Energy Storage最新文献

Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) exhibit enormous application potential in energy storage applications due to their abundant sodium resources, low cost, and superior low-temperature rate performance. However, public reports on the study of thermal runaway (TR) coupled with gas generation characteristics in SIB remain relatively limited. This study conducts a comparative investigation into the TR and gas generation characteristics of SIB, lithium iron phosphate (LFP)/graphite batteries, and nickel-cobalt-manganese/graphite batteries (NCM). The study quantifies the gas volume and composition generated during TR of the three battery types and employs the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to compare the disaster risks of TR in SIB, LFP, and NCM. The results show that at the same state of charge (SOC), SIB and NCM exhibit lower TR onset temperatures but significantly higher instantaneous pressures than LFP. Their gas production is approximately 2.84 and 2.72 that of LFP, respectively, posing greater challenges for gas-induced disaster prevention at the system level. The gas compositions during TR are similar across the three systems, with LFP showing higher H₂ content and lower CO/CO₂ content. SIB and NCM have higher lower explosive limits (LEL), lower upper explosive limits (UEL), and narrower explosive ranges, indicating lower explosion risks. Comprehensive evaluation suggests that SIB and NCM present lower overall hazard levels than LFP under the same SOC, though risks in certain characteristic parameters cannot be ignored. These findings are expected to provide references for the safety design of large-capacity multisystem batteries, thereby enhancing their safety in commercial applications.

High performance Sr_1−xGd_xTiO₃ (x = 0–0.030) GST ceramic capacitors were prepared by ball milling and sintering. Phase structure and microstructure were explored, the dielectric characteristics dependence was studied in relation to frequency and temperature, high voltage breakdown testing, and PE testing were also carried out. By Gd doping at different compositions, lattice contraction/expansion occurred depending on the substitution sites of Gd³⁺ ions. By Gd doping, the single cubic perovskite structure was retained, and the grain structure was refined by doping with Gd³⁺ ions. A good set of dielectric properties was achieved for 2.0 GST, which included a very high dielectric constant of 4800, high capacitance of 1500 pF, low dielectric loss of 0.05 with good break-down strength of 5.12 kV/mm, and highest volumetric energy density of 558 kJ/m³.

Increasing demand for fast charging in electric vehicles requires battery cooling. This research article explored the outcome of air cooling and phase change material (PCM) on battery thermal management at several charging rates. Initially, the numerical investigation was carried out on two different models of the air and PCM (paraffin wax, n-eicosane, and copper foam) cooling. Outcomes of the air-cooling show that air cooling is not feasible for higher charging rates, especially more than 2 C. Consequently, response surface methodology was used to determine the consequence of air inlet velocity, air inlet temperature, and charging rates on the temperature of the battery pack. The optimum conditions for air cooling are heat generation 42 102 W/m³, air inlet velocity 0.5 m/s, and inlet air temperature 20°C, for which the responses are, namely, maximum cell temperature 332.62 K, cooling efficiency 9.73%, pressure drop 6.53 Pa, and outlet air temperature 313.92 K. The copper foam gives a lower temperature and also maintains uniformity in the maximum cell temperature as associated to other PCM. The PCM materials fail to cool all the cells uniformly due to the lesser thermal conductivity of the PCM materials. The current simulation study validated with the experimental study of previous researchers, which shows that the copper foam gives better performance than the composite PCM. At 50 min of charging, the copper foam and CPCM enhance the maximum cell temperature up to 66°C and 71°C. The copper foam performed best at the 3 C charging with 50 min, at which the maximum cell temperature was 339 K.

The development of an efficient and eco-friendly spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) recycling strategy is vital for economic and environmental sustainability. This study reports a green, efficient and economic method to convert the cathode portion of spent LIB (LiCoO₂) into a high-performance nonprecious Co-oxalate (CoC₂O₄·2H₂O) electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, LiCoO₂ collected from the spent LIB cathode was leached in oxalic acid and gallic acid (200:20 mM) mixture at 80°C using a solid-to-liquid ratio of 2 g/L for 1 h. Soon after the dissolution of Co and Li, in situ precipitation of CoC₂O₄ 2H₂O was observed in the reaction mixture and soluble Li was precipitated as Li₂CO₃ and LiHC₂O₄ H₂O when stoichiometric excess of Na₂CO₃ and oxalic acid were added, respectively. The recovered CoC₂O₄·2H₂O deposited on stainless steel plate was utilized as an anode for electrochemical OER. It showed an overpotential of 320 mV at 10 mA cm⁻², a low Tafel slope (49 mV dec⁻¹) and stable performance over 12 h. Furthermore, the battery grade LiCoO₂ was re-synthesized using the stoichiometric amounts of LiHC₂O₄ H₂O and CoC₂O₄ 2H₂O. The re-synthesized LiCoO₂ showed almost 100% coulombic efficiency with a minimal capacity loss. Thus, we have demonstrated an effective recovery and reuse of cathode material for energy devices.

Photo-assisted supercapacitors represent a promising strategy for efficient solar energy utilization by enabling simultaneous energy harvesting and storage. In this study, LaNiO₃ and NdNiO₃ perovskite materials were investigated as photoactive electrode candidates due to their favorable photoelectronic properties and the unique role of rare earth elements. Comprehensive material characterizations were performed using FESEM, STEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR, Raman, BET, and UV–Vis analyses. Electrochemical performance was evaluated under UV illumination (20 W, 365 nm) and dark conditions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements at 100 mV/s revealed a 9% increase in areal capacitance for LaNiO₃ and a more substantial 14% enhancement for NdNiO₃ under UV light. This performance improvement is attributed to enhanced electron–hole pair generation, particularly in NdNiO₃, whose band gap lies closer to the UV region. These results underscore the potential of rare earth-based perovskites in advancing photo-assisted supercapacitor technology. The findings contribute to the development of next-generation energy storage systems capable of directly integrating solar energy.

This research focuses on enhancing chitosan's role as a binder in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries through its modification with carboxylic acids. The structural analyses using FTIR and XRD reveal that incorporating specific poly-substituted acids alters chitosan's molecular alignment and polymorph formation, inducing a mixture of Type I and Type II polymorphs. Mechanical testing shows that the Ch + Lactic binder provides improved toughness and ductility, properties essential for accommodating volume changes during Li-S battery cycling. The electrochemical characterization demonstrates that chitosan-aliphatic binders, particularly the Ch + Lactic binder, lead to higher specific capacities (e.g., 930 mAh·g⁻¹ at C/10), improved rate capability, and notable long-term cycling stability (0.057% capacity fade per cycle) compared to pristine chitosan. This enhanced performance is linked to more effective polysulfide management and structural integrity. Post-mortem SEM analysis confirms the mechanical stability of the optimized cathodes, which remain crack-free even after extensive cycling. This work illustrates that careful selection of carboxylic acids can effectively tailor chitosan's properties, contributing to the development of better performance of Li-S battery technologies.

We employed machine learning classification algorithms to predict the crystal systems, specifically triclinic, monoclinic, and orthorhombic, associated with Li–P–TM–O; (TM = Mn, Fe Co, Ni, V) based-phosphate cathodes. Feature evaluation revealed that cathode properties depend on the crystal structure, and optimized classification strategies yield better predictability. Gradient Boosting Machines, Extremely Randomized Trees, and Random Forest-based ensemble machine learning algorithms have demonstrated the best predictive capabilities for crystal systems in the Monte Carlo cross-validation test. Additionally, sequential forward selection (SFS) is performed to find the utmost critical features influencing the accuracy of prediction for different machine learning models, with Volume, Band gap, and Sites as input features. The ensemble machine learning algorithms with 80.69% for Random Forest, 78.96% for Extremely Randomized Tree, and 80.40% for Gradient Boosting Machine approaches lead to the maximum accuracy toward crystallographic classification with stability, and the predicted materials can be the possible cathodes for lithium ion batteries. More importantly, the present approach can be extended to other groups of materials.

Advancements in electrode materials with a high potential window and elevated energy density are essential to meet the growing demands of high-performance supercapacitors. Ferrites are a promising family of electrode materials. Among them, calcium ferrite (CaFe₂O₄) has excellent structural stability. However, the low specific capacitance and high agglomeration rate of CaFe₂O₄ limit its applications. The addition of carbonaceous material to the ferrite host matrix is expected to modify the supercapacitor electrode characteristics. CaFe₂O₄ has not been explored yet as a composite of CNTs. In this work, robust (CaFe₂O₄)_1-x(CNTs)_x nanocomposites are synthesized through a simple sol–gel method via an ex-situ approach with extraordinary electrochemical properties. The prepared nanocomposites have unambiguously shown a polycrystalline nature, defective vibrational bonding, and a tuned band gap towards the low-frequency region due to the formation of heterojunctions, confirmed through XRD, FTIR, XPS, UV, and PL. The electrochemical studies reveal that the (CaFe₂O₄)_0.8(CNTs)_0.2 nanocomposites have the highest specific capacitance of 530.54 Fg⁻¹ at 0.5 Ag⁻¹ with the lowest ohmic and solution resistance, along with remarkable cyclic stability and columbic efficiency, making them an efficient electrode material.