Energy Storage最新文献

Two nanoprecursors with capping agents were incorporated in stearyl alcohol–adipic acid combination phase change material (PCM) in this study. The addition of nanomaterials made the eutectic reliable in the manner of its thermal properties like higher enthalpy, degradation point, and more compatible with the metal encapsulation materials when compared with the pristane eutectic. The importance of nano-metal oxides in parent material was shown by the reduced time frame of the PCM's thermal energy storing and releasing process for space heating applications. The specific heat capacity of both the aluminum and titanium oxide nanocomposites were greater than the eutectic, which indicates that the material can retain more energy. The thermal conductivities of base material and nanocomposite PCMs were 0.2686, 0.2815, and 0.4395 W/mK at 40°C, and the highest percentage increment of nanocomposites was seen as 9.19% and 63.62% at varied encircled temperatures. The crystal structure and chemical disintegration were evinced with the X-ray diffractometer results of the composites.

To enhance the electrochemical performance of the Zn solid-state battery, we introduce simonkolleite as a novel anode material. With oxygen vacancies on its surface, simonkolleite exhibits both electrical and chemical activity; these vacancies serve as n-type donors, significantly improving the material's conductivity. In this research, simonkolleite is synthesized using a straightforward and cost-effective method and employed as the anode. The all-solid-state Zn battery combines the simonkolleite anode, sodium silicate (SS) electrolyte, and graphite film (GF) cathode. Our battery configuration (simonkolleite/Ingot SS/GF) achieves a high 1280 mAh g⁻¹ capacity and demonstrates improved cyclic stability. The large-scale module battery can also power a motor-fan unit for 1 h and 19 min.

In India, energy security and electrification of rural area remains significant challenges. In addressing energy changes, solar photovoltaic (SPV) systems will play a major role, particularly in remote and rural areas. This research presents the design and performance assessment of a hybrid SPV plant integrated with battery energy storage system (BESS) at a government school within an Indian village. This hybrid SPV system is designed to utilize grid electricity when available, switch to solar power during the day when it is available, and use stored battery power at night time. The designed SPV system is of 1785 Wp, capacity coupled with a 560 Ah battery pack. The performance metrics, energy production, and storage efficiency, are analyzed using simulation data from PVsyst software. The results shows that system produces an annual energy of 2149.28 kWh/year and shows a performance ratio (PR) of 72.75% and a solar fraction (SF) of 98.31%. This proposed hybrid SPV system ensures continuous power supply, reduces dependency on the grid, and significantly lowers CO₂ emissions.

The ongoing transition in the energy sector demands more efficient and reliable energy storage solutions. Our study addresses this need by optimizing the industrial process of liquefied natural gas (LNG) storage, focusing on enhancing thermal performance and energy efficiency. Leveraging a standard LNG storage design, we meticulously evaluated critical supporting variables, modeled key components, and conducted integrated cycle simulations. The primary goal was to minimize the volume of stored gas (achieving a reduction to approximately 1/600th of its gaseous state) while maintaining optimal storage conditions. Our methodology prioritizes insulation over pressure-bearing factors in large-scale tanks, aligning with the unique thermal challenges of LNG storage. Simulations were based on methane, which constitutes over 86% of the natural gas in the Middle East, ensuring relevance to the region's resources. The results are promising, with a compression stage reaching a maximum pressure of 2.377, an energy efficiency ratio of 60.71%, and a performance coefficient of 3.188. These findings offer a significant step forward in developing more effective and efficient LNG storage systems, contributing to the broader goal of sustainable energy management.

Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries are considered a promising alternative to lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries due to the abundant availability of sodium, which helps mitigate supply chain risks associated with Li-ion batteries. Many studies have focused on the design of Li-ion batteries, exploring their energy, power, and cost aspects. However, there is still a lack of similar research conducted on Na-ion batteries. A comparison of the cell voltage characteristics and rate capability of sodium and lithium-ion batteries using different types of electrodes and electrolytes. For sodium-ion batteries electrolytes used are NaPF₆ and NaClO₄ and electrodes used are NaCoO₂, NaNiO₂, NaFePO₄, (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃), graphite, hard carbon, sodium metal, and sodium titanate. For lithium-ion batteries with LiPF₆ and KOH electrolytes and electrodes as LiCoO₂, NMC, LVP, Li₂MnSiO₄, graphite, silicon, lithium titanate (LTO), lithium metal. A thorough analysis of six important performance metrics is part of the investigation: Ragone plots, Electrolyte salt concentration versus spatial coordinate, electrolyte potential versus spatial coordinate, Cell voltage versus battery cell state of charge, Cell voltage versus time, and state variable versus time. Comparing operating voltage and rated capacity NMC and graphite is selected for lithium-ion batteries as this combination provides operating voltage up to 4.2 V and a rated capacity of 275 Wh/kg, for sodium-ion for NaCoO₂ and hard carbon which has an operating voltage of 2.5–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg and another combination of electrode as NaFePO₄ and sodium metal with NaClO₄ electrolyte has a maximum operating voltage of 2.8–3.8 V and rated capacity around 200 Wh/kg. This paper shows significant influence of electrolyte selection on battery performance. The Ragone plots demonstrate that LiPF₆ electrolytes in lithium-ion batteries and NaPF₆ electrolytes in sodium-ion batteries both exhibit superior specific energy densities compared to their KOH and NaClO₄ counterparts, respectively. The work presented in this paper encourages researchers to select alternate electrolytes and electrodes for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries in order to obtain optimal device performance.

The present study numerically investigates the energy and exergy analysis of solidification of phase change materials within a double tube and triple tube latent heat storage unit using ANSYS Fluent. Double tube and triple tube thermal energy storage system's thermal characteristics are examined using MXene nano-enhanced phase change material to determine system efficiency, discharged energy, heat transfer rate, exergy destruction, entropy generation number, exergetic efficiency, liquid fraction, solidification temperature contours. The result revealed that the double tube thermal energy storage with pure cetyl alcohol PCM has 14.76% lower discharge exergy than MXene-based nano-enhanced phase change material in pure solidification. In a triple tube thermal energy storage system, the solidification time for MXene-based nano-enhanced phase change material is impressively reduced by 54.76% compared to a double tube system using pure phase change material. At a Fourier number of 0.00672, MXene nano-enhanced phase change material exhibits an 11.69% higher Stefan number (St) than cetyl alcohol phase change material in a double tube thermal energy storage system. At 2400 s, pure phase change material and MXene nano-enhanced phase change material generated 3.14% and 4.88% less entropy than pure cetyl alcohol in the triple tube thermal energy storage system. During the pure solidification process in a double tube thermal energy storage system, pure cetyl alcohol experiences 7.60% higher exergy destruction compared to MXene nano-enhanced phase change material at a solidification time of 2400 s. In a triple tube thermal energy storage system, the discharging temperature for pure cetyl alcohol phase change material is 2.92% lower than that in a double tube system. Double tube thermal energy storage with pure cetyl alcohol discharged more efficiently over 2400 s. The triple tube thermal energy storage system solidified cetyl alcohol PCM 20.83% faster than pure phase change material due to MXene nanoparticles' better thermophysical properties. Thus, MXene-based nano-enhanced cetyl alcohol phase change material solidifies faster per volume in a triple tube thermal energy storage latent heat system.

Molten salts (MSs) thermal energy storage (TES) enables dispatchable solar energy in concentrated solar power (CSP) solar tower plants. CSP plants with TES can store excess thermal energy during periods of high solar radiation and release it when sunlight is unavailable, such as during cloudy periods or at night. This capability allows these plants to provide reliable, dispatchable power, ensuring a continuous electricity supply to the grid. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of utilizing higher-temperature molten salt formulations to enhance power cycle efficiency. Drawing on existing literature, performance analysis of existing power plants, and novel simulation results, we project the expected technological improvements by the end of this decade. By using 15 h of TES and a higher temperature MS formulation, with heat transfer fluid hot temperatures of 700°C, and a power cycle 350 bar 700°C of efficiency 48%, the annual electricity production from a 115 MW power plant in Daggett, California is 688 GWh, the total installed cost is $684 m while the 25-year LCOE is 6.37 c/kWh.