Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130262
Yemen Alev Bahtiyar, Yasemin Erkan, Nurettin Acır
In this study, we introduce an artificial single trial auditory evoked potential signal generator which contributes to create the synthetic data set that are mostly used in biomedical engineering applications. The proposed system not only provides the comparison of the methods used in engineering applications but also it provides an objectivity in determining the performance of the novel systems to be designed in other studies. In this study, we have aimed to create synthetic data set by generating single trial auditory evoked potential at any arbitrary SNR level.
{"title":"Artificial single trial auditory evoked potential signal generator","authors":"Yemen Alev Bahtiyar, Yasemin Erkan, Nurettin Acır","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130262","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we introduce an artificial single trial auditory evoked potential signal generator which contributes to create the synthetic data set that are mostly used in biomedical engineering applications. The proposed system not only provides the comparison of the methods used in engineering applications but also it provides an objectivity in determining the performance of the novel systems to be designed in other studies. In this study, we have aimed to create synthetic data set by generating single trial auditory evoked potential at any arbitrary SNR level.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"53 8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127574886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130302
A. Uyar, A. Bener, H. N. Ciray, M. Bahçeci
In this study, IVF embryo selection has been considered as a binary classification problem and predictibality of implantation outcome of individual embryos has been tested using Naive Bayes method. First, in order to perform classification experiments, an embryo based dataset has been constructed from database of Bahçeci IVF Centre. Since the class distribution of dataset is highly imbalanced (11% Pozitive and 89% Negative implantation outcomes) the decision threshold of Naive Bayes classifier has been optimized using the features of ROC analysis. Experimental results show that classification with optimized threshold performs better than classification with default threshold.
{"title":"Adjusting decision threshold in Naive Bayes based IVF embryo selection","authors":"A. Uyar, A. Bener, H. N. Ciray, M. Bahçeci","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130302","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, IVF embryo selection has been considered as a binary classification problem and predictibality of implantation outcome of individual embryos has been tested using Naive Bayes method. First, in order to perform classification experiments, an embryo based dataset has been constructed from database of Bahçeci IVF Centre. Since the class distribution of dataset is highly imbalanced (11% Pozitive and 89% Negative implantation outcomes) the decision threshold of Naive Bayes classifier has been optimized using the features of ROC analysis. Experimental results show that classification with optimized threshold performs better than classification with default threshold.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127642946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130386
M. Ozgoren, O. Bayazit, Ugras Erdogan, A. Oniz
Dichotic Listening (DL) paradigm which indicates the brain asymmetry behaviorally is a non-invasive neurocognitive method. Phonetic combinations are used in this method. During the DL paradigm, recently developed system is able to mark the time point on the continuous electroencephalography (EEG) at which the DL stimulus is applied to the person in real time. By applying this new method, DL paradigm, we can evaluate the event related potentials of each ear advantages. Also we can elucidate how auditory system processes the knowledge. In this preliminary study, the main aim was to apply the standardized “Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography“ (sLORETA) method to EEG data of DL paradigm. Secondly, sLORETA was applied to different ear advantage (heteronymous and homonymous) event related potentials (ERPs) as a new approach. The preliminary results indicate that for the heteronymous condition the activation found in the superior temporal gyrus in the early stages, moves to central frontal gyrus in the late stages. The differences between the conditions of heteronymous and homonymous arise in frontal activation in the late stages. These findings which indicate the spatial-temporal resolution of the brain's dynamic processing can be beneficial for the clinical applications.
{"title":"EEG and sLORETA: The Dichotic Listening test preliminary results","authors":"M. Ozgoren, O. Bayazit, Ugras Erdogan, A. Oniz","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130386","url":null,"abstract":"Dichotic Listening (DL) paradigm which indicates the brain asymmetry behaviorally is a non-invasive neurocognitive method. Phonetic combinations are used in this method. During the DL paradigm, recently developed system is able to mark the time point on the continuous electroencephalography (EEG) at which the DL stimulus is applied to the person in real time. By applying this new method, DL paradigm, we can evaluate the event related potentials of each ear advantages. Also we can elucidate how auditory system processes the knowledge. In this preliminary study, the main aim was to apply the standardized “Low Resolution Electromagnetic Tomography“ (sLORETA) method to EEG data of DL paradigm. Secondly, sLORETA was applied to different ear advantage (heteronymous and homonymous) event related potentials (ERPs) as a new approach. The preliminary results indicate that for the heteronymous condition the activation found in the superior temporal gyrus in the early stages, moves to central frontal gyrus in the late stages. The differences between the conditions of heteronymous and homonymous arise in frontal activation in the late stages. These findings which indicate the spatial-temporal resolution of the brain's dynamic processing can be beneficial for the clinical applications.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132290451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130382
T. Endogan, A. Kiziltay, N. Hasirci
Bone cements are used in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry, and the commonly used commercial ones are prepared from poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). In orthopaedic surgery bone cements are used as filling agents for the treatment of damaged tissues and they are used to stabilize the prosthesis by providing the mechanical interlock between bone and metal during the use of metal prothesis and to provide the homogeneous distribution of applied load. In this study, bone cements compositions were prepared by using two different PMMA (microspheres prepared by suspension polymerization and ground and sieved PMMA particles). Compositions were prepared by addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) as inorganic load carrying substance, and barium sulphate (BaSO4) as opacifier. To increase biocompatibility of the prepared bone cements, natural polymer chitosan was added. It was observed that addition of chitosan had a positive effect on mechanical properties.
{"title":"Preparation and characterization of chitosan containing acrylic bone cement formulations","authors":"T. Endogan, A. Kiziltay, N. Hasirci","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130382","url":null,"abstract":"Bone cements are used in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry, and the commonly used commercial ones are prepared from poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA). In orthopaedic surgery bone cements are used as filling agents for the treatment of damaged tissues and they are used to stabilize the prosthesis by providing the mechanical interlock between bone and metal during the use of metal prothesis and to provide the homogeneous distribution of applied load. In this study, bone cements compositions were prepared by using two different PMMA (microspheres prepared by suspension polymerization and ground and sieved PMMA particles). Compositions were prepared by addition of hydroxyapatite (HA) as inorganic load carrying substance, and barium sulphate (BaSO4) as opacifier. To increase biocompatibility of the prepared bone cements, natural polymer chitosan was added. It was observed that addition of chitosan had a positive effect on mechanical properties.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132195322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130279
Gorkem Serbes, N. Aydin
Stroke, which is seen nowadays frequently, is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. The main reason for the stroke is the emboli which are particles bigger than red blood cells. Emboli can be detected by Doppler ultrasound. Embolic Doppler ultrasound signals are short duration transient like signals. These signals can be obtained from in-phase and quadrature-phase parts of the quadrature Doppler signals as forward and reverse signals by using the phase relationship between in-phase and quadrature-phase signals. Discrete wavelet transform is one of the methods used for analyzing these signals. A desired property in discrete wavelet transform is phase shift-invariance which can not be provided by ordinary discrete wavelet transform. To overcome this disadvantage dual-tree complex wavelet transform was introduced. But Doppler signals are dual channel signals and dual-tree complex wavelet transform must be applied twice. Therefore complexity of the transform increases. In this work, a new transform method reducing computational complexity is introduced.
{"title":"A new wavelet transform method for processing Doppler signals","authors":"Gorkem Serbes, N. Aydin","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130279","url":null,"abstract":"Stroke, which is seen nowadays frequently, is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain. The main reason for the stroke is the emboli which are particles bigger than red blood cells. Emboli can be detected by Doppler ultrasound. Embolic Doppler ultrasound signals are short duration transient like signals. These signals can be obtained from in-phase and quadrature-phase parts of the quadrature Doppler signals as forward and reverse signals by using the phase relationship between in-phase and quadrature-phase signals. Discrete wavelet transform is one of the methods used for analyzing these signals. A desired property in discrete wavelet transform is phase shift-invariance which can not be provided by ordinary discrete wavelet transform. To overcome this disadvantage dual-tree complex wavelet transform was introduced. But Doppler signals are dual channel signals and dual-tree complex wavelet transform must be applied twice. Therefore complexity of the transform increases. In this work, a new transform method reducing computational complexity is introduced.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133379540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130343
Firat Dogan, M. S. Çelebi
The soft tissues are considered as complex materials which are difficult to be modeled due to their nonlinear geometric and material properties, their multilayer structures, large displacements, anisotropic, nonhomogenous and viscoelastic material properties. This study focuses on the error minimization and converge problem in predicting the non-unique material parameters of quasi-linear (QLV) integral form by Fung [5] which is used in modeling viscoelastic material properties of soft tissues. The solution is improved by using refined nonlinear optimization method.
{"title":"Estimation of quasi-linear viscoelastic material parameters using nonlinear optimization method","authors":"Firat Dogan, M. S. Çelebi","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130343","url":null,"abstract":"The soft tissues are considered as complex materials which are difficult to be modeled due to their nonlinear geometric and material properties, their multilayer structures, large displacements, anisotropic, nonhomogenous and viscoelastic material properties. This study focuses on the error minimization and converge problem in predicting the non-unique material parameters of quasi-linear (QLV) integral form by Fung [5] which is used in modeling viscoelastic material properties of soft tissues. The solution is improved by using refined nonlinear optimization method.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133403096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130276
Süleyman Sevinç, Baris Tanir
Fast developing information and communication technologies based on internet and mobile networks have changed our daily lives in a very positive way. Take for an example Diyahat.net, an important development in health information technologies, which enables diabetics to collect, store and manage data about blood glucose measurements, medication and diet lists using mobile technologies as well as internet. Diabetics, at their own will, can schedule the system to send themselves reminder SMS messages for blood glucose measurements, doctors' visits and medication times. Doctors can monitor their patients daily, if they wish, and can update patients' files as appropriate. Therefore both doctors and patients are kept in an active two-way communication. Patients can ask questions using the system to their doctors and receive comprehensive and detailed response resulting in significant time saved both by doctors and patients. The system becomes a significant source for patient motivation and lays the ground for a very effective environment for management of diabetes. Doctors can formulate best treatments for their patients, personalized and tailored for each patient's medical needs. Research done in this area and specifically one in Korea, based on a similar approach have proven that systems like Diyahat.net can help better control of blood glucose levels and of diabetes in general.
{"title":"Information and comunication technologies in the management of diabetes","authors":"Süleyman Sevinç, Baris Tanir","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130276","url":null,"abstract":"Fast developing information and communication technologies based on internet and mobile networks have changed our daily lives in a very positive way. Take for an example Diyahat.net, an important development in health information technologies, which enables diabetics to collect, store and manage data about blood glucose measurements, medication and diet lists using mobile technologies as well as internet. Diabetics, at their own will, can schedule the system to send themselves reminder SMS messages for blood glucose measurements, doctors' visits and medication times. Doctors can monitor their patients daily, if they wish, and can update patients' files as appropriate. Therefore both doctors and patients are kept in an active two-way communication. Patients can ask questions using the system to their doctors and receive comprehensive and detailed response resulting in significant time saved both by doctors and patients. The system becomes a significant source for patient motivation and lays the ground for a very effective environment for management of diabetes. Doctors can formulate best treatments for their patients, personalized and tailored for each patient's medical needs. Research done in this area and specifically one in Korea, based on a similar approach have proven that systems like Diyahat.net can help better control of blood glucose levels and of diabetes in general.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130253
A. Ozdemir, K. Danisman, M. H. Asyali
Processing of ECG (Electro CardioGram) records by software- based systems was started in the beginning of the 1960s. Many studies on different techniques about this topic have been made in the last 20 years. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is the tool that is mostly used in medical diagnosis systems because of the belief in its powerful prediction characteristics. However, the suggested ANN architectures in literature are very complex software-based architectures. Consequently, these models with high computational complexity can only be run on expensive processors. To enable the implementation of ANN models on mobile and cheap devices, the features of ECG signal, which are applied to ANN inputs, should be reduced. This approach enables the implementation of a simple ANN architecture. In this study, the features of ECG signal are reduced dramatically using PCA (Principle Component Analysis), while keeping the error of the ANN learning rate at an acceptable level such as 5%. As a result, a simple Matlab ANN model, which consists of eight inputs, a hidden layer with two neurons and one output neuron, is implemented on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) by using IEE 754 32 bits floating-point numerical representation.
{"title":"FPGA based arrhythmia classifier","authors":"A. Ozdemir, K. Danisman, M. H. Asyali","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130253","url":null,"abstract":"Processing of ECG (Electro CardioGram) records by software- based systems was started in the beginning of the 1960s. Many studies on different techniques about this topic have been made in the last 20 years. ANN (Artificial Neural Network) is the tool that is mostly used in medical diagnosis systems because of the belief in its powerful prediction characteristics. However, the suggested ANN architectures in literature are very complex software-based architectures. Consequently, these models with high computational complexity can only be run on expensive processors. To enable the implementation of ANN models on mobile and cheap devices, the features of ECG signal, which are applied to ANN inputs, should be reduced. This approach enables the implementation of a simple ANN architecture. In this study, the features of ECG signal are reduced dramatically using PCA (Principle Component Analysis), while keeping the error of the ANN learning rate at an acceptable level such as 5%. As a result, a simple Matlab ANN model, which consists of eight inputs, a hidden layer with two neurons and one output neuron, is implemented on an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) by using IEE 754 32 bits floating-point numerical representation.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122580203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130295
Reyhan Zengin, N. G. Gencer
In this study, forward problem of contactless electrical conductivity imaging is solved by using realistic-head model. Realistic-head model is modelled by a single volume with the ANSYS software and divided into hexahedral elements. Conductivity information for each element is obtained from MR gray-scale images obtained as a result of segmentation.For realistic-head model, a coil of radius 1 cm, 1 cm above the scalp and carrying a sinusoidal (50 kHz) current of 1 A is used as a source. Realistic-head modelis composed of the scalp, skull, brain fluid and brain (gray matter and white matter) tissues. For each tissue magnetic flux densities and current densities have been obtained.
{"title":"Forward problem solution for contactless electrical conductivity imaging with realistic head model","authors":"Reyhan Zengin, N. G. Gencer","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130295","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, forward problem of contactless electrical conductivity imaging is solved by using realistic-head model. Realistic-head model is modelled by a single volume with the ANSYS software and divided into hexahedral elements. Conductivity information for each element is obtained from MR gray-scale images obtained as a result of segmentation.For realistic-head model, a coil of radius 1 cm, 1 cm above the scalp and carrying a sinusoidal (50 kHz) current of 1 A is used as a source. Realistic-head modelis composed of the scalp, skull, brain fluid and brain (gray matter and white matter) tissues. For each tissue magnetic flux densities and current densities have been obtained.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123048671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2009-05-20DOI: 10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130353
Ilke Eren
Thi study aims at an evaluation of vocational standards and qualifications both on national and EU levels in health industry with special stres on Turkey. After mentioning the previous works on vocational qualifications realized in Turkey in the sector, the results of a survey which questioned the needs of the sector had been communicated. The study informs on the subsequent efforts to establish Vocational Standards reyling on this survey.
{"title":"Human resources, vocational education and Vocational Standards in Turkish health industry: A self-evaluation of the sector","authors":"Ilke Eren","doi":"10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIYOMUT.2009.5130353","url":null,"abstract":"Thi study aims at an evaluation of vocational standards and qualifications both on national and EU levels in health industry with special stres on Turkey. After mentioning the previous works on vocational qualifications realized in Turkey in the sector, the results of a survey which questioned the needs of the sector had been communicated. The study informs on the subsequent efforts to establish Vocational Standards reyling on this survey.","PeriodicalId":119026,"journal":{"name":"2009 14th National Biomedical Engineering Meeting","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117294824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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