Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603256
M. S. Nizhelskiy, K. Sh. Kazeev, V. V. Vilkova, A. N. Fedorenko, S. N. Sushkova, S. I. Kolesnikov
Abstract
Wildfires result in the emission of large volumes of toxic smoke, which is transported hundreds of kilometers away from the fires and can have an adverse impact on soil, biota, and humans. A series of modelling experiments on pyrogenic fumigation of soil has been carried out to assess the effects of gaseous products of wildfires on soil biochemical parameters. The effects of continuous exposure to gaseous substances and periodical, repetitive effects of smoke exposure on soil have been determined. The results have been compared with a single intense smoke exposure. It was found that pyrogenic impact significantly affected the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem. The degree of influence depended on the duration and periodicity of smoke exposure. In all experiments, enzymes of oxidoreductase class (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) were more sensitive to fumigation than invertase from hydrolase class. High concentrations of toxic gases were the cause of suppressed enzymatic activity of soils. The following concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for atmospheric air: CO 714 times, phenol (hydroxybenzene) 441 times, acetaldehyde 24100 times, formaldehyde 190 times. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil after fumigation was revealed, the total content of PAHs was 377 ng/g. The highest values were recorded for naphthalene, where the concentration was 4.4 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration and phenanthrene, 2.8 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. It has been found that 60-min intensive smoke affects the soil to a lesser extent than continuous and periodical ones. Indices of enzymatic activity of chernozem after such fumigation decreased by 15–33% depending on the enzyme, and after continuous and periodical by 41–84 and 31–78%, respectively. The obtained data indicated a significant effect of smoke on the enzymatic activity of soils under continuous and periodical exposure to gaseous products of combustion.
{"title":"Continuous and Periodical Effects of Smoke from Crop Residue Combustion on Soil Enzymatic Activity","authors":"M. S. Nizhelskiy, K. Sh. Kazeev, V. V. Vilkova, A. N. Fedorenko, S. N. Sushkova, S. I. Kolesnikov","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603256","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Wildfires result in the emission of large volumes of toxic smoke, which is transported hundreds of kilometers away from the fires and can have an adverse impact on soil, biota, and humans. A series of modelling experiments on pyrogenic fumigation of soil has been carried out to assess the effects of gaseous products of wildfires on soil biochemical parameters. The effects of continuous exposure to gaseous substances and periodical, repetitive effects of smoke exposure on soil have been determined. The results have been compared with a single intense smoke exposure. It was found that pyrogenic impact significantly affected the enzymatic activity of ordinary chernozem. The degree of influence depended on the duration and periodicity of smoke exposure. In all experiments, enzymes of oxidoreductase class (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase) were more sensitive to fumigation than invertase from hydrolase class. High concentrations of toxic gases were the cause of suppressed enzymatic activity of soils. The following concentrations exceeded the maximum permissible concentrations for atmospheric air: CO 714 times, phenol (hydroxybenzene) 441 times, acetaldehyde 24100 times, formaldehyde 190 times. Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil after fumigation was revealed, the total content of PAHs was 377 ng/g. The highest values were recorded for naphthalene, where the concentration was 4.4 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration and phenanthrene, 2.8 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration. It has been found that 60-min intensive smoke affects the soil to a lesser extent than continuous and periodical ones. Indices of enzymatic activity of chernozem after such fumigation decreased by 15–33% depending on the enzyme, and after continuous and periodical by 41–84 and 31–78%, respectively. The obtained data indicated a significant effect of smoke on the enzymatic activity of soils under continuous and periodical exposure to gaseous products of combustion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140610215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603232
A. V. Niyazova, D. V. Ilyasov, M. V. Glagolev, I. V. Kupriianova, A. A. Kaverin, A. F. Sabrekov, T. A. Novikova, A. V. Kaverina, I. V. Filippov, E. D. Lapshina
Abstract—
The response of soil respiration (Rsoil) to drought was studied for six typical oligotrophic mire biotopes in the middle taiga of Western Siberia: hollows with a dominance of Eriophorum vaginatum (hollow E) and Scheuchzeria palustris (hollow Sh), sphagnum bog with sparse low pine trees (open bog), and forested oligotrophic bogs (ryams) covered with dwarf shrub–pine–sphagnum vegetation (tall ryam and ryam). For this purpose, a regression model linking Rsoil with the level of bog water was constructed. Cumulative soil respiration (Rsoil(cum)) was measured in June–August 2021 and 2022. In the dry summer of 2022, Rsoil(cum) values increased from waterlogged (hollow E) to better drained (tall ryam and ryam) biotopes and comprised 135 ± 2.3, 139 ± 2.4, 275 ± 7.8, 279 ± 7.5, 466 ± 16.4, 510 ± 18.5 g C/(m2 season) for the considered sequence, respectively (mean ± standard deviation). An extremely low precipitation in July 2022 (6 mm) led to a sharp decrease in the water table level in August and an increase in the thickness of aerated zone with a corresponding increase in soil respiration. The Rsoil(cum) values in summer 2022 were 29 to 54% higher than those in the same period in 2021. The most active growth of Rsoil with a decrease in the water table level was observed at the periphery of the mire massif (tall ryam, ryam, and open bog biotopes) in contrast to its central parts.
{"title":"Soil Respiration under a Short-Term Drought on the Example of Typical West Siberian Middle-Taiga Mires","authors":"A. V. Niyazova, D. V. Ilyasov, M. V. Glagolev, I. V. Kupriianova, A. A. Kaverin, A. F. Sabrekov, T. A. Novikova, A. V. Kaverina, I. V. Filippov, E. D. Lapshina","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603232","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">\u0000<b>Abstract</b>—</h3><p>The response of soil respiration (<i>R</i><sub>soil</sub>) to drought was studied for six typical oligotrophic mire biotopes in the middle taiga of Western Siberia: hollows with a dominance of <i>Eriophorum vaginatum</i> (hollow E) and <i>Scheuchzeria palustris</i> (hollow Sh), sphagnum bog with sparse low pine trees (open bog), and forested oligotrophic bogs (ryams) covered with dwarf shrub–pine–sphagnum vegetation (tall ryam and ryam). For this purpose, a regression model linking <i>R</i><sub>soil</sub> with the level of bog water was constructed. Cumulative soil respiration (<i>R</i><sub>soil(cum)</sub>) was measured in June–August 2021 and 2022. In the dry summer of 2022, <i>R</i><sub>soil(cum)</sub> values increased from waterlogged (hollow E) to better drained (tall ryam and ryam) biotopes and comprised 135 ± 2.3, 139 ± 2.4, 275 ± 7.8, 279 ± 7.5, 466 ± 16.4, 510 ± 18.5 g C/(m<sup>2</sup> season) for the considered sequence, respectively (mean ± standard deviation). An extremely low precipitation in July 2022 (6 mm) led to a sharp decrease in the water table level in August and an increase in the thickness of aerated zone with a corresponding increase in soil respiration. The <i>R</i><sub>soil(cum)</sub> values in summer 2022 were 29 to 54% higher than those in the same period in 2021. The most active growth of <i>R</i><sub>soil</sub> with a decrease in the water table level was observed at the periphery of the mire massif (tall ryam, ryam, and open bog biotopes) in contrast to its central parts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140609992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The status of soil nutrient content is a fundamental factor affecting changes in soil quality, influencing the growth conditions and yield levels of crops. The practicality of combining visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) may give an alternative to soil physicochemical examination in the laboratory, which is laborious and contaminative. A total of 394 Ferralsols soil samples were gathered from navel orange orchards located in the province of Jiangxi, China. To enhance the spectrum information, the spectra were preprocessed using five different techniques, including lg(1/R), multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate), detrending and Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Four variable selection algorithms—competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, successive projections algorithm, random frog, and genetic algorithm – were combined with three multivariate methods—partial least squares regression, multiple linear regression, and least squares support vector machine. The most efficient strategy combines LSSVM calibration methods with GA and lg(1/R) preprocessing. It generates values for the determination coefficient of prediction, root mean square error of prediction, and residual predictive deviation that are as follows: 0.8948, 0.1597, and 3.0949, respectively, for SOM; and 0.9129, 0.0021, and 3.4014, respectively, for TN. The results indicate that this method can accurately determine the SOM and TN in agricultural land soil, facilitating the timely adjustment of soil management measures.
{"title":"Determination of Soil Organic Matter and Total Nitrogen from Visible Near-Infrared Spectroscopy by Multivariate Models and Variable Selection Techniques","authors":"Hailiang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Zailiang Chen, Chaoyong Xie, Baishao Zhan, Wei Luo, Xuemei Liu","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603505","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The status of soil nutrient content is a fundamental factor affecting changes in soil quality, influencing the growth conditions and yield levels of crops. The practicality of combining visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to evaluate soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN) may give an alternative to soil physicochemical examination in the laboratory, which is laborious and contaminative. A total of 394 Ferralsols soil samples were gathered from navel orange orchards located in the province of Jiangxi, China. To enhance the spectrum information, the spectra were preprocessed using five different techniques, including lg(1/<i>R</i>), multiplicative scatter correction, standard normal variate), detrending and Savitzky-Golay smoothing. Four variable selection algorithms—competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, successive projections algorithm, random frog, and genetic algorithm – were combined with three multivariate methods—partial least squares regression, multiple linear regression, and least squares support vector machine. The most efficient strategy combines LSSVM calibration methods with GA and lg(1/<i>R</i>) preprocessing. It generates values for the determination coefficient of prediction, root mean square error of prediction, and residual predictive deviation that are as follows: 0.8948, 0.1597, and 3.0949, respectively, for SOM; and 0.9129, 0.0021, and 3.4014, respectively, for TN. The results indicate that this method can accurately determine the SOM and TN in agricultural land soil, facilitating the timely adjustment of soil management measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140580952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603281
R. G. de Almeida, M. C. C. Campos, D. M. P. da Silva, R. V. dos Santos, A. F. L. de Lima, R. F. da Silva Souza, F. A. Bezerra, W. O. Araújo, F. P. de Oliveira
Abstract
The objective was, therefore, to evaluate the impact on organic carbon and the formation of soil aggregates in areas of natural vegetation converted into pastures in southern Amazonas. The research was carried out in seven areas in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil, five of which were pastureland, one native forest, and one natural field. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm in the seven study areas and analyzed for aggregate stability, soil density, soil organic carbon, and the calculated soil organic carbon stock. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were then carried out. Conversion from forest to pasture had a negative impact on percentage of aggregates >2 mm, soil density, concentration and stock of soil organic carbon. Organic carbon correlates positively with percentage of aggregates >2 mm, geometric mean diameter and weighted mean diameter, and negatively with soil density. Aggregate stability influences carbon sequestration in the pasture and forest areas studied, but has no influence in the natural grassland environment.
{"title":"Organic Carbon and Formation of Soil Aggregates on Areas of Natural Vegetation Converted to Pasture in Southern Amazonas","authors":"R. G. de Almeida, M. C. C. Campos, D. M. P. da Silva, R. V. dos Santos, A. F. L. de Lima, R. F. da Silva Souza, F. A. Bezerra, W. O. Araújo, F. P. de Oliveira","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603281","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The objective was, therefore, to evaluate the impact on organic carbon and the formation of soil aggregates in areas of natural vegetation converted into pastures in southern Amazonas. The research was carried out in seven areas in the municipality of Humaitá, Amazonas, Brazil, five of which were pastureland, one native forest, and one natural field. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0–10 and 10–20 cm in the seven study areas and analyzed for aggregate stability, soil density, soil organic carbon, and the calculated soil organic carbon stock. Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were then carried out. Conversion from forest to pasture had a negative impact on percentage of aggregates >2 mm, soil density, concentration and stock of soil organic carbon. Organic carbon correlates positively with percentage of aggregates >2 mm, geometric mean diameter and weighted mean diameter, and negatively with soil density. Aggregate stability influences carbon sequestration in the pasture and forest areas studied, but has no influence in the natural grassland environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323602226
Fating Yin, Jun Zhang, Fenghua Zhang
Abstract
The widespread abandoned saline-alkali soils in the Manas River Basin in northwest China have been reclaimed for cotton cropping in recent decade. However, the temporal dynamics of soil microbial functional genes during the reclamation of abandoned salinized farmlands remains unclear. In this study, the abandoned salinized cotton fields that had been reclaimed for 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were selected to study the temporal dynamics of soil microbial functional genes through metagenomic technology. The abundance of genes involved in C, N, P, and S cycles increased significantly since the reclamation, among them, the abundance of KEGG Pathway genes and Enzymes after the reclamation increased by 29.10 and 30.20%, respectively compared with those of the CK (abandoned salinized farmland). The Shannon index of KEGG Pathway and Enzyme-annotated genes after the reclamation increased by 0.82 and 1.10%, respectively compared with those of the CK. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and correlation analysis showed that the decrease in soil Na+ content and the increase in soil C/N ratio induced by the reclamation increased the abundance and diversity of soil microbial functional genes. After the reclamation, continuous straw incorporation and fertigation increased the soil C/N ratio, and reduced salinity, thus improving soil quality and soil microbial ecological functions. This study will provide reference for the rational development and utilization of abandoned salinized soils in arid areas.
{"title":"Temporal Dynamics of Soil Microbial Functional Genes in Reclaimed Salinized Farmland in Northwest China","authors":"Fating Yin, Jun Zhang, Fenghua Zhang","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323602226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323602226","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>The widespread abandoned saline-alkali soils in the Manas River Basin in northwest China have been reclaimed for cotton cropping in recent decade. However, the temporal dynamics of soil microbial functional genes during the reclamation of abandoned salinized farmlands remains unclear. In this study, the abandoned salinized cotton fields that had been reclaimed for 1, 3, 5, and 7 years were selected to study the temporal dynamics of soil microbial functional genes through metagenomic technology. The abundance of genes involved in C, N, P, and S cycles increased significantly since the reclamation, among them, the abundance of KEGG Pathway genes and Enzymes after the reclamation increased by 29.10 and 30.20%, respectively compared with those of the CK (abandoned salinized farmland). The Shannon index of KEGG Pathway and Enzyme-annotated genes after the reclamation increased by 0.82 and 1.10%, respectively compared with those of the CK. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and correlation analysis showed that the decrease in soil Na<sup>+</sup> content and the increase in soil C/N ratio induced by the reclamation increased the abundance and diversity of soil microbial functional genes. After the reclamation, continuous straw incorporation and fertigation increased the soil C/N ratio, and reduced salinity, thus improving soil quality and soil microbial ecological functions. This study will provide reference for the rational development and utilization of abandoned salinized soils in arid areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603670
Yaru Ge, Maoying Wang, Yuanjie Dong, Xinglong Dai, Mingrong He
Abstract
A develop a new environmentally friendly controlled-release urea to improve soil nitrogen supply capacity, wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency, six coated urea were prepared in this study: resin-coated urea; phosphate rock powder-coated urea; phosphate rock powder and epoxy resin-coated urea; urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with epoxy resin-coated urea; urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with phosphate rock-coated urea; and urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with phosphate rock and epoxy resin-coated urea (RPHDU). Scanning electron microscopy and hydrostatic release tests were used to evaluate the microstructure and controlled-release properties of different urea. Using zero nitrogen treatment and conventional urea treatment as controls, six self-made coated urea were used for different fertilization treatments, with a total of eight treatments set up for ammonia volatilization test and field experiment to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on ammonia volatilization, soil nitrogen supply capacity, wheat yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the RPHDU coating had a complete and tight membrane shell. RPHDU had controlled-release periods for nitrogen, hydroquinone, and dicyandiamide (cumulative nutrient release > 80%) of 112, 56, and 28 days, respectively, effectively controlling the release of nutrients and inhibitors. The treatments of adding inhibitors delayed the ammonia volatilization peak and reduced the peak value, with the RPHDU treatment having the lowest cumulative ammonia volatilization. During the critical growth period of wheat, the soil available nitrogen content in the RPHDU treatment was higher than in other treatments, which brought soil nutrient supply closer to wheat demand. Moreover, the soil apparent nitrification rate was lower in the RPHDU treatment than in other treatments throughout the entire wheat growth cycle, reducing the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. The RPHDU treatment achieved the highest wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency, which were significantly increased by 21 and 21%, respectively, compared to the U treatment. In summary, RPHDU could more effectively control nutrient release, improve soil nitrogen supply capacity, reduce soil nitrogen loss, and increase wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study may provide a basis for the development of novel and environmentally friendly fertilizers.
{"title":"Enhanced-Efficiency Urea Coated with Ground Phosphate Rock Powder, Inhibitor and Epoxy Resin: Preparation and Effects on Soil Nitrogen Supply Capacity, Wheat Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency","authors":"Yaru Ge, Maoying Wang, Yuanjie Dong, Xinglong Dai, Mingrong He","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603670","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>A develop a new environmentally friendly controlled-release urea to improve soil nitrogen supply capacity, wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency, six coated urea were prepared in this study: resin-coated urea; phosphate rock powder-coated urea; phosphate rock powder and epoxy resin-coated urea; urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with epoxy resin-coated urea; urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with phosphate rock-coated urea; and urease and nitrification inhibitors combined with phosphate rock and epoxy resin-coated urea (RPHDU). Scanning electron microscopy and hydrostatic release tests were used to evaluate the microstructure and controlled-release properties of different urea. Using zero nitrogen treatment and conventional urea treatment as controls, six self-made coated urea were used for different fertilization treatments, with a total of eight treatments set up for ammonia volatilization test and field experiment to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on ammonia volatilization, soil nitrogen supply capacity, wheat yield, and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that the RPHDU coating had a complete and tight membrane shell. RPHDU had controlled-release periods for nitrogen, hydroquinone, and dicyandiamide (cumulative nutrient release > 80%) of 112, 56, and 28 days, respectively, effectively controlling the release of nutrients and inhibitors. The treatments of adding inhibitors delayed the ammonia volatilization peak and reduced the peak value, with the RPHDU treatment having the lowest cumulative ammonia volatilization. During the critical growth period of wheat, the soil available nitrogen content in the RPHDU treatment was higher than in other treatments, which brought soil nutrient supply closer to wheat demand. Moreover, the soil apparent nitrification rate was lower in the RPHDU treatment than in other treatments throughout the entire wheat growth cycle, reducing the risk of nitrate nitrogen leaching. The RPHDU treatment achieved the highest wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency, which were significantly increased by 21 and 21%, respectively, compared to the U treatment. In summary, RPHDU could more effectively control nutrient release, improve soil nitrogen supply capacity, reduce soil nitrogen loss, and increase wheat yield and nitrogen use efficiency. The results of this study may provide a basis for the development of novel and environmentally friendly fertilizers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603542
Zhimin Zhao, Fengxia Shi
Abstract
In order to explore the effect of moisture on soil CO2 effluxes in a Cotton field in Northwestern China, soil profile CO2 concentration, soil profile temperature and moisture at depths 5, 10 and 15 cm were measured simultaneously. Based on the models of Fick first law of diffusion, Moldrup model, gas transport equation, van’t Hoffequation, exponential equation and quadratic function equation, the effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil CO2 efflux (F(0)) was determined. The results were as following: (1) F(0) has an optimal soil moisture, and the optimal moisture of F(0) is close to the field capacity (FC). In this study, the field capacity (FC) was close to 0.278 m3/m3. When the values of soil moisture were higher than the optimal soil moisture values of F(0), soil moisture is the main limiting factor for F(0), and F(0) is negatively correlated with soil moisture at soil moisture value >0.278 m3/m3 (FC). However, the values of F(0) increased with the increase of soil moisture when the values of soil moisture were lower than the optimal soil moisture values of F(0). (2) Soil moisture affected the temperature responses of F(0) by a clear threshold inflection point, which significantly influence the temperature sensitivity of F(0). We concluded that the scale of changes in soil moisture is significant to F(0). These factors should be incorporated into models to improve the prediction of carbon-climate feedbacks.
{"title":"Effects of Moisture on Soil CO2 Efflux in a Cotton Field in Northwestern China","authors":"Zhimin Zhao, Fengxia Shi","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603542","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>In order to explore the effect of moisture on soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes in a Cotton field in Northwestern China, soil profile CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, soil profile temperature and moisture at depths 5, 10 and 15 cm were measured simultaneously. Based on the models of Fick first law of diffusion, Moldrup model, gas transport equation, van’t Hoffequation, exponential equation and quadratic function equation, the effects of soil moisture and temperature on soil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux (<i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>) was determined. The results were as following: (1) <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub> has an optimal soil moisture, and the optimal moisture of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub> is close to the field capacity (FC). In this study, the field capacity (FC) was close to 0.278 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup>. When the values of soil moisture were higher than the optimal soil moisture values of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>, soil moisture is the main limiting factor for <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>, and <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub> is negatively correlated with soil moisture at soil moisture value >0.278 m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup> (FC). However, the values of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub> increased with the increase of soil moisture when the values of soil moisture were lower than the optimal soil moisture values of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>. (2) Soil moisture affected the temperature responses of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub> by a clear threshold inflection point, which significantly influence the temperature sensitivity of <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>. We concluded that the scale of changes in soil moisture is significant to <i>F</i><sub>(0)</sub>. These factors should be incorporated into models to improve the prediction of carbon-climate feedbacks.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-10DOI: 10.1134/s106422932360327x
C. Chandrasekara, M. Ariyarathne, U. Rathnayake, D. Sirisena, M. Nijamudeen, H. Kadupitiya, R. Chandrajith, L. Suriyagoda
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required for the growth and development of rice plants. Even though rice is widely cultivated, and its grains are used as the staple food in Sri Lanka, the exchangeable Zn concentration in rice cultivated soils is not known. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the distribution of exchangeable Zn concentration and examine the interactive effects of agro-climatic zones (ACZ), soil orders and water sources on determining the concentration of exchangeable Zn in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka. A total of 7.309 soil samples were collected from six ACZ, six soil orders, and three water sources used for rice cultivation using stratified random sampling approach. Exchangeable Zn concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) after extracting in 0.01 M CaCl2 solution. Concentration of exchangeable Zn was in the range of 0.03–11.247 µg kg−1 with mean value of 438.2 µg kg−1. The highest concentration was recorded in the Wet zone (p < 0.05). Concentration of exchangeable Zn in Histosols was higher than that in Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols (p < 0.05). In addition, rainfed paddy fields retained the highest Zn than the paddy fields receiving supplementary irrigation water (p < 0.05). Concentration of exchangeable Zn was negatively correlated with soil pH. Therefore, implementation of soil Zn improvement strategies considering the heterogeneity of exchangeable soil Zn among ACZ, soil orders and water sources are needed.
{"title":"Distribution of Exchangeable Zinc in Lowland Rice Cultivated Soils in Sri Lanka as Affected by the Differences in Climate, Soil, and Water Availability","authors":"C. Chandrasekara, M. Ariyarathne, U. Rathnayake, D. Sirisena, M. Nijamudeen, H. Kadupitiya, R. Chandrajith, L. Suriyagoda","doi":"10.1134/s106422932360327x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s106422932360327x","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient required for the growth and development of rice plants. Even though rice is widely cultivated, and its grains are used as the staple food in Sri Lanka, the exchangeable Zn concentration in rice cultivated soils is not known. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the distribution of exchangeable Zn concentration and examine the interactive effects of agro-climatic zones (ACZ), soil orders and water sources on determining the concentration of exchangeable Zn in lowland paddy fields in Sri Lanka. A total of 7.309 soil samples were collected from six ACZ, six soil orders, and three water sources used for rice cultivation using stratified random sampling approach. Exchangeable Zn concentration was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) after extracting in 0.01 M CaCl<sub>2</sub> solution. Concentration of exchangeable Zn was in the range of 0.03–11.247 µg kg<sup>−1</sup> with mean value of 438.2 µg kg<sup>−1</sup>. The highest concentration was recorded in the Wet zone (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Concentration of exchangeable Zn in Histosols was higher than that in Alfisols, Inceptisols, and Vertisols (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In addition, rainfed paddy fields retained the highest Zn than the paddy fields receiving supplementary irrigation water (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Concentration of exchangeable Zn was negatively correlated with soil pH. Therefore, implementation of soil Zn improvement strategies considering the heterogeneity of exchangeable soil Zn among ACZ, soil orders and water sources are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140581107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603013
S. V. Bryanin, A. V. Kondratova, A. V. Danilov, E. S. Susloparova
Abstract
Fire-derived charcoal (charcoal) is a stable byproduct of forest fires, which accumulates in the litter layer and soils of boreal forests. Therefore, the decomposition of litter and roots as one of the key processes in the carbon cycle in the soils of northern forests proceeds almost everywhere in the presence of charcoal. To date, the data on the influence of charcoal on the organic material decomposition in boreal forests are extremely scarce and most of them do not consider the cold period, which lasts on the average half a year in this zone. The goal of this work is to determine the seasonal influence of charcoal on the decomposition of plant litter of different qualities (larch needles, birch leaves, grasses, and mixtures of these litter types) on the soil surface and the roots of the same types in the soil. A field litterbag experiment demonstrates that charcoal accelerates the decomposition of litter in a species-specific manner. Charcoal accelerates the mass loss of recalcitrant aboveground litter (needles) and all types of roots during the cold season. As for the warm season, charcoal accelerates the decomposition of only needles and has no effect on the roots. Thus, our study shows a greater influence of charcoal on the subsoil decomposition especially in the cold season. The seasonal influence of charcoal is demonstrated for the first time and should be taken into account as an important factor of humus formation and carbon dynamics in the soils of boreal forests.
{"title":"Season-Dependent Effect of Fire-Derived Charcoal on the Above- and Belowground Litter Decomposition in Boreal Forests","authors":"S. V. Bryanin, A. V. Kondratova, A. V. Danilov, E. S. Susloparova","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Fire-derived charcoal (charcoal) is a stable byproduct of forest fires, which accumulates in the litter layer and soils of boreal forests. Therefore, the decomposition of litter and roots as one of the key processes in the carbon cycle in the soils of northern forests proceeds almost everywhere in the presence of charcoal. To date, the data on the influence of charcoal on the organic material decomposition in boreal forests are extremely scarce and most of them do not consider the cold period, which lasts on the average half a year in this zone. The goal of this work is to determine the seasonal influence of charcoal on the decomposition of plant litter of different qualities (larch needles, birch leaves, grasses, and mixtures of these litter types) on the soil surface and the roots of the same types in the soil. A field litterbag experiment demonstrates that charcoal accelerates the decomposition of litter in a species-specific manner. Charcoal accelerates the mass loss of recalcitrant aboveground litter (needles) and all types of roots during the cold season. As for the warm season, charcoal accelerates the decomposition of only needles and has no effect on the roots. Thus, our study shows a greater influence of charcoal on the subsoil decomposition especially in the cold season. The seasonal influence of charcoal is demonstrated for the first time and should be taken into account as an important factor of humus formation and carbon dynamics in the soils of boreal forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140147941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-14DOI: 10.1134/s1064229323603049
E. M. Volkova, O. A. Leonova, A. V. Golovchenko
Abstract
Peat deposits of the Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo floodplain mires formed during the Atlantic–Subboreal periods of the Holocene in the Nepryadva River valley in the northeastern part of the Central Russian Upland have been studied. Data on the botanical composition of peat indicate that the genesis of these mires was associated with eutrophic paleocenoses, which accumulated carbon at a rate of 21.8–95 g/m2 per year. The formed eutrophic peat was characterized by a high degree of decomposition (45–55%) and by a low rate of vertical growth (on average, 0.3–0.6 mm/year), which was due to the seasonal dynamics of the level of mire waters. The carbon content of peat is 14% for the Podkos`movo mire and 31% for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences are due to the specific water–mineral nutrition of the mires: the high carbonate and ash contents of the Podkos`movo mire. Carbon stocks in peat soils of floodplain mires vary from 51.5 up to 125 kg/m2 for 10-cm-thick horizons. This parameter is determined by the degree of decomposition of plant residues, which depends on the composition and structure of microbial complexes. The microbial complex of Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo mires is dominated by the fungal and bacterial components, respectively. This is the reason for the differences in the microbial biomass of the mires: 222 g/m2 for the Podkos`movo mire and 898 g/m2 for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences between the two floodplain mires are related to the degree of variation in the level of mire waters during the growing season, which is more considerable at the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire because of its artificial drainage. Floodplain mires are important depots of atmospheric carbon, and the intensity of its accumulation is determined by a combination of factors.
{"title":"Carbon Accumulation in Peat Soils of Floodplain Mires in the Northeast of the Central Russian Upland","authors":"E. M. Volkova, O. A. Leonova, A. V. Golovchenko","doi":"10.1134/s1064229323603049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1134/s1064229323603049","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Abstract</h3><p>Peat deposits of the Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo floodplain mires formed during the Atlantic–Subboreal periods of the Holocene in the Nepryadva River valley in the northeastern part of the Central Russian Upland have been studied. Data on the botanical composition of peat indicate that the genesis of these mires was associated with eutrophic paleocenoses, which accumulated carbon at a rate of 21.8–95 g/m<sup>2</sup> per year. The formed eutrophic peat was characterized by a high degree of decomposition (45–55%) and by a low rate of vertical growth (on average, 0.3–0.6 mm/year), which was due to the seasonal dynamics of the level of mire waters. The carbon content of peat is 14% for the Podkos`movo mire and 31% for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences are due to the specific water–mineral nutrition of the mires: the high carbonate and ash contents of the Podkos`movo mire. Carbon stocks in peat soils of floodplain mires vary from 51.5 up to 125 kg/m<sup>2</sup> for 10-cm-thick horizons. This parameter is determined by the degree of decomposition of plant residues, which depends on the composition and structure of microbial complexes. The microbial complex of Bol`sheberezovskoe and Podkos`movo mires is dominated by the fungal and bacterial components, respectively. This is the reason for the differences in the microbial biomass of the mires: 222 g/m<sup>2</sup> for the Podkos`movo mire and 898 g/m<sup>2</sup> for the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire. The differences between the two floodplain mires are related to the degree of variation in the level of mire waters during the growing season, which is more considerable at the Bol`sheberezovskoe mire because of its artificial drainage. Floodplain mires are important depots of atmospheric carbon, and the intensity of its accumulation is determined by a combination of factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11892,"journal":{"name":"Eurasian Soil Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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