Pub Date : 2023-08-11DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81151
A. F. Adepoju, I. O. Sobowale, O. Adenuga
Coffee plays an important role in the global economy, human health and society. It is one of the major cash crops constituting the backbone of the Nigerian economy before the emergence and re-emergence of petroleum oil. Molecular markers are reliable and valuable tool for analyzing polymorphism, screening and selection of desirable genotypes in breeding programs. The study aimed at determining the genetic diversity among coffee genotypes. Fifty genotypes of coffee (Coffea spp) collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) germplasm were assessed using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The findings revealed that polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged between 0.311 and 0.882 with an average of 0.545. The gene diversity (0.602) was high and the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the genotypes into four major clusters with subclusters. The results revealed high levels of polymorphism indicating genetic diversity and confirm uniqueness among the coffee genotypes.
咖啡在全球经济、人类健康和社会中发挥着重要作用。在石油出现和重新出现之前，它是构成尼日利亚经济支柱的主要经济作物之一。分子标记是分析多态性、筛选和选择育种中理想基因型的可靠和有价值的工具。该研究旨在确定咖啡基因型之间的遗传多样性。利用12个SSR标记对尼日利亚可可研究所(CRIN)的50个咖啡(Coffea spp)种质资源进行了鉴定。多态信息含量(PIC)在0.311 ~ 0.882之间，平均为0.545。利用UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis of arithmetic average)树形图将基因型划分为4个主要聚类和亚聚类。结果显示高水平的多态性表明遗传多样性，证实了咖啡基因型之间的独特性。
{"title":"Genetic Diversity of Coffee Genotypes Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers","authors":"A. F. Adepoju, I. O. Sobowale, O. Adenuga","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81151","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee plays an important role in the global economy, human health and society. It is one of the major cash crops constituting the backbone of the Nigerian economy before the emergence and re-emergence of petroleum oil. Molecular markers are reliable and valuable tool for analyzing polymorphism, screening and selection of desirable genotypes in breeding programs. The study aimed at determining the genetic diversity among coffee genotypes. Fifty genotypes of coffee (Coffea spp) collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) germplasm were assessed using 12 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The findings revealed that polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged between 0.311 and 0.882 with an average of 0.545. The gene diversity (0.602) was high and the Unweighted Pair Group Method of Analysis using arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram grouped the genotypes into four major clusters with subclusters. The results revealed high levels of polymorphism indicating genetic diversity and confirm uniqueness among the coffee genotypes.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84278256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81150
R. Mastuti, A. Munawarti, D. Siswanto
The success of the in vitro culture technique is influenced by many factors, including the type of explants, culture medium and exogenous plant growth regulators (PGR). These factors greatly influence the speed and effectiveness of plant regeneration as well as the profile of the phytochemical compounds produced. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the PGR combination on the growth response of in vitro node explants as well as the phytochemical profiles of Ocimum sp. Node explants obtained from 2 weeks old in vitro seedlings were cultured on MS medium with the addition of PGR, namely BAP and Kinetin (0.2 and 5 mg/l) combined with NAA (0.1 and 0.2 mg/l) and synthetic cytokinins alone namely Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The growth response of the explants and the potential for regeneration were observed for 8 weeks of culture. Effects of adding activated charcoal (AC) to root media were observed on growth of plantlets aged 2 weeks. Phytochemical profile of In vitro shoot was analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS to be compared with its profile in in vitro callus tissue. The results showed that MS medium with the addition of a combination of cytokinin and auxin was able to induce shoot regeneration in node explants of Ocimum sp. in vitro. The Kinetin/NAA combination produced better shoot height growth, while the BAP/NAA combination produced a higher leaves number. Thidiazuron at all concentrations was able to induce shoots that were more likely to form rosettes. The addition of AC to the rooting medium did not have a positive effect on the response of shoot and plantlet growth. Chromatographic screening showed different profiles of secondary compounds in the callus and shoot tissues of Ocimum sp. in vitro. Callus composed of actively dividing cells do not produce some of the secondary compounds as produced by in vitro shoots. This shows the difference in the potential of cells or tissues in synthesizing secondary metabolites.
{"title":"Shoot Culture of Ocimum sp. and Its Phytochemical Profile","authors":"R. Mastuti, A. Munawarti, D. Siswanto","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81150","url":null,"abstract":"The success of the in vitro culture technique is influenced by many factors, including the type of explants, culture medium and exogenous plant growth regulators (PGR). These factors greatly influence the speed and effectiveness of plant regeneration as well as the profile of the phytochemical compounds produced. Therefore, this study aims to determine the effect of the PGR combination on the growth response of in vitro node explants as well as the phytochemical profiles of Ocimum sp. Node explants obtained from 2 weeks old in vitro seedlings were cultured on MS medium with the addition of PGR, namely BAP and Kinetin (0.2 and 5 mg/l) combined with NAA (0.1 and 0.2 mg/l) and synthetic cytokinins alone namely Thidiazuron (TDZ) (1, 3, and 5 mg/l). The growth response of the explants and the potential for regeneration were observed for 8 weeks of culture. Effects of adding activated charcoal (AC) to root media were observed on growth of plantlets aged 2 weeks. Phytochemical profile of In vitro shoot was analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS to be compared with its profile in in vitro callus tissue. The results showed that MS medium with the addition of a combination of cytokinin and auxin was able to induce shoot regeneration in node explants of Ocimum sp. in vitro. The Kinetin/NAA combination produced better shoot height growth, while the BAP/NAA combination produced a higher leaves number. Thidiazuron at all concentrations was able to induce shoots that were more likely to form rosettes. The addition of AC to the rooting medium did not have a positive effect on the response of shoot and plantlet growth. Chromatographic screening showed different profiles of secondary compounds in the callus and shoot tissues of Ocimum sp. in vitro. Callus composed of actively dividing cells do not produce some of the secondary compounds as produced by in vitro shoots. This shows the difference in the potential of cells or tissues in synthesizing secondary metabolites.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87033650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-08DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71149
Komlavi Mawuto Benjamin Apedjinou, Sabrina Sanvee, Komlan M Dossou-Yovo, Mindédé Assih, Essotolom Badjabaissi, Aboudoulatif Diallo, B. Bakoma
Background and Objectives: Fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa or “African mustard” are widely consumed in Togo. These fermented seeds are known to have a protective effect against the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the decoction of fermented seeds on cardiovascular system. Methods: The fermented seeds have been subjected to physicochemical tests. A decoction was prepared and underwent qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests. The decoction was also administered intravenously to rabbits at cumulative doses (17.5 mg / kg; 35 mg / kg; 70 mg / kg and 140 mg / kg) to assess the effect of Parkia biglobosa fermented seeds on the cardiovascular system. Parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were then recorded. Results: The fermented seeds had a water content of 8.1 ± 0.2%, the total ash content was 21 ± 0.4% and the content of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of 2.3 ± 0.1%. The extract contained alkaloids, cardiac glycosides (with a content of 13.9 ± 0.2 µg equivalent of Digoxin / mg of extract) and saponins. The decoction causes a dose-dependent hypotension and bradycardia at 140mg / kg. The ECG shows a decrease of the amplitude of QRS complex at doses of 70 mg / kg and 140 mg / kg. Conclusion: The decoction has a dose-dependent hypotensive effect probably linked to its cardiotonic glycosides.
{"title":"Cardiovascular Effect of the Fermented Seeds of Parkia biglobosa on Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus","authors":"Komlavi Mawuto Benjamin Apedjinou, Sabrina Sanvee, Komlan M Dossou-Yovo, Mindédé Assih, Essotolom Badjabaissi, Aboudoulatif Diallo, B. Bakoma","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71149","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Fermented seeds of Parkia biglobosa or “African mustard” are widely consumed in Togo. These fermented seeds are known to have a protective effect against the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the decoction of fermented seeds on cardiovascular system. \u0000Methods: The fermented seeds have been subjected to physicochemical tests. A decoction was prepared and underwent qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests. The decoction was also administered intravenously to rabbits at cumulative doses (17.5 mg / kg; 35 mg / kg; 70 mg / kg and 140 mg / kg) to assess the effect of Parkia biglobosa fermented seeds on the cardiovascular system. Parameters such as blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiogram (ECG) were then recorded. \u0000Results: The fermented seeds had a water content of 8.1 ± 0.2%, the total ash content was 21 ± 0.4% and the content of ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of 2.3 ± 0.1%. The extract contained alkaloids, cardiac glycosides (with a content of 13.9 ± 0.2 µg equivalent of Digoxin / mg of extract) and saponins. The decoction causes a dose-dependent hypotension and bradycardia at 140mg / kg. The ECG shows a decrease of the amplitude of QRS complex at doses of 70 mg / kg and 140 mg / kg. \u0000Conclusion: The decoction has a dose-dependent hypotensive effect probably linked to its cardiotonic glycosides.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84150470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Inflammation is implicated in many disorders, including communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is a key enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins implicated in inflammatory disorders. Garcinia kola and Vernonia amygdalina are medicinal plants being used for treating various ailments in many parts of the world and extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on them. Five phytochemicals were selected from the two plants; aspirin and celecoxib were used as reference drugs. This study investigated the interactions of the seven ligands with the Cox-2 enzyme, using in silico molecular biology techniques. Materials and Methods: The 3-D structures of the seven ligands were retrieved from the PubChem database in their Structure Data Format (SDF). Cox-2 was retrieved in its Protein Data Bank (PDB) format. The ligands and the protein were converted to their pdbqt formats through the open babel software. The Cox-2 was docked with the ligands using the Auto-Dock Vina software. The binding energies and the root mean square deviation values were noted. Pharmacophore modeling was visualized by using the Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer. One of the ligands (luteolin) was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation using the desmond maestro software. Results: While celecoxib had the best binding property with Cox-2 (-10.8 kcal/mol, 3 H bonds), the five ligands from the two plants had better binding properties than aspirin (which had -6.5kcal/mol, 1 H bond). Kolaviron, from G. kola (-9.1 kcal/mol, 3 H bonds) and luteolin, from V. amygdalina (-8.5kcal/mol, 2 H bonds) demonstrated the best binding properties among the five phytochemicals. Additional interactions of H bonds and hydrophobic bonds were noticed post molecular dynamics simulation of luteolin with Cox-2, indicating dynamic forces’ fluctuations. MD simulations showed that Ser530 and Tyr385 were the best amino acid side chains that interacted with luteolin for the stabilization of the protein-ligand complex. Conclusion: The energy values and protein-ligand interactions indicate affinity and stability of the complex. Luteolin can be taken as a promising drug target and subjected to ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties analysis and clinical trials. This is especially important in view of the various side effects associated with both nonselective and selective Cox-2 inhibitors, including aspirin and celecoxib.
{"title":"Elucidating the Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Garcinia kola and Vernonia amygdalina through in silico Molecular Biology Techniques","authors":"O. Morebise, Chimere Chukuka, Otitosan Adeleke, Kimberley Jilliene Alexander, Carolyn Ezenwa, Khaleed Desmond Ajadi, Wisdom Ikpama, Erica Makuochukwu Iyke-Anunagba, Kurlyene Adrienne Jackson","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71148","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Inflammation is implicated in many disorders, including communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) is a key enzyme involved in the production of prostaglandins implicated in inflammatory disorders. Garcinia kola and Vernonia amygdalina are medicinal plants being used for treating various ailments in many parts of the world and extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been conducted on them. Five phytochemicals were selected from the two plants; aspirin and celecoxib were used as reference drugs. This study investigated the interactions of the seven ligands with the Cox-2 enzyme, using in silico molecular biology techniques.\u0000Materials and Methods: The 3-D structures of the seven ligands were retrieved from the PubChem database in their Structure Data Format (SDF). Cox-2 was retrieved in its Protein Data Bank (PDB) format. The ligands and the protein were converted to their pdbqt formats through the open babel software. The Cox-2 was docked with the ligands using the Auto-Dock Vina software. The binding energies and the root mean square deviation values were noted. Pharmacophore modeling was visualized by using the Biovia Discovery Studio Visualizer. One of the ligands (luteolin) was further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation using the desmond maestro software.\u0000Results: While celecoxib had the best binding property with Cox-2 (-10.8 kcal/mol, 3 H bonds), the five ligands from the two plants had better binding properties than aspirin (which had -6.5kcal/mol, 1 H bond). Kolaviron, from G. kola (-9.1 kcal/mol, 3 H bonds) and luteolin, from V. amygdalina (-8.5kcal/mol, 2 H bonds) demonstrated the best binding properties among the five phytochemicals. Additional interactions of H bonds and hydrophobic bonds were noticed post molecular dynamics simulation of luteolin with Cox-2, indicating dynamic forces’ fluctuations. MD simulations showed that Ser530 and Tyr385 were the best amino acid side chains that interacted with luteolin for the stabilization of the protein-ligand complex.\u0000Conclusion: The energy values and protein-ligand interactions indicate affinity and stability of the complex. Luteolin can be taken as a promising drug target and subjected to ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties analysis and clinical trials. This is especially important in view of the various side effects associated with both nonselective and selective Cox-2 inhibitors, including aspirin and celecoxib.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76121445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-02DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71147
Abhishek Dhanki, Kunal N. Odedra, B. Jadeja
Biologically active chemicals with anticancer properties have been discovered in marine Rhodophyceae seaweed Hypnea valentiae, coastal red algae species, was obtained from the coasts of Porbandar and Kuchhdi, Gujarat, India. In this present study, marine red algae Hypnea valentiae extract is used for the analysis of physicochemical, phytochemical Chromosomal Aberrations and MTT anti-cancer activity. Despite tremendous advancements in medicine, infectious diseases continue to pose a significant threat to public health. Various synthetic medications have developed resistance to infectious diseases in recent years. As a result, medicinal plants contain a variety of phytochemicals that can be used to treat a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases. The Proanthocyanidin content of Hypnea valentiae (0.11mg/g) and physicochemical parameter like of moisture in the seaweed was 88.98 %, the amount of ash was 16.95 % and Carbonated ash accounted for 26.67%. The physicochemical parameters like different ash values and moisture content are plant-specific and they help to ensure the purity of the drug and also prevent adulteration. MTT assay against HeLa cell line human cervical cancer was used to estimate cell viability and outcomes showed excellent results against HeLa cell lines Human cervical cancer cell lines. In our experiment on Chromosomal Aberrations Seaweed H. valentinea cannot damage normal chromosomes and cannot affect any part of chromosomes or chromatin. Based on these results, it is concluded that the marine macro seaweed extracts from the Gujarat coast have cytotoxic against cancer cells and have potential, which could be considered for identifying novel natural drugs and future applications in medicine from the marine resources.
{"title":"Unveiling the Biomedical Potential of Hypnea valentiae: Isolation and Characterization of Phytochemicals with Anticancer Activity","authors":"Abhishek Dhanki, Kunal N. Odedra, B. Jadeja","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71147","url":null,"abstract":"Biologically active chemicals with anticancer properties have been discovered in marine Rhodophyceae seaweed Hypnea valentiae, coastal red algae species, was obtained from the coasts of Porbandar and Kuchhdi, Gujarat, India. In this present study, marine red algae Hypnea valentiae extract is used for the analysis of physicochemical, phytochemical Chromosomal Aberrations and MTT anti-cancer activity. Despite tremendous advancements in medicine, infectious diseases continue to pose a significant threat to public health. Various synthetic medications have developed resistance to infectious diseases in recent years. As a result, medicinal plants contain a variety of phytochemicals that can be used to treat a variety of oxidative stress-related diseases. The Proanthocyanidin content of Hypnea valentiae (0.11mg/g) and physicochemical parameter like of moisture in the seaweed was 88.98 %, the amount of ash was 16.95 % and Carbonated ash accounted for 26.67%. The physicochemical parameters like different ash values and moisture content are plant-specific and they help to ensure the purity of the drug and also prevent adulteration. MTT assay against HeLa cell line human cervical cancer was used to estimate cell viability and outcomes showed excellent results against HeLa cell lines Human cervical cancer cell lines. In our experiment on Chromosomal Aberrations Seaweed H. valentinea cannot damage normal chromosomes and cannot affect any part of chromosomes or chromatin. Based on these results, it is concluded that the marine macro seaweed extracts from the Gujarat coast have cytotoxic against cancer cells and have potential, which could be considered for identifying novel natural drugs and future applications in medicine from the marine resources.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85829896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71146
Athoya Delarosa, Ryan Proxy Hendrawan, E. Halimah
Medicinal plants are garnering widespread interest in scientific circles due to their consistent pharmacological activities, which make them beneficial in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Costus speciosus, commonly known as crepe ginger, is an herbaceous plant native to Mexico that belongs to the family Costaceae (zingiberaceae). Creep Ginger is known to have many medicinal effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential antidiabetic activities. The aim of this review was to investigate the phytochemical compounds and potential antioxidant activity in Costus speciosus. The following information on the phytoconstituents of the species Costus speciosus was acquired from online scientific databases using NCBI, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Molecules, Elsevier, and Research Gate searches. Phytochemical analysis from several studies showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins in the extract. The parts of Costus speciosus that are used as medicinal plants are usually the leaf, rhizome, and roots. The results suggest that the presence of a wide range of phytochemical compounds from extracts of Costus speciosus may be used to estimate potential antioxidant activity using the DPPH methods. Extracts with methanol as a solvent show that DPPH has considerable antiscavenging activity and the present study on alkaloids indicates that their contents are responsible for the high antioxidant activity. Antioxidant capacity is indicated by the values of EC50 and IC50. This review study may help future research activities on Costus speciosus by providing up-to-date information and relevant data.
{"title":"Screening of Costus speciosus and Determination of Antioxidant Potential Using DPPH Method: A Review","authors":"Athoya Delarosa, Ryan Proxy Hendrawan, E. Halimah","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71146","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are garnering widespread interest in scientific circles due to their consistent pharmacological activities, which make them beneficial in the treatment of a variety of ailments. Costus speciosus, commonly known as crepe ginger, is an herbaceous plant native to Mexico that belongs to the family Costaceae (zingiberaceae). Creep Ginger is known to have many medicinal effects, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential antidiabetic activities. The aim of this review was to investigate the phytochemical compounds and potential antioxidant activity in Costus speciosus. The following information on the phytoconstituents of the species Costus speciosus was acquired from online scientific databases using NCBI, Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Molecules, Elsevier, and Research Gate searches. Phytochemical analysis from several studies showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenolic compounds, tannins, terpenoids, and saponins in the extract. The parts of Costus speciosus that are used as medicinal plants are usually the leaf, rhizome, and roots. The results suggest that the presence of a wide range of phytochemical compounds from extracts of Costus speciosus may be used to estimate potential antioxidant activity using the DPPH methods. Extracts with methanol as a solvent show that DPPH has considerable antiscavenging activity and the present study on alkaloids indicates that their contents are responsible for the high antioxidant activity. Antioxidant capacity is indicated by the values of EC50 and IC50. This review study may help future research activities on Costus speciosus by providing up-to-date information and relevant data.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82065916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71145
R. Zintchem, Gaëtan Olivier Fankem, Joseph Ngakou Mukam, A. Sanda, E. T. Fokunang, B. Njinkio, P. A. Noubissi, Pascal Sonna, C. Fokunang, R. Kamgang
Mallotus oppositifolium. Müll. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly used in the Center Region of Cameroon against diarrheal syndromes and joint pains. In order to provide a scientific basis for its use in the traditional treatment of diarrhea, we proposed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of the leaves of this plant on the characteristic patterns of diarrhea. The ethnopharmacological approach was carried out in Gouifé village in Bafia (Cameroon) by observing traditional therapeutic practices and by the interview of 5 traditional therapists and 11 of their patients about the traditional treatment of diarrheal syndromes. The leaf extracts of M. oppositifolium was extracted by decoction and the product at the doses of 31.25, 62.50 and 125 mg/kg body weight was tested in vivo on castor oil-induced secretory and motor diarrhea in rats, using standard antidirrhea techniques. The diarrhea was induced in the rats using standard inducing procedure. The decoction leave extract were found to act against castor oil-induced secretory diarrhoea in rats as it increased significantly the time to onset of diarrhoeal stools in a dose-dependent manner at all the doses investigated (p < 0.01) compared to animals who received distilled water. The mass and volume of intestinal contents, compared with Loperamide (36.80%) and distilled water 52.50% (p < 0.05), decreased significantly by 9.70% and 32. 60% at 32.25 mg/kg, 38.80% (p < 0.01) and 49.80% (0.05) at 62.5 mg/kg and 28.90% (p < 0.05) and 37.30% at 125 mg/kg, respectively. The decoction extract was also active against motile diarrhea as it increased significantly the time to onset of charcoal-stained diarrheal stools. Compared to distilled water (70 min), 80 min (p < 0.05), 118 min (p < 0.01) and 207 min (p < 0.01) for the extract doses of 32.25, 62.50 and 125 mg/kg animal weight respectively. The mass and the frequency of the stool output were reduced significantly by all the doses of the extract used in this study. This extract slowed fecal progression by 81.80%, 76% (p < 0.05) and 72% (p < 0.01) at 32.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg respectively. A chemical fractionation by separation and purification using various chromatographic methods (column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, "flash" Chromatography on silica gel G60…) of M. oppositifolium leaves extract with dichloro methane/ methanol revealed the presence of metabolites such as sterols, quercetin, diosmetin, quercitrin. Some of these components have known antidiarrheal properties that would justify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of diarrhea.
{"title":"Ethopharmacological Approach, in vivo Antidiarrhoeic Properties of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Mallotus oppositifolium (Euphorbiaceae) and Isolation of Antidiarrheal Compound","authors":"R. Zintchem, Gaëtan Olivier Fankem, Joseph Ngakou Mukam, A. Sanda, E. T. Fokunang, B. Njinkio, P. A. Noubissi, Pascal Sonna, C. Fokunang, R. Kamgang","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i71145","url":null,"abstract":"Mallotus oppositifolium. Müll. Arg (Euphorbiaceae) is commonly used in the Center Region of Cameroon against diarrheal syndromes and joint pains. In order to provide a scientific basis for its use in the traditional treatment of diarrhea, we proposed to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of the leaves of this plant on the characteristic patterns of diarrhea. The ethnopharmacological approach was carried out in Gouifé village in Bafia (Cameroon) by observing traditional therapeutic practices and by the interview of 5 traditional therapists and 11 of their patients about the traditional treatment of diarrheal syndromes. The leaf extracts of M. oppositifolium was extracted by decoction and the product at the doses of 31.25, 62.50 and 125 mg/kg body weight was tested in vivo on castor oil-induced secretory and motor diarrhea in rats, using standard antidirrhea techniques. The diarrhea was induced in the rats using standard inducing procedure. The decoction leave extract were found to act against castor oil-induced secretory diarrhoea in rats as it increased significantly the time to onset of diarrhoeal stools in a dose-dependent manner at all the doses investigated (p < 0.01) compared to animals who received distilled water. The mass and volume of intestinal contents, compared with Loperamide (36.80%) and distilled water 52.50% (p < 0.05), decreased significantly by 9.70% and 32. 60% at 32.25 mg/kg, 38.80% (p < 0.01) and 49.80% (0.05) at 62.5 mg/kg and 28.90% (p < 0.05) and 37.30% at 125 mg/kg, respectively. The decoction extract was also active against motile diarrhea as it increased significantly the time to onset of charcoal-stained diarrheal stools. Compared to distilled water (70 min), 80 min (p < 0.05), 118 min (p < 0.01) and 207 min (p < 0.01) for the extract doses of 32.25, 62.50 and 125 mg/kg animal weight respectively. The mass and the frequency of the stool output were reduced significantly by all the doses of the extract used in this study. This extract slowed fecal progression by 81.80%, 76% (p < 0.05) and 72% (p < 0.01) at 32.25, 62.5 and 125 mg/kg respectively. A chemical fractionation by separation and purification using various chromatographic methods (column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, \"flash\" Chromatography on silica gel G60…) of M. oppositifolium leaves extract with dichloro methane/ methanol revealed the presence of metabolites such as sterols, quercetin, diosmetin, quercitrin. Some of these components have known antidiarrheal properties that would justify the traditional use of the plant in the treatment of diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90989191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61144
Wilfrida Adolfu Kimario, F. Mgonja, J. Mushi, G. Bakari, Benigni A Temba
Introduction: Traditional medicines (TMs) play a vital role in the public healthcare system of Tanzania and other sub-Saharan countries. The community has been advocating for greater recognition and formalization of this sector. Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the community's knowledge and views on formalization to maximize the beneficial use of TMs in Tanzania. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the university community, involving a total of 458 students and staff from three major public universities in Tanzania. Participants were interviewed regarding their history, knowledge, and inclination towards using TMs. They were also asked about their opinions on community involvement and the necessity of strengthening the formalization of education and usage in this field. Results: The results revealed that 84.7% of the participants had utilized TMs, with 71.6% currently using them and 16.8% using them on a regular basis. Furthermore, 30.5% of the participants agreed that the community is aware of the importance of TMs, while 18.8% believed that the community receives adequate education regarding their significance. Additionally, 33.6% indicated that the government recognizes and promotes the importance of TMs. The study also found strong community support for introducing TM practitioners who can attend to patients and provide TMs. There was also strong support for formalizing education on TMs within the Tanzanian education system. Conclusion: The study's findings underscore the significance of recognizing and leveraging traditional medications to improve public health and preserve the benefits of local knowledge.
{"title":"Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices of Tanzanian University Communities Regarding the Use and Formalization of Traditional Medicine","authors":"Wilfrida Adolfu Kimario, F. Mgonja, J. Mushi, G. Bakari, Benigni A Temba","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61144","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Traditional medicines (TMs) play a vital role in the public healthcare system of Tanzania and other sub-Saharan countries. The community has been advocating for greater recognition and formalization of this sector. \u0000Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the community's knowledge and views on formalization to maximize the beneficial use of TMs in Tanzania. \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the university community, involving a total of 458 students and staff from three major public universities in Tanzania. Participants were interviewed regarding their history, knowledge, and inclination towards using TMs. They were also asked about their opinions on community involvement and the necessity of strengthening the formalization of education and usage in this field. \u0000Results: The results revealed that 84.7% of the participants had utilized TMs, with 71.6% currently using them and 16.8% using them on a regular basis. Furthermore, 30.5% of the participants agreed that the community is aware of the importance of TMs, while 18.8% believed that the community receives adequate education regarding their significance. Additionally, 33.6% indicated that the government recognizes and promotes the importance of TMs. The study also found strong community support for introducing TM practitioners who can attend to patients and provide TMs. There was also strong support for formalizing education on TMs within the Tanzanian education system. \u0000Conclusion: The study's findings underscore the significance of recognizing and leveraging traditional medications to improve public health and preserve the benefits of local knowledge.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82032340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-07DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61143
A. Azab
Medicinal plants are the major source of natural products that are used for drug discovery and development. Cancer is second cause of disease-related deaths, after cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies were conducted and published where plant materials such as extracts, essential oils, pure natural compounds or their combinations and formulations, were tested for the treatments of cancers, tumors, and their prevention. The fauna of the Middle East region, especially the area between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River (Israel and Palestine), includes some plant species with notable potential anticancer activity. Some of these plants, are known for this activity for centuries, as we know from the traditional medicines of this region. For example, Arum palaestinum is one of the most important plants used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, and modern studies have confirmed this property. Several natural products that were isolated from this plant were proposed as responsible for this activity. In this review we will introduce the most important edible plants (not including trees) and their published anticancer activity, as well as according to traditional medicine. Important natural product proposed for these activities will be presented, as well as selected mechanism of action. Based on this brief presentation, some future applications and research potentials will be suggested.
{"title":"Top Edible Wild Plants of Eastern Mediterranean Region. Part I: Anticancer Activity","authors":"A. Azab","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61143","url":null,"abstract":"Medicinal plants are the major source of natural products that are used for drug discovery and development. Cancer is second cause of disease-related deaths, after cardiovascular diseases. Numerous studies were conducted and published where plant materials such as extracts, essential oils, pure natural compounds or their combinations and formulations, were tested for the treatments of cancers, tumors, and their prevention. The fauna of the Middle East region, especially the area between the Mediterranean and the Jordan River (Israel and Palestine), includes some plant species with notable potential anticancer activity. Some of these plants, are known for this activity for centuries, as we know from the traditional medicines of this region. For example, Arum palaestinum is one of the most important plants used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancer, and modern studies have confirmed this property. Several natural products that were isolated from this plant were proposed as responsible for this activity. In this review we will introduce the most important edible plants (not including trees) and their published anticancer activity, as well as according to traditional medicine. Important natural product proposed for these activities will be presented, as well as selected mechanism of action. Based on this brief presentation, some future applications and research potentials will be suggested.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81561563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-04DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61142
A. Sultana, V. Laxmi, S. Y. Anwar, Mohd Manazir Hussain
Natural colorants derived fom plant materials have gained increasing popularity due to their non toxic nature. pigment extraction from the florets is normally done by Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydro distillation are conventional methods that have been widely used in industry and laboratory .phytochemical analysis of safflower florets revealed the plant presence of high amount of Carthamin and carthamidin.
{"title":"Quantitative estimation of Carthamin and Carthamidin from the Florets C. tinctorius L., (Safflower Florets)","authors":"A. Sultana, V. Laxmi, S. Y. Anwar, Mohd Manazir Hussain","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i61142","url":null,"abstract":"Natural colorants derived fom plant materials have gained increasing popularity due to their non toxic nature. pigment extraction from the florets is normally done by Soxhlet extraction, maceration, and hydro distillation are conventional methods that have been widely used in industry and laboratory .phytochemical analysis of safflower florets revealed the plant presence of high amount of Carthamin and carthamidin.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91289072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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