Pub Date : 2024-06-24DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104494
Georgia M. Sinclair , Oliver A.H. Jones , Navneet Singh , Sara M. Long
Assessing the harm caused by pollutants in urban ecosystems remains a significant challenge. Traditional ecotoxicological endpoints are often not sensitive enough to detect the effects of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤ng/L). A potential solution is using molecular biology methods to look at small biochemical changes caused by exposure to ng/L concentrations of contaminants. This has been tested in the lab but not conclusively demonstrated in the field. We exposed the freshwater amphipod (Austrochiltonia subtenuis) to water from an urban wetland containing known concentrations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (as well as very low concentrations of pesticides) for 14 days and analyzed their metabolite profiles. Mannose, Myo-inositol, and Isopropyl propionate were found to change in PFAS exposed amphipods, a similar response to that previously observed in laboratory exposures to the same PFAS, but not pesticides. The results give a better understanding of PFAS toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions.
{"title":"Exposure to PFAS contaminated urban wetland water causes similar metabolic alterations to laboratory-based exposures in the freshwater amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis","authors":"Georgia M. Sinclair , Oliver A.H. Jones , Navneet Singh , Sara M. Long","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Assessing the harm caused by pollutants in urban ecosystems remains a significant challenge. Traditional ecotoxicological endpoints are often not sensitive enough to detect the effects of toxicants at environmentally relevant concentrations (≤ng/L). A potential solution is using molecular biology methods to look at small biochemical changes caused by exposure to ng/L concentrations of contaminants. This has been tested in the lab but not conclusively demonstrated in the field. We exposed the freshwater amphipod (<em>Austrochiltonia subtenuis</em>) to water from an urban wetland containing known concentrations of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (as well as very low concentrations of pesticides) for 14 days and analyzed their metabolite profiles. Mannose, Myo-inositol, and Isopropyl propionate were found to change in PFAS exposed amphipods, a similar response to that previously observed in laboratory exposures to the same PFAS, but not pesticides. The results give a better understanding of PFAS toxicity at environmentally relevant concentrations and conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668924001340/pdfft?md5=e9ded0fac3b518c4e742a6e76d60c480&pid=1-s2.0-S1382668924001340-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141461392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104493
Kaiyan Gong , Xiaoli Yin , Jiahui Lu , Hong Zheng , Wenjun Wu
The impacts of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) on human health have attracted increasing interest due to their widespread utilization in medicine and food additives. However, the size-dependent effects of SiO2-NPs on brain health remain sparse. Herein we investigated alterations in behavioral patterns, the gut microbiota, inflammation and oxidative stress of mice after a 12-week exposure to SiO2-NPs with either small size (NP-S) or large size (NP-L). A more pronounced deleterious effect of NP-S was found on anxiety-like behavior in mice relative to NP-L. We also found that SiO2-NPs exposure induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon, hippocampus and cortex of mice in a size-specific manner. Correlation network analysis revealed potential links between anxiety-like behavior and SiO2-NPs-induced shifts in the gut microbiota including Parvibacter, Faecalibaculum, Gordonibacter and Ileibacterium. Furthermore, anxiety-like behavior caused by SiO2-NPs exposure exhibited correlations with decreased levels of hippocampal IL-10 and cortex Nqo1 as well as increased levels of intestinal Acox1 and hippocampal TNF-α. Therefore, our findings suggest that exposure to SiO2-NPs promoted anxiety-like behavior through the mediation of interplay between the gut and the brain, and SiO2-NPs of smaller size may generate a more adverse effect on brain health.
{"title":"Silicon dioxide nanoparticles induce anxiety-like behavior in a size-specific manner via the microbiota-gut-brain axis","authors":"Kaiyan Gong , Xiaoli Yin , Jiahui Lu , Hong Zheng , Wenjun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2024.104493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The impacts of silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs) on human health have attracted increasing interest due to their widespread utilization in medicine and food additives. However, the size-dependent effects of SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs on brain health remain sparse. Herein we investigated alterations in behavioral patterns, the gut microbiota, inflammation and oxidative stress of mice after a 12-week exposure to SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs with either small size (NP-S) or large size (NP-L). A more pronounced deleterious effect of NP-S was found on anxiety-like behavior in mice relative to NP-L. We also found that SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs exposure induced inflammation and oxidative stress in the colon, hippocampus and cortex of mice in a size-specific manner. Correlation network analysis revealed potential links between anxiety-like behavior and SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs-induced shifts in the gut microbiota including <em>Parvibacter</em>, <em>Faecalibaculum</em>, <em>Gordonibacter</em> and <em>Ileibacterium</em>. Furthermore, anxiety-like behavior caused by SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs exposure exhibited correlations with decreased levels of hippocampal IL-10 and cortex Nqo1 as well as increased levels of intestinal Acox1 and hippocampal TNF-α. Therefore, our findings suggest that exposure to SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs promoted anxiety-like behavior through the mediation of interplay between the gut and the brain, and SiO<sub>2</sub>-NPs of smaller size may generate a more adverse effect on brain health.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-08DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104481
Mohamed Hamed , Christopher J. Martyniuk , Hamdy A.M. Soliman , Alaa G.M. Osman , Rashad E.M. Said
Pyrogallol, a botanical hydrolysable tannin, has diverse medical and industrial applications. Its impact on aquatic ecosystems and fish health has been previously studied, revealing histopathological, immunological, biochemical, and haematological alterations in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In this study, the neurotoxic potential of pyrogallol was assessed through a 15-day exposure of catfish to concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 mg/L. Enzyme activities such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in serum and brain, along with histopathological examinations in the brain and heart. Pyrogallol exposure led to decreased AchE activity in the brain and serum, increased serum MAO activity, elevated AO in both brain and serum, and suppressed NO levels. Morphological abnormalities and dose-dependent pathological alterations were observed in the brain and heart, including neuropile deformities, shrunken Purkinje cells, cardiomyocyte degeneration, and increased collagen fibers. This suggests that pyrogallol induces adverse effects in fish.
焦酚是一种植物水解单宁,具有多种医疗和工业用途。以前曾研究过它对水生生态系统和鱼类健康的影响,发现它对非洲鲶鱼(Clarias gariepinus)造成了组织病理学、免疫学、生物化学和血液学方面的改变。在本研究中,通过让鲶鱼暴露于 1、5 或 10 毫克/升的浓度下 15 天,对焦棓酚的神经毒性潜力进行了评估。测量了血清和大脑中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、单胺氧化酶(MAO)、醛氧化酶(AO)和一氧化氮(NO)等酶的活性,并对大脑和心脏进行了组织病理学检查。接触焦谷醇会导致大脑和血清中 AchE 活性降低、血清 MAO 活性升高、大脑和血清中 AO 升高以及 NO 水平降低。在大脑和心脏中观察到了形态异常和剂量依赖性病理变化,包括神经瘫痪、浦肯野细胞萎缩、心肌细胞变性和胶原纤维增加。这表明焦谷醇会对鱼类产生不良影响。
{"title":"Neurotoxic and cardiotoxic effects of pyrogallol on catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","authors":"Mohamed Hamed , Christopher J. Martyniuk , Hamdy A.M. Soliman , Alaa G.M. Osman , Rashad E.M. Said","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pyrogallol, a botanical hydrolysable tannin, has diverse medical and industrial applications. Its impact on aquatic ecosystems and fish health has been previously studied, revealing histopathological, immunological, biochemical, and haematological alterations in African catfish (<em>Clarias gariepinus</em>). In this study, the neurotoxic potential of pyrogallol was assessed through a 15-day exposure of catfish to concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 mg/L. Enzyme activities such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE), monoamine oxidase (MAO), aldehyde oxidase (AO), and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in serum and brain, along with histopathological examinations in the brain and heart. Pyrogallol exposure led to decreased AchE activity in the brain and serum, increased serum MAO activity, elevated AO in both brain and serum, and suppressed NO levels. Morphological abnormalities and dose-dependent pathological alterations were observed in the brain and heart, including neuropile deformities, shrunken Purkinje cells, cardiomyocyte degeneration, and increased collagen fibers. This suggests that pyrogallol induces adverse effects in fish.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104481"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among cereal contaminants, mycotoxins are of concern due to their importance in terms of food and feed safety. The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis for mycotoxicosis relies on the fact that the effects are most often subclinical for chronic exposure and the most common scenario is multi-contamination by various toxins. Mycotoxin co-occurrence is a major food safety concern as additive or even synergic toxic impacts may occur, but also regarding current regulations as they mainly concern individual mycotoxin levels in specific foods and feed in the food chain. However, due to the large number of possible mycotoxin combinations, there is still limited knowledge on co-exposure toxicity data, which depends on several parameters. In this context, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of the toxic effects of two regulated mycotoxins, namely ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. This review focused on the 2012–2022 period and analysed the occurrence in Europe of the selected mycotoxins in different food matrices (cereals and cereal-derived products), and their toxic impact, alone or in combination, on in vitro intestinal and hepatic human cells. To better understand and evaluate the associated risks, further research is needed using new approach methodologies (NAM), such as in vitro 3D models.
Key contribution
Cereals and their derived products are the most important food source for humans and feed for animals worldwide. This manuscript is a state of the art review of the literature over the last ten years on ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 mycotoxins in these products in Europe as well as their toxicological effects, alone and in combination, on human cells. Future perspectives and some challenges regarding the assessment of toxicological effects of mycotoxins are also discussed.
{"title":"Occurrence of the two major regulated mycotoxins, ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1, in cereal and cereal-based products in Europe and toxicological effects: A review","authors":"Beatriz Arce-López, Monika Coton, Emmanuel Coton, Nolwenn Hymery","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among cereal contaminants, mycotoxins are of concern due to their importance in terms of food and feed safety. The difficulty in establishing a diagnosis for mycotoxicosis relies on the fact that the effects are most often subclinical for chronic exposure and the most common scenario is multi-contamination by various toxins. Mycotoxin co-occurrence is a major food safety concern as additive or even synergic toxic impacts may occur, but also regarding current regulations as they mainly concern individual mycotoxin levels in specific foods and feed in the food chain. However, due to the large number of possible mycotoxin combinations, there is still limited knowledge on co-exposure toxicity data, which depends on several parameters. In this context, this systematic review aims to provide an overview of the toxic effects of two regulated mycotoxins, namely ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1. This review focused on the 2012–2022 period and analysed the occurrence in Europe of the selected mycotoxins in different food matrices (cereals and cereal-derived products), and their toxic impact, alone or in combination, on i<em>n vitro</em> intestinal and hepatic human cells. To better understand and evaluate the associated risks, further research is needed using new approach methodologies (NAM), such as <em>in vitro</em> 3D models.</p></div><div><h3>Key contribution</h3><p>Cereals and their derived products are the most important food source for humans and feed for animals worldwide. This manuscript is a state of the art review of the literature over the last ten years on ochratoxin A and fumonisin B1 mycotoxins in these products in Europe as well as their toxicological effects, alone and in combination, on human cells. Future perspectives and some challenges regarding the assessment of toxicological effects of mycotoxins are also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668924001297/pdfft?md5=aed69c2978117c283e7cf960bf65e8b8&pid=1-s2.0-S1382668924001297-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141285683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104492
Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad , Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman , Amany Behairy , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Taghred M. Saber , Mohamed M.M. Metwally , Samaa Salah Abd El-Fatah , Mariam M. Samaha , Taisir Saber , Mohamed Abdelrahman Aglan
We evaluated whether thymol (THY) (30 mg/kg b.wt) could relieve the adverse effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) (22.5 mg/kg b.wt) on the liver in a 56-day oral experiment and the probable underlying mechanisms. THY significantly suppressed the IMD-associated increase in hepatic enzyme leakage. Besides, the IMD-induced dyslipidemia was considerably corrected by THY. Moreover, THY significantly repressed the IMD-induced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation. Of note, the Feulgen, mercuric bromophenol blue, and PAS-stained hepatic tissue sections analysis declared that treatment with THY largely rescued the IMD-induced depletion of the DNA, total proteins, and polysaccharides. Moreover, THY treatment did not affect the NF-kB p65 immunoexpression but markedly downregulated the Caspase-3 in the hepatocytes of the THY+IMD-treated group than the IMD-treated group. Conclusively, THY could efficiently protect against IMD-induced hepatotoxicity, probably through protecting cellular macromolecules and antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.
{"title":"Thymol’s modulation of cellular macromolecules, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and NF-kB/caspase-3 signaling in the liver of imidacloprid-exposed rats","authors":"Fathy Elsayed Abdelgawad , Ghada I. Abd El-Rahman , Amany Behairy , Yasmina M. Abd-Elhakim , Taghred M. Saber , Mohamed M.M. Metwally , Samaa Salah Abd El-Fatah , Mariam M. Samaha , Taisir Saber , Mohamed Abdelrahman Aglan","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We evaluated whether thymol (THY) (30 mg/kg b.wt) could relieve the adverse effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid (IMD) (22.5 mg/kg b.wt) on the liver in a 56-day oral experiment and the probable underlying mechanisms. THY significantly suppressed the IMD-associated increase in hepatic enzyme leakage. Besides, the IMD-induced dyslipidemia was considerably corrected by THY. Moreover, THY significantly repressed the IMD-induced hepatic oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, and inflammation. Of note, the Feulgen, mercuric bromophenol blue, and PAS-stained hepatic tissue sections analysis declared that treatment with THY largely rescued the IMD-induced depletion of the DNA, total proteins, and polysaccharides. Moreover, THY treatment did not affect the NF-kB p65 immunoexpression but markedly downregulated the Caspase-3 in the hepatocytes of the THY+IMD-treated group than the IMD-treated group. Conclusively, THY could efficiently protect against IMD-induced hepatotoxicity, probably through protecting cellular macromolecules and antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens.
{"title":"Hazard identification of endocrine-disrupting carcinogens (EDCs) in relation to cancers in humans","authors":"Neha Sharma , Vinay Kumar , Vimal S. , Mridul Umesh , Preeti Sharma , Basheer Thazeem , Komalpreet Kaur , Jithin Thomas , Ritu Pasrija , Divya Utreja","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104480","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104480","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Endocrine disrupting chemicals or carcinogens have been known for decades for their endocrine signal disruption. Endocrine disrupting chemicals are a serious concern and they have been included in the top priority toxicants and persistent organic pollutants. Therefore, researchers have been working for a long time to understand their mechanisms of interaction in different human organs. Several reports are available about the carcinogen potential of these chemicals. The presented review is an endeavor to understand the hazard identification associated with endocrine disrupting carcinogens in relation to the human body. The paper discusses the major endocrine disrupting carcinogens and their potency for carcinogenesis. It discusses human exposure, route of entry, carcinogenicity and mechanisms. In addition, the paper discusses the research gaps and bottlenecks associated with the research. Moreover, it discusses the limitations associated with the analytical techniques for detection of endocrine disrupting carcinogens.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104480"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141201614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104479
S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak , Seenivasan Boopathi , Bader O. Almutairi , Selvaraj Arokiyaraj , M.K. Kathiravan , Jesu Arockiaraj
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are increasingly used to promote sustainable agriculture, but their unregulated use raises concerns about potential environmental risks. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a commonly used PGR, has been the subject of research on its developmental toxicity in the in-vivo zebrafish model. IAA exposure to zebrafish embryos caused oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular apoptosis. The study also revealed that critical antioxidant genes including sod, cat, and bcl2 were downregulated, while pro-apoptotic genes such as bax and p53 were upregulated. IAA exposure also hampered normal cardiogenesis by downregulating myl7, amhc, and vmhc genes and potentially influencing zebrafish neurobehavior. The accumulation of IAA was confirmed by HPLC analysis of IAA-exposed zebrafish tissues. These findings underscore the need for further study on the potential ecological consequences of IAA use and the need for sustainable agricultural practices.
{"title":"Indole-3-acetic acid induced cardiogenesis impairment in in-vivo zebrafish via oxidative stress and downregulation of cardiac morphogenic factors","authors":"S.P. Ramya Ranjan Nayak , Seenivasan Boopathi , Bader O. Almutairi , Selvaraj Arokiyaraj , M.K. Kathiravan , Jesu Arockiaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are increasingly used to promote sustainable agriculture, but their unregulated use raises concerns about potential environmental risks. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a commonly used PGR, has been the subject of research on its developmental toxicity in the in-vivo zebrafish model. IAA exposure to zebrafish embryos caused oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and cellular apoptosis. The study also revealed that critical antioxidant genes including <em>sod</em>, <em>cat</em>, and <em>bcl2</em> were downregulated, while pro-apoptotic genes such as <em>bax</em> and <em>p53</em> were upregulated. IAA exposure also hampered normal cardiogenesis by downregulating <em>myl7</em>, <em>amhc</em>, and <em>vmhc</em> genes and potentially influencing zebrafish neurobehavior. The accumulation of IAA was confirmed by HPLC analysis of IAA-exposed zebrafish tissues. These findings underscore the need for further study on the potential ecological consequences of IAA use and the need for sustainable agricultural practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104479"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141183985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biochar is currently garnering interest as an alternative to commercial fertilizer and as a tool to counteract global warming. However, its use is increasingly drawing attention, particularly concerning the fine dust that can be developed during its manufacture, transport, and use. This work aimed to assess the toxicity of fine particulate Biochar (<PM10) via in-vitro and in-vivo experiments as a first step for the evaluation of toxicity values. As in-vitro experiments, cell lines showed inhibition of proliferation following the reduction of expression genes involved in cell cycle control, increase in the production of ROS and IL-8, and decrease in intracellular ATP. In-vivo rat exposure induced hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory phenomena with infiltrations of neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages at the alveolar and bronchiolar levels. Both in-vitro and in-vivo studies highlighted how exposure to Biochar particulates leads to an inflammatory condition and oxidative stress.
生物炭作为商业肥料的替代品和应对全球变暖的工具,目前正引起人们的兴趣。然而,生物炭的使用也日益引起人们的关注,特别是在其制造、运输和使用过程中可能产生的微尘。这项工作旨在通过体外和体内实验评估细颗粒生物碳(10)的毒性,作为评估毒性值的第一步。在体外实验中,由于参与细胞周期控制的基因表达减少、ROS 和 IL-8 的产生增加以及细胞内 ATP 的减少,细胞株的增殖受到抑制。大鼠体内接触后,肺泡和支气管会出现充血、水肿和炎症现象,并伴有中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润。体外和体内研究都强调了接触生物炭微粒如何导致炎症和氧化应激。
{"title":"Biochar dust emission: Is it a health concern? Preliminary results for toxicity assessment","authors":"Silvana Pinelli , Stefano Rossi , Alessio Malcevschi , Michele Miragoli , Massimo Corradi , Luisella Selis , Sara Tagliaferri , Francesca Rossi , Delia Cavallo , Cinzia Lucia Ursini , Diana Poli , Paola Mozzoni","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biochar is currently garnering interest as an alternative to commercial fertilizer and as a tool to counteract global warming. However, its use is increasingly drawing attention, particularly concerning the fine dust that can be developed during its manufacture, transport, and use. This work aimed to assess the toxicity of fine particulate Biochar (<PM<sub>10</sub>) via <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in-vivo</em> experiments as a first step for the evaluation of toxicity values. As <em>in-vitro</em> experiments, cell lines showed inhibition of proliferation following the reduction of expression genes involved in cell cycle control, increase in the production of ROS and IL-8, and decrease in intracellular ATP. <em>In-vivo</em> rat exposure induced hyperemia, edema, and inflammatory phenomena with infiltrations of neutrophil granulocytes and macrophages at the alveolar and bronchiolar levels. Both <em>in-vitro</em> and <em>in-vivo</em> studies highlighted how exposure to Biochar particulates leads to an inflammatory condition and oxidative stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668924001170/pdfft?md5=ad4b88cede3a9815979f6c28c4ee0785&pid=1-s2.0-S1382668924001170-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microplastics are pollutants of emerging concern and the aquatic biota consumes microplastics (MPs), which has a range of toxicological and environmental effects on aquatic organisms that are not the intended targets. The current study looked into how weathered polyethylene (wPE) MPs affected Danio albolineatus immunological and haematological markers. In this experiment, fish of both sexes were placed in control and exposure groups, and they were exposed for 40 d at the sublethal level (1 μg L-1) of fragmented wPE, which contained 1074 ± 52 MPs per litre. Similarly, fish exposed to wPE MPs showed significant modifications in lysozyme, antimicrobial, and antiprotease activity, as well as differential counts. Results of the present study show that the male fish were more susceptible than female fish after 40 d of chronic exposure. Further studies are needed to ascertain how the innate and humoral immune systems of the fish respond to MPs exposure.
{"title":"Weathered polyethylene microplastics induced immunomodulation in zebrafish","authors":"Thilagam Harikrishnan , Pandi Paramasivam , Anusuya Sankar , Madhavan Sakthivel , Elumalai Sanniyasi , Thiagarajan Raman , Muthukumar Thangavelu , Gopalakrishnan Singaram , Govarthanan Muthusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics are pollutants of emerging concern and the aquatic biota consumes microplastics (MPs), which has a range of toxicological and environmental effects on aquatic organisms that are not the intended targets. The current study looked into how weathered polyethylene (wPE) MPs affected <em>Danio albolineatus</em> immunological and haematological markers. In this experiment, fish of both sexes were placed in control and exposure groups, and they were exposed for 40 d at the sublethal level (1 μg L<sup>-1</sup>) of fragmented wPE, which contained 1074 ± 52 MPs per litre. Similarly, fish exposed to wPE MPs showed significant modifications in lysozyme, antimicrobial, and antiprotease activity, as well as differential counts. Results of the present study show that the male fish were more susceptible than female fish after 40 d of chronic exposure. Further studies are needed to ascertain how the innate and humoral immune systems of the fish respond to MPs exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"109 ","pages":"Article 104478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2024.104476
Rafaella Ferreira Nascimento Nunes , Luiz Paulo Aguiar Marciano , Geovana Sousa Oliveira , Naiane Silva Cardoso , Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula , Marcia Sarpa , Isarita Martins
Studies reported that continuous application of glyphosate can cause disturbance in aquatic/terrestrial environments. As such, the objective of this study is to discuss the risk of exposure to the herbicide in drinking water and to assess the oxidative stress in the consumers rural populations of Casimiro de Abreu/ RJ and Paraguaçu/ MG, Brazil. For this, water samples (n=69) were analysed from the home of volunteers, by FMOC derivatizing- LC-FLD method. The oxidative stress was analysed determining lipid peroxidation (MAD) and defense enzymes (SOD and CAT) in serum samples from rural population (n=42) compared to urban residents (n= 42). Results of the analysis from drinking water, despite the low and moderate risk, by the hazard quotient (HQ), revealed that the population is environmentally exposed to the glyphosate. The relevant findings showed that is important to implement monitoring/ biomonitoring programs to prevent pollution and toxic effects in the rural populations.
研究报告称,持续施用草甘膦会对水生/陆生环境造成干扰。因此,本研究的目的是讨论饮用水中接触除草剂的风险,并评估巴西卡西米罗-德阿布雷乌(Casimiro de Abreu/RJ)和帕拉瓜苏(Paraguaçu/MG)农村消费者的氧化应激情况。为此,采用 FMOC 衍生-LC-FLD 方法对志愿者家中的水样(n=69)进行了分析。通过测定农村居民(42 人)与城市居民(42 人)血清样本中的脂质过氧化反应(MAD)和防御酶(SOD 和 CAT),对氧化应激进行了分析。根据危害商数(HQ)对饮用水进行分析的结果表明,尽管草甘膦的风险较低和中等,但农村人口仍暴露在草甘膦的环境中。相关研究结果表明,必须实施监测/生物监测计划,以防止农村人口受到污染和毒性影响。
{"title":"Glyphosate contamination of drinking water and the occurrence of oxidative stress: Exposure assessment to rural Brazilian populations","authors":"Rafaella Ferreira Nascimento Nunes , Luiz Paulo Aguiar Marciano , Geovana Sousa Oliveira , Naiane Silva Cardoso , Fernanda Borges de Araújo Paula , Marcia Sarpa , Isarita Martins","doi":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.etap.2024.104476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Studies reported that continuous application of glyphosate can cause disturbance in aquatic/terrestrial environments. As such, the objective of this study is to discuss the risk of exposure to the herbicide in drinking water and to assess the oxidative stress in the consumers rural populations of Casimiro de Abreu/ RJ and Paraguaçu/ MG, Brazil. For this, water samples (n=69) were analysed from the home of volunteers, by FMOC derivatizing- LC-FLD method. The oxidative stress was analysed determining lipid peroxidation (MAD) and defense enzymes (SOD and CAT) in serum samples from rural population (n=42) compared to urban residents (n= 42). Results of the analysis from drinking water, despite the low and moderate risk, by the hazard quotient (HQ), revealed that the population is environmentally exposed to the glyphosate. The relevant findings showed that is important to implement monitoring/ biomonitoring programs to prevent pollution and toxic effects in the rural populations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11775,"journal":{"name":"Environmental toxicology and pharmacology","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 104476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}