European Journal of Dermatology最新文献

Onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, is primarily caused by dermatophytes, yeasts, and non-dermatophyte moulds (NDMs). The incidence of this disease and the predominance of specific pathogens vary across different regions and evolve. This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of onychomycosis and the pattern of causative pathogens in Beijing, and to ascertain the in vitro antifungal susceptibility profiles of Trichophyton rubrum against itraconazole (ITR), terbinafine (TER), and fluconazole (FLU). Involving 245 patients of onychomycosis with positive fungal culture results, the study implemented internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) on all collected samples. The mean age of the participants was 37.93 ± 13.73 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.53:1. The prevalence of toenail infections was significantly higher than that of fingernails. Distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis (DLSO) were the most frequent clinical classifications. PCR results indicated that dermatophytes were the most prevalent pathogens, followed by yeasts and NDMs, among which T. rubrum was the most dominant dermatophyte. TER demonstrated high sensitivity to T. rubrum. However, in clinical settings, some patients with onychomycosis exhibit a poor response to TER treatment. The relationship between in vitro antifungal sensitivity and clinical effectiveness is complex, and understanding the link between in vitro MIC values and clinical efficacy requires further investigation.

The European prevalence of vitiligo diagnosis is 0.2%-0.8%, with country-specific and methodological differences. Although vitiligo profoundly impacts quality of life, limited studies have evaluated disease burden and treatment patterns. This real-world study describes the prevalence, incidence, characteristics, and treatment patterns of vitiligo among patients in Spain during 2015-2021. This retrospective observational study using the IQVIA Electronic Medical Records database in Spain included patients with vitiligo (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes 709.01/374.53). Incident and prevalent cohorts comprised registered patients with vitiligo diagnoses during and before 2015-2021, respectively. Patient characteristics and treatment data were extracted. Vitiligo incidence was 0.016 (95% CI: 0.014-0.018) per 100 person-years, and prevalence was 0.19% (95% CI: 0.18%-0.19%) in 2021. Females were more affected than males (0.16% vs 0.13%, respectively). Among 1,400 incident patients, mean (SD) age was 40.7 (19.7) years; most were female (53.9%). The most common comorbidities after vitiligo diagnosis were eczema (20.8%), hypercholesterolaemia/hypertriglyceridaemia (17.9%), anxiety (10.9%), thyroid disorders (9.1%), and diabetes (6.4%). In 2021, 78.6% of prevalent patients did not receive vitiligo-related treatments. The most prescribed vitiligo-related treatments were topical calcineurin inhibitors (13.9%) and topical corticosteroids (13.0%); 11.9% had a record of psychiatric medications. This study confirms the association between vitiligo and comorbidities (e.g., eczema, thyroid disorders) and high disease burden. The prevalence in Spain in 2021 (0.19%) was within the lower band of European estimates based on surveys/medical screenings. Most patients are not receiving vitiligo-related treatment and could benefit from new, effective treatments.