Energy Storage最新文献

Polypyrrole composited NiS₂ composite was easily synthesized using a hydrothermal and chemical polymerization technique. Two distinct composites (NS@P1 and NS@P3) were created by varying the polymer precursors stoichiometric ratio. The NS@P3 electrode exhibits a high surface area of 68 m² g¹ compared to other NS (46.4 m² g⁻¹) and NS@P1 (59.3 m² g⁻¹). The polypyrrole composited electrode exhibits excellent performance in electrochemical behavior. The NS@P3 electrode gives a huge specific capacitance of 1356 Fg⁻¹ at 0.5 Ag⁻¹ compared to other electrode of NS (452 g⁻¹) and NS@P1 (874 g⁻¹). The NS@P3 electrode's capacitive and diffusive mechanism were analyzed by using the Trasatti method. The assembled ASC-NS@P3//AC exhibits a high energy density of 68 Wh/kg and a power density of 646 W/kg. The prospective utilization of the NS@P3 composite as energy storage electrode materials for supercapacitor applications is confirmed by the enormous specific capacitance, energy and power delivered by the built ASC device.

In this work, zinc oxide (ZnO) and zinc oxide/zinc fluoride (ZnO/ZnF₂) nano composites were prepared by the hydrothermal method for asymmetric supercapacitor applications. ZnO/ZnF₂ composites represent a new class of electrode materials for supercapacitors with synergistic electrochemical properties. Incorporating fluorine into ZnO introduces additional charge carriers and decreases defect-related recombination losses, enhancing its electrical conductivity. ZnF₂ in the composite contributes to structural stability and offers more redox-active sites, allowing an enhancement in charge storage ability. The XRD confirms the formation of ZnO, ZnO/ZnF₂, and ACGS and is supported by the micro-Raman analysis. The oxidation states of zinc, oxygen, and fluorine in ZnO/ZnF₂ composites are confirmed by the XPS analysis. The ZnO nanoparticles had a coral-like structure, while the ZnO/ZnF₂ had a needle-like morphology. The surface areas of the by BET analysis are found to be 65.021,14.77, and 433.37 m²/g, respectively, for ZnO, ZnO/ZnF₂, and activated carbon from groundnut shell (ACGS). From the three-electrode analysis, the specific capacitances of ZnO, ZnO/ZnF₂, and ACGS were found to be 138.70 F/g @ 2.5 A/g, 667.06 F/g @ 2.5 A/g, and 15.672 F/g @ 3 A/g, respectively. The two-electrode system, ZnO-ZnF₂//ACGS device, has a specific capacitance of 184.3 F/g with capacitance retention of 92.84% over 4000 cycles @ 3 A/g current density.

Alkane-based heneicosane is potentially employed as phase change material (PCM) for thermal energy storage. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation has been carried out to investigate the thermal performance of heneicosane by adding single-layer graphene at various weights. Mean square displacement of atoms (MSD), self-diffusion coefficient, and radial distribution function (RDF) were also examined to investigate the thermal properties of PCM and graphene composite. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity was calculated by nonequilibrium molecular dynamic (NEMD) method at different temperatures. Due to the introduction of graphene, results showed the thermal performance of composite PCM could be improved by about 63% to 88% than the pure heneicosane. Another interesting finding indicated the increase of energy storage capacity by about 3.3%. Despite the fact that this research has revealed graphene's potential to enhance the thermal performance of PCM, more empirical studies are highly advisable to support the simulation findings.

The continuous growth in global population is driving a substantial increase in electricity demand, resulting in higher fuel consumption and worsening environmental degradation. As a sustainable alternative, electric vehicles (EVs) have gained prominence due to their potential to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions and their lower operating and maintenance costs compared to internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the widespread integration of EVs introduces new challenges for microgrid (MG) operations, particularly in terms of operational optimization and grid stability. This paper investigates the impact of EV charging behavior and regulation on the optimal operation of MGs, focusing on minimizing both operational and environmental protection costs. The analysis considers dynamic conditions, including high penetration levels of EVs charging simultaneously, which may compromise MG performance. A MATLAB-based optimization framework was developed to evaluate the economic distribution of power within the MG, incorporating two critical factors: the scheduling of EV charging and the implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technology. The results underscore the importance of coordinated charging strategies in improving the cost-effectiveness and reliability of MG operations under increasing EV integration. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of EV charging/discharging schedules with V2G impact in a unified optimization model, providing actionable insights for MG operators and highlighting the dual role of EVs as both loads and distributed energy resources.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have dominated the rechargeable battery market for over two decades, serving as a hub of extensive research and development that has resulted in numerous breakthroughs and innovations. The global demand for LIBs has increased due to their extensive use in portable electronic devices (such as phones, laptops, and watches), hybrid and electric vehicles, and power grid storage systems, with a CAGR of 17% and a global value of around 93.1 billion USD, expected to increase over the course of the years. This growing demand has driven researchers to explore various arrangements and configurations of energy storage materials to enhance the efficiency, capacity, size, and stacking capabilities of LIBs, leading to commercially available LIBs with specific energies ranging from 150 to 300 Wh/kg, and up to 700 Wh/kg for experimental prototypes. However, as the world focuses on sustainability, it is critical to examine the sustainability of LIBs and their disposal. This review aims to compile and analyze the technological advancements and innovations to improve the overall performance and operational conditions of LIBs, while pursuing to assess the environmental and social impacts of LIB minerals' mining, production, and disposal, by exploring necessary interventions from the modern slavery statement at the upstream level, to the e-waste management or recycling processes (hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, etc.) downstream. This review also serves as a comprehensive overview of the current state of LIBs, recent developments, especially in the domain of biopolymer-derived electrolytes and self-healing mechanisms (intrinsic and extrinsic), and the LIBs management system (BMS), which is helpful to produce cleaner and safer energy storage systems, allowing LIB technology to achieve sustainability targets.

Addressing the issue of excessive computational cost in Kalman filter algorithms for state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation in battery energy storage systems based on equivalent circuit models, this paper introduces a novel approach. The proposed method integrates a reference difference model with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN) to achieve rapid and cost-effective SOC and SOH estimation for energy storage batteries. By employing a dual adaptive extended Kalman filter (DAEKF) algorithm and constructing a reference difference model, the computational burden of the Kalman filter algorithm decreases. Simultaneously, this methodology estimates battery voltage and SOC, while also determining battery parameters and capacity, thereby enabling joint estimation of SOC and SOH. Furthermore, the approach incorporates KAN to establish a voltage difference compensation mechanism, effectively correcting voltage errors caused by the difference model's neglect of polarization voltage differences and enhancing the accuracy of SOH estimation. The efficacy of this method is validated through testing on three datasets(University of Aachen, NASA random walk, and University of Wisconsin-Madison). The results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly reduces computational burden compared to the first-order RC circuit model and achieves superior SOH estimation performance after KAN compensation, thus providing a feasible technical approach for real-time state monitoring of large-scale energy storage power stations.

Non-Pluronic rubber-based block copolymers (BCPs), such as polystyrene-b-polybutadiene-b-polystyrene (SBS), offer several advantages for mesoporous carbon (MC) fabrication, including larger micelle sizes, higher carbon content, improved thermal stability, and a higher glass transition temperature compared to traditional Pluronic BCPs. However, the lack of hydrophilic groups in SBS hinders its direct use in MC synthesis due to poor affinity with carbon precursors. In this study, we demonstrate that ozone treatment of SBS introduces polar carboxylate groups, enhancing the interaction between the BCP template and carbon precursors during MC fabrication via solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals that MC materials derived from the ozone-treated template (CSBS-O₃ and ACSBS-O₃) exhibit smaller particle sizes compared to those from the untreated template (CSBS and ACSBS). Subsequent KOH activation of CSBS-O₃ yields ACSBS-O₃, which features a high surface area of 859 m² g⁻¹ and a pore volume of 0.268 cm³ g⁻¹. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that ACSBS-O₃ exhibits a steeper slope (2.52) in the Nyquist plot at intermediate frequencies than ACSBS (1.02), indicating more efficient charge storage via electric double-layer formation. The Bode plot displays a higher phase angle at low frequencies for ACSBS-O₃, reflecting improved capacitive behavior. Cyclic voltammetry results show that ACSBS-O₃ achieves a specific capacitance of 300 ± 7.1 F g⁻¹ at 5 mV s⁻¹, which is attributed to its enhanced surface area and optimized pore structure. Overall, this study demonstrates that ozone treatment of a non-Pluronic SBS BCP template, combined with chemical activation, is an effective strategy for fabricating high-performance MC materials with promising applications in energy storage devices.

A major challenge in electric public transport is the loss of kinetic energy during dynamic braking, which reduces overall energy efficiency and increases operational costs. This study addresses the challenge of dynamic braking energy losses by employing a Supercapacitor Energy Storage System (SESS) capable of recovering and reusing braking energy. Supercapacitors (SCs) are employed to significantly enhance the power performance of Electric Vehicles (EVs), including trolleybuses and tramways. This study investigates the modeling, optimization, and thermal analysis of SESS. A detailed dynamic model of the trolleybus traction system is developed using the PSIM (Power Simulation) environment. The model emphasizes key components such as Induction Motors (IMs), power converters, controllers, and supercapacitors to accurately represent both electrical and thermal behavior. Various control strategies ranging from scalar constant Voltage-to-Frequency (V/f) to variable frequency approaches are explored to optimize the capture and utilization of braking energy. The sizing of the SESS is optimized by considering the vehicle's kinetic energy and the operational parameters of the supercapacitors. The supercapacitor's nonlinear electrical behavior and temperature sensitivity are characterized experimentally, providing critical data to establish the electrothermal model. The evaluation of the system, including its power electronics, demonstrates that it operates within safe thermal limits without the need for auxiliary cooling mechanisms. The integration of supercapacitors not only improves energy efficiency and extends vehicle range but also ensures the thermal stability of the storage system, as confirmed by simulation results. This study highlights the importance of accurate electrothermal modeling for reliable system operation and provides essential design insights for electric vehicle braking systems. Ultimately, the work contributes to enhancing energy recovery and management in trolleybuses, supporting the development of more sustainable public transportation systems.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), one of the most widely produced synthetic polymers, has recently captured attention as a versatile precursor of carbon for energy storage applications. The transformation of PVC waste into functional carbon materials not only mitigates environmental concerns associated with plastic pollution but also provides a sustainable route for the development of advanced electrode materials. In this context, dechlorination strategies, temperature, and the use of activating agents are critical to controlling the carbonization process to obtain high-quality carbon materials while minimizing the release of HCl and other by-products. These parameters critically influence the structure, porosity, and electrochemical performance of the resulting carbons. Therefore, this review summarizes the latest advancements in PVC-derived carbons, highlighting their application in supercapacitors and batteries (Li⁺-ion, Na⁺-ion, and K⁺-ion), and further discusses existing challenges and emerging opportunities for their integration into next-generation energy storage technologies.