Environmental and Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Elevated CO2 concentration enhances plant growth, photosynthesis, and ion homeostasis of soybean under salt-alkaline stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt-alkaline stress adversely affects growth and productivity of soybean. In the event of global climate change, the effects of elevated CO₂ concentration (<em>e</em>CO₂) and salt-alkaline stress on soybean remain unclear. This study investigated the combined effects of elevated CO₂ concentration (700 μmol·moL⁻¹) and salt-alkaline stress on soybean growth, gas exchange, pigments profiles, antioxidative enzyme activities, osmolyte accumulation, Na⁺ and K⁺ contents, and genes involved in ion homeostasis. This study suggested that <em>e</em>CO₂ improved plant physiological performance due to the greater net photosynthetic rate (+212.49 %) and water use efficiency (+92.86 %). Both salt-alkaline stress and <em>e</em>CO₂ significantly increased catalase (CAT) activity in leaves and stems, significantly increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in stems, and significantly increased peroxidase (POD) activity in whole plants of soybean. <em>e</em>CO₂ significantly inhibited Na⁺ absorption as indicated by decreased Na⁺ contents in whole plants under salt-alkaline stress accompanied by lower relative electrical conductivity, thus reducing osmotic and ionic stress. <em>e</em>CO₂ induced enhancement of expressions of gene encoding the ion transporter of <em>GmHKT1;2</em>, <em>GmHKT1;5</em>, <em>GmHKT1;6</em>, <em>GmNHX5</em>, and <em>GmSOS1</em> in stems mediated Na⁺ and K⁺ transport, thus benefiting to keep ions homeostasis. These results suggest that <em>e</em>CO₂ contributes to enhancing soybean tolerance to saline-alkaline stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"At the core of salinity: Divergent transcriptomic responses to neutral and alkaline salinity in Arabidopsis thaliana","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of current climate change, alkaline salinity is increasingly challenging crop yields, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Alkaline salinity is more detrimental to plant performance than neutral salinity and tolerance to neutral salinity may not confer tolerance to alkaline salinity. The mechanisms behind are still poorly understood. This study aims to identify physiological and genetic traits underlying this differential tolerance to neutral and alkaline salinity by exploiting the variation present in natural populations (demes) of <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em>. Growth, photosynthesis, phytohormone and mineral nutrient profiles, plant water status and transcriptomic changes were analyzed in four demes with contrasting tolerance to neutral and alkaline salinity. Results of this novel holistic approach suggest low internal Fe use efficiency caused by bicarbonate as a driver of enhanced sensitivity to alkaline salinity in plants adapted to neutral salinity prompting photosynthesis inhibition and alteration of the plant’s carbon budget for primary and secondary metabolism. Moreover, alkaline salinity specifically altered the auxin and jasmonic acid signaling pathways, while sustained ABA biosynthesis was an adaptive trait under neutral salinity. Exploring the genes with non-shared expression trends between salinity types, we identified sequence variation at the <em>BGAL4</em> locus associated with advantageous responses to each type of salinity. Weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) validated the significant involvement of gene co-expression modules targeted by the enrichment analyses, highlighting the hubs correlated with favorable responses to both salinity types. Overall, the present study points out the complex physiological and genetic mechanisms responsible for plant tolerance to alkaline salinity and proposes target genes for breeding strategies under alkaline saline soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host genetics shapes Pinus radiata phenotypic plasticity under drought and is linked with root-associated soil microbiome shifts","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under current and future climate scenarios, identifying drought-resistant tree species, tree genotypes, and beneficial interactions between trees and their root-associated soil microbiomes is becoming more imperative for maintaining tree health and sustaining increasingly vulnerable forests. We designed a genotype x soil x watering x time glasshouse experiment using <em>Pinus radiata</em> as a model tree to assess the magnitude of the effect of host genotype and root-associated soil microbiome on the phenotype response (functional traits, metabolome, nutrients) under drought. We identified the shikimate pathway as a critical metabolic pathway for <em>Pinus radiata</em> drought resistance, with the shikimic acid intermediate being one of the strongest drought signals, besides downstream metabolites such as flavonoids and phenylpropanoids. Overall, we found that the host genotype diversity was a key actor in the observed phenotype response of <em>P. radiata</em> to drought. In contrast, the microbiome was attributed a minor supporting role. Contrary to our hypothesis, dry soils could not support drought-sensitive genotypes under drought stress. Instead, the drought-resistant genotype was able to leverage locally adaptive bacteria to match local selective drought pressures at the expense of tree growth. This highlights the significance of finding specific combinations of tree genotype and mutualistic microbial communities that would thrive under future environmental pressures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormonal signaling regulates photosynthetic function of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under NaHCO3 stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105999","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying salt-alkali tolerance in &lt;em&gt;Medicago sativa&lt;/em&gt; are of significant importance for the development of animal husbandry on salt-alkali lands and the restoration of vegetation in such areas. This study utilized salt-alkali tolerance &lt;em&gt;Medicago sativa&lt;/em&gt; 'Zhaodong' (ZD) and salt-alkali sensitive variety &lt;em&gt;M. sativa&lt;/em&gt; 'Zhongmu No.1′ (ZM) as materials. Physiological analyses, transcriptomic sequencing, and hormone-targeted metabolomics techniques were employed to investigate the differential responses of the two alfalfa varieties to NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress in terms of morphology, photosynthetic functionality, and oxidative damage indicators. Additionally, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was utilized to elucidate key mechanisms underlying salt-alkali tolerance in alfalfa. The results indicate that NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress leads to photosynthetic inhibition and oxidative damage in alfalfa leaves. Under NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress, PSI in alfalfa leaves exhibits higher stability compared to PSII. The salt-alkali tolerance alfalfa variety ZD demonstrates stronger tolerance compared to the salt-alkali sensitive variety ZM. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two varieties under NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress are primarily enriched in KEGG pathways such as chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and plant hormone synthesis and signaling. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted based on physiological and transcriptomic data. Most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the top two modules with the highest correlation to physiological indicators such as photosynthesis are enriched in hormone synthesis and signal transduction pathways. Additionally, key transcription factors involved in hormone signal transduction were identified within these modules, such as &lt;em&gt;MYC2&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;ABI5&lt;/em&gt;, which regulate jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, respectively. These findings suggest that plant hormone signaling may play a critical role in regulating salt-alkali tolerance in alfalfa. Further analysis was conducted on plant hormone levels and gene expression involved in biosynthesis and signal transduction processes. The results indicate that NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress leads to significant accumulation of ABA and JA content in alfalfa leaves. The biosynthesis and signal transduction pathways of ABA and JA are activated under NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress. Additionally, the salt-alkali tolerance alfalfa variety ZD exhibits a more sensitive response to ABA and JA signals compared to ZM. Salicylic acid (SA) shows a positive response to NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress only in the ZD variety, which may be one of the key reasons for its stronger salt-alkali tolerance. Under NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; stress, overall growth-promoting hormones (IAA, GA, CK) are downregulated in ZD but upregulated in ZM, indicating that the s","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteomic analysis of storage proteins in Phaseolus vulgaris associated with resistance to water stress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>), a widely consumed legume in Ecuador, boasts low economic value, significant nutritional contributions, and a remarkable capacity to enhance soil fertility. Despite these attributes, its field productivity often needs to improve, with the water deficit emerging as a primary hindrance. Consequently, genetic enhancements have been incorporated into select varieties, conferring tolerance to specific levels of water scarcity stress. This study aimed to elucidate the distinctions in protein expression patterns responding to water deficiency stress across nine bean varieties. Protein patterns were scrutinized through two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE), and selected protein spots were subjected to mass spectrometry analysis (MALDI-TOF MS/RP-LC-MS/MS). A comprehensive identification of 111 proteins was achieved and categorized based on their respective functions. Noteworthy among these were the desiccation-protectant protein (LEA14) and Desiccation-related protein PCC13–62, identified as proteins associated with the response to abiotic stress, particularly prevalent in the INIAP_473 cultivar. These findings underscore the potential for targeted genetic improvements to mitigate the impact of water deficit stress on common bean cultivation, contributing to enhanced agricultural resilience and productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated proline and melatonin alter the methylation pattern in the promoter of their biosynthesis genes in rice","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.106001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salt stress upregulates osmoprotectants proline and melatonin in plants, and their exogenous application under salt stress can protect them from stress. While melatonin-induced plant epigenetic reprogramming is known in plants, such a mechanism is yet to be identified in the case of proline. The studies conducted so far used proline and melatonin along with one or more stress factors to look into their stress-alleviating effects. We investigated the impact of externally applied proline and melatonin on the methylation of promoter sequences of proline and melatonin biosynthesis genes in 14-day-old rice plants using a combination of biochemical, bioinformatics, and molecular techniques. Our findings demonstrate that exogenously applied proline and melatonin elevate endogenous levels of these compounds in rice, mimicking stress conditions in plants, as the biochemical assays corroborated the activation of antioxidant systems, particularly ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT). Bioinformatics analysis unveiled multiple stress-responsive transcription factor binding sites on gene promoters associated with proline and melatonin biosynthesis pathways. Restriction analysis using the isoschizomer pair <em>MspI/HpaII</em> revealed distinct cytosine methylations at the restriction sites on the promoters analyzed in plants treated with proline and melatonin compared to the control. Differential methylation identified in the promoter sequences were matching with the biosynthesis of proline and melatonin and also the antioxidant enzyme levels. These observations are consistent with previous transcriptome data of proline and melatonin biosynthesis genes, providing insights into underlying regulatory mechanisms of proline and melatonin biosynthesis, their role in epigenome control during abiotic stress, and the evolution of various stress-tolerant varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome architecture of the heavy metal tolerant and accumulator Hirschfeldia incana: Insights from genome sequencing, assembly, and comparative analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Hirschfeldia incana</em> L., a member of the Brassicaceae family commonly found in Mediterranean regions, is known for its capacity to withstand and accumulate heavy metals, particularly lead (Pb) both in soil environments and hydroponic systems. This plant has been used as a model to study plant responses to heavy metals. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying its tolerance and heavy metal accumulation are not fully understood, partly because of the limited knowledge about its genome. In this study, the genome of <em>H. incana</em> was sequenced, assembled, characterized, and annotated. Approximately 8.6 Gpb of data were generated using Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), resulting in a genome assembly of 390 Mb, comprising 5196 contigs with an N50 exceeding 131 kb. The genome had a BUSCO score of 97.2 %, with 38,454 genes and a repetition content of 38.25 %. Subsequently, the assembled genome was annotated using several databases including GO, InterPro, MetaCyc, PANTHER, Pfam, Reactome, SUPERFAMILY, and KEGG. This annotation yielded 22,661 GO terms and 143 KEGG maps. A comparative genomic analysis between <em>H. incana</em> and six Brassicaceae species (five hyperaccumulators of heavy metals and one non-hyperaccumulator) was also conducted. This analysis revealed that <em>H. incana</em> shares a substantial proportion of orthologous genes (89.7 % of orthogroups) with six Brassicaceae species. The generated phylogenetic tree suggests that <em>H. incana</em> is closely related to <em>B. juncea, B. napus,</em> and <em>B. oleracea</em>, indicating a common ancestry and potentially shared genetic factors contributing to hyperaccumulation in these species. Moreover, the copy number of twenty-nine genes involved in heavy metal tolerance and accumulation mechanisms in <em>H. incana</em> and six brassicaceae were assayed. This analysis revealed that <em>H. incana</em> and other hyperaccumulator species possess a higher copy number of genes related to heavy metal tolerance than the sensitive plant <em>A. thaliana</em>. Notably, the variation in gene copy numbers highlights their potential role in the adaptation of <em>H. incana</em> to heavy metal stress. This study provides a comprehensive genomic framework that enhance our understanding of <em>H. incana</em> adaptation to heavy metal stress, and offers valuable data for further genomic investigations of the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal tolerance and accumulation in plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From landraces to haplotypes, exploiting a genomic and phenomic approach to identify heat tolerant genotypes within durum wheat landraces","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry and hot climates severely impact wheat yields, necessitating the development of innovative solutions to accelerate the breeding and selection of more adaptable durum wheat genotypes. The aim of this study was to identify new wheat ecotypes that can bridge the gap between commercial varieties and adaptability to ongoing climate change. In this study, advanced genomic and phenomic techniques were combined to characterize a set of durum wheat landraces derived from single seed descent (SSD). This approach enabled the identification of novel variability in the <em>TdHsp26-A1</em> and <em>-B1</em> genes. As a result, 38 durum wheat genotypes were analyzed using targeted enrichment PCR, leading to the identification of 17 novel haplotype combinations with SNPs in the TdHsp26 genes. The response of these SSD haplotypes to heat stress was characterized at both the seedling and tillering growth stages. Phenotypic analysis of contrasting genotypes led to the selection of two distinct genotypes: SSD69 and SSD397. During heat stress, SSD69 exhibited altered accumulation of H₂O₂ and MDA content under both growth conditions, providing new insights into the oxidative response to heat stress. Additionally, this work identifies phenotypic traits that are suitable for detecting differences between variants. The geographic distribution of the different alleles aligned with the spread of durum wheat from its center of origin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of ankyrin repeat gene family revealed SbANK56 confers drought tolerance in sorghum","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins are crucial for cell growth, development, and response to hormones and environmental stress. However, there has been little research done to clarify the roles of ANK proteins in sorghum. In this study, 142 <em>ANK</em> genes of sorghum were identified and classified into 12 subfamilies according to the conserved domains. The <em>cis</em>-elements analysis revealed a substantial presence of stress-responsive elements within the promoter region of <em>SbANK</em> genes. After treated with drought, salt, and abscisic acid, <em>SbANK56</em> showed the highest expression levels among family members by using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis. The survival rate was significantly improved by the overexpression of <em>SbANK56</em> compared to wild type (WT) under drought conditions. <em>SbANK56</em> overexpressing plants displayed lower malondialdehyde and higher proline contents compared to WT plants under drought conditions. Additionally, the expression levels of drought-associated genes were significantly increased in <em>SbANK56</em> transgenic plants. Importantly, the analysis of natural variation in <em>SbANK56</em> revealed a significant positive correlation between <em>SbANK56</em>_Hap4 and both its differential expression and drought stress tolerance. Taken together, our results provide some evidence for improving drought tolerance in sorghum through breeding initiatives while also advancing our knowledge of the evolutionary trends and functional mechanisms underlying ANK genes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and proteomic responses of Posidonia oceanica to phytotoxins of invasive Caulerpa species","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envexpbot.2024.105987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The invasive green algae <em>Caulerpa taxifolia</em> (M. Vahl) C. Agardh, 1817 and <em>Caulerpa cylindracea</em> Sonder, 1845 are widely diffused in the Mediterranean Sea, where they compete for space with the endemic seagrass <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> (Linnaeus) Delile, 1813, a keystone species in Mediterranean marine biodiversity. The present study aims to explore the possible effects of bioactive metabolites from the invasive algae on the seagrass, which may imply an allelopathic action. In particular, the study focuses on the effects of the algal alkaloid caulerpin and the sesquiterpene caulerpenyne. Changes in leaf growth, chlorophyll content, and leaf protein expression of <em>P. oceanica</em> genets under treatments were evaluated after 28 days of cultivation in mesocosms. Caulerpenyne strongly inhibited the growth of adult leaves and the formation of new ones, while inducing the elongation of the intermediate leaves and increased total chlorophyll content; on the contrary, caulerpin did not significantly influence leaf growth and the formation of new ones. A total of 107 differentially accumulated proteins common to the two treatments were also identified using the proteomic approach. Both molecules induced cells to maintain homeostasis, enhancing the amino acid metabolism or fatty acid biosynthesis. Despite these disruptions, <em>P. oceanica</em> demonstrated a more efficient response to stress induced by caulerpin, stimulating the biosynthesis of essential amino acids to maintain cellular homeostasis and mitigate damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, obtained results supports the possible role of caulerpenyne, and not caulerpin, as an effector in allelopathic interactions among invasive <em>Caulerpa</em> species and <em>P. oceanica</em> in the Mediterranean.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11758,"journal":{"name":"Environmental and Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142422879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}