This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. In the treatment of COVID-19, attention is focused on expensive, high technology equipment such as sophisticated ventilators or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which requires highly trained health care workers and aggressive pharmacological measures with weak evidence of efficacy (1). However, low-cost, primary health care has a higher life-saving potential.
{"title":"Clinical Management of COVID-19: Conceptual Framework","authors":"J. Rello, R. Serrano","doi":"10.36519/2020-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/2020-0003","url":null,"abstract":"This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. In the treatment of COVID-19, attention is focused on expensive, high technology equipment such as sophisticated ventilators or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which requires highly trained health care workers and aggressive pharmacological measures with weak evidence of efficacy (1). However, low-cost, primary health care has a higher life-saving potential.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88177756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19026
A. Aslan, M. Akova
{"title":"Infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae: clinical and molecular epidemiology and treatment strategies","authors":"A. Aslan, M. Akova","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"83 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83554509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-25DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19025
A. Azap, Tugrul Orhan Akin, M. Basçavus, Elvin Ercan, Devrim Deniz Kuscu, Irem Namal, M. Yilmaz
Objective: Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption per capita and suffers widespread antimicrobial resistance. However, few studies are measuring the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding antibiotic use in Turkey. We aimed to describe the awareness, knowledge, beliefs, attitude and behaviour of the society regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at a large shopping mall with 60 000-75 000 visitors daily in the capital city of Turkey, Ankara. We applied a questionnaire to the visitors who accepted to participate for two days. The data were collected on demographics, knowledge, attitude and beliefs concerning antibiotic use and awareness of judicious antibiotic use (JAU) and related factors. Results: Of the 1044 people who attended the study, 554 were male (52.1%). The average age of the participants was 37.7. JAU was found to be high (10/10 points) in 127 participants (12.2%). JAU was statistically high among people who were informed about the potential harms of inappropriate antibiotic use by physicians (p<0.001), who had university degree (p=0.005), who did not used to use antibiotics without prescriptions (p<0.001), and who did not use antibiotics within the last year (p<0.001). Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge about JAU in Ankara were low. There are misbeliefs and inappropriate attitudes in terms of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Necessary precautions should be taken immediately to improve this issue.
{"title":"Public knowledge and attitudes regarding antibiotic use in Ankara, Turkey","authors":"A. Azap, Tugrul Orhan Akin, M. Basçavus, Elvin Ercan, Devrim Deniz Kuscu, Irem Namal, M. Yilmaz","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Turkey is one of the countries with the highest antibiotic consumption per capita and suffers widespread antimicrobial resistance. However, few studies are measuring the knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding antibiotic use in Turkey. We aimed to describe the awareness, knowledge, beliefs, attitude and behaviour of the society regarding antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out at a large shopping mall with 60 000-75 000 visitors daily in the capital city of Turkey, Ankara. We applied a questionnaire to the visitors who accepted to participate for two days. The data were collected on demographics, knowledge, attitude and beliefs concerning antibiotic use and awareness of judicious antibiotic use (JAU) and related factors. Results: Of the 1044 people who attended the study, 554 were male (52.1%). The average age of the participants was 37.7. JAU was found to be high (10/10 points) in 127 participants (12.2%). JAU was statistically high among people who were informed about the potential harms of inappropriate antibiotic use by physicians (p<0.001), who had university degree (p=0.005), who did not used to use antibiotics without prescriptions (p<0.001), and who did not use antibiotics within the last year (p<0.001). Conclusion: Awareness and knowledge about JAU in Ankara were low. There are misbeliefs and inappropriate attitudes in terms of antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Necessary precautions should be taken immediately to improve this issue.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89124547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-10DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19021
Ö. Azap
One Health is an innovative global approach aiming to tighten the collaboration and communication in all aspects of human, animal and environmental health. The areas of One Health approach include food safety, the control of zoonoses, and combatting antibiotic resistance (1). The term “one health” was first introduced to the scientific community at an Expert Consultation in Canada in 2009, but the concept has been well known since the 1800s (2). Dr Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) coined the term “zoonosis” to indicate an infectious disease that is passed between humans and animals (3).
{"title":"“One Health” and Promoting the Concept in the Journal","authors":"Ö. Azap","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19021","url":null,"abstract":"One Health is an innovative global approach aiming to tighten the collaboration and communication in all aspects of human, animal and environmental health. The areas of One Health approach include food safety, the control of zoonoses, and combatting antibiotic resistance (1). The term “one health” was first introduced to the scientific community at an Expert Consultation in Canada in 2009, but the concept has been well known since the 1800s (2). Dr Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902) coined the term “zoonosis” to indicate an infectious disease that is passed between humans and animals (3).","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79413568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19016
G. Durhan, Y. Baytar, Orhan Macit Ariyurek
6-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed neutropenic fever 12 days after induction chemotherapy. The focus of infection could not be found by clinical examination, chest radiography and routine cultures and em-piric antimicrobial treatment was started. As the fever persisted, computerized tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed, and a nodule with a diameter of 2 mm in the upper lobe of the right lung was detected (Fig 1 & 2). Absence of the lesion in the previous CT led us to think about a possible focus of infection. A follow-up CT taken one week later revealed that the size of nodule increased rapidly and reached a diameter of 13 mm (Fig 3). Fungal infection, especially angioinvasive aspergillosis, was considered in the differential diagnosis. A galactomannan index level of 2.0 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid further supported the radiological diagnosis. After antifungal treatment, including liposomal amphotericin B, the focus of infection re-gressed (Fig 4). The patient was discharged with the regression of fever and neutropenia. The findings of chest radiographs are seldom specific for the detection of a particular pathogen in the
{"title":"Early Detection of Fungal Infection in an Immunosuppressed Patient Demonstrated by Thorax CT: Suspicion is the Best Marker!","authors":"G. Durhan, Y. Baytar, Orhan Macit Ariyurek","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19016","url":null,"abstract":"6-year-old man with acute lymphoblastic leukemia developed neutropenic fever 12 days after induction chemotherapy. The focus of infection could not be found by clinical examination, chest radiography and routine cultures and em-piric antimicrobial treatment was started. As the fever persisted, computerized tomography (CT) of the thorax was performed, and a nodule with a diameter of 2 mm in the upper lobe of the right lung was detected (Fig 1 & 2). Absence of the lesion in the previous CT led us to think about a possible focus of infection. A follow-up CT taken one week later revealed that the size of nodule increased rapidly and reached a diameter of 13 mm (Fig 3). Fungal infection, especially angioinvasive aspergillosis, was considered in the differential diagnosis. A galactomannan index level of 2.0 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid further supported the radiological diagnosis. After antifungal treatment, including liposomal amphotericin B, the focus of infection re-gressed (Fig 4). The patient was discharged with the regression of fever and neutropenia. The findings of chest radiographs are seldom specific for the detection of a particular pathogen in the","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91194482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19020
Ugurgul Tunc
Istanbul,
{"title":"Lessons from the Crimean War: How Hospitals were Transformed by Florence Nightingale and Others","authors":"Ugurgul Tunc","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19020","url":null,"abstract":"Istanbul,","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75104435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19010
M. Aydın, C. Koyuncuoğlu, İpek Kirmizi, F. Isli, M. Aksoy, A. Alkan, A. Akıcı
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. ABSTRACT Objective: Irrational use of antibiotics is a significant global health care problem which causes antibiotic resistance. Population-based antibiotic prescribing data in dentistry have not been extensively studied in Turkey and many other countries. This study aimed to describe the antibiotic prescription attitudes of dentists in Turkey by using population-based data. Materials and Methods: Data on systemic antibiotics prescribed by dentists to the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency’s Prescription Information System were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2015. Results: The rate of antibiotic-containing prescriptions was 82.4%. The overall number of drugs per prescription was 2.18, and the overall number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.01. Antibiotics were more frequently prescribed to females (53.8%) and adults (73.5%). According to the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)-3 analysis, “J01C, beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins” were the most commonly prescribed agents (71.3%). In ATC-4 subgroup analysis, “J01CR, penicillin combinations, including beta-lactamase inhibitors” were the most commonly prescribed agents (60.9%). In ATC-5 subgroup analysis, “J01CR02, amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor” were the most frequently prescribed agents (57.6%), followed by “J01FA02, spiramycin” (10.7%). Metronidazole, which is commonly used in dental infections, was not frequently prescribed by Turkish dentists. Conversely, spiramycin was prescribed more frequently than anticipated. Conclusion: The present data show a high antibiotic prescribing rate among dentists in Turkey. Turkish dentists prefer to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. This extremely high prescribing rate reflects the irrational use of antibiotics by Turkish dentists. Training programs on rational antibiotic use are required for dentists to reduce prescription rate.
{"title":"Pattern of Antibiotic Prescriptions in Dentistry in Turkey: Population Based Data from the Prescription Information System","authors":"M. Aydın, C. Koyuncuoğlu, İpek Kirmizi, F. Isli, M. Aksoy, A. Alkan, A. Akıcı","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19010","url":null,"abstract":"This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. ABSTRACT Objective: Irrational use of antibiotics is a significant global health care problem which causes antibiotic resistance. Population-based antibiotic prescribing data in dentistry have not been extensively studied in Turkey and many other countries. This study aimed to describe the antibiotic prescription attitudes of dentists in Turkey by using population-based data. Materials and Methods: Data on systemic antibiotics prescribed by dentists to the Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency’s Prescription Information System were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2013, and August 31, 2015. Results: The rate of antibiotic-containing prescriptions was 82.4%. The overall number of drugs per prescription was 2.18, and the overall number of antibiotics per prescription was 1.01. Antibiotics were more frequently prescribed to females (53.8%) and adults (73.5%). According to the World Health Organization Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC)-3 analysis, “J01C, beta-lactam antibacterials, penicillins” were the most commonly prescribed agents (71.3%). In ATC-4 subgroup analysis, “J01CR, penicillin combinations, including beta-lactamase inhibitors” were the most commonly prescribed agents (60.9%). In ATC-5 subgroup analysis, “J01CR02, amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor” were the most frequently prescribed agents (57.6%), followed by “J01FA02, spiramycin” (10.7%). Metronidazole, which is commonly used in dental infections, was not frequently prescribed by Turkish dentists. Conversely, spiramycin was prescribed more frequently than anticipated. Conclusion: The present data show a high antibiotic prescribing rate among dentists in Turkey. Turkish dentists prefer to prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. This extremely high prescribing rate reflects the irrational use of antibiotics by Turkish dentists. Training programs on rational antibiotic use are required for dentists to reduce prescription rate.","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77808215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19014
B. Aygen, N. Demirtürk, Orhan Yıldız, I. Çelik, Deniz Kamalak, G. Ersöz, A. Batırel, B. Ormen, F. Karakeçili, P. Korkmaz, N. Tuna, A. Şener, R. Çetinkaya, Emine Türkoğlu, Güliz Evik, N. Türker, U. Binay, E. Yenilmez, G. Zararsiz
Objective: Objective: Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OMV/PTV/r) + ribavirin (RBV) combination improved the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 infection. We described the effectiveness and safety of OMV/PTV/r + RBV therapy in patients with genotype 4 infection. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, HCV genotype 4-infected patients treated with OMV/PTV/r + RBV (n=55) who were registered in a national database were included. Study patients were treatment-naïve or interferon plus RBV-experienced with or without compensated cirrhosis. Demographic, clinical and virological data were analyzed. Details of clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.2, and 52.7% were male. The majority of patients were non-cirrhotic (81.8%), and 69.1% were treatment-naïve. The HCV RNA level was below 800.000 IU/mL in 16 of the cases. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had an underlying disease. SVR12 rate was 98% in all patients. One patient had virological failure. HCV RNA was undetectable at treatment week 4 in 77.6%, at treatment week 8 in 100%, and at end of treatment in 98%. The SVR12 rates were 100% and 88.9% for those without or with compensated cirrhosis (p= 0.176). Rates of AEs and AEsassociated treatment discontinuation were 69.1% and 3.6% in the patients, respectively. Conclusion: The OBV/PTV/r + RBV combination was found to have high efficacy and safety profile in the patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. 98 Treatment of Chronic HCV Genotype 4 Infection Aygen et al. INTRODUCTION A bout 170-200 million people are known to be infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection carries risks of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1-4). Chronic HCV infection is an important health problem in Turkey (5-10). In Turkey, among HCV infections, genotype 1b was reported to be the most common one (90%), while types 2, 3, and 4 exist, with lower prevalence. However, recently, there has been an increase in HCV genotype 4 infections in Turkey (9-13). Two studies from Kayseri reported an unusually high proportion of genotype 4 infections reaching up to 35% among the patients, who were admitted to the hospitals for treatment of CHC (14, 15). This high proportion was significantly higher than the average prevalence of 1.4% reported for type 4 HCV infections in Turkey (15). It was shown recently that Kayseri genotype 4 isolates were closely related to subtype 4d sequences (13, 16). There are several different treatment approaches for HCV genotype 4 infection. By the combination therapy of pegylated interferon (PegINF) and ribavirin (RBV), the sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 60% in patients infected with HCV g
{"title":"Ombitasvir/ Paritaprevir/ Ritonavir + Ribavirin Combination Therapy in Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients with Genotype 4 in Real-life Practice: A Multicentre Experience","authors":"B. Aygen, N. Demirtürk, Orhan Yıldız, I. Çelik, Deniz Kamalak, G. Ersöz, A. Batırel, B. Ormen, F. Karakeçili, P. Korkmaz, N. Tuna, A. Şener, R. Çetinkaya, Emine Türkoğlu, Güliz Evik, N. Türker, U. Binay, E. Yenilmez, G. Zararsiz","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19014","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Objective: Ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OMV/PTV/r) + ribavirin (RBV) combination improved the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 infection. We described the effectiveness and safety of OMV/PTV/r + RBV therapy in patients with genotype 4 infection. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, HCV genotype 4-infected patients treated with OMV/PTV/r + RBV (n=55) who were registered in a national database were included. Study patients were treatment-naïve or interferon plus RBV-experienced with or without compensated cirrhosis. Demographic, clinical and virological data were analyzed. Details of clinical and laboratory adverse events (AEs) were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.2, and 52.7% were male. The majority of patients were non-cirrhotic (81.8%), and 69.1% were treatment-naïve. The HCV RNA level was below 800.000 IU/mL in 16 of the cases. Seventy-eight percent of the patients had an underlying disease. SVR12 rate was 98% in all patients. One patient had virological failure. HCV RNA was undetectable at treatment week 4 in 77.6%, at treatment week 8 in 100%, and at end of treatment in 98%. The SVR12 rates were 100% and 88.9% for those without or with compensated cirrhosis (p= 0.176). Rates of AEs and AEsassociated treatment discontinuation were 69.1% and 3.6% in the patients, respectively. Conclusion: The OBV/PTV/r + RBV combination was found to have high efficacy and safety profile in the patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International License. 98 Treatment of Chronic HCV Genotype 4 Infection Aygen et al. INTRODUCTION A bout 170-200 million people are known to be infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) infection carries risks of hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (1-4). Chronic HCV infection is an important health problem in Turkey (5-10). In Turkey, among HCV infections, genotype 1b was reported to be the most common one (90%), while types 2, 3, and 4 exist, with lower prevalence. However, recently, there has been an increase in HCV genotype 4 infections in Turkey (9-13). Two studies from Kayseri reported an unusually high proportion of genotype 4 infections reaching up to 35% among the patients, who were admitted to the hospitals for treatment of CHC (14, 15). This high proportion was significantly higher than the average prevalence of 1.4% reported for type 4 HCV infections in Turkey (15). It was shown recently that Kayseri genotype 4 isolates were closely related to subtype 4d sequences (13, 16). There are several different treatment approaches for HCV genotype 4 infection. By the combination therapy of pegylated interferon (PegINF) and ribavirin (RBV), the sustained virological response (SVR) rate was 60% in patients infected with HCV g","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84349031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-07DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2019.19013
Ezgi Gulten, Deniz Ozer Turk, A. Erol, C. Ozel
{"title":"The Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs of the Healthcare Workers about Influenza Infection and Vaccination at a Public Hospital in Turkey","authors":"Ezgi Gulten, Deniz Ozer Turk, A. Erol, C. Ozel","doi":"10.36519/idcm.2019.19013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36519/idcm.2019.19013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11964,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89497059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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