Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323602998
N. A. Evstegneeva, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. N. Timoshenko, T. V. Minnikova, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev
Abstract
Thallium ecotoxicity was assessed in laboratory model experiments by changing in microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic properties of soils in the South of Russia: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic)), seropesok (Eutric Arenosol), and slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol), differing in texture, pH, and organic matter content. There was usually a direct relationship between Tl concentration and the deterioration rate of the studied soil properties. The ecotoxicity of Tl nitrate was higher as compared to Tl oxide. The ecotoxic effect of Tl was the strongest for chernozem and seropesok within 10 days and for brown forest soil within 30 days after contamination. Restoration of biological soil properties was recorded on the 90th day. The resistance to Tl contamination was the greatest for ordinary chernozem and the smallest for seropesok. The results obtained indicate a high ecotoxicity of Tl.
{"title":"Assessment of Thallium Ecotoxicity by Biological Properties of Soils","authors":"N. A. Evstegneeva, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. N. Timoshenko, T. V. Minnikova, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602998","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Thallium ecotoxicity was assessed in laboratory model experiments by changing in microbiological, biochemical, and phytotoxic properties of soils in the South of Russia: ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem (Loamic)), seropesok (Eutric Arenosol), and slightly unsaturated brown forest soil (Eutric Cambisol), differing in texture, pH, and organic matter content. There was usually a direct relationship between Tl concentration and the deterioration rate of the studied soil properties. The ecotoxicity of Tl nitrate was higher as compared to Tl oxide. The ecotoxic effect of Tl was the strongest for chernozem and seropesok within 10 days and for brown forest soil within 30 days after contamination. Restoration of biological soil properties was recorded on the 90th day. The resistance to Tl contamination was the greatest for ordinary chernozem and the smallest for seropesok. The results obtained indicate a high ecotoxicity of Tl.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603062
I. N. Semenkov, S. A. Lednev, G. V. Klink, D. P. Kasymov, M. V. Agafontsev, S. N. Kostrova, T. V. Koroleva
Abstract
Influence of spring grass fires on the properties of the upper humus horizon of migrational–mycellary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) has been studied by the example of soils at the Basic Experimental Complex, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk). A total of 56 samples (5–14 replicates) were collected at the plots burned two months ago, 1, 2, 3, and 11 years ago. A considerably high stability of the controlled soil properties (cation–anion composition of water extract, content of grain-size fractions and mobile compounds of a wide range of elements, total C and N, organic carbon, pH value, basicity of ({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })) under pyrogenic impact of spring grass fires has been found. The content of mobile Ca, Mg and Sr, as well as water-soluble Mg2+ and basicity of ({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - }) appear to be informative parameters reflecting a significant pyrogenic impact over the past 11 years. Their content is higher in the soils at recently (0–3 years ago) burnt plots as compared to old-burnt (11 years ago) and unburnt plots. Among the studied parameters, the pH value, the content of mobile Ba and Sr, and the content of grain-size fractions 1–5, 5–10, and 10–50 µm show a low variation coefficient (mainly <20% in all studied subsets of samples); whereas the content of water-soluble ammonium and mobile Li and Zn manifest a high variation coefficient (>70%).
{"title":"Influence of Spring Burns on the Properties of Humus Horizon of Chernozem in the Southeast of Western Siberia","authors":"I. N. Semenkov, S. A. Lednev, G. V. Klink, D. P. Kasymov, M. V. Agafontsev, S. N. Kostrova, T. V. Koroleva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603062","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Influence of spring grass fires on the properties of the upper humus horizon of migrational–mycellary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) has been studied by the example of soils at the Basic Experimental Complex, Institute of Atmospheric Optics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk). A total of 56 samples (5–14 replicates) were collected at the plots burned two months ago, 1, 2, 3, and 11 years ago. A considerably high stability of the controlled soil properties (cation–anion composition of water extract, content of grain-size fractions and mobile compounds of a wide range of elements, total C and N, organic carbon, pH value, basicity of <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span>) under pyrogenic impact of spring grass fires has been found. The content of mobile Ca, Mg and Sr, as well as water-soluble Mg<sup>2+</sup> and basicity of <span>({text{HCO}}_{3}^{ - })</span> appear to be informative parameters reflecting a significant pyrogenic impact over the past 11 years. Their content is higher in the soils at recently (0–3 years ago) burnt plots as compared to old-burnt (11 years ago) and unburnt plots. Among the studied parameters, the pH value, the content of mobile Ba and Sr, and the content of grain-size fractions 1–5, 5–10, and 10–50 µm show a low variation coefficient (mainly <20% in all studied subsets of samples); whereas the content of water-soluble ammonium and mobile Li and Zn manifest a high variation coefficient (>70%).</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603104
E. V. Shamrikova, E. V. Vanchikova, E. V. Kyzyurova, E. V. Zhangurov
Abstract
In the world practice, the organic carbon content (Corg) in the soils containing carbonates is measured in different ways. We have analyzed the methods for solving this problem including the state-of-the-art approaches, such as thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy. As is shown, the presence of CaCO3 does not prevent the Corg measurement with dichromatometric method (Tyurin and Walkley–Black variants). The disadvantages of this method comprise the laborious analysis, constant presence of operator, incomplete oxidation of organic compounds, and environmental pollution. The measurement of soil weight loss-on-ignition (LOI) is economical and rapid but overestimates Corg content because of inadequacy of the conversion factor of 1.724, the presence of adsorbed and chemically bound water, as well as mineral components decomposing at T = 105–550°C. The most relevant solution for assaying the Corg content in carbonate soils is to use an analyzer and a calcimeter although the accuracy of Corg measurements in the presence of carbonates is significantly reduced because the errors of two methods are quadratically summed. A high cost of the device, maintenance, verification, and repair limit its widespread use in soil laboratories. The content of soil carbonates can be measured using both gravimetric (LOI) and volumetric (calcimeter) methods. The latter method is preferable for the soils with the prevalence of CaCO3 in carbonates. The preliminary removal of carbonates from soil samples is labor-intensive and can cause a partial loss of Corg via acid extraction. A high cost of the instruments and the absence of the libraries of soil spectra hinder the development of Vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy as an alternative to wet chemistry methods. Further comparative studies will give a deeper insight into the spatial patterns in the distribution of soil organic carbon.
{"title":"Methods for Measuring Organic Carbon Content in Carbonate-Containing Soils: A Review","authors":"E. V. Shamrikova, E. V. Vanchikova, E. V. Kyzyurova, E. V. Zhangurov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603104","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In the world practice, the organic carbon content (C<sub>org</sub>) in the soils containing carbonates is measured in different ways. We have analyzed the methods for solving this problem including the state-of-the-art approaches, such as thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and spectroscopy. As is shown, the presence of CaCO<sub>3</sub> does not prevent the C<sub>org</sub> measurement with dichromatometric method (Tyurin and Walkley–Black variants). The disadvantages of this method comprise the laborious analysis, constant presence of operator, incomplete oxidation of organic compounds, and environmental pollution. The measurement of soil weight loss-on-ignition (LOI) is economical and rapid but overestimates C<sub>org</sub> content because of inadequacy of the conversion factor of 1.724, the presence of adsorbed and chemically bound water, as well as mineral components decomposing at <i>T</i> = 105–550°C. The most relevant solution for assaying the C<sub>org</sub> content in carbonate soils is to use an analyzer and a calcimeter although the accuracy of C<sub>org</sub> measurements in the presence of carbonates is significantly reduced because the errors of two methods are quadratically summed. A high cost of the device, maintenance, verification, and repair limit its widespread use in soil laboratories. The content of soil carbonates can be measured using both gravimetric (LOI) and volumetric (calcimeter) methods. The latter method is preferable for the soils with the prevalence of CaCO<sub>3</sub> in carbonates. The preliminary removal of carbonates from soil samples is labor-intensive and can cause a partial loss of C<sub>org</sub> via acid extraction. A high cost of the instruments and the absence of the libraries of soil spectra hinder the development of Vis-NIR and MIR spectroscopy as an alternative to wet chemistry methods. Further comparative studies will give a deeper insight into the spatial patterns in the distribution of soil organic carbon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603128
I. A. Likhanova, E. G. Kuznetsova, Yu. V. Kholopov, S. V. Deneva, E. M. Lapteva
Abstract
The formation of soils on loamy deposits during the primary succession of vegetation after biological reclamation of a technogenically disturbed area (quarry) in the middle taiga subzone of the northeast of European Russia (Komi Republic) is considered. The planting of Picea obovata on the reclaimed area activates the formation of the tree layer and helps to accelerate pedogenetic processes. In drained conditions, by the beginning of the third decade of succession, litter horizons were formed, soil bulk density in the upper mineral horizons decreased, and a tendency towards redistribution and differentiation of the clay fraction and iron and aluminum compounds in the soil profile was noted. The latter may indicate the beginning of eluviation. The heterogeneity of the quarry surface (presence of highs and lows with a height difference of up to 2–6 m) contributes to the redistribution of moisture within the quarry and the appearance of areas with surface waterlogging. Under these conditions, the role of conservation of organic residues (peat formation) is enhanced, and gleyzation processes are activated. With an increase in the degree of surface waterlogging of soils, the soil acidity and the stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen increase, which is typical for an analogous series of background soils. The calculated rate of organic carbon accumulation in the soil layer of 0–20 cm in drained soils of the quarry is about 0.4 t/ha per year. In the waterlogged soils, it increases to 1.0–1.2 t/ha per year. The stocks of organic carbon in the upper 20 cm of the profile of young soils remain two–four times lower in comparison with the background native soils.
{"title":"Soil Formation on Loamy Deposits in Technogenic Landscapes of the Taiga Zone in the Northeast of the European Part of Russia","authors":"I. A. Likhanova, E. G. Kuznetsova, Yu. V. Kholopov, S. V. Deneva, E. M. Lapteva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603128","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The formation of soils on loamy deposits during the primary succession of vegetation after biological reclamation of a technogenically disturbed area (quarry) in the middle taiga subzone of the northeast of European Russia (Komi Republic) is considered. The planting of <i>Picea obovata</i> on the reclaimed area activates the formation of the tree layer and helps to accelerate pedogenetic processes. In drained conditions, by the beginning of the third decade of succession, litter horizons were formed, soil bulk density in the upper mineral horizons decreased, and a tendency towards redistribution and differentiation of the clay fraction and iron and aluminum compounds in the soil profile was noted. The latter may indicate the beginning of eluviation. The heterogeneity of the quarry surface (presence of highs and lows with a height difference of up to 2–6 m) contributes to the redistribution of moisture within the quarry and the appearance of areas with surface waterlogging. Under these conditions, the role of conservation of organic residues (peat formation) is enhanced, and gleyzation processes are activated. With an increase in the degree of surface waterlogging of soils, the soil acidity and the stocks of soil carbon and nitrogen increase, which is typical for an analogous series of background soils. The calculated rate of organic carbon accumulation in the soil layer of 0–20 cm in drained soils of the quarry is about 0.4 t/ha per year. In the waterlogged soils, it increases to 1.0–1.2 t/ha per year. The stocks of organic carbon in the upper 20 cm of the profile of young soils remain two–four times lower in comparison with the background native soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603037
T. V. Minnikova, S. I. Kolesnikov, N. A. Evstegneeva, A. N. Timoshenko, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev
Abstract
Enzymatic activity of soils is the most important diagnostic indicator of the ecological state of soils affected by various types of anthropogenic impact. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl. Ten enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, ferrireductase, protease, phosphatase, invertase, and urease) were analyzed. According to the degree of inhibition of enzymes, heavy metals formed the following sequence: Tl > Ag > Bi > Te. With an increase in the concentration of heavy metals, the toxic effect on the activity of enzymes increased. The oxidoreductases showed greater sensitivity to Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl contamination than hydrolases. Among oxidoreductases, the highest sensitivity was found for ferrireductase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. According to the activity of enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and urease was the least sensitive. When contaminated with Ag, Bi, and Te, invertase had the highest informative value, and when contaminated with Tl, urease and polyphenol oxidase were the most informative. Among the enzymes of the oxidoreductase class, the highest information value was found for peroxidase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. Among the enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and phosphatase was the least sensitive. The results of the study can be used to assess the ecological state of soils contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te and Tl.
摘要 土壤酶活性是反映受各种人为影响的土壤生态状况的最重要的诊断指标。本研究旨在评估受 Ag、Bi、Te 和 Tl 污染的普通切尔诺泽姆（Haplic Chernozem）的酶活性。研究分析了十种酶（过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、抗坏血酸氧化酶、铁还原酶、蛋白酶、磷酸酶、转化酶和脲酶）。根据对酶的抑制程度，重金属形成了以下序列：Tl > Ag > Bi > Te。随着重金属浓度的增加，对酶活性的毒性作用也随之增加。与水解酶相比，氧化还原酶对 Ag、Bi、Te 和 Tl 污染的敏感性更高。在氧化还原酶中，铁还原酶的敏感性最高，抗坏血酸氧化酶的敏感性最低。根据水解酶类的活性，转化酶最敏感，脲酶最不敏感。当受到 Ag、Bi 和 Te 污染时，转化酶的信息值最高，而当受到 Tl 污染时，脲酶和多酚氧化酶的信息值最高。在氧化还原酶类的酶中，过氧化物酶的信息值最高，抗坏血酸氧化酶的信息值最低。在水解酶类的酶中，转化酶最敏感，磷酸酶最不敏感。研究结果可用于评估受 Ag、Bi、Te 和 Tl 污染的土壤的生态状况。
{"title":"Assessment of Enzymatic Activity of Haplic Chernozem Contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl","authors":"T. V. Minnikova, S. I. Kolesnikov, N. A. Evstegneeva, A. N. Timoshenko, N. I. Tsepina, K. Sh. Kazeev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603037","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Enzymatic activity of soils is the most important diagnostic indicator of the ecological state of soils affected by various types of anthropogenic impact. The aim of the study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem (Haplic Chernozem) contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl. Ten enzymes (catalase, dehydrogenase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbate oxidase, ferrireductase, protease, phosphatase, invertase, and urease) were analyzed. According to the degree of inhibition of enzymes, heavy metals formed the following sequence: Tl > Ag > Bi > Te. With an increase in the concentration of heavy metals, the toxic effect on the activity of enzymes increased. The oxidoreductases showed greater sensitivity to Ag, Bi, Te, and Tl contamination than hydrolases. Among oxidoreductases, the highest sensitivity was found for ferrireductase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. According to the activity of enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and urease was the least sensitive. When contaminated with Ag, Bi, and Te, invertase had the highest informative value, and when contaminated with Tl, urease and polyphenol oxidase were the most informative. Among the enzymes of the oxidoreductase class, the highest information value was found for peroxidase, and the lowest one for ascorbate oxidase. Among the enzymes of the hydrolase class, invertase was the most sensitive, and phosphatase was the least sensitive. The results of the study can be used to assess the ecological state of soils contaminated with Ag, Bi, Te and Tl.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603141
A. A. Titlyanova, E. K. Vishnyakova, E. N. Smolentseva
Abstract
The changes in net primary production—aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP), and total (NPP)—are considered for meadow, true, and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are found between 36° and 116° E, 47° and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes has been determined for different landscape positions: from the mountaintop to the bottom of intermontane depression. The ANP value in meadow steppes changes eastward from 10.2 to 3.1 t/ha per year; in true steppes, from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The latter are controlled by a set of factors, including the topographic position of ecosystem, which determines different soil moistening. The general trend of the eastward decrease in the ANP value is often disturbed both in meadow steppes and true steppes. In some cases, ANP increases rather than decreases in a series of meadow steppes, which is explained by certain changes in soil conditions. The first increase in ANP from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 (73° E) t/ha per year occurs with the replacement of Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic) resulting from additional soil moistening. The second increase from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 (90° E) t/ha per year is related to the change from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). Three increases in ANP are observed in true steppes, namely, when (1) Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) is replaced by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic); (2) Haplic Solonetz (Loamic), by Calcic Chernozem (Loamic); and (3) Mollic Leptosol (Siltic), by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The BNP value in the upper 30‑cm-thick soil layer of meadow and true steppes generally decreases eastward from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year without any evident regular pattern. In Tyva with its different relief, the ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7 t/ha per year and BNP, from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, not only air temperature and precipitation determine the ANP value in grass ecosystems but also the soil properties, such as soil structure, Corg content, nutrients, and water availability.
{"title":"Net Primary Production of Steppe Ecosystems and the Reasons Underlying Its Spatial Variation","authors":"A. A. Titlyanova, E. K. Vishnyakova, E. N. Smolentseva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603141","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The changes in net primary production—aboveground (ANP), belowground (BNP), and total (NPP)—are considered for meadow, true, and dry steppes. The investigated meadow and true steppes are found between 36° and 116° E, 47° and 56° N. In Tyva, the production of dry steppes has been determined for different landscape positions: from the mountaintop to the bottom of intermontane depression. The ANP value in meadow steppes changes eastward from 10.2 to 3.1 t/ha per year; in true steppes, from 5.8 to 0.7 t/ha per year and depends on many factors, such as air temperature, precipitation, and soil properties. The latter are controlled by a set of factors, including the topographic position of ecosystem, which determines different soil moistening. The general trend of the eastward decrease in the ANP value is often disturbed both in meadow steppes and true steppes. In some cases, ANP increases rather than decreases in a series of meadow steppes, which is explained by certain changes in soil conditions. The first increase in ANP from 4.8 (63° E) to 6.1 (73° E) t/ha per year occurs with the replacement of Luvic Chernozem (Loamic) by Inclinigleyic Chernozem (Loamic) resulting from additional soil moistening. The second increase from 3.6 (75° E) to 6.6 (90° E) t/ha per year is related to the change from Tonguic Chernozem (Siltic) to Haplic Chernozem (Siltic, Pachic). Three increases in ANP are observed in true steppes, namely, when (1) Skeletic Kastanozem (Siltic) is replaced by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic); (2) Haplic Solonetz (Loamic), by Calcic Chernozem (Loamic); and (3) Mollic Leptosol (Siltic), by Calcic Chernozem (Siltic). The BNP value in the upper 30‑cm-thick soil layer of meadow and true steppes generally decreases eastward from 26.8 to 7.7 t/ha per year without any evident regular pattern. In Tyva with its different relief, the ANP of dry steppes varies from 3.7 to 1.7 t/ha per year and BNP, from 27.0 to 8.7 t/ha per year. Consequently, not only air temperature and precipitation determine the ANP value in grass ecosystems but also the soil properties, such as soil structure, C<sub>org</sub> content, nutrients, and water availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1134/s106422932360286x
V. B. Pridacha, G. V. Akhmetova, D. E. Semin
Abstract
This paper presents the results of studies on soil carbon stock dynamics, CO2 emission, and soil microbial respiration during post-industrial succession upon reforestation of a sand–gravel quarry in southern Karelia. In July 2021 and 2022, soils in the areas with different reforestation practices were studied. In 1991, one-year-old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings were planted on the plots with (1) sandy–gravelly mineral soil (sample plots SP 1 and SP 2) and (2) soil with added peat (SP 3). Native podburs (Entic Podzols) under undisturbed lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) were used as the control. We determined the total (organic) carbon, the microbial activity (using the basal and substrate-induced respiration methods in laboratory), and the CO2 emission from the soil surface (in the field). The assessment of the properties of post-industrial soils indicated that the studied parameters in replantozem on SP 3 were close to those in the podzolized podbur on SP 4, which attested to a positive effect of peat-enriched substrate on the soil and plant recovery in the abandoned quarry. Considerably higher values of carbon stocks (by 6–10 times) and CO2 fluxes (by 2–4 times) in the replantozem (Umbric Leptosols (Novic)) on SP 3 in comparison with psammozems (Skeletic Leptosols) on SP 1 and SP 2 were due to intensive organic matter accumulation and the application of peat substrate rich in nutrients and plant diaspores during planting. Soil carbon stocks, CO2 emission, microbial activity, and stand productivity at SP 1 and SP 2 were lower than those at SP 3 and SP 4. To make more accurate predictions of the dynamics of the analyzed parameters of disturbed soils, it is necessary to take into account their spatial and temporal variability.
{"title":"Effect of Forest Reclamation on Carbon Stocks and Respiration of Soils of Natural and Technogenic Ecosystems of Southern Karelia","authors":"V. B. Pridacha, G. V. Akhmetova, D. E. Semin","doi":"10.1134/s106422932360286x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932360286x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>This paper presents the results of studies on soil carbon stock dynamics, CO<sub>2</sub> emission, and soil microbial respiration during post-industrial succession upon reforestation of a sand–gravel quarry in southern Karelia. In July 2021 and 2022, soils in the areas with different reforestation practices were studied. In 1991, one-year-old Scots pine (<i>Pinus sylvestris</i> L.) seedlings were planted on the plots with (1) sandy–gravelly mineral soil (sample plots SP 1 and SP 2) and (2) soil with added peat (SP 3). Native podburs (Entic Podzols) under undisturbed lingonberry pine forest (SP 4) were used as the control. We determined the total (organic) carbon, the microbial activity (using the basal and substrate-induced respiration methods in laboratory), and the CO<sub>2</sub> emission from the soil surface (in the field). The assessment of the properties of post-industrial soils indicated that the studied parameters in replantozem on SP 3 were close to those in the podzolized podbur on SP 4, which attested to a positive effect of peat-enriched substrate on the soil and plant recovery in the abandoned quarry. Considerably higher values of carbon stocks (by 6–10 times) and CO<sub>2</sub> fluxes (by 2–4 times) in the replantozem (Umbric Leptosols (Novic)) on SP 3 in comparison with psammozems (Skeletic Leptosols) on SP 1 and SP 2 were due to intensive organic matter accumulation and the application of peat substrate rich in nutrients and plant diaspores during planting. Soil carbon stocks, CO<sub>2</sub> emission, microbial activity, and stand productivity at SP 1 and SP 2 were lower than those at SP 3 and SP 4. To make more accurate predictions of the dynamics of the analyzed parameters of disturbed soils, it is necessary to take into account their spatial and temporal variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323602925
K. S. Dushchanova, P. A. Ukrainskiy, N. N. Kashirskaya, T. E. Khomutova, A. V. Borisov
Abstract
The biomass and functional diversity of microbial communities were studied in the watershed, transit, and accumulative positions in catenas composed of reserved gray soils (Luvic Retic Phaeozems) and chernozems (Haplic Chernozems) of the Belogorye Nature Reserve and arable variants outside the reserve. Microbial biomass was determined by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and the content of phospholipids. Multisubstrate testing of respiratory responses was carried out in the MicroResp system after the addition of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. It was found that microbial biomass decreased in the reserved chernozem from the watershed towards the accumulative part of the slope; minimal values in the gray soil were recorded in the transit part of the catena. It was close in the plowed horizon of agrochernozems in all parts of the catena and 2–3.5 times less than in reserved chernozems. An increase in microbial biomass was recorded in the agrogray soils of the transit and accumulative parts of the catena. Cluster analysis of respiratory responses in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers identified two groups of the most demanded substrates. The first group in both layers included citric and ketoglutaric acids, the second group included fructose and succinic acid. Ascorbic acid, sucrose, and glutamine were included in the first group in the 0–10 cm layer and in the second group (along with asparagine and glycine) in the 10–20 cm layer. An increase in metabolic diversity was observed from the watershed to the accumulative position of the catena in all reserved and arable catenas. At the same time, plowing led to its decrease in the 0–10 cm layer: up to 1.5 times in chernozems and up to 4 times in gray soils. In the 10–20 cm layer, similar trend was observed, except for the agrogray soil in the transit part of the catena, where the number of significant responses increased 3.6 times in comparison with the reserved variant.
{"title":"Biomass and Functional Diversity of Microbial Communities in Catenas of Reserved and Arable Gray Soils and Chernozems","authors":"K. S. Dushchanova, P. A. Ukrainskiy, N. N. Kashirskaya, T. E. Khomutova, A. V. Borisov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602925","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The biomass and functional diversity of microbial communities were studied in the watershed, transit, and accumulative positions in catenas composed of reserved gray soils (Luvic Retic Phaeozems) and chernozems (Haplic Chernozems) of the Belogorye Nature Reserve and arable variants outside the reserve. Microbial biomass was determined by the substrate-induced respiration (SIR) and the content of phospholipids. Multisubstrate testing of respiratory responses was carried out in the MicroResp system after the addition of amino acids, carboxylic acids, and carbohydrates. It was found that microbial biomass decreased in the reserved chernozem from the watershed towards the accumulative part of the slope; minimal values in the gray soil were recorded in the transit part of the catena. It was close in the plowed horizon of agrochernozems in all parts of the catena and 2–3.5 times less than in reserved chernozems. An increase in microbial biomass was recorded in the agrogray soils of the transit and accumulative parts of the catena. Cluster analysis of respiratory responses in the 0–10 and 10–20 cm layers identified two groups of the most demanded substrates. The first group in both layers included citric and ketoglutaric acids, the second group included fructose and succinic acid. Ascorbic acid, sucrose, and glutamine were included in the first group in the 0–10 cm layer and in the second group (along with asparagine and glycine) in the 10–20 cm layer. An increase in metabolic diversity was observed from the watershed to the accumulative position of the catena in all reserved and arable catenas. At the same time, plowing led to its decrease in the 0–10 cm layer: up to 1.5 times in chernozems and up to 4 times in gray soils. In the 10–20 cm layer, similar trend was observed, except for the agrogray soil in the transit part of the catena, where the number of significant responses increased 3.6 times in comparison with the reserved variant.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323602755
O. Yu. Goncharova, M. V. Timofeeva, G. V. Matyshak, A. V. Isaeva
Abstract
Dissolved inorganic carbon is an essential component of the carbon cycle, especially in the northern regions; however, its loss through water bodies is still rarely included in regional carbon models. The tasks of the work comprise a detailed coverage of the methodological approach of “headspace equilibration” for assessing the concentration of dissolved CO2 in soil and surface waters and estimation of the CO2 concentration range in waters of different geneses in the landscapes of northern Western Siberia. The performed methodological work has allowed a headspace equilibration protocol for measuring the CO2 concentration in waters to be elaborated and described with detailed calculations. The CO2 concentration in soil (suprapermafrost) and surface waters (river, bog, lake, etc.) ranges from 13 to 2983 µmol/L (274 to 57 000 µatm), and the vast majority of objects are supersaturated with CO2 relative to the atmosphere. The maximum concentrations are characteristic of suprapermafrost soil and bog waters, and the minimum concentrations are in the waters of aquatic ecosystems (thermokarst and forest lakes). A high variability of CO2 concentrations in waters necessitates a large number of measurements to provide adequate estimates.
{"title":"Carbon Dioxide in Soil and Surface Waters in the North of Western Siberia: Methodological Approach and Quantitative Characteristics","authors":"O. Yu. Goncharova, M. V. Timofeeva, G. V. Matyshak, A. V. Isaeva","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602755","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Dissolved inorganic carbon is an essential component of the carbon cycle, especially in the northern regions; however, its loss through water bodies is still rarely included in regional carbon models. The tasks of the work comprise a detailed coverage of the methodological approach of “headspace equilibration” for assessing the concentration of dissolved CO<sub>2</sub> in soil and surface waters and estimation of the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration range in waters of different geneses in the landscapes of northern Western Siberia. The performed methodological work has allowed a headspace equilibration protocol for measuring the CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in waters to be elaborated and described with detailed calculations. The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in soil (suprapermafrost) and surface waters (river, bog, lake, etc.) ranges from 13 to 2983 µmol/L (274 to 57 000 µatm), and the vast majority of objects are supersaturated with CO<sub>2</sub> relative to the atmosphere. The maximum concentrations are characteristic of suprapermafrost soil and bog waters, and the minimum concentrations are in the waters of aquatic ecosystems (thermokarst and forest lakes). A high variability of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations in waters necessitates a large number of measurements to provide adequate estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-05DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323602834
V. V. Vilkova, K. Sh. Kazeev, M. S. Nizhelskiy, D. A. Privizentseva, A. N. Fedorenko, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. K. Shkhapatsev
Abstract
The results of studying the effect of fires on biological properties of cinnamonic soils of xerophytic forests (Skeletic Leptic Cambisol) of the Utrish State Nature Reserve, Krasnodar krai (crown fire of 2020), and burozem of mesophytic forests (Haplic Cambisol (Loamic)) of the Khamyshinsk forestry, Republic of Adygea (ground fire of 2018) are presented. Changes in the soil reaction, in the organic carbon content, and in the activity of enzymes: catalase, urease, phosphatase, and invertase involved in the cycle of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen have been studied. The reaction of enzymes to pyrogenic effects depends on the enzyme kind and the soil type. The factor analysis was also performed. The activity of catalase and invertase decreases by 47% on average for two soil types in the 0–3-cm-thick layer, while the reaction of phosphatase and urease depends on the soil type. Two years after the fire, the phosphatase activity in the surface layer of post-pyrogenic cinnamonic soils approached the control values; and the urease activity regenerated more slowly as compared to other enzymes. Four years after the fire, the values of urease activity in the 0–3-cm-thick layer of the post-pyrogenic acid burozem, on the contrary, approached the control values. An increase in pH by 30% on average and a decrease in the Corg content by 12% on average were also recorded for both two soil types. The mean activity of all the studied enzymes in the 3–10-cm-thick layer increased in cinnamonic soils and, on the contrary, decreased in acid burozem. The factor analysis showed a relationship between the soil reaction, the organic carbon content, and the activity of enzymes, and the strength and nature of relationships differed depending on the soil type. The results obtained testify to the effect of soil properties on the response of enzymatic activity to the pyrogenic impact.
{"title":"Influence of Fires on the Enzymatic Activity of Сinnamonic Soils and Burozems in the Western Caucasus","authors":"V. V. Vilkova, K. Sh. Kazeev, M. S. Nizhelskiy, D. A. Privizentseva, A. N. Fedorenko, S. I. Kolesnikov, A. K. Shkhapatsev","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602834","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The results of studying the effect of fires on biological properties of cinnamonic soils of xerophytic forests (Skeletic Leptic Cambisol) of the Utrish State Nature Reserve, Krasnodar krai (crown fire of 2020), and burozem of mesophytic forests (Haplic Cambisol (Loamic)) of the Khamyshinsk forestry, Republic of Adygea (ground fire of 2018) are presented. Changes in the soil reaction, in the organic carbon content, and in the activity of enzymes: catalase, urease, phosphatase, and invertase involved in the cycle of carbon, phosphorus, and nitrogen have been studied. The reaction of enzymes to pyrogenic effects depends on the enzyme kind and the soil type. The factor analysis was also performed. The activity of catalase and invertase decreases by 47% on average for two soil types in the 0–3-cm-thick layer, while the reaction of phosphatase and urease depends on the soil type. Two years after the fire, the phosphatase activity in the surface layer of post-pyrogenic cinnamonic soils approached the control values; and the urease activity regenerated more slowly as compared to other enzymes. Four years after the fire, the values of urease activity in the 0–3-cm-thick layer of the post-pyrogenic acid burozem, on the contrary, approached the control values. An increase in pH by 30% on average and a decrease in the C<sub>org</sub> content by 12% on average were also recorded for both two soil types. The mean activity of all the studied enzymes in the 3–10-cm-thick layer increased in cinnamonic soils and, on the contrary, decreased in acid burozem. The factor analysis showed a relationship between the soil reaction, the organic carbon content, and the activity of enzymes, and the strength and nature of relationships differed depending on the soil type. The results obtained testify to the effect of soil properties on the response of enzymatic activity to the pyrogenic impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140037922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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