arid wetlands globally. Through three years (2021–2023) of field observations across spatial moisture gradients in China's Dunhuang wetland, we reveal fundamental trade-offs between belowground nutrient allocation and aboveground resorption efficiency that determine ecosystem functioning. Our results demonstrate that interannual precipitation variability regulates nutrient resorption strategies along spatial moisture gradients, while simultaneously exerting indirect effects through leaf N:P ratios and soil available phosphorus modifications. Specifically, leaf nitrogen resorption efficiency decreased significantly with increasing soil moisture across sites (from 75 % in low moisture to 66 % in high moisture), while phosphorus allocation to rhizomes increased under elevated moisture conditions. Structural equation modelling revealed that precipitation influences these responses through dual pathways: direct physiological effects and indirect modifications of leaf nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios and soil available phosphorus. Critically, we discovered a negative correlation between rhizome-to-leaf nutrient ratios and leaf resorption efficiency (path coefficient = −0.53 and −0.27 for nitrogen and phosphorus, respectively), indicating that Phragmites australis employs contrasting nutrient conservation strategies depending on resource availability. Under water-limited conditions, plants prioritize leaf nutrient resorption, while under favourable moisture conditions, they enhance belowground nutrient allocation. These findings provide a conceptual framework for predicting plant nutrient responses to interannual climate variability as expressed through spatial moisture conditions in arid wetland ecosystems and offer insights that may inform wetland conservation strategies in water-limited regions.

在气候变化加速的背景下，干旱湿地生态系统面临着前所未有的挑战，但对优势物种如何适应其营养策略的机制理解仍然非常有限。在这项研究中，我们使用空间湿度梯度作为植物对不同水分状况的长期适应的代理，并使用年际气候数据来评估这些已建立的梯度内营养策略的短期调节。在此，我们对全球干旱湿地的关键物种芦苇（Phragmites australis）在气候变化介导下的养分分配和再吸收权衡进行了全面的多年分析。通过为期三年（2021-2023）的敦煌湿地空间水分梯度野外观测，揭示了地下养分分配和地上吸收效率之间的基本权衡，这决定了生态系统的功能。研究结果表明，年际降水变异调节了土壤养分吸收策略，同时通过叶片氮磷比和土壤速效磷变化产生间接影响。具体而言，随着土壤湿度的增加，叶片氮吸收效率显著降低（从低湿度的75% %降至高湿度的66 %），而在高湿度条件下，磷分配给根茎的数量增加。结构方程模型表明，降水通过直接生理效应和间接影响叶片氮磷比和土壤有效磷的双重途径影响这些响应。重要的是，我们发现根状茎与叶片的营养比与叶片的吸收效率呈负相关（氮和磷的通径系数分别为- 0.53和- 0.27），这表明芦苇根据资源的可用性采用了不同的营养保护策略。在水分限制条件下，植物优先吸收叶片养分，而在水分有利条件下，植物加强地下养分的分配。这些发现为预测干旱湿地生态系统中通过空间湿度条件表达的植物养分对年际气候变化的响应提供了一个概念框架，并为水资源有限地区的湿地保护策略提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Priming and memory in ancient olive cultivars: Enhancing drought resilience through rhizosphere microbial consortia under repeated stress cycles 古橄榄品种的启动和记忆：在重复胁迫循环下通过根际微生物群落增强抗旱性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106295

Emanuele Fosso, Maria Tartaglia, Gina Gizzi, Maria Maisto, Maria Antonietta Ranauda, Monica Labella-Ortega, Antonello Prigioniero, Daniela Zuzolo, Carmine Guarino

Understanding how olive cultivars respond to recurrent drought is critical to develop climate-resilient cropping systems. This study investigated the physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses of three autochthonous cultivars (Ortice, Ortolana, Racioppella) exposed to repeated water deficit, with and without inoculation of a PGPR consortium (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens). Under stress, Ortolana maintained stable water status, Ortice exhibited progressive adaptive plasticity, while Racioppella showed heightened stress sensitivity with limited recovery capacity. Microbial inoculation enhanced the accumulation of osmolytes (proline, soluble sugars) and antioxidants (phenols, flavonoids), and mitigated pigment degradation. At the molecular level, drought induced strong upregulation of NCED1 and repression of PP2C, while inoculated plants displayed a tempered transcriptional response, suggesting effective priming. Upon the second stress exposure, LEA46 and DHN1 expression increased markedly, particularly in Ortice, indicating activation of stress memory. Expression of OePIP2.1 aquaporin declined under drought, consistent with reduced membrane water permeability; however, cultivar-specific patterns emerged, implying differential regulatory strategies. The microbial consortium appeared to reinforce both primed and memory-based responses. These findings demonstrate that integrating tolerant genotypes with functional microbial inoculants enhances drought resilience through coordinated physiological regulation and timely modulation of stress-responsive genes, supporting sustainable olive production in water-limited environments.

了解橄榄品种对周期性干旱的反应对于开发气候适应型种植系统至关重要。本研究研究了三种本土栽培品种（Ortice, Ortolana, Racioppella）在反复缺水条件下，接种和不接种PGPR联合菌（枯草芽孢杆菌，荧光假单胞菌）的生理、生化和分子反应。在胁迫下，Ortolana保持稳定的水分状态，Ortice表现出渐进的适应性可塑性，而Racioppella表现出较高的胁迫敏感性，但恢复能力有限。微生物接种增强了渗透物（脯氨酸、可溶性糖）和抗氧化剂（酚类、类黄酮）的积累，减缓了色素的降解。在分子水平上，干旱诱导了NCED1的强烈上调和PP2C的抑制，而接种后的植株表现出较弱的转录反应，表明诱导是有效的。第二次应激暴露后，LEA46和DHN1的表达显著增加，尤其是在Ortice，表明应激记忆被激活。干旱条件下OePIP2.1水通道蛋白表达下降，与膜透水性降低一致；然而，出现了特定品种的模式，这意味着不同的调控策略。微生物联合体似乎加强了启动和基于记忆的反应。这些研究结果表明，将耐受性基因型与功能性微生物接种剂结合，通过协调生理调节和及时调节应激反应基因，增强了橄榄的抗旱能力，支持了缺水环境下橄榄的可持续生产。

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引用次数: 0

Brassinosteroids (BRs) and photomorphogenesis: Hormonal regulation of light-mediated plant development 油菜素内酯和光形态发生：光介导植物发育的激素调节

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106298

Hakim Manghwar , Amjad Hussain , Intikhab Alam , Siqi Fan , Guanghua Sun , Fen Liu

To adapt to varying environmental conditions, plants have developed complex mechanisms to optimize growth and development throughout their lifecycles. Light is the primary energy source that drives photosynthesis and act as an environmental signal, which is involved in regulating various plant physiological functions. Plants detect changes in external light conditions through multiple photoreceptors. Photomorphogenesis is characterized by the opening and expansion of the cotyledon, suppression of hypocotyl elongation, and the development of proplastids into fully mature chloroplasts in response to light. The Brassinosteroids (BRs) are polyhydroxylated steroidal hormones—important for plant growth, development, and productivity, including photomorphogenesis. While promoting hypocotyl elongation, BRs fine-tune light-responsive photomorphogenesis in plants. Since BRs are eco-friendly and non-toxic phytohormones, they promote plant adaptability to changing environmental conditions and various biotic and abiotic stresses, thereby maintaining ecological equilibrium. Light and BR antagonistically regulate the transition from skotomorphogenesis in darkness to photomorphogenesis in light. Photomorphogenic repressors, such as Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) G-protein β subunit (AGB1), PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC PROTEIN 1 (COP1), have been reported to enhance BR response, whereas factors that promote photomorphogenesis, including NF-YCs, bzr1–D suppressor1 (BZS1), and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5), have been reported to inhibit BR signaling. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) cross-talk with the transcription factors (TFs), playing a crucial role in the light signaling pathway to orchestrate photomorphogenesis. This review discusses BRs, photomorphogenesis, and the interaction between photoreceptors and BRs. It outlines the physiological roles of BRs in plant development during photomorphogenesis and elucidates the molecular mechanism of BRs in regulating photomorphogenesis.

为了适应不断变化的环境条件，植物在其整个生命周期中发展出复杂的机制来优化生长和发育。光是驱动光合作用的主要能量来源，也是一种环境信号，参与调节植物的各种生理功能。植物通过多个光感受器检测外部光照条件的变化。光形态发生的特征是子叶在光照条件下张开和扩张，抑制下胚轴伸长，并使原质体发育为完全成熟的叶绿体。油菜素内酯（BRs）是一种多羟基甾体激素，对植物生长、发育和生产力（包括光形态形成）很重要。BRs在促进下胚轴伸长的同时，调控植物的光形态形成。BRs是一种生态友好、无毒的植物激素，能够促进植物对不断变化的环境条件和各种生物及非生物胁迫的适应性，从而维持生态平衡。光和BR拮抗调节黑暗条件下的光形态发生向光形态发生的转变。据报道，拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana） g蛋白β亚基（AGB1）、光敏色素相互作用因子（PIFs）和组成型光形态形成蛋白1 （COP1）等光形态形成抑制因子可增强BR反应，而促进光形态发生的因子，包括NF-YCs、bzr1-D抑制因子1 （BZS1）和细长下胚轴5 (HY5)，则可抑制BR信号传导。BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 （BZR1）和brassinosteroids insensitive 2 （BIN2）与转录因子（tf）相互作用，在调控光形态发生的光信号通路中发挥重要作用。本文综述了BRs、光形态发生以及光感受器与BRs的相互作用。概述了BRs在植物光形态发生过程中的生理作用，阐明了BRs调控光形态发生的分子机制。

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引用次数: 0

Silicon alleviates aluminum stress via distinct mechanisms in two Eucalyptus species differing in Al tolerance 硅通过不同的机制缓解铝胁迫在两种不同的桉树品种的铝耐受性

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106299

Linjuan Huang , Lei Wang , Luocan Zhou , Yandi Qin , Yishan Luo , Hongying Li , Jingzhong Shi , Le Kong , Wenmei Tan , Weichao Teng

Silicon (Si) is an environmentally friendly and non-toxic additive that can mitigate aluminum (Al) toxicity in plants. Eucalyptus, a widely cultivated tree species in southern China, faces growth limitation and Si deficiency under Al stress. However, the role of Si in reshaping plant functional-elemental networks under Al stress remains unclear. Hence, we conducted a pot experiment on Al-sensitive Eucalyptus (E. tereticornis) and Al-tolerant Eucalyptus (E. urophylla), with two Al levels (0 and 4.5 mM) and four Si levels (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM). Results showed that Al stress significantly reduced plant biomass, functional traits, photosynthesis, and multi-element accumulation in both species (P < 0.05), with E. tereticornis more adversely affected. Silicon addition, particularly at 0.5 mM, markedly alleviated Al-induced growth inhibition by promoting biomass accumulation, improving functional traits, enhancing photosynthesis and water use efficiency, and increasing the uptake of essential nutrients (e.g., C, N, P, K, Si, Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, and Fe). Notably, Si addition had different effects on Al accumulation: it reduced Al accumulation in E. tereticornis but increased it in E. urophylla. Network analysis further suggested that E. tereticornis primarily relied on Si-induced external Al exclusion by enhancing the uptake of competing cations (e.g., K⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺), whereas E. urophylla adopted internal Si-mediated detoxification by promoting Al and Si co-accumulation and the formation of low-toxicity Al-Si complexes, thereby enhancing Al immobilization. Consequently, these findings highlight the distinct Si-mediated strategies for Al stress in two Eucalyptus species, providing novel insights into the Si alleviation mechanism under Al stress.

硅（Si）是一种环保无毒的添加剂，可以减轻植物中的铝（Al）毒性。桉树是中国南方广泛栽培的树种，在铝胁迫下面临生长限制和缺硅。然而，Si在Al胁迫下重塑植物功能元素网络中的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们对铝敏感桉树（E. tereticornis）和耐铝桉树（E. urophylla）进行了盆栽试验，设置了2个Al水平（0和4.5 mM）和4个Si水平（0、0.5、1.0和1.5 mM）。结果表明，铝胁迫显著降低了两种植物的生物量、功能性状、光合作用和多元素积累量（P <； 0.05），其中对沙蚕的影响更大。添加硅，特别是0.5 mM，通过促进生物量积累，改善功能性状，提高光合作用和水分利用效率，增加必需营养物质（如C、N、P、K、Si、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn和Fe）的吸收，显著缓解了al诱导的生长抑制。值得注意的是，添加Si对Al的积累有不同的影响：它减少了虎角棘猴的Al积累，但增加了尾叶棘猴的Al积累。网络分析进一步表明，虎角蕨主要通过增强竞争阳离子（如K+、Ca2+和Mg2+）的吸收来诱导外部Al排斥，而尾叶蕨则通过促进Al和Si的共同积累和形成低毒Al-Si复合物来增强Al的固定化，从而通过内部Si介导的解毒。因此，这些发现突出了两种桉树物种中不同的硅介导铝胁迫策略，为铝胁迫下的硅缓解机制提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing the drought-induced variations in rice water use strategy through a hydraulic-based stomatal optimization model 基于水力学的气孔优化模型揭示水稻水分利用策略的干旱变化

IF 4.7 2区生物学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental and Experimental Botany

Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2025.106297

Rui Zhu , Tiesong Hu , Donghui Wan , Yulei Xie , Xiang Zeng , Shan Zhou , Yong Liu , Peiran Jing , Qifan Zhang , Duo Liang

Effects of drought on rice’s water use strategies and how these variations are linked to stress-induced physiological changes are poorly understood. This study developed a stomatal optimization model and proposed a model-based analytical framework for evaluating the variations in rice water use strategies in response to drought. We applied this approach to water deficit experiments on rice, with mild, moderate, and severe water deficit treatments representing 70 %, 60 %, and 50 % of the field water capacity (FC), respectively. Water deficit co-limited the photosynthetic capacity and water transport capacity of rice, accompanied by adaptation in water use strategies. These stress-induced physiological changes enhanced the long-term hydraulic safety in some treatments, while increasing long-term carbon gain in others. Rice that suffered severe water deficit (i.e., 50 % FC) exhibited a more anisohydric water use strategy during the post-stress period. The model predicts that while anisohydric water use strategy reduces future soil water availability, larger stomatal opening compensates for the impaired photosynthesis caused by irreversible physiological damage and thus contributes to long-term carbon gains. This work emphasizes the adaptability of plant water use strategies to the environment, which has important implications for modeling and predicting water productivity and water use efficiency of crops or other ecosystems under changing environments.

干旱对水稻水分利用策略的影响以及这些变化如何与胁迫诱导的生理变化联系在一起，人们知之甚少。本研究建立了一个气孔优化模型，并提出了一个基于模型的分析框架来评价水稻水分利用策略在干旱条件下的变化。我们将该方法应用于水稻水分亏缺试验，轻度、中度和重度水分亏缺处理分别占田间水分容量（FC）的70% %、60% %和50% %。水分亏缺限制了水稻的光合能力和水分转运能力，并伴随着水分利用策略的适应。这些应力诱导的生理变化在某些处理中提高了长期水力安全性，而在其他处理中则增加了长期碳增益。遭受严重水分亏缺（即50% % FC）的水稻在后胁迫时期表现出更多的各向异性水分利用策略。该模型预测，虽然各向异性水分利用策略降低了未来土壤水分有效性，但较大的气孔开放补偿了不可逆生理损伤导致的光合作用受损，从而有助于长期的碳收益。这项工作强调了植物水分利用策略对环境的适应性，这对模拟和预测作物或其他生态系统在变化环境下的水分生产力和水分利用效率具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0