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Sleep duration, sleep problems and developmental trajectories of urinary incontinence: a prospective cohort study. 睡眠时间、睡眠问题和尿失禁的发育轨迹:一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02471-1
Carol Joinson, Mariusz T Grzeda, Jon Heron, Alexander von Gontard

To examine if preschool sleep duration and sleep problems are associated with urinary incontinence (UI) at primary school-age. We used multinomial logistic regression to examine the association of child sleep duration/problems (3½ years) with UI trajectories (4-9 years) in 8751 (4507 boys, 4244 girls) from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We adjusted for sex, socioeconomic indicators, mothers' emotional/practical/financial support, developmental delay, stressful life events, temperament, and emotional/behaviour problems. Preschool children who slept more than 8½ hours per night had a decreased probability of UI at school-age. There was a 33% reduction in odds of daytime wetting per additional hour of sleep (odds ratio [OR] = 0.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52-0.86). Sleep problems were associated with increased odds of UI e.g., getting up after being put to bed was associated with daytime wetting (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.43-3.39); breathing problems whilst sleeping were associated with delayed bladder control (OR = 1.68, 95% CI 1.12-2.52), and night-time waking was associated with persistent (day and night) wetting (OR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.16-2.00). Waking during the night and waking up early in the morning were associated with reduced odds of bedwetting at school-age (OR = 0.76, 95% CI 0.61-0.96 and OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.64-0.99 respectively). Preschool children who sleep for longer have a lower likelihood of UI at school-age, whilst those with sleep problems are more likely to experience daytime wetting and combined (day and night) wetting, but not bedwetting alone. Short sleep duration and sleep problems in early childhood could be indicators of future problems attaining and maintaining bladder control.

研究学龄前儿童的睡眠时间和睡眠问题是否与小学年龄段的尿失禁(UI)有关。我们采用多项式逻辑回归法,研究了雅芳亲子纵向研究(Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children)中 8751 名儿童(4507 名男孩,4244 名女孩)的儿童睡眠时间/睡眠问题(3 岁半)与尿失禁轨迹(4-9 岁)之间的关系。我们对性别、社会经济指标、母亲的情感/实践/经济支持、发育迟缓、生活压力事件、气质和情感/行为问题进行了调整。每晚睡眠时间超过 8.5 小时的学龄前儿童在学龄时患不育症的概率降低。睡眠时间每增加一小时,白天尿湿的几率就会降低 33%(几率比 [OR] = 0.67,95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.52-0.86)。睡眠问题与尿失禁几率的增加有关,例如,上床后起床与白天尿湿有关(OR = 2.20,95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.43-3.39);睡眠时呼吸困难与膀胱控制延迟有关(OR = 1.68,95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.12-2.52),夜间醒来与持续(白天和晚上)尿湿有关(OR = 1.53,95% 置信区间 [CI] 1.16-2.00)。夜间醒来和清晨醒来与学龄期尿床几率降低有关(OR = 0.76,95% CI 0.61-0.96 和 OR = 0.80,95% CI 0.64-0.99)。睡眠时间较长的学龄前儿童在学龄时尿床的可能性较低,而有睡眠问题的学龄前儿童更有可能出现白天尿湿和合并(白天和夜间)尿湿的情况,但不会单独尿床。幼儿期睡眠时间短和睡眠问题可能预示着他们将来在实现和维持膀胱控制方面会出现问题。
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引用次数: 0
An investigation of the acute effects of aerobic exercise on executive function and cortical excitability in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 研究有氧运动对注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)青少年的执行功能和皮质兴奋性的急性影响。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02467-x
Hsiao-I Kuo, Jia-Ling Sun, Michael Nitsche, Jung-Chi Chang

Previous studies have shown that aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on executive function in adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The underlying mechanisms could be partially due to aerobic exercise-induced cortical excitability modulation. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of acute aerobic exercise on executive functions and cortical excitability and the association between these phenomena in adolescents with ADHD. The study was conducted using a complete crossover design. Executive functions (inhibitory control, working memory, and planning) and cortical excitability were assessed in twenty-four drug-naïve adolescents with ADHD before and after acute aerobic exercise or a control intervention. Inhibitory control, working memory, and planning improved after acute aerobic exercise in adolescents with ADHD. Moreover, cortical excitability monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) decreased after intervention in this population. Additionally, improvements in inhibitory control and working memory performance were associated with enhanced cortical inhibition. The findings provide indirect preliminary evidence for the assumption that changes in cortical excitability induced by aerobic exercise partially contribute to improvements in executive function in adolescents with ADHD.

以往的研究表明,有氧运动对患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的青少年的执行功能有益。其潜在机制可能部分是由于有氧运动引起的大脑皮层兴奋性调节。本研究旨在探讨急性有氧运动对注意力缺陷多动障碍青少年的执行功能和大脑皮层兴奋性的影响,以及这些现象之间的关联。研究采用完全交叉设计。在急性有氧运动或对照干预前后,对24名未接受过药物治疗的多动症青少年的执行功能(抑制控制、工作记忆和计划性)和皮质兴奋性进行了评估。患有多动症的青少年在进行急性有氧运动后,抑制控制、工作记忆和计划性均有所改善。此外,通过经颅磁刺激(TMS)监测到的皮层兴奋性在干预后也有所下降。此外,抑制控制和工作记忆能力的提高与大脑皮层抑制能力的增强有关。这些研究结果为有氧运动引起的大脑皮层兴奋性变化部分有助于改善多动症青少年的执行功能这一假设提供了间接的初步证据。
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引用次数: 0
Negative family and interpersonal relationship are associated with centromedial amygdala functional connectivity alterations in adolescent depression. 消极的家庭和人际关系与青少年抑郁症患者杏仁核中央区功能连接的改变有关。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02456-0
Weijie Bao, Yingxue Gao, Ruohan Feng, Lingxiao Cao, Zilin Zhou, Lihua Zhuo, Hongwei Li, Xinqin Ouyang, Xinyue Hu, Hailong Li, Guoping Huang, Xiaoqi Huang

The amygdala, known for its functional heterogeneity, plays a critical role in the neural mechanism of adolescent major depressive disorder (aMDD). However, changes in its subregional functional networks in relation to stressful factors remain unclear. We recruited 78 comorbidity-free, medication-naive aMDD patients and 40 matched healthy controls (HC) to explore changes in resting-state functional connectivity (FC) across four amygdala subregions: the centromedial nucleus (CM), the basolateral nucleus (LB), the superficial nucleus (SF), and the amygdalostriatal transition area (Astr). Then, we performed partial correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between amygdala subregional FC and stressful factors as measured by the Chinese Version of Family Environment Scale (FES-CV) and the Adolescent Self-Rated Life Events Scale (ASLEC). Compared to HC, aMDD patients demonstrated significantly decreased functional connectivity between the left CM and left precentral gyrus, as well as between left SF and left precentral gyrus, and between left LB and posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC)/precuneus. In aMDD group, left CM-precentral gyrus FC exhibited negative correlation with interpersonal relationship and punishment, and positive correlation with family cohesion and expressiveness. This study reveals distinct patterns of abnormal functional connectivity among amygdala subregions in aMDD. Our findings suggest that the CM network, in particular, may be involved in stress-related factors in aMDD, which provide a potential target for the prevention and treatment of adolescent depression.

杏仁核以其功能异质性而闻名,在青少年重度抑郁障碍(aMDD)的神经机制中扮演着重要角色。然而,杏仁核亚区域功能网络的变化与压力因素的关系仍不清楚。我们招募了78名无合并症、未接受药物治疗的重度抑郁症患者和40名匹配的健康对照组(HC),探讨了静息态功能连接(FC)在四个杏仁核亚区的变化:中内侧核(CM)、基底外侧核(LB)、浅核(SF)和杏仁体过渡区(Astr)。然后,我们对杏仁核亚区FC与中国版家庭环境量表(FES-CV)和青少年生活事件自评量表(ASLEC)测量的压力因素之间的关系进行了部分相关分析。与HC相比,aMDD患者左侧CM与左侧前中央回之间、左侧SF与左侧前中央回之间、左侧LB与扣带后回(PCC)/楔前回之间的功能连通性明显降低。在MDD组中,左CM-中央前回FC与人际关系和惩罚呈负相关,与家庭凝聚力和表达能力呈正相关。本研究揭示了 aMDD 患者杏仁核亚区之间功能连接异常的独特模式。我们的研究结果表明,CM 网络可能与 aMDD 中的压力相关因素有关,这为预防和治疗青少年抑郁症提供了潜在的靶点。
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引用次数: 0
Qualitative study of the lived experience of methylphenidate prescribed for children with a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. 关于为患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍的儿童开具哌醋甲酯处方的生活体验的定性研究。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02457-z
Clémentine Morin, Bérénice Doray, Cécilia Dumar, Jude Balit, Nicolas Bouscaren, Michel Spodenkiewicz

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) refer to physical, cognitive, and behavioural symptoms in an individual whose mother consumed alcohol during pregnancy. It is the leading cause of non-genetic avoidable mental disability, with an estimated worldwide prevalence of 1%. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnostic criteria are met for 50-80% of patients with FASD. Methylphenidate (MPH) is the first-line pharmacological treatment for ADHD. This study aims to explore the lived experience of children with FASD taking MPH and their caregivers to adapt prescribing modalities by considering different ways to administer the drugs. We hope to improve the therapeutic alliance between the children and their caregivers by gaining an insiders' view of the medication perception. Semi-structured interviews with children and their caregivers were conducted in this qualitative study. Data collection by purposive sampling continued until we reached theoretical sufficiency. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. We conducted 16 semi-structured interviews: 8 with the children aged 7-12, 5 boys and 3 girls and 8 with their caregivers. The analysis showed that inadequate palatability and capsule form experiences were the leading causes of children's non-adherence to the treatment. MPH appeared to be a valuable aid for caregivers even if they had concerns about its potential toxicity. However, it is necessary to identify caregivers' expectations concerning MPH to adapt the prescription in terms of choice of specialty and intake modalities. Regular support was required to reduce caregivers' fears of dependence, personality transformation and long-term adverse effects. Information on palatability should be given when prescribing MPH to children with ADHD as well as its possible side effects or toxicity. It highlights the need for further studies of the experience of palatability of drugs prescribed to children. When prescribing a treatment, children should be more involved in medical counselling and it is necessary to understand the child's perspectives to co-construct common representations for better therapeutical adherence.

胎儿酒精紊乱症(FASD)是指母亲在怀孕期间饮酒而导致胎儿出现身体、认知和行为症状。它是非遗传性可避免精神残疾的主要原因,估计全球发病率为 1%。50-80% 的 FASD 患者符合注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的诊断标准。哌醋甲酯(MPH)是治疗多动症的一线药物。本研究旨在探讨服用哌醋甲酯(MPH)的 FASD 儿童及其照顾者的生活经验,通过考虑不同的用药方式来调整处方模式。我们希望通过了解内行人对用药的看法,改善儿童与其照顾者之间的治疗联盟。在这项定性研究中,我们对儿童及其照顾者进行了半结构化访谈。通过有目的的抽样收集数据,直到我们达到理论上的充分性。我们采用解释现象学分析法对数据进行了分析。我们进行了 16 次半结构式访谈:其中 8 个访谈对象是 7-12 岁的儿童(5 男 3 女),8 个访谈对象是他们的看护人。分析结果表明,口感不足和胶囊体验是导致儿童不坚持治疗的主要原因。即使护理人员对 MPH 的潜在毒性有所担忧,但 MPH 对他们来说似乎是一种有价值的辅助工具。然而,有必要明确护理人员对 MPH 的期望,以便在专业选择和摄入方式方面调整处方。需要定期提供支持,以减少护理人员对依赖性、性格转变和长期不良影响的担忧。在为多动症儿童开具MPH处方时,应告知其适口性以及可能的副作用或毒性。报告强调,有必要进一步研究儿童处方药的适口性。在开具治疗处方时,儿童应更多地参与医疗咨询,有必要了解儿童的观点,共同构建共同表述,以更好地坚持治疗。
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引用次数: 0
A closer look into the affect dynamics of adolescents with depression and the interactions with their parents: An ecological momentary assessment study. 青少年抑郁症患者的情感动态及其与父母的互动:生态瞬间评估研究
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02447-1
Loes H C Janssen, Bart Verkuil, Lisanne A E M van Houtum, Mirjam C M Wever, Wilma G M Wentholt, Bernet M Elzinga

Adolescents with depression tend to perceive behavior of parents as less positive than adolescents without depression, but conclusions are based on retrospective reports assessed once or over long time intervals, with the risk of memory biases affecting the recall. The current study used ecological momentary assessments to examine the link between adolescent affect and the amount of warmth and criticism expressed by both mothers and fathers in families with adolescents with depression versus adolescents without psychopathology in daily life. It also explored the possible bias by assessing parenting on the momentary, daily (EMA), and retrospective level. The sample consisted of 34 adolescents with depression and 58 parents and 80 healthy controls and 151 parents (adolescents: Mage = 15.8, SD = 1.41; 67.5% girls, parents: Mage = 49.3, SD = 5.73; 54.1% mothers). Participants completed retrospective questionnaires and four surveys a day for 14 consecutive days. Preregistered multilevel models showed that momentary parenting reports of adolescents with depression and healthy controls did not differ. The associations between perceived parenting of both mothers and fathers and adolescent affect did also not differ between the two groups. These results illustrate that adolescents generally benefit from supportive parenting, but substantial differences between individuals were found. In contrast to the momentary data, both adolescents with depression and their parents did report more negative parenting on retrospective questionnaires than healthy controls and their parents indicating that adolescents with depression may have a negativity bias in their retrospective recall. These findings are highly relevant for clinical practice and underscore the need for careful assessments on different time scales and including all family members.

与没有抑郁症的青少年相比,患有抑郁症的青少年倾向于认为父母的行为不那么积极,但这些结论都是基于一次或间隔很长时间的回顾性报告评估得出的,有可能会出现影响回忆的记忆偏差。本研究采用生态学瞬间评估方法,考察了有抑郁症青少年的家庭与无精神病态青少年的家庭在日常生活中青少年情感与父亲和母亲所表达的温暖和批评之间的联系。该研究还通过对养育方式进行瞬间、日常(EMA)和回顾性评估,探讨了可能存在的偏差。样本包括 34 名患有抑郁症的青少年和 58 名父母,以及 80 名健康对照组和 151 名父母(青少年:青少年:年龄 = 15.8,标准差 = 1.41;67.5% 为女孩,父母:年龄 = 49.3,标准差 = 1.41:年龄 = 49.3,标准差 = 5.73;54.1% 为母亲)。参与者连续 14 天每天填写回顾性问卷和四次调查。预先注册的多层次模型显示,患有抑郁症的青少年与健康对照组的青少年的瞬间养育报告没有差异。母亲和父亲的养育感知与青少年情感之间的关联在两组之间也没有差异。这些结果表明,青少年一般都能从支持性的养育方式中受益,但也发现了个体之间的巨大差异。与瞬间数据不同的是,抑郁症青少年及其父母在回顾性问卷中对养育方式的负面评价确实多于健康对照组及其父母,这表明抑郁症青少年在回顾性回忆中可能存在负面偏差。这些发现与临床实践高度相关,并强调了在不同时间尺度上进行仔细评估并将所有家庭成员包括在内的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Five-year follow-up of the iBerry Study: screening in early adolescence to identify those at risk of psychopathology in emerging adulthood. iBerry 研究的五年跟踪:在青春期早期进行筛查,以确定在成年后有精神病理学风险的人群。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02462-2
D C Bouter, S J Ravensbergen, N G M de Neve-Enthoven, M Zarchev, C L Mulder, W J G Hoogendijk, S J Roza, N H Grootendorst-van Mil

The iBerry Study, a Dutch population-based high-risk cohort (n = 1022) examines the transition from subclinical symptoms to psychiatric disorders in adolescents. Here, we present the first follow-up measurement, approximately 3 years after baseline assessment and 5 years after the screening based on self-reported emotional and behavioral problems (SDQ-Y). We give an update on the data collection, details on the (non)response, and the results on psychopathology outcomes. The first follow-up (2019-2022) had a response rate of 79% (n = 807). Our results at baseline (mean age 15.0 years) have shown the effectiveness of using the SDQ-Y to select a cohort oversampled for the risk of psychopathology. At first follow-up (mean age 18.1 years), the previously administered SDQ-Y remains predictive for selecting adolescents at risk. At follow-up, 47% of the high-risk adolescents showed significant mental health problems based on self- and parent reports and 46% of the high-risk adolescents met the criteria for multiple DSM-5 diagnoses. Compared to low-risk adolescents, high-risk adolescents had a sevenfold higher odds of significant emotional and behavioral problems at follow-up. Comprehensive assessment on psychopathology, substance abuse, psychotic symptoms, suicidality, nonsuicidal self-injury, addiction to social media and/or video gaming, and delinquency, as well as social development, and the utilization of healthcare and social services were conducted. This wave, as well as the ones to follow, track these adolescents into their young adulthood to identify risk factors, elucidate causal mechanisms, and discern pathways leading to both common and severe mental disorders. Results from the iBerry Study will provide leads for preventive interventions.

iBerry 研究是一项基于荷兰人口的高风险队列研究(n = 1022),该研究探讨了青少年从亚临床症状到精神障碍的转变过程。在此,我们将介绍在基线评估后约 3 年和基于自我报告的情绪和行为问题(SDQ-Y)筛查后 5 年的首次随访测量结果。我们将介绍数据收集的最新情况、(非)响应的详情以及精神病理学结果。第一次随访(2019-2022 年)的回复率为 79%(n = 807)。我们在基线(平均年龄 15.0 岁)的结果表明,使用 SDQ-Y 挑选精神病理学风险超抽样组群是有效的。在首次随访时(平均年龄为 18.1 岁),之前进行的 SDQ-Y 对于筛选高风险青少年仍具有预测性。在随访中,47%的高风险青少年根据自我和家长的报告表现出明显的心理健康问题,46%的高风险青少年符合DSM-5的多项诊断标准。与低风险青少年相比,高风险青少年在随访时出现严重情绪和行为问题的几率要高出七倍。研究人员对青少年的精神病理学、药物滥用、精神病性症状、自杀倾向、非自杀性自伤、社交媒体和/或视频游戏成瘾、犯罪、社会发展、医疗保健和社会服务使用情况等方面进行了全面评估。这一阶段以及后续阶段将对这些青少年的成长过程进行跟踪,以确定风险因素、阐明成因机制,并找出导致常见和严重精神障碍的途径。iBerry 研究的结果将为预防性干预措施提供线索。
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引用次数: 0
Parental mental disorders in patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a nationwide family-link study. 合并精神分裂症和强迫症患者的父母精神障碍:一项全国范围的家庭联系研究。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02480-0
Tien-Wei Hsu, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ya-Mei Bai, Chih-Ming Cheng, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Chih-Sung Liang, Mu-Hong Chen

Schizophrenia is highly comorbid with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD); both conditions share numerous pathophysiological etiologies. We, thus, examined the risk of mental disorders in the parents of probands with schizophrenia, OCD, or both conditions. Between 2001 and 2011, we enrolled a nationwide cohort of 69,813 patients with schizophrenia, OCD, or both. The control cohort included 698,130 individuals matched for demographics. Poisson regression models were employed to examine the risk of six mental disorders in their parents, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, OCD, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. We stratified patients into schizophrenia-only, OCD-only, and dual-diagnosis groups, and the dual-diagnosis group was further divided into schizophrenia-first, OCD-first, and simultaneously diagnosed groups. Compared with controls, the schizophrenia, OCD, and dual-diagnosis groups had higher risks for the six mental disorders in their parents (range of odds ratio [OR] 1.50-7.83). The sub-analysis of the dual-diagnosis group showed that the schizophrenia-first, OCD-first, and simultaneously diagnosed groups had higher odds for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, and OCD (range of OR 1.64-6.45) in their parents than the control group; the simultaneously diagnosed and OCD-first diagnosed groups had a higher odds of parental substance use disorder, while the schizophrenia-first diagnosed group had a higher odds of parental alcohol use disorder. The interrelationship between OCD and schizophrenia is linked to bipolar disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and substance use disorder. The results have implications for mental health policy and future research.

精神分裂症与强迫症(OCD)的合并率很高;这两种疾病有许多共同的病理生理病因。因此,我们研究了患有精神分裂症、强迫症或同时患有这两种疾病的原告父母患精神障碍的风险。2001 年至 2011 年间,我们在全国范围内招募了 69,813 名精神分裂症、强迫症或同时患有这两种疾病的患者。对照组包括 698,130 名人口统计学特征匹配的个体。我们采用泊松回归模型来研究其父母患六种精神疾病的风险,包括精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁障碍、强迫症、酒精使用障碍和药物使用障碍。我们将患者分为单纯精神分裂症组、单纯强迫症组和双重诊断组,并将双重诊断组进一步分为精神分裂症首发组、强迫症首发组和同时诊断组。与对照组相比,精神分裂症组、强迫症组和双重诊断组的父母患六种精神障碍的风险较高(几率比[OR]范围为 1.50-7.83)。对双重诊断组的子分析表明,与对照组相比,精神分裂症首发组、强迫症首发组和同时诊断组的父母患精神分裂症、双相情感障碍、抑郁障碍和强迫症的几率更高(OR 范围为 1.64-6.45);同时诊断组和强迫症首发组的父母患药物使用障碍的几率更高,而精神分裂症首发组的父母患酒精使用障碍的几率更高。强迫症和精神分裂症之间的相互关系与躁郁症、抑郁症、酒精使用障碍和药物使用障碍有关。研究结果对心理健康政策和未来研究具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 0
Sexually transmitted infection and teenage pregnancy in adolescents having parents with schizophrenia: a retrospective cohort study of 64,350 participants. 父母患有精神分裂症的青少年的性传播感染与少女怀孕:一项对 64,350 名参与者进行的回顾性队列研究。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02470-2
Ju-Wei Hsu, Li-Chi Chen, Kai-Lin Huang, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ya-Mei Bai, Tung-Ping Su, Tzeng-Ji Chen, Mu-Hong Chen

Background: The risks of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and teenage pregnancy in the offspring of parents with schizophrenia remain unknown.

Methods: From the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, 5,850 individuals born between 1980 and 1999 having any parent with schizophrenia and 58,500 age-, sex-, income- and residence-matched controls without parents with severe mental disorders were enrolled in 1996 or on their birthdate and followed up to the end of 2011. Those who contracted any STI or became pregnant in adolescence during the follow-up period were identified.

Results: Cox regression analyses demonstrated that offspring of parents with schizophrenia (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.44), especially daughters (HR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.06-1.58), were more likely to contract any STI later in life than the control comparisons. In addition, daughters of parents with schizophrenia had an elevated risk of being pregnant in their adolescence (HR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.29-1.67) compared with those having no parents with severe mental disorders.

Discussion: The positive relationship between parental schizophrenia and offspring STIs and teenage pregnancy necessitates clinicians and public health officers to closely monitor the sexual health in the offspring of parents with schizophrenia so that optimal and prompt preventive measures can be taken in the at-risk group.

背景:父母均为精神分裂症患者的后代发生性传播感染(STI)和少女怀孕的风险仍然未知:方法:从台湾国民健康保险研究数据库中选取了5,850名出生于1980年至1999年间、父母任何一方患有精神分裂症的患者,以及58,500名年龄、性别、收入和居住地匹配的、父母均未患有严重精神障碍的对照组患者,于1996年或其出生日期时进行登记,并随访至2011年底。结果显示,Cox 回归分析表明,父母患有严重精神障碍的儿童在青春期感染性传播疾病或怀孕:Cox回归分析表明,与对照组相比,父母患有精神分裂症的后代(危险比[HR]:1.21,95%置信区间[CI]:1.02-1.44),尤其是女儿(HR:1.30,95%置信区间[CI]:1.06-1.58)更有可能在以后的生活中感染任何性传播疾病。此外,与父母均无严重精神障碍的女儿相比,父母患有精神分裂症的女儿在青春期怀孕的风险更高(HR:1.47,95% CI:1.29-1.67):讨论:父母精神分裂症与后代性传播疾病和少女怀孕之间的正相关关系要求临床医生和公共卫生官员密切监测父母患有精神分裂症的后代的性健康情况,以便对高危人群采取最佳和及时的预防措施。
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引用次数: 0
Emotional problems across development: examining measurement invariance across childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. 跨越发展期的情绪问题:研究童年、青春期和成年早期的测量不一致性。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02461-3
Lucy Riglin, Charlotte Dennison, Joanna Martin, Foteini Tseliou, Jessica M Armitage, Amy Shakeshaft, Jon Heron, Kate Tilling, Anita Thapar, Stephan Collishaw

Emotional problems (anxiety, depression) are prevalent in children, adolescents and young adults with varying ages at onset. Studying developmental changes in emotional problems requires repeated assessments using the same or equivalent measures. The parent-rated Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire is commonly used to assess emotional problems in childhood and adolescence, but there is limited research about whether it captures a similar construct across these developmental periods. Our study addressed this by investigating measurement invariance in the scales' emotional problems subscale (SDQ-EP) across childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. Data from two UK population cohorts were utilised: the Millennium Cohort Study (ages 3-17 years) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (4-25 years). In both samples we observed weak (metric) measurement invariance by age, suggesting that the parent-rated SDQ-EP items contribute to the underlying construct of emotional problems similarly across age. This supports the validity of using the subscale to rank participants on their levels of emotional problems in childhood, adolescence and early adulthood. However strong (scalar) measurement invariance was not observed, suggesting that the same score may correspond to different levels of emotional problems across developmental periods. Comparisons of mean parent-rated SDQ-EP scores across age may therefore not be valid.

情绪问题(焦虑、抑郁)在儿童、青少年和年轻成人中普遍存在,发病年龄各不相同。研究情绪问题的发展变化需要使用相同或等效的测量方法进行重复评估。家长评定的优势与困难问卷通常用于评估儿童和青少年的情绪问题,但关于该问卷是否能在这些发展时期捕捉到相似的结构的研究却很有限。我们的研究通过调查该量表的情绪问题子量表(SDQ-EP)在儿童期、青春期和成年早期的测量不变性来解决这一问题。我们使用了两个英国人口队列的数据:千年队列研究(3-17 岁)和雅芳父母与子女纵向研究(4-25 岁)。在这两个样本中,我们都观察到了不同年龄段的微弱(度量)测量不变量,这表明由家长评分的 SDQ-EP 项目在不同年龄段对情绪问题的基本结构有着相似的贡献。这支持了使用该子量表对参与者在童年、青春期和成年早期的情绪问题水平进行排序的有效性。然而,我们并没有观察到较强的(标度)测量不变性,这表明相同的分数可能对应于不同发展时期的不同情绪问题水平。因此,比较不同年龄段家长评定的 SDQ-EP 平均分可能是无效的。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review of the psychometric properties of tools for measuring depression in youths with intellectual disability. 对智障青少年抑郁测量工具的心理测量特性进行系统回顾。
IF 6 2区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-12-01 Epub Date: 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02405-x
Xavier Benarous, Sandy Walesa, Jean-Marc Guilé, Cora Cravero, Angèle Consoli, David Cohen, Héloïse Young, Real Labelle, Hélène Lahaye

While youths with intellectual disability (ID) have increased vulnerability for depressive disorders, cognitive problems and combined functional barriers make them less prone to receive adequate treatments. A systematic review of the literature was conducted (PROSPERO Registration number: CRD42022347703) based on several databases from 1980 to 2022 to examine the quality of tools for measuring depression in children and adolescents with ID. The COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments) checklist was used to assess several psychometric domains. Twelve studies evaluated the properties of six tools for measuring depression in youths with ID. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Intellectual Disability (CESD-ID) was the only scale with at least five domains of psychometric properties assessed to have strong or moderate evidence. Based on the reviewed findings, tools specifically developed for populations with developmental disabilities should be considered first in order to screen depression in youths with ID. Much work is required to confirm their validity in clinical samples with patients with a complex form of developmental disabilities. As a complement to self- and caregivers-report questionnaires, clinician rating scales were considered useful to catch the full picture of depression in youths with ID, in particular associated behavioral expressions. Their validity received little scrutiny and certainly deserve more attention to improve care practice of youths with ID.

智障(ID)青少年更容易患上抑郁症,而认知问题和综合功能障碍使他们更不容易接受适当的治疗。为了研究智障儿童和青少年抑郁测量工具的质量,我们基于 1980 年至 2022 年的多个数据库对文献进行了系统性回顾(PROSPERO 注册编号:CRD42022347703)。COSMIN(基于共识的健康状况测量工具选择标准)核对表用于评估多个心理测量领域。12 项研究评估了六种测量智障青少年抑郁的工具的特性。流行病学研究中心抑郁量表-智障(CESD-ID)是唯一一个至少有五个心理测量学特性领域被评估为具有较强或中等证据的量表。根据审查结果,在筛查智障青少年抑郁症时,应首先考虑专门为发育障碍人群开发的工具。要在临床样本中证实这些工具对复杂发育障碍患者的有效性,还需要做大量的工作。作为对自我和照顾者报告问卷的补充,临床医生评分量表被认为有助于全面了解智障青少年的抑郁情况,尤其是相关的行为表现。这些量表的有效性很少受到关注,当然值得更多关注,以改善智障青少年的护理实践。
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European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
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