Pub Date : 2024-03-21DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11178
O. O. Afuye, S. O. Omotayo
Introduction: Vernonia amygdalina is a common shrub that is widely used and extracts from them have been traditionally used as remedies for treating diabetes mellitus in various parts of the world. The use of V. amygdalina to synthesize MgO nanoparticles has been used for various biomedical applications and it is compatible with anti-diabetic studies. This research investigates the in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of biosynthesized from aqueous V. amygdalina leaf extract. Methodology: Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina-MgO nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. FTIR validated the presence of functional groups, the crystallization and size (66nm) of the nanoparticles was validated by XRD while SEM confirmed the shape of the nanoparticles synthesized. Result: Qualitative screening confirmed the presence of saponin, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides while their concentrations were evaluated quantitatively. V. Amygdalina-MgONPs extract and acarbose showed significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 55.05% and 20.0% respectively. Conclusion: The study found that biosynthesized MgONPs-V. amygdalina aqueous extract has strong anti-diabetic properties, indicating its potential for diabetes treatment and management.
{"title":"Evaluation of In vitro Anti-Diabetic Properties of Biosynthesized Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles from Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter Leaf) Aqueous Leaf Extract","authors":"O. O. Afuye, S. O. Omotayo","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11178","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Vernonia amygdalina is a common shrub that is widely used and extracts from them have been traditionally used as remedies for treating diabetes mellitus in various parts of the world. The use of V. amygdalina to synthesize MgO nanoparticles has been used for various biomedical applications and it is compatible with anti-diabetic studies. This research investigates the in vitro anti-diabetic potentials of biosynthesized from aqueous V. amygdalina leaf extract.\u0000Methodology: Aqueous extract of V. amygdalina-MgO nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy techniques. FTIR validated the presence of functional groups, the crystallization and size (66nm) of the nanoparticles was validated by XRD while SEM confirmed the shape of the nanoparticles synthesized.\u0000Result: Qualitative screening confirmed the presence of saponin, flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides while their concentrations were evaluated quantitatively. V. Amygdalina-MgONPs extract and acarbose showed significant inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, with IC50 values of 55.05% and 20.0% respectively.\u0000Conclusion: The study found that biosynthesized MgONPs-V. amygdalina aqueous extract has strong anti-diabetic properties, indicating its potential for diabetes treatment and management.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"12 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140222171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11176
Ouattara Sitapha, K. Elisée, K. Mathieu, Appia Franck Hermann Desire, Y. A. Francis, N. David, D. Joseph
In Côte d'Ivoire, as elsewhere in Africa, Solanum anguivi Lam is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Given the importance of this plant, the extracts 70%, 80% and 100% from fresh and dried fruits was evaluated for the in vitro growth of two isolates of pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum), as well as its anti-free radical activity. Antifungal tests were carried out by plating 1000 cells of each isolate on Sabouraud agar medium using the double dilution method in inclined tubes. Both extracts were active on the different strains tested, according to a dose-response relationship based on the principle of the method used. However, extracts from fresh fruit showed good activity on C. albicans, while the dried fresh fruit extracts were highly active on T. rubrum.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of the Antifungal Activity of Fresh and Dried Solanum anguivi Fruits on Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum","authors":"Ouattara Sitapha, K. Elisée, K. Mathieu, Appia Franck Hermann Desire, Y. A. Francis, N. David, D. Joseph","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11176","url":null,"abstract":"In Côte d'Ivoire, as elsewhere in Africa, Solanum anguivi Lam is widely used in traditional medicine to treat bacterial and fungal infections. Given the importance of this plant, the extracts 70%, 80% and 100% from fresh and dried fruits was evaluated for the in vitro growth of two isolates of pathogenic fungi (Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum), as well as its anti-free radical activity. \u0000Antifungal tests were carried out by plating 1000 cells of each isolate on Sabouraud agar medium using the double dilution method in inclined tubes. Both extracts were active on the different strains tested, according to a dose-response relationship based on the principle of the method used. \u0000However, extracts from fresh fruit showed good activity on C. albicans, while the dried fresh fruit extracts were highly active on T. rubrum.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"18 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140081839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The leaves of Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae), a decorative plant native to Latin America, are used to treat hypertension in alternative medicine. However, the other parts of the plant have not yet been investigated for their antihypertensive properties. Aims: Our study aimed to investigate phytochemical groups with antihypertensive potential, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and the safety of using stems and roots hydroethanolic extracts. Methodology: Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and determining flavonoids and total polyphenols were carried out. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and LPO methods. The inhibitory activity of Phospholipase A2 and 15-lipoxygenase was determined. Finally, acute oral toxicity was carried out on female mice NMRI. Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of Odontonema strictum root (HE_ROS) and stem (HE_SOS) contain tannins, sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, and saponosides. HE_SOS gave the highest levels of flavonoids (23.69±1.10 mg QE/g) and total phenolics (64.15±4.02 mg TAE/g. The two hydroethanolic extracts had antioxidant activity, with HE_ROS being the best. However, these activities were lower than Trolox (p<0.05). The extracts have a moderate inhibitory effect on 15-lipoxygenase and Phospholipase A2. Finally, HE_ROS and HE_SOS are practically non-toxic when administered once orally. Conclusion: This study provided scientific data and could justify the use of Odontonema strictum in the treatment of hypertension.
{"title":"Phytochemical Profile, Acute Toxicity, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity of Hydroethanolic Extracts from Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae) Root and Stem","authors":"Nitiéma Mathieu, Belemnaba Lazare, Ouedraogo Windingoudi Rimwagna Christian, B. Mohamed, Ouédraogo Salfo, Koala Moumouni, Traoré Aristide, Ahounou Aïkpe Judith Fifamin, Ouédraogo Noufou, Kini Bondo Félix, Ouédraogo Sylvin","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11175","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The leaves of Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze (Acanthaceae), a decorative plant native to Latin America, are used to treat hypertension in alternative medicine. However, the other parts of the plant have not yet been investigated for their antihypertensive properties. Aims: Our study aimed to investigate phytochemical groups with antihypertensive potential, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and the safety of using stems and roots hydroethanolic extracts. \u0000Methodology: Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and determining flavonoids and total polyphenols were carried out. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using ABTS, FRAP, DPPH, and LPO methods. The inhibitory activity of Phospholipase A2 and 15-lipoxygenase was determined. Finally, acute oral toxicity was carried out on female mice NMRI. \u0000Results: The hydroethanolic extracts of Odontonema strictum root (HE_ROS) and stem (HE_SOS) contain tannins, sterols, triterpenes, flavonoids, and saponosides. HE_SOS gave the highest levels of flavonoids (23.69±1.10 mg QE/g) and total phenolics (64.15±4.02 mg TAE/g. The two hydroethanolic extracts had antioxidant activity, with HE_ROS being the best. However, these activities were lower than Trolox (p<0.05). The extracts have a moderate inhibitory effect on 15-lipoxygenase and Phospholipase A2. Finally, HE_ROS and HE_SOS are practically non-toxic when administered once orally. \u0000Conclusion: This study provided scientific data and could justify the use of Odontonema strictum in the treatment of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"57 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139960958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. It is often marketed for its physical and cognitive performance benefits. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. The ingestion of potentially toxic amounts of caffeine in the forms of energy drinks, over-the-counter supplements, addiction or use of anhydrous caffeine products places individuals at risk for accidental overdose. An overdose of this drug is not without its attendant consequences on the liver and the Kidney. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Citrullus vulgaris seed extracts on caffeine induced toxicity. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. They were induced with caffeine (100 mg/kg) and treated with graded doses (100, 300 and 500 mg/ kg bwt.) of aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris for 21 days. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were estimated. Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium ion) were also estimated. Plasma lipid profiling (total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was carried out and the liver and kidney of the rats were examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that administration of aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris restored the levels of the plasma enzymes, blood proteins, urea and creatinine as well as the levels of electrolytes close to normal control levels which were significantly altered by caffeine intoxication, Photomicrographs sections of the liver and kidney showed that the aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris was able to repair damage to organs caused by caffeine-intoxication. The study concluded that the aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris possesses ameliorative potential against hepatic and renal damage that arises from caffeine-intoxication.
{"title":"Assessment of Ameliorative Role of Citrullus vulgaris (Schrad) Seeds on Caffeine-induced Hepatic and Renal Dysfunction in Male Wistar Rats","authors":"A. Feyisayo, Suleiman Aishat Toyin, Obisakin Ayomiposi Blessing, Famurewa Akindele Joshua","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2024/v35i11174","url":null,"abstract":"Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive drug in the world. It is often marketed for its physical and cognitive performance benefits. Unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. The ingestion of potentially toxic amounts of caffeine in the forms of energy drinks, over-the-counter supplements, addiction or use of anhydrous caffeine products places individuals at risk for accidental overdose. An overdose of this drug is not without its attendant consequences on the liver and the Kidney. This study therefore aimed at evaluating the possible hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of Citrullus vulgaris seed extracts on caffeine induced toxicity. Thirty (30) male Wistar rats were divided into five groups. They were induced with caffeine (100 mg/kg) and treated with graded doses (100, 300 and 500 mg/ kg bwt.) of aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris for 21 days. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined and the concentrations of total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, creatinine and urea were estimated. Electrolytes (sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium ion) were also estimated. Plasma lipid profiling (total cholesterol, triacylglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was carried out and the liver and kidney of the rats were examined for histopathological changes. The results showed that administration of aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris restored the levels of the plasma enzymes, blood proteins, urea and creatinine as well as the levels of electrolytes close to normal control levels which were significantly altered by caffeine intoxication, Photomicrographs sections of the liver and kidney showed that the aqueous seeds extract of Citrullus vulgaris was able to repair damage to organs caused by caffeine-intoxication. The study concluded that the aqueous seeds extract of C. vulgaris possesses ameliorative potential against hepatic and renal damage that arises from caffeine-intoxication.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140510708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i111166
Lidji Casilde Jessica Sintes Ruth, Bolou Gbouhoury Eric-Kévin, Konan Gbê Kouakou N’dri Ange, N’guessan Jean David
Objectives: Gliricidia sepium and Xylopia aethiopica are frequently utilized in traditional medicine in Ivory Coast. To mitigate potential risks associated with their uninformed use, it is crucial to assess their safety levels. This study was aimed at evaluating the acute toxicity and analyzing the phytochemicals in ethanolic extracts of Gliricidia sepium leaf and Xylopia aethiopica fruit. Materials and Methods: Triphytochemistry was carried out using staining and precipitation methods. While the Metabolite determinations were conducted via spectrophotometry. The assessment of acute toxicity followed the OECD protocol 423, employing female rats of the Wistar strain. Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that Ethanolic extracts of Xylopia aethiopica fruit (XAF) contains 7.72% polyphenols, 4.09% alkaloids, 0.34% tannins, 0.12% saponins, and 0.001% terpenoids. In comparison, Gliricidia sepium leaf (GSL) exhibited levels of 7.49% polyphenols, 3.41% alkaloids, 0.47% tannins, 0.01% saponins, and 0.51% terpenoids. The acute toxicity study demonstrated the absence of mortality and major toxicity issues at maximum doses of 5000 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of XAF and GSL, do not exhibit any acute toxic effect and they both contain some phytochemicals. This validates the frequent utilization and provides assurance to communities usings these plants.
{"title":"Evaluation of Acute Toxicity and Phytochemical Analysis of Gliricidia sepium and Xylopia aethiopica Extracts","authors":"Lidji Casilde Jessica Sintes Ruth, Bolou Gbouhoury Eric-Kévin, Konan Gbê Kouakou N’dri Ange, N’guessan Jean David","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i111166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i111166","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Gliricidia sepium and Xylopia aethiopica are frequently utilized in traditional medicine in Ivory Coast. To mitigate potential risks associated with their uninformed use, it is crucial to assess their safety levels. This study was aimed at evaluating the acute toxicity and analyzing the phytochemicals in ethanolic extracts of Gliricidia sepium leaf and Xylopia aethiopica fruit. \u0000Materials and Methods: Triphytochemistry was carried out using staining and precipitation methods. While the Metabolite determinations were conducted via spectrophotometry. The assessment of acute toxicity followed the OECD protocol 423, employing female rats of the Wistar strain. \u0000Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed that Ethanolic extracts of Xylopia aethiopica fruit (XAF) contains 7.72% polyphenols, 4.09% alkaloids, 0.34% tannins, 0.12% saponins, and 0.001% terpenoids. In comparison, Gliricidia sepium leaf (GSL) exhibited levels of 7.49% polyphenols, 3.41% alkaloids, 0.47% tannins, 0.01% saponins, and 0.51% terpenoids. The acute toxicity study demonstrated the absence of mortality and major toxicity issues at maximum doses of 5000 mg/kg body weight. \u0000Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of XAF and GSL, do not exhibit any acute toxic effect and they both contain some phytochemicals. This validates the frequent utilization and provides assurance to communities usings these plants.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"97 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138954080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101165
Darlington Ugochukwu Onele, Ememobong Gideon Asuquo, C. Udobi, Chibuzor Nneamaka Nwosu, E. E. Akpanenang, Esther Chinonye Ugwoke
Plant-derived compounds are known to exhibit a direct antibacterial activity and or an indirect activity as antibiotic resistance modifying compounds, and when combined with antibiotics, increased effectiveness may be observed. In this study, effort was directed towards combining the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa with some antibiotics to observe their combination effects on some organisms of medical importance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and test antibiotics was determined using the checkerboard assay. Combination studies were carried out to ascertain the activities of the combinations against test organisms using the rate of kill assay and checkerboard assay. Results obtained confirmed interaction between the plant extract and the test antibiotics. It specifically confirmed synergistic interaction between Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid respectively and the extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Results obtained proved that in the search for alternative ways of combating bacterial infections, combination of plant extract with antibiotics could boost effectiveness and the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of Parkia biglobosa is a possible candidate for this purpose against two of the tested organisms.
{"title":"Effect of the Combination of Stem Bark Extract of Parkia biglobosa (Jacq) Benth and Certain Antibiotics against Some Organisms of Medical Importance","authors":"Darlington Ugochukwu Onele, Ememobong Gideon Asuquo, C. Udobi, Chibuzor Nneamaka Nwosu, E. E. Akpanenang, Esther Chinonye Ugwoke","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101165","url":null,"abstract":"Plant-derived compounds are known to exhibit a direct antibacterial activity and or an indirect activity as antibiotic resistance modifying compounds, and when combined with antibiotics, increased effectiveness may be observed. In this study, effort was directed towards combining the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa with some antibiotics to observe their combination effects on some organisms of medical importance. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and test antibiotics was determined using the checkerboard assay. Combination studies were carried out to ascertain the activities of the combinations against test organisms using the rate of kill assay and checkerboard assay. Results obtained confirmed interaction between the plant extract and the test antibiotics. It specifically confirmed synergistic interaction between Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Nalidixic acid respectively and the extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Results obtained proved that in the search for alternative ways of combating bacterial infections, combination of plant extract with antibiotics could boost effectiveness and the aqueous fraction of the methanol extract of Parkia biglobosa is a possible candidate for this purpose against two of the tested organisms.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101164
Lucy J. Mwankunda, Frida Nyamete, Beatrice Kilima
Consumers nowadays are becoming more aware of the importance of using meat products containing safe and natural additives. Hence, using natural food additives to extend the shelf life of meat along with delaying microbial growth is important. Given the increasingly popular view of Moringa oleifera leaves as a traditional remedy a study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract on grounded meat. The study evaluated the physico-chemical, microbial, and organoleptic qualities of ground beef treated with, 0.5%1%, 1.5%, and 2% levels of aqueous solution of extract of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves during refrigerated storage at 4 ◦C. The meat samples treated with 1.5% crude extract of drumstick leaves significantly (P<0.05) improved meat pH, juiciness, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability scores as compared to control and other treated samples. Microbial load in terms of Aerobic Plate Count (APC) was found to be decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in treated samples which 2% treatment was more effective. The lightness (L*), redness (a*) yellowness (b*) values significantly decrease which 2% has decrease more. The pH of ground beef showed a slight increase during storage but Moringa extract does not significantly affect the pH of the meat.
{"title":"Exploring the Influence of Moringa oleifera Leaves Extract on the Shelf Life of Ground Beef during Refrigerated Storage","authors":"Lucy J. Mwankunda, Frida Nyamete, Beatrice Kilima","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101164","url":null,"abstract":"Consumers nowadays are becoming more aware of the importance of using meat products containing safe and natural additives. Hence, using natural food additives to extend the shelf life of meat along with delaying microbial growth is important. Given the increasingly popular view of Moringa oleifera leaves as a traditional remedy a study was designed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous extract on grounded meat. The study evaluated the physico-chemical, microbial, and organoleptic qualities of ground beef treated with, 0.5%1%, 1.5%, and 2% levels of aqueous solution of extract of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) leaves during refrigerated storage at 4 ◦C. The meat samples treated with 1.5% crude extract of drumstick leaves significantly (P<0.05) improved meat pH, juiciness, texture, flavor, taste, and overall acceptability scores as compared to control and other treated samples. Microbial load in terms of Aerobic Plate Count (APC) was found to be decreased significantly (P< 0.05) in treated samples which 2% treatment was more effective. The lightness (L*), redness (a*) yellowness (b*) values significantly decrease which 2% has decrease more. The pH of ground beef showed a slight increase during storage but Moringa extract does not significantly affect the pH of the meat.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"29 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139237483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-22DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101163
Philippe Kessé N’da, Syndoux Dembélé, E. Koffi, Emile Kouassi Bebgin, A. Adima
Aims: This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts from four plants used in the Yamoussoukro district (Côte d'Ivoire) for the treatment of diabetes. Methodology: Secondary metabolites of four plants (Alchornea cordifolia, Ocimum gratissimum, Tetrapleura tetraptera and Vernonia colorata) were carried out by phytochemical screening using appropriate reagents. Polyphenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin- ciocalteu colorimetric method. The antioxidant activity of the various extracts was then assessed in vitro using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) assay. Acute toxicity was also assessed by administering extracts orally to mice in single increasing doses. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities were determined by monitoring blood glucose levels in mice after administration of the extracts. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, as well as alkaloids, saponosides, terpenes and sterols in all extracts. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained with the V. colorata extract (58.10 mg/g QE). The A. cordifolia extract had the highest content of total polyphenols (57.56 ± 2.34 mg/g GAE) and total tannins (0.84 ± 0.02 mg/g TAE). Also, the highest antioxidant capacity (0.4190 mg/mL) was observed with the A. cordifolia extract, as well as good hypoglycemic activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. In addition, all the extracts studied had a lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg BW. Conclusion and Outlook: These results show that the plant extracts studied contain several secondary metabolites responsible for their good antioxidant capacities. What's more, the plants studied have good anti-diabetic activity and are non-toxic by the oral route. This could justify their use in traditional medicine to combat diabetes.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity of four Medicinal Plants for Antidiabetic Purposes Used in the Ivorian Pharmacopoeia","authors":"Philippe Kessé N’da, Syndoux Dembélé, E. Koffi, Emile Kouassi Bebgin, A. Adima","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101163","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of aqueous extracts from four plants used in the Yamoussoukro district (Côte d'Ivoire) for the treatment of diabetes. Methodology: Secondary metabolites of four plants (Alchornea cordifolia, Ocimum gratissimum, Tetrapleura tetraptera and Vernonia colorata) were carried out by phytochemical screening using appropriate reagents. Polyphenol and tannin contents were determined using the Folin- ciocalteu colorimetric method. The antioxidant activity of the various extracts was then assessed in vitro using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) assay. Acute toxicity was also assessed by administering extracts orally to mice in single increasing doses. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities were determined by monitoring blood glucose levels in mice after administration of the extracts. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of polyphenols, particularly flavonoids, as well as alkaloids, saponosides, terpenes and sterols in all extracts. The highest total flavonoid content was obtained with the V. colorata extract (58.10 mg/g QE). The A. cordifolia extract had the highest content of total polyphenols (57.56 ± 2.34 mg/g GAE) and total tannins (0.84 ± 0.02 mg/g TAE). Also, the highest antioxidant capacity (0.4190 mg/mL) was observed with the A. cordifolia extract, as well as good hypoglycemic activity at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. In addition, all the extracts studied had a lethal dose greater than 5000 mg/kg BW. Conclusion and Outlook: These results show that the plant extracts studied contain several secondary metabolites responsible for their good antioxidant capacities. What's more, the plants studied have good anti-diabetic activity and are non-toxic by the oral route. This could justify their use in traditional medicine to combat diabetes.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"60 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139247412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162
John E. Moyegbone, E. E. Onoikhua, F. A. Fregene, Kingsley N. Jacob, Israel O. Efejene, E. I. Anowa, O. Akuirene, Emmanuel E. Agege, J. Odoko, E. Nwose
Aim: What we eat plays a vital role in human health with no exception to the eye which results to either good or poor vision. This review aimed at determining how what we eat affect age-related eye diseases and the role of antioxidants in phytochemical compound in preventing age-related eye diseases. Study Design: A non-systematic review and evaluation of published literatures was done through web search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar using Mendeley reference library for citation. Methodology: A total of 48 articles were reviewed using the key words such as ‘’you are what you eat,’’ Age-related eye diseases, Antioxidants, Phytochemical compounds, Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals Results: Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as refined grains, processed meats, added sugar and saturated fatty foods might increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, chronically elevated blood glucose, chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased protein damage leading to initiation and progression of systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart related diseases, as well as age-related eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Findings also showed that many botanical compounds such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, ginseng, and many more, present in food exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that helps in ameliorating the destructive roles of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Phytochemicals with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, could be of benefit in preventing age-related eye diseases. Consumption of products containing these phytochemicals is recommended to provide noninvasive alternatives for protection, prevention and treatments of the major systemic and age-related eye diseases.
{"title":"You Are What You Eat: Preventive Roles of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Age-related Eye Diseases","authors":"John E. Moyegbone, E. E. Onoikhua, F. A. Fregene, Kingsley N. Jacob, Israel O. Efejene, E. I. Anowa, O. Akuirene, Emmanuel E. Agege, J. Odoko, E. Nwose","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: What we eat plays a vital role in human health with no exception to the eye which results to either good or poor vision. This review aimed at determining how what we eat affect age-related eye diseases and the role of antioxidants in phytochemical compound in preventing age-related eye diseases. Study Design: A non-systematic review and evaluation of published literatures was done through web search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar using Mendeley reference library for citation. Methodology: A total of 48 articles were reviewed using the key words such as ‘’you are what you eat,’’ Age-related eye diseases, Antioxidants, Phytochemical compounds, Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals Results: Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as refined grains, processed meats, added sugar and saturated fatty foods might increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, chronically elevated blood glucose, chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased protein damage leading to initiation and progression of systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart related diseases, as well as age-related eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Findings also showed that many botanical compounds such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, ginseng, and many more, present in food exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that helps in ameliorating the destructive roles of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Phytochemicals with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, could be of benefit in preventing age-related eye diseases. Consumption of products containing these phytochemicals is recommended to provide noninvasive alternatives for protection, prevention and treatments of the major systemic and age-related eye diseases.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"123 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161
None Peneme B. M. L., None Akassa H., None Ondélé R., None Backala Lanzah A., None Etou Ossibi A. W., None Abena A. A.
The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo, and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger on the reproductive function of the rat. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 days. Acute toxicity was previously assessed in mice. The results of the acute toxicity study at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of each extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice. Pharmacological tests with rats showed that aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids.
{"title":"Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Sexual Parameters in Female Wistar Rats","authors":"None Peneme B. M. L., None Akassa H., None Ondélé R., None Backala Lanzah A., None Etou Ossibi A. W., None Abena A. A.","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo, and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger on the reproductive function of the rat. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 days. Acute toxicity was previously assessed in mice. The results of the acute toxicity study at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of each extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice. Pharmacological tests with rats showed that aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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