Environmental toxicology and pharmacology最新文献_第8页

Assessment of genotype-specific sensitivity to three insecticides in honey bees (Apis mellifera) via acute oral exposure 急性口服暴露对三种杀虫剂基因型特异性敏感性的评估。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104843

Bhanu Janam , Abdulrahim T. Alkassab , Jens Pistorius , Sergio Angeli

Honey bees are essential pollinators in agricultural and wild ecosystems, yet their frequent exposure to pesticides poses significant risks. This study examined genotype-specific differences in oral acute toxicity by testing three insecticides: flupyradifurone (Sivanto® Prime), lambda-cyhalothrin (Karate Zeon®), and cyantraniliprole (Minecto™ One), across five European honey bee genotypes: Apis mellifera, A. m. carnica, A. m. ligustica, Buckfast, and a local population from JKI, Braunschweig. Insecticide sensitivity was assessed by calculating LD₅₀ values and performing Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards modeling. Significant genotype-dependent differences were evident, with LD₅₀ values varying up to 3.2-fold across observation times depending on insecticide and genotype. A. m. mellifera showed significantly higher tolerance to lambda-cyhalothrin and to cyantraniliprole, and moderate tolerance to flupyradifurone. These findings highlight that toxicity profiles vary by genotype and insecticide mode of action, underscoring the importance of reporting genotype in ecotoxicological studies to better understand pesticide impacts.

蜜蜂是农业和野生生态系统中必不可少的传粉者，但它们频繁接触农药会带来重大风险。本研究通过测试三种杀虫剂：氟吡喃酮（Sivanto®Prime）、高效氯氟氰菊酯（Karate Zeon®）和氰氨酰丙烯（Minecto™One），检测了五种欧洲蜜蜂基因型：蜜蜂蜜蜂（Apis mellifera mellifera）、a . m. carnica、a . m. ligustica、巴克法斯特（Buckfast）和来自布伦瑞克JKI的当地种群的口服急性毒性的基因型特异性差异。通过计算LD50值、Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox比例风险模型评估杀虫剂敏感性。显著的基因型依赖性差异是显而易见的，LD50值在不同的观察时间内变化高达3.2倍，这取决于杀虫剂和基因型。蜜蜂对高效氯氰菊酯和氰虫腈的耐受性显著提高，对氟吡喃酮的耐受性中等。这些发现强调了毒性谱因基因型和杀虫剂作用方式而异，强调了在生态毒理学研究中报告基因型以更好地了解农药影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Reproduction, growth, and survival responses of Eisenia fetida and Folsomia candida to individual and combined pesticide exposures 恶臭Eisenia fetida和假丝酵母菌（Folsomia candida）对单独和联合农药暴露的繁殖、生长和生存反应。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104844

Iwona Gruss , Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka , Paulina Bączek , Jacek Twardowski , Szymon Jędrzejewski , Kamila Twardowska , Joanna Magiera-Dulewicz

This study evaluated six widely used pesticides—two insecticides (acetamiprid, pirimicarb), two herbicides (glyphosate, fluroxypyr), and two fungicides (azoxystrobin, tebuconazole)—on the earthworm Eisenia fetida and the springtail Folsomia candida at field-realistic concentrations. Toxicity was assessed through reproduction, growth, and survival. Pirimicarb strongly impaired springtail growth and reproduction, while fluroxypyr and azoxystrobin reduced springtail reproduction. In earthworms, pirimicarb alone slightly decreased reproduction. Mixtures of acetamiprid, fluroxypyr, and azoxystrobin intensified toxicity in both species, while acetamiprid + tebuconazole also affected springtail growth and earthworm reproduction. In contrast, mixtures containing glyphosate mitigated toxic effects, increasing earthworm reproduction and springtail growth. Mortality in springtails was high for several treatments. These results demonstrate that pesticides pose significant risks to soil fauna and that interactions in mixtures can be synergistic or antagonistic, highlighting the need for mixture-specific risk assessments under environmentally realistic conditions.

本研究评估了六种广泛使用的农药——两种杀虫剂（啶虫脒、吡虫威）、两种除草剂（草甘膦、氟虫腈）和两种杀菌剂（嘧菌酯、戊唑唑）——在田间实际浓度下对蚯蚓和春尾假丝虫的杀灭效果。通过繁殖、生长和存活来评估毒性。吡虫威严重损害了春尾虫的生长和繁殖，氟虫灵和嘧菌酯则降低了春尾虫的繁殖。在蚯蚓中，吡虫威单独使用会略微减少繁殖。啶虫脒、氟虫腈和唑虫酯混合使用对两种蚯蚓的毒性均有增强作用，而啶虫脒+苯唑唑对蚯蚓的生长和繁殖也有影响。相比之下，含有草甘膦的混合物减轻了毒性作用，增加了蚯蚓的繁殖和春尾的生长。几种处理的弹尾虫死亡率都很高。这些结果表明，农药对土壤动物构成重大风险，并且混合物中的相互作用可以是协同的或拮抗的，突出了在环境现实条件下对混合物进行特定风险评估的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of endocrine disruptive chemicals (EDCs) and therapeutic approaches to the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): A current state-of-the-art 内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）的影响和多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）的治疗方法：目前的最新进展。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104842

Adèle Lemogne Robert , Edite Oliveira Torres , Catarina Jota Baptista

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine condition affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and some metabolic disturbances. Emerging evidence has been suggesting a link between certain endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, and the pathogenesis and/or exacerbation of PCOS. These exogenous compounds interfere with hormonal function, potentially inducing epigenetic modifications and disrupting insulin sensitivity, primarily when exposure occurs during specific periods. This review explores the role of EDCs in the onset and progression of the condition, and it also outlines current therapeutic strategies, including hormonal contraceptives, insulin sensitizers, ovulation induction agents, and anti-androgenic treatments. Novel approaches targeting gut microbiota, cytokine modulation, and antioxidant therapies are discussed, alongside preventive measures to reduce EDC exposure. Thus, this review highlights the need for a personalized, multimodal management of PCOS, integrating pharmacological, lifestyle, and behavioural intervention. Nevertheless, for some of these therapies, it also emphasizes some lack of causality, as well as limited clinical trial data to support their efficacy.

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是一种影响育龄妇女的内分泌疾病，以雄激素过多、排卵功能障碍和一些代谢紊乱为特征。新出现的证据表明，某些内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs），如双酚a （BPA）和邻苯二甲酸酯，与多囊卵巢综合征的发病和/或恶化之间存在联系。这些外源性化合物干扰激素功能，潜在地诱发表观遗传修饰和破坏胰岛素敏感性，主要发生在特定时期。这篇综述探讨了EDCs在该疾病的发生和发展中的作用，并概述了目前的治疗策略，包括激素避孕药、胰岛素增敏剂、促排卵剂和抗雄激素治疗。讨论了针对肠道微生物群、细胞因子调节和抗氧化治疗的新方法，以及减少EDC暴露的预防措施。因此，本综述强调了对多囊卵巢综合征进行个性化、多模式管理的必要性，包括药物、生活方式和行为干预。然而，对于其中一些疗法，它也强调缺乏因果关系，以及有限的临床试验数据来支持其疗效。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship of fractalkine with arsenic exposure and the risk of cardiovascular diseases fractalkine与砷暴露及心血管疾病风险的关系。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104824

Nesar Uddin , Rajoana Karim Rimi , Osman Goni , Nayan Chandra Mohanto , Kamrun Nahar Rossi , Faysal Abedin , Sharmin Akter Beauty , Biplob Ahmed , Sobuj Mia , Sharon Jahan Sarder , Sajib Hossain , Mainul Islam , Abu Shadat M. Noman , Md Ashraful Hoque , Daigo Sumi , Koren K. Mann , Zahangir Alam Saud , Seiichiro Himeno , Khaled Hossain

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of arsenic-related morbidity and mortality, are a major public health concern in many countries, including Bangladesh. Understanding the mediators of increased CVD risk associated with arsenic exposure is decisive. Fractalkine (CX3CL1), a CX3C chemokine with both chemotactic and adhesive functions, acts by interacting with its specific receptor, CX3CR1. Fractalkine is implicated in atherosclerosis, leading to CVDs. However, the association between chronic arsenic exposure and serum fractalkine levels and its implication in CVDs have not yet been documented. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between arsenic exposure and serum fractalkine levels, especially regarding the risk of CVDs. The study included 413 participants from low- and high-arsenic exposure rural areas in Bangladesh. Fractalkine levels in serum were measured by immunoassay, and the risk of CVDs was assessed by measuring the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and hypertension. We found that participants from high-exposure areas had nearly twice the serum fractalkine levels compared to those in low-exposure area (p < 0.001). A one-unit increase of log₂-transformed water, hair, and nail arsenic showed significantly higher propensity score adjusted odd ratios (aORs) in the second and third tertiles of serum fractalkine in comparison to the first tertile. Serum fractalkine levels were inversely associated with HDL-C levels and positively linked to blood pressure and ORs of hypertension. Finally, the associations between arsenic exposure and hypertension were found to be mediated by serum fractalkine. These results suggest that arsenic-exposure-related increases in fractalkine levels may be implicated in the pathogenesis of CVDs.

心血管疾病是与砷有关的发病率和死亡率的主要原因，在包括孟加拉国在内的许多国家都是一个主要的公共卫生问题。了解与砷暴露相关的心血管疾病风险增加的介质是决定性的。Fractalkine （CX3CL1）是一种具有趋化和粘附功能的CX3C趋化因子，通过与其特异性受体CX3CR1相互作用而起作用。Fractalkine与动脉粥样硬化有关，导致心血管疾病。然而，慢性砷暴露与血清fractalkine水平之间的关系及其在心血管疾病中的意义尚未得到证实。本研究旨在探讨砷暴露与血清fractalkine水平之间的关系，特别是关于心血管疾病的风险。该研究包括来自孟加拉国低砷和高砷农村地区的413名参与者。采用免疫分析法测定血清Fractalkine水平，通过测定血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和高血压来评估心血管疾病的风险。我们发现，与低暴露地区的参与者相比，来自高暴露地区的参与者的血清fractalkine水平几乎是低暴露地区的两倍(p2转化的水、头发和指甲中的砷在血清fractalkine的第二和第三十分位数中显示出明显高于第一十分位数的倾向得分调整奇数比（aORs）。血清fractalkine水平与HDL-C水平呈负相关，与血压和高血压ORs呈正相关。最后，砷暴露与高血压之间的关系被发现是由血清fractalkine介导的。这些结果表明，与砷暴露相关的fractalkine水平升高可能与心血管疾病的发病机制有关。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Behavioral and toxic effects of the neonicotinoid pesticide thiacloprid in the planarian Girardia dorotocephala” [Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 119, (2025), 104816] 新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫啉对多头涡虫的行为和毒性影响的勘误表[环境]。Toxicol。杂志。[j].农业工程学报，2016,(5),104816。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104830

Sofía G. Martínez-Villalpando, Emily Snyder, Nevy Harris, Megan Fork, Gregory Turner, Oné R. Pagán

引用次数: 0

Dеvеlоpmеntаl nеurоtоxісіty study оf pesticide Асеtаmіprіd in Wistar Hannover rats 在威斯达汉诺威大鼠中进行了对农药Асеtаmіprіd的研究

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104833

Inna Rashkivska , Mykola Produnchuk , Nadiia Nedopytanska , Petro Zhminko , Mojmir Mach , Yana Kolianchuk

Available data on pesticide Acetamiprid (ACE) are insufficient to clarify the uncertainties identified neurotoxicity. The current DNT study of ACE was conducted according to the OECD TG 426 and GLP requirements to clarify uncertainties. ACE was administered orally by gavage Wistar Hannover rats at dose levels of 0, 2.5, 10 and 45 mg/kg/bw/day. Maternal toxicity was expressed at a dose level of 45 mg/kg/bw/day. Developmental toxicity was indicated at a dose level of 45 mg/kg/bw/day. Regarding ACE developmental neurotoxicity, administration at 10 and 45 mg/kg body weight/day affected the acoustic startle response and locomotor activity, with no observed structural brain changes. Based on the study findings, the No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level (NOAEL) for maternal toxicity was determined to be 10 mg/kg bw/day. The NOAEL was identified as 2.5 mg/kg bw/day for developmental neurotoxicity. A developmental neurotoxicity study of ACE demonstrated that neurotoxicity is a critical limiting factor for the compound's overall toxicity.

现有的农药醋氨虫（ACE）数据不足以阐明已确定的神经毒性的不确定性。目前对ACE的DNT研究是根据OECD TG 426和GLP要求进行的，以澄清不确定性。ACE以0、2.5、10和45 mg/kg/bw/d灌胃Wistar Hannover大鼠。母体毒性表现为45 mg/kg/bw/day剂量水平。在45 mg/kg/bw/day的剂量水平下显示发育毒性。在ACE发育神经毒性方面，10和45 mg/kg体重/天给药影响了声惊吓反应和运动活动，未观察到脑结构变化。根据研究结果，确定母体毒性的未观察到不良反应水平（NOAEL）为10 mg/kg bw/day。发育性神经毒性NOAEL为2.5 mg/kg bw/day。一项ACE的发育性神经毒性研究表明，神经毒性是该化合物整体毒性的关键限制因素。

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引用次数: 0

Biomarker-based assessment of sublethal metal exposure in brown trout and parasites acanthocephalans from a protected karst river 喀斯特保护河流中褐鳟和棘头类寄生虫亚致死金属暴露的生物标志物评价。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104823

Sara Šariri , Tatjana Mijošek Pavin , Zuzana Redžović , Zoran Kiralj , Dušica Ivanković , Vlatka Filipović Marijić

Karst freshwater ecosystems are especially susceptible to metal pollution, even in protected areas. Present study assessed biomarker responses in intestine of Salmo trutta and their intestinal parasites acanthocephalans at three sites along the karst Krka River: river source, a wastewater-impacted site, and a site within the Krka National Park. Biomarkers of metal exposure, general stress, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defense, and tissue metabolic activity were analyzed in relation to season, fish biometry, cytosolic metal(loid) concentrations, and parasite burden. Fish from both the wastewater-impacted site (KRK) and the national park site (KNP) showed moderate stress and significantly elevated lipid peroxidation compared to the river source. Correlation analysis revealed stronger biomarker–metal associations in spring, and higher stress in smaller fish with lower parasite burdens. This study provides rare data on biomarker responses in fish intestine and the first data on metallothionein and cytosolic protein levels in acanthocephalans, which exhibited higher biomarker values than host tissue. These results support biomarker use for early detection of sublethal contamination.

喀斯特淡水生态系统尤其容易受到金属污染的影响，即使在保护区也是如此。本研究评估了喀斯特克尔卡河沿岸3个地点（河流源头、污水影响地点和克尔卡国家公园内地点）鲑及其肠道寄生虫棘头类肠道生物标志物的反应。分析了金属暴露、一般应激、脂质过氧化、抗氧化防御和组织代谢活性的生物标志物与季节、鱼类生物计量、细胞质金属（样蛋白）浓度和寄生虫负担的关系。与河流源相比，来自污水影响区（KRK）和国家公园区（KNP）的鱼类均表现出中度应激和显著升高的脂质过氧化。相关分析显示，生物标志物与金属在春季的相关性较强，且对体型较小、寄生虫负荷较低的鱼类的应激较高。该研究提供了鱼类肠道生物标志物应答的罕见数据，以及棘头动物中金属硫蛋白和胞质蛋白水平的首次数据，这些生物标志物的价值高于宿主组织。这些结果支持将生物标志物用于亚致死污染的早期检测。

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引用次数: 0

Can bystander effects of metals in Daphnia magna be mediated by DNA methylation? 金属对大水蚤的旁观者效应是否可通过DNA甲基化介导？

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104832

Guilherme Jeremias , Joana Lourenço , Cristiano V.M. Araujo , Filip Van Nieuwerburgh , Fernando J.M. Gonçalves , Jana Asselman , Joana L. Pereira

The bystander phenomenon can be described as the detection of effects in non-exposed cells/individuals when these come in contact with exposed ones. Bystander literature has focused mostly on the detection of effects rather than understanding the underlying mechanisms, thus these remain largely unknown from a molecular perspective. Epigenetic mechanisms play a major role in biological responses to environmental stressors, with limited evidence suggesting their involvement in the mechanisms behind bystander effects as well. To gain further insight on this specific topic, we performed bystander experiments with Daphnia magna and an essential (copper) and non-essential (cadmium) metal. In short, metal-exposed organisms were left to co-habit with bystander (not previously exposed) organisms in blank medium for further assessment of gene-specific DNA methylation changes in both groups. In exposed organisms, methylation changes mostly occurred in genes involved in general stress responses and in the offset metal toxicity and oxidative stress. DNA methylation changes were also detected in bystander organisms for both metals, and bystander epigenetic responses targeted specifically the Alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase alkB and Tetraspanin 47 F genes, therefore relating to the cellular signalling of metal stress and the coping with metal-induced DNA damage. Taken together, these insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning bystander effects contribute to a better understanding of their ecological and ecotoxicological consequences.

旁观者现象可以被描述为当未暴露的细胞/个体与暴露的细胞/个体接触时，对其影响的检测。旁观者文献主要集中在检测效应，而不是理解潜在的机制，因此从分子的角度来看，这些仍然很大程度上是未知的。表观遗传机制在生物对环境压力的反应中起着重要作用，但有限的证据表明它们也参与旁观者效应背后的机制。为了进一步了解这个特定的主题，我们用大水蚤和一种必需（铜）和非必需（镉）金属进行了旁观者实验。简而言之，将暴露于金属的生物体与未暴露于金属的生物体在空白培养基中共存，以进一步评估两组中基因特异性DNA甲基化变化。在暴露的生物体中，甲基化变化主要发生在参与一般应激反应和抵消金属毒性和氧化应激的基因中。在这两种金属的旁观者生物中也检测到DNA甲基化变化，旁观者表观遗传反应专门针对α -酮戊二酸依赖性双加氧酶alkB和Tetraspanin 47F基因，因此与金属胁迫的细胞信号传导和应对金属诱导的DNA损伤有关。综上所述，这些对旁观者效应分子机制的见解有助于更好地理解其生态和生态毒理学后果。

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引用次数: 0

High concentrations of Printex 90 carbon black ultrafine particles disturb the epithelial barrier in human primary respiratory mucosa models 高浓度Printex 90炭黑超细颗粒扰乱人初级呼吸道粘膜模型的上皮屏障。

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104829

Totta Ehret Kasemo , Maximilian Oppmann , Sofia Dembski , Maria Steinke , Elena Lajtha , Helena Moratin , Manuel Stöth , Agmal Scherzad , Mathilde Noémie Delaval , Ralf Zimmermann , Sebastiano Di Bucchianico , Stephan Hackenberg , Till J. Meyer

Airborne pollutants harm human health, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Impaired epithelial barrier function is, as in respiratory diseases, one possible pathomechanism. To investigate this, carbon black (CB) as a model for ultrafine particles (UFP), was applied to respiratory mucosa models of primary fibroblasts and epithelial cells cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Models were assessed for the mucociliary phenotype. Cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and barrier integrity were evaluated by the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and comet assays, and by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements. Cilia movement and ultrastructure, secretory cells, and intact cell-cell contacts were confirmed. Subtle changes were observed: the LDH release had increased 2 h post exposure and barrier disturbance 24 h post exposure was detected, both without mucosal damage or genotoxic effects. Donor-specific differences were present. Barrier disruption without cell detachment or death suggests model feasibility for long-term studies of, e.g., tissue regeneration or fibrosis following UFP exposure.

空气污染物危害人体健康，但其机制尚不清楚。与呼吸系统疾病一样，上皮屏障功能受损是一种可能的发病机制。为此，将炭黑（CB）作为超细颗粒模型应用于气液界面（ALI）培养的原代成纤维细胞和上皮细胞的呼吸道粘膜模型。对模型进行纤毛黏液表型评估。通过乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和彗星测定以及经上皮电阻（TEER）测量来评估细胞毒性、DNA损伤和屏障完整性。纤毛运动、超微结构、分泌细胞及细胞间完整接触均得到证实。观察到微妙的变化：暴露后2h LDH释放增加，暴露后24h检测到屏障障碍，均无粘膜损伤或遗传毒性作用。存在供体特异性差异。无细胞脱离或死亡的屏障破坏提示了长期研究的模型可行性，例如，UFP暴露后的组织再生或纤维化。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental endocrine disruptors and breast cancer: The role of bisphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls, parabens, and dioxins 环境内分泌干扰物与乳腺癌：双酚、多氯联苯、对羟基苯甲酸酯和二恶英的作用

IF 4.2 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Environmental toxicology and pharmacology

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2025.104834

Marina Sánchez-Ocaña, Vicenç Ruiz de Porras

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women, and environmental factors such as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) contribute to its development and progression. This review examines the roles of four major EDCs—bisphenols, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), parabens, and dioxins—integrating mechanistic and epidemiological evidence. A key pathway is the cross-talk between estrogen receptor (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which regulates proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. Bisphenol A (BPA) promotes proliferation, migration, epigenetic reprogramming, and immune escape. PCBs, particularly PCB-153, are linked to metabolic alterations, inflammation, and variable epidemiological associations. Parabens, common in cosmetics, display estrogenic activity and affect oxidative stress, tumor marker expression, and metastasis. Dioxins, especially TCDD, act via AhR to induce inflammation, immunosuppression, and metastasis, with epidemiological links to cancer risk near emission sources. Collectively, these EDCs disrupt hormonal pathways, alter gene expression, and modulate the tumor microenvironment, underscoring the need for further research, regulation, and public health interventions.

乳腺癌是女性中最常见的恶性肿瘤，环境因素如内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）有助于其发展和进展。本文综述了四种主要的edcs -双酚、多氯联苯（PCBs）、对羟基苯甲酸酯和二恶英-综合机理和流行病学证据的作用。雌激素受体（ER）和芳烃受体（AhR）之间的串扰是调控细胞增殖、存活和免疫逃避的关键途径。双酚A （BPA）促进增殖、迁移、表观遗传重编程和免疫逃逸。多氯联苯，特别是多氯联苯-153，与代谢改变、炎症和不同的流行病学关联有关。对羟基苯甲酸酯在化妆品中很常见，具有雌激素活性，影响氧化应激、肿瘤标志物表达和转移。二恶英，特别是TCDD，通过AhR诱导炎症、免疫抑制和转移，与排放源附近的癌症风险有流行病学联系。总的来说，这些EDCs破坏激素通路，改变基因表达，调节肿瘤微环境，强调了进一步研究、调控和公共卫生干预的必要性。

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引用次数: 0