Energy Storage最新文献

This paper presents an innovative approach to enhancing the range of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) through the integration of a hydrogen fuel cell range extender. By combining the high energy efficiency of BEVs with the rapid refueling capability and extended range of hydrogen fuel cells, this hybrid system addresses the limitations of current electric vehicles in scenarios demanding longer driving ranges or quicker refueling options. Our study encompasses both experimental and theoretical analyses, leading to the proposal of a BEV configuration that includes a smaller battery complemented by a fuel cell range extender. The conventional fuel cell electric vehicle (FCV) examined relies exclusively on hydrogen fuel and features a minimal battery without plug-in functionality, resulting in suboptimal energy economy. In contrast, our proposed BEV with a fuel cell range extender employs a larger battery capacity of 12 to 16 kWh alongside a downsized fuel cell stack and reduced hydrogen tank size. This configuration significantly improves energy recovery during braking and extends electric operation, thereby doubling the vehicle's energy economy. The proposed system not only enhances energy efficiency but also reduces the weight and volume of the overall energy storage system. Preliminary estimates suggest that the miles-per-gallon equivalent (MPGe) of this hybrid solution could exceed 140 over the US EPA certification cycle, outperforming existing PHEVs, BEVs, and FCVs.

Forecasting the state of charge (SOC) using battery control systems is laborious because of their longevity and reliability. Since battery degradation is typically nonlinear, predicting SOC estimation with significantly less degradation is laborious. So, the estimation of SOC is an increasingly major problem in ensuring the effectiveness and safety of the battery. To overcome these issues in SOC estimation, we found many methods in the scientific literature, with differing degrees of precision and intricacy. The SOC of lithium-ion batteries can now be precisely predicted using supervised learning approaches. Reliable assessment of the SOC of a battery ensures safe operation, extends battery lifespan, and optimizes system performance. This work compares and studies the performance, benefits, and drawbacks of five supervised learning techniques for SOC estimates. Different SOC estimate methods are discussed, including both conventional and contemporary methods. These consist of techniques using voltage and current measurements and more complex algorithms using electrochemical models, impedance spectroscopy, and machine learning methods, incorporating the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning for flexible SOC estimation. In the future, SOC estimates will be a crucial component of a larger ecosystem for energy management, allowing for the seamless integration of energy storage into smart grids and adopting more environmentally friendly energy habits. The five methods we compare are random forest RF, gradient boosting machines, extra tree regressor, XG Boost, and DT. In these five methods, we are going to investigate, review, and discuss the current algorithms and overcome them to select one of the most precise and accurate algorithms to predict the accurate estimation of lithium-ion battery SOC.

The increasing installment of solar and wind renewable energy systems create a volatile energy demand to be met by electricity providers. A nuclear hybrid energy system is a nuclear reactor with energy storage that integrates into the grid with renewable energy sources. The Natrium design by TerraPower and GE Hitachi is a sodium fast reactor with molten salt energy storage. The Natrium design operates at steady state of 345 MW_e and can boost up to 500 MW_e for 5.5 hours. This study uses Dymola and the Modelica language to model the Natrium-based nuclear-renewable hybrid energy system. The dynamic system model is tested using hourly historical data from the state of Texas 2021 to show how renewables affect the electricity demand and how energy storage affects the Natrium system response to the demand. According to the results, while the available storage will allow the Natrium design to boost electricity production when the demand and electricity price is high making it more economically viable, the current molten salt storage is slightly undersized for the ERCOT market.

In the present work, a novel composite of nickel sulfide (NiS) and potato peel-derived carbon spheres (NiS/PPCS) with higher specific capacitance and cyclic performance was synthesized as electrode material for supercapacitor applications. The composite was deposited on a graphite rod to be use as an electrode. The electrochemical performance studies using CV, GCD, and EIS revealed that the prepared electrode showed an improved current response and higher specific capacitance than the pristine NiS electrode. The maximum specific capacitance for the NiS/PPCS electrode was found to be 2185 F/g at 0.2 A/g current density. More precisely, it was observed that the NiS/PPCS composite exhibited an excellent retention capacity of 95.04% after 20 000 continuous charge-discharge cycles, showing its exceptional cyclic performance. The impedance studies revealed that the reaction between the NiS/PPCS electrode and electrolyte was rapid and highly reversible. Based on the findings of the electrochemical performances, NiS/PPCS electrode appears to be a potential candidate for highly efficient and economical asymmetric supercapacitors.

This article proposes a novel battery management system (BMS) to ensure uninterruptible power delivery to a 48 V DC bus used for electric vehicle charging stations, data centers, telecommunication systems, and critical care units such as hospitals. The proposed BMS facilitates constant current and constant voltage charging to maintain optimal battery performance during normal operation. This BMS is designed for effective control, monitoring and protection of two lead-acid battery units to form battery energy storage system (BESS). Furthermore, it is capable of isolating batteries in abnormal conditions and operates them independently to provide reliable supply at output terminals with full capacity. The system utilizes a 30 V DC source derived from AC mains or solar photovoltaic system. This supply is used to charge the BESS and also supply to the load. In the event of failure of 30 V supply, it seamlessly transits to BESS mode to supply power to boost converter to maintain constant 48 V DC output at load terminal. The proposed system architecture not only enhances power reliability but also improves overall system efficiency, making it well-suited for critical applications require continuous and stable power supply. Simulation studies using Matlab/Simulink and analytical results using TINA (Tool kit for Interactive Network Analysis) are presented to show that 48 V DC supply is maintained at output terminals during failure of input 30 V DC source or failure of one battery unit.

Partial storage strategy can save energy and reduce emissions. In this study, analysis of the partial melting process of ice inserted with nanoparticles inside a square enclosure is investigated for thermal energy storage. The lattice Boltzmann method is for melting and heat transfer in the storage unit. The validation demonstrates strong concurrence between the current findings and the experimental data documented in the literature. The analysis is performed for various Rayleigh numbers, nanoparticle volume fractions, and their effect on melting time and energy storage. Two types of nanoparticles are tested that is, copper and alumina. The outcomes indicate that the Rayleigh number and volume fraction of nanoparticles have a significant impact on the phase change process. The nanoparticles addition leads to homogenous and hence expedited melting process including the final stage of the ice melting process which is very slow without nanoparticles. Furthermore, copper nanoparticles are slightly more effective than alumina. Moreover, using 6% copper nanoparticles can reduce the melting time by up to 12.4%.

Using density functional theory, we have investigated the usage of twin graphene as an anode material for potassium-ion batteries (KIBs). Twin graphene demonstrates excellent structural and cycling stability, with minimal changes in lattice parameters and negative cohesive energy during K charge/discharge cycles. Notably, the host material (twin graphene) offers multiple stable adsorption sites for potassium ions. We even observed that the pristine twin graphene, which is a semiconductor, consequently becomes metallic upon potassium adsorption. Twin graphene provides a high theoretical capacity of 495.84 mAh/g, along with low diffusion barrier of 0.290 V for K diffusion. Furthermore, the high electrical conductivity and low open-circuit voltage of the chosen host will definitely enhance its performance as a KIB material. The structural integrity of twin graphene is also retained with the adsorption of potassium ion, as checked through ab initio molecular dynamics simulation. These findings suggest that twin graphene may be considered as a promising anode material for KIBs.

When it comes to solar thermal power systems, a latent heat energy storage unit is one possible solution to the imbalance in supply and demand. On a shell-tube type heat storage system, computational and experimental research was done to determine how to charge a heat storage system using honeybee wax-biodegradable phase change material. This paper examines the impact of single, double, and triple inner heat transfer fluid tubes on the melting properties of bee wax in relation to vertical and horizontal eccentricity. Through the experimental examination of a lab-scale prototype, the computational model was verified. A computational model was used to investigate the impact of eccentricity on different configurations for the melting process. Utilizing multiple tubes significantly shortened the charging time, according to the system analysis. In a vertically downward direction, melting time reduced as eccentricity increased. Compared to the single tube concentric case, the maximum melting time reduction for the single-, double-, and triple-tube cases was 63.7%, 67.0%, and 68.34%, respectively.

Biomass-derived carbon material has drawn significant attention recently due to its wide availability, environmentally free, and effective performance of the resulting porous carbons for supercapacitor (SC) applications. Carbon electrode material derived from biomass is used for energy storage (ES) because it has distinct qualities in porosity, a large specific surface area, and excellent conductivity. Furthermore, these materials' homogeneous, flawless biological structures can be used as models to create electrode materials with accurate geometries. The ES devices, known as SCs, also known as ultra-capacitors, serve as a link between a capacitor and a battery. Due to their charge storage, SCs can produce a much higher density than batteries. Several factors, including the electrode's potential window, the electrode materials characteristics, and the electrolyte choice, have a major effect on SC performance. Therefore, all efforts have been made to develop SC electrode materials. This paper explains the different types of SCs and how they work. The various available biomass resources, as well as the methods for producing them, are outlined. In addition, the different types of electrode materials, activation methods, heteroatom functionalization, and electrolyte types are all thoroughly examined. The application and research advancement of biomass-derived carbon used in SCs over the past 3 years are highlighted. Furthermore, this research outlines the benefits of SCs for the environment and the economy, as well as present challenges and future recommendations for advancing biomass-derived carbon applications. This article aims to give an in-depth knowledge of carbon-based biomass materials that are used in SCs.

The experiments with a LiFePO₄ battery pack operating at room temperature and with various charge and discharge rates to analyze its durability are described in this study. At a temperature of 23°C with natural convection, the thermal performance of a cylindrical (LFP) battery is experimentally studied. In this study, the battery is fully charged. After reaching 14.6 V, the battery is charged at a current of 4.8 A for 10 min to allow for stabilization. The battery is then depleted at 4.8 A until its voltage hits 10.5 V, followed by an additional 10-min resting time. The processes reached their highest and lowest temperatures, respectively, were 29°C and 22°C. The battery is charged for a total of 46.877 Ampere-hours (Ah) during the course of the 10-h operation at a constant current of 4.8 A. Similar to this, a 10-h discharge operation is carried out with a constant current of 4.8 A, yielding a discharge of 47.207 Ah. The processes reached their highest and lowest temperatures, respectively, were 36°C and 24°C. Another possibility is to charge the battery at a steady 24 A until the voltage reaches 14.6 V, then let it rest for 10 min, a further 10-min rest period is added after it is discharged at 24 A until its voltage hits 10.5 V. After 5 h of charging at 24 A, the capacity is 46.958 Ah, and after 5 h and 47.51 min of discharging at 24 A, the capacity is 47 Ah. The processes reached their highest and lowest temperatures, respectively, were 49°C and 33°C.