Pub Date : 2023-02-04DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21121
Bayrakçi Onur, Taşdemir Demet, Işik Ahmet Ferudun
Background: Lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma are types of cancer with a poor prognosis and fatal. Small cell lung cancer is much more aggressive and survival shorter than non-small cell lung carcinoma. Mesothelioma is a rare malignant disease that commonly affects the pleura. Cisplatin is frequently used in chemotherapy protocols. Thymoquinone is a chemical with antineoplastic effects procured from the Nigella Sativa plant. It was aimed to investigate the effects of thymoquinone and cisplatin on small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. Methodology: The study was done in the Cell Culture Laboratory of Gaziantep University. Cell lines of small cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-cancerous bronchial epithelium were used in the study. Cells were cultured in dimethyl sulfoxide. The effective doses of thymoquinone and cisplatin were calculated. Accordingly, which were detected doses of thymoquinone as 100 μM and cisplatin as 200 μM. The viability of cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. Experiments were repeated 4 times at different times by the same team in the same laboratory. Statistical analysis of the study was done using the Chi-square test. The study was was accordance with international standards on cell lines in the laboratory. Results: Chemical treats were administering on all cell lines at doses of 100 μM and 200 μM. Thymoquinone at a dose of 100 mm; viability of cells were detected in 48% in mesothelioma, 44% in small cell lung cancer and 55% in noncancerous epithelium cell lines. Cisplatin at a dose of 200 μM; viability of cells were detected in 63% in mesothelioma, 48% in small cell lung cancer and 59% in noncancerous epithelium cell lines. There was no significant toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide used as a chemical solvent when compared with physiological saline. Conclusions: Thymoquinone at a dose of 100 μM was more effective than cisplatin at a dose of 200 μM on both small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines. Cisplatin was more effective in small cell lung cancer than malignant pleural mesothelioma at a dose of 200 μM. The effects of thymoquinone were similar in both cancer cell lines.
{"title":"Mesothelioma and Small Cell Lung Cancer; Effects of Nigella Sativa Thymoquinone on Cell Lines","authors":"Bayrakçi Onur, Taşdemir Demet, Işik Ahmet Ferudun","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21121","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer and malignant mesothelioma are types of cancer with a poor prognosis and fatal. Small cell lung cancer is much more aggressive and survival shorter than non-small cell lung carcinoma. Mesothelioma is a rare malignant disease that commonly affects the pleura. Cisplatin is frequently used in chemotherapy protocols. Thymoquinone is a chemical with antineoplastic effects procured from the Nigella Sativa plant. It was aimed to investigate the effects of thymoquinone and cisplatin on small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines. \u0000Methodology: The study was done in the Cell Culture Laboratory of Gaziantep University. Cell lines of small cell lung cancer, malignant pleural mesothelioma and non-cancerous bronchial epithelium were used in the study. Cells were cultured in dimethyl sulfoxide. The effective doses of thymoquinone and cisplatin were calculated. Accordingly, which were detected doses of thymoquinone as 100 μM and cisplatin as 200 μM. The viability of cells were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-il) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide test. Experiments were repeated 4 times at different times by the same team in the same laboratory. Statistical analysis of the study was done using the Chi-square test. The study was was accordance with international standards on cell lines in the laboratory. \u0000Results: Chemical treats were administering on all cell lines at doses of 100 μM and 200 μM. Thymoquinone at a dose of 100 mm; viability of cells were detected in 48% in mesothelioma, 44% in small cell lung cancer and 55% in noncancerous epithelium cell lines. Cisplatin at a dose of 200 μM; viability of cells were detected in 63% in mesothelioma, 48% in small cell lung cancer and 59% in noncancerous epithelium cell lines. There was no significant toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide used as a chemical solvent when compared with physiological saline. \u0000Conclusions: Thymoquinone at a dose of 100 μM was more effective than cisplatin at a dose of 200 μM on both small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma cell lines. Cisplatin was more effective in small cell lung cancer than malignant pleural mesothelioma at a dose of 200 μM. The effects of thymoquinone were similar in both cancer cell lines.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82606756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120
Michael J. Chen, A. Russo-Neustadt
Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. Study Design: Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium. Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022. Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above). After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting. Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05. Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition. Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways. Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.
目的:对培养的原代大鼠胚胎海马神经元，在有或没有营养补充的情况下，加入ashwagandha或其活性成分之一withanolide A，检测BDNF受体TrkB的活性。研究设计:原代海马神经元分别在营养丰富或营养贫乏的培养基中培养和生长。然后将Ashwagandha或withanolide A添加到有或没有TrkB抑制剂或PI-3K或MAPK途径抑制剂的两种培养基中。学习地点和时间:2021年7月至2022年8月，美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶加州州立大学生物科学系。方法:通过剖宫产从妊娠18天的母鼠身上取出大鼠胚胎，解剖母鼠海马，将其置于培养皿中，并用适当的药物处理(见上文的研究设计)。4天后，收集神经元进行Western blotting。Western blot条带光密度量化，采用双因素方差分析(two -way ANOVA)进行统计学分析，P < 0.05为统计学显著水平。结果:在正常条件下(添加N2)，与对照相比，ashwagandha提高了phospho-TrkB的免疫反应性(对照组，F(11,24) = 22.48, P < 0.001)，但与对照相比，withanolide A没有达到统计学意义(P = 0.069)。同样，在营养剥夺条件下，与营养剥夺条件下相比，ashwagandha和withanolide A也增加了TrkB的磷酸化(P < 0.0001)。TrkB本身和PI-3K抑制剂存在时也得到相同的结果(ashwagandha, P < .001;甘油三酯A, P < 0.001)和MAPK(甘油三酯，P = 0.027;withanolide A, P = 0.045)途径。结论:Ashwagandha或withanolide A激活TrkB，在营养缺乏的海马神经元中，强调其在神经元存活信号传导中的作用。
{"title":"Ashwagandha and Its Active Ingredient, Withanolide A, Increase Phosphorylation of TrkB in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons","authors":"Michael J. Chen, A. Russo-Neustadt","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. \u0000Study Design: Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium. Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022. \u0000Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above). After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting. Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05. \u0000Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition. Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways. \u0000Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86044747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119
O. Oridupa, Sunday Adefila, M. Aliyu, T. A. Olakojo, A. D. Obisesan
Aim: This study evaluated the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Persea americana and Allium sativum in experimentally-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Study Design: Experimental Research. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan (Animal House), between May 2019 and December 2019. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 85 rats randomly divided into 17 groups. Group 1 were normotensive rats while hypertension was induced in groups 2-16 by unilateral nephrectomy and inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Group 17 had abdominal incision without nephrectomy (sham). Treatment groups were administered P. americana or A. sativum extracts at 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg dose and standard antihypertensives; lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide. Results: Results of the experiment showed treatment of hypertensive rats with 50 mg/kg of A. sativum hexane and P. americana methanol extract caused the most significant decrease in blood pressure compared to normotensive rats. Various extracts of these two plants elevated antioxidants levels (GPx, GST, GSH and SOD) in the brain, heart, kidney and liver significantly while H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased compared to untreated hypertensive rats. NO, an important neurotransmitter for normal endothelial function was also restored in the extract-treated rat, as a deficiency contributes greatly to the development of hypertension. Conclusion: The study concluded that P. americana and A. sativum do not only lower blood pressure. The plants also inhibited generation of free radicals by enhancing the antioxidant system and mopped up generated free radicals demonstrated by decline in H2O2 and MDA levels. These plants have been shown in this study to contain potential drug candidates which can be proposed for treatment of hypertension.
{"title":"Reversal of Hypertension and Amelioration of Oxidative Stress by Persea americana and Allium sativum in Experimentally-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Oridupa, Sunday Adefila, M. Aliyu, T. A. Olakojo, A. D. Obisesan","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Persea americana and Allium sativum in experimentally-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. \u0000Study Design: Experimental Research. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan (Animal House), between May 2019 and December 2019. \u0000Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 85 rats randomly divided into 17 groups. Group 1 were normotensive rats while hypertension was induced in groups 2-16 by unilateral nephrectomy and inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Group 17 had abdominal incision without nephrectomy (sham). Treatment groups were administered P. americana or A. sativum extracts at 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg dose and standard antihypertensives; lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide. \u0000Results: Results of the experiment showed treatment of hypertensive rats with 50 mg/kg of A. sativum hexane and P. americana methanol extract caused the most significant decrease in blood pressure compared to normotensive rats. Various extracts of these two plants elevated antioxidants levels (GPx, GST, GSH and SOD) in the brain, heart, kidney and liver significantly while H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased compared to untreated hypertensive rats. NO, an important neurotransmitter for normal endothelial function was also restored in the extract-treated rat, as a deficiency contributes greatly to the development of hypertension. \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that P. americana and A. sativum do not only lower blood pressure. The plants also inhibited generation of free radicals by enhancing the antioxidant system and mopped up generated free radicals demonstrated by decline in H2O2 and MDA levels. These plants have been shown in this study to contain potential drug candidates which can be proposed for treatment of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11118
G. Julien, A. G. Marcel, Y. Antoinette, Akaffou Marc Hermann, Yobouet Dedrekwaku Camman Benoit, Allali Kouadio Bernard, O. Karamoko, Dosso Mireille, D. Joseph
Bites of Bitis Rhinoceros (Viperidae) usually cause a hemorrhagic syndrome in the victims. This is a medical emergency. Antivenom immunotherapy remains effective. However, its availability and cost still limiting its use in Africa in general and in Côte d'Ivoire particularly. The roots of a plant of the Annonaceae family (Annona senegalensis) are used in Côte d'Ivoire to treat cases of envenomations by Viperidae. The objective of this work is to study the modulation of the effect of Bitis rhinoceros venom on coagulation parameters by the hydroethanol extract of Annona senegalensis leaves. The phytochemical study of the plant was carried out by monitoring effect of the venom on three blood coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, Fibrinogen) from healthy individuals in the presence and absence of the hydro-ethanolic extract. Phytochemistry revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, and polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids in this plant. The study of the effect of the venom showed that at the concentration of 10-2 mg/mL the venom of Bitis rhinoceros modifies some coagulation parameters by the decrease of half of the prothrombin rate, the increase of the coagulation time. It has no effect on the fibrinogen level. The effect of this venom is inhibited by 1 mg/mL of the hydroethanol extract. The leaves of Annona senegalensis contain molecules that could neutralize the action of the venom in the coagulation disorder.
{"title":"An In-vitro Study of the Effect of Hydroethanol Extract of Annona senegalensis Leaves on Bitis rhinoceros (Viperidae) Venom Induced Coagulopathy","authors":"G. Julien, A. G. Marcel, Y. Antoinette, Akaffou Marc Hermann, Yobouet Dedrekwaku Camman Benoit, Allali Kouadio Bernard, O. Karamoko, Dosso Mireille, D. Joseph","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11118","url":null,"abstract":"Bites of Bitis Rhinoceros (Viperidae) usually cause a hemorrhagic syndrome in the victims. This is a medical emergency. Antivenom immunotherapy remains effective. However, its availability and cost still limiting its use in Africa in general and in Côte d'Ivoire particularly. The roots of a plant of the Annonaceae family (Annona senegalensis) are used in Côte d'Ivoire to treat cases of envenomations by Viperidae. The objective of this work is to study the modulation of the effect of Bitis rhinoceros venom on coagulation parameters by the hydroethanol extract of Annona senegalensis leaves. \u0000The phytochemical study of the plant was carried out by monitoring effect of the venom on three blood coagulation parameters (PT, APTT, Fibrinogen) from healthy individuals in the presence and absence of the hydro-ethanolic extract. Phytochemistry revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, and polyphenolic compounds including flavonoids in this plant. \u0000The study of the effect of the venom showed that at the concentration of 10-2 mg/mL the venom of Bitis rhinoceros modifies some coagulation parameters by the decrease of half of the prothrombin rate, the increase of the coagulation time. It has no effect on the fibrinogen level. \u0000The effect of this venom is inhibited by 1 mg/mL of the hydroethanol extract. The leaves of Annona senegalensis contain molecules that could neutralize the action of the venom in the coagulation disorder.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"130 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80046350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-16DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11117
S. Yaya, Ahui Bitty Marie Louise, Dosso Mamadou, S. Koffi, Coulibaly Sirabana
Background: Sarcocephalus latifolius, a plant of the Rubiaceae family, is found exclusively in tropical Africa, more particularly in sub-Saharan West Africa, stretching from Senegal to Zaire, but is also found as far east as Sudan (Sudan-Guinean zone). The leaves of this plant are used in traditional African medicine to treat numerous pathologies such as infertility. Aims/Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves on sexual parameters in male rats. Methods: The sexual parameters (latency of the mating position, latency of intromission, latency of ejaculation and mean copulation interval) were assessed by the classical method by administering distilled water, sildenafil citrate (reference molecule) called Viagra at the dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves at the dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight per day for eight days to three batches of male rats respectively. These parameters were determined over a period of thirty minutes. Results: The results obtained show that the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves at a dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight significantly (P < .001) decreases the latency time of mating position and the latency time of intromission, whereas this extract significantly (P < .001) increases the latency time of ejaculation and the average copulation interval. Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves has aphrodisiac properties which are due to sterols, flavonoids and saponosides.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Effects of Aqueous Extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius on Sexual Behaviour in Male Rats","authors":"S. Yaya, Ahui Bitty Marie Louise, Dosso Mamadou, S. Koffi, Coulibaly Sirabana","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sarcocephalus latifolius, a plant of the Rubiaceae family, is found exclusively in tropical Africa, more particularly in sub-Saharan West Africa, stretching from Senegal to Zaire, but is also found as far east as Sudan (Sudan-Guinean zone). The leaves of this plant are used in traditional African medicine to treat numerous pathologies such as infertility. \u0000Aims/Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the effects of the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves on sexual parameters in male rats. \u0000Methods: The sexual parameters (latency of the mating position, latency of intromission, latency of ejaculation and mean copulation interval) were assessed by the classical method by administering distilled water, sildenafil citrate (reference molecule) called Viagra at the dose of 5 mg/kg of body weight and the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves at the dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight per day for eight days to three batches of male rats respectively. These parameters were determined over a period of thirty minutes. \u0000Results: The results obtained show that the aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves at a dose of 1000 mg/kg of body weight significantly (P < .001) decreases the latency time of mating position and the latency time of intromission, whereas this extract significantly (P < .001) increases the latency time of ejaculation and the average copulation interval. \u0000Conclusion: Aqueous extract of Sarcocephalus latifolius leaves has aphrodisiac properties which are due to sterols, flavonoids and saponosides.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87792748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116
Richard T. Kiptisia, A. Nandwa
Aims: To carry out phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity test to validate their safety and efficacy. Study Design: Standard phytochemical screening tests were used to highlight phytochemical compounds of roots of the plants. The evaluation of acute toxicity of the root extracts of the plants followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was undertaken at the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry for the extraction for samples extraction and phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Biological Sciences for acute toxicity study, University of Eldoret, Between June and September 2022. Methodology: Phytochemical screening for presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies were done using the fixed dose method at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weights of rats. Three groups were used: control and test groups for each of the respective plant root extracts. Signs of toxicity and/or mortality were monitored daily for 14 days. Weekly fasting body weights were also recorded. Results: The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates present in the root extract of Combretum hereroense. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in root extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca. Following the acute oral toxicity study, there were no abnormalities observed in physiological parameters. In addition, no deaths were recorded during the study period. The LD50 was therefore greater than 2000 mg/kg. The fasting body weights of extract treated rats increased stably compared to the control [p = .05]. Conclusion: The results showed C. hereroense and B. aegyptiaca methanol root extracts were considered safe in acute oral exposure. Long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Acute oral Toxicity Study of Root Extracts of Combretum hereroense Schinz and Balanites aegyptiaca Del. Traditionally Used to Treat Female Infertility in Baringo County, Kenya","authors":"Richard T. Kiptisia, A. Nandwa","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To carry out phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity test to validate their safety and efficacy. \u0000Study Design: Standard phytochemical screening tests were used to highlight phytochemical compounds of roots of the plants. The evaluation of acute toxicity of the root extracts of the plants followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: The study was undertaken at the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry for the extraction for samples extraction and phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Biological Sciences for acute toxicity study, University of Eldoret, Between June and September 2022. \u0000Methodology: Phytochemical screening for presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies were done using the fixed dose method at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weights of rats. Three groups were used: control and test groups for each of the respective plant root extracts. Signs of toxicity and/or mortality were monitored daily for 14 days. Weekly fasting body weights were also recorded. \u0000Results: The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates present in the root extract of Combretum hereroense. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in root extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca. Following the acute oral toxicity study, there were no abnormalities observed in physiological parameters. In addition, no deaths were recorded during the study period. The LD50 was therefore greater than 2000 mg/kg. The fasting body weights of extract treated rats increased stably compared to the control [p = .05]. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed C. hereroense and B. aegyptiaca methanol root extracts were considered safe in acute oral exposure. Long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115
Bassoueka D’Avila Judicaël, Ondele Radar, Omeka Ngassaki Gelvid, A. Antoine
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects of Ascotheca paucinervia leaves on mice by using strychnine at 2.5mg/kg to induce convulsions and the forced swimming test to create a stressful situation, respectively. Concerning convulsions, only the 500mg/kg extract significantly increases (p<0.001) the time to onset of convulsions and it non-significantly reduces the duration of convulsions induced by strychnine. In addition, the extract reduces very significantly in a dose-dependent manner the time of immobility and it significantly increases the swimming time as well as the climbing time at both doses. At the same time, the estimation of the acute toxicity of the extract from the leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia according to guideline No. 425 of the OECD (2022) shows that the latter is weakly toxic and its LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg. In addition, the evaluation of the sedative effect of this extract shows that it produces a dose-dependent sedative effects and at doses of 250m/kg and 500mg/kg, the extract significantly potentiates the sleep induced by phenobarbital. In summary, the results obtained suggest that Ascotheca paucineervia leaves extract possesses anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant and Antidepressant Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia (T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke) Heine in Mice","authors":"Bassoueka D’Avila Judicaël, Ondele Radar, Omeka Ngassaki Gelvid, A. Antoine","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects of Ascotheca paucinervia leaves on mice by using strychnine at 2.5mg/kg to induce convulsions and the forced swimming test to create a stressful situation, respectively. Concerning convulsions, only the 500mg/kg extract significantly increases (p<0.001) the time to onset of convulsions and it non-significantly reduces the duration of convulsions induced by strychnine. In addition, the extract reduces very significantly in a dose-dependent manner the time of immobility and it significantly increases the swimming time as well as the climbing time at both doses. At the same time, the estimation of the acute toxicity of the extract from the leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia according to guideline No. 425 of the OECD (2022) shows that the latter is weakly toxic and its LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg. In addition, the evaluation of the sedative effect of this extract shows that it produces a dose-dependent sedative effects and at doses of 250m/kg and 500mg/kg, the extract significantly potentiates the sleep induced by phenobarbital. In summary, the results obtained suggest that Ascotheca paucineervia leaves extract possesses anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72918676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114
Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, N. Diarra, Moussa Karembé
Aims: This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition and the different medicinal uses of Datura species in addition to people perceptions about them. Place and Duration of Study: The floristic study has been conducted in three sites located in the region of Sikasso (Mali) during October, 2019. The ethnobotanical one was carried out in five zones located in different regions of Mali in order to register the maximum of relevant information about Datura’s therapeutic virtues. Methodology: A floristic and ethnobotanical investigation on Datura species was carried out based on a stratified probabilistic sampling plan. The free consent and the availability of the respondents was an important criterion during the ethnobotanical survey. Besides, the characteristic parameters of floristic diversity and relative frequencies were calculated based on literature formula. Results: The floristic survey allowed to register three species of Datura: D. stramonium (65.38%), D. innoxia (19.23%) et de D. ferox (15.38%). Around these species, 148 plants belonging to 39 species divided in 32 genus and 18 families. Herbaceous represented 94.87% of these inventoried species. With high coefficients of similarity (Cs>50%), we noted an identical floristic diversity inside the three sites. Moreover, Tousseguela had the highest specific diversity index (1.21). The ethnobotanical survey targeted 118 people in five 5 localities with about 77% of men. If 50% of them found Datura to be useful, 50% considered it to be useful with distrust or dangerous. The data showed that the local populations use Datura in the treatment of many diseases; the most cited were dermatosis (16.98%) and swelling (14.15%). The leaves (93.83%) and seeds (14.81%) were the most exploited organs mainly in the form of decoction (61.18%) and by oral route, massage (15.66%) and bath (13.25%). Conclusion: These results reveal the floristic richness of Datura genus and its associated species.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical and Floristic Investigations of Datura Species in Mali","authors":"Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, N. Diarra, Moussa Karembé","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition and the different medicinal uses of Datura species in addition to people perceptions about them. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The floristic study has been conducted in three sites located in the region of Sikasso (Mali) during October, 2019. The ethnobotanical one was carried out in five zones located in different regions of Mali in order to register the maximum of relevant information about Datura’s therapeutic virtues. \u0000Methodology: A floristic and ethnobotanical investigation on Datura species was carried out based on a stratified probabilistic sampling plan. The free consent and the availability of the respondents was an important criterion during the ethnobotanical survey. Besides, the characteristic parameters of floristic diversity and relative frequencies were calculated based on literature formula. \u0000Results: The floristic survey allowed to register three species of Datura: D. stramonium (65.38%), D. innoxia (19.23%) et de D. ferox (15.38%). Around these species, 148 plants belonging to 39 species divided in 32 genus and 18 families. Herbaceous represented 94.87% of these inventoried species. With high coefficients of similarity (Cs>50%), we noted an identical floristic diversity inside the three sites. Moreover, Tousseguela had the highest specific diversity index (1.21). The ethnobotanical survey targeted 118 people in five 5 localities with about 77% of men. If 50% of them found Datura to be useful, 50% considered it to be useful with distrust or dangerous. The data showed that the local populations use Datura in the treatment of many diseases; the most cited were dermatosis (16.98%) and swelling (14.15%). The leaves (93.83%) and seeds (14.81%) were the most exploited organs mainly in the form of decoction (61.18%) and by oral route, massage (15.66%) and bath (13.25%). \u0000Conclusion: These results reveal the floristic richness of Datura genus and its associated species.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84089874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-22DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121113
N. Atre, Ritika Aggarwal, D. Khedkar
The rapid advancement in fast pacing lifestyle of people and more dependent on fast food is the major leading cause of the increase in stomach infections leading to dysentery and diarrhea. Diarrhoea / Diarrhea and Dysentery are major causes of morbidity and mortality in rural communities of the developing world. The current review focus on herbal remedies from the Melghat region for dysentery and diarrhea-related symptoms. A total of 287 medicinal plant species from 90 families have been compiled for Dysentery (210) and Diarrhea (243). Most reported plant families were Fabaceae contributing 11.14% plants of the total population, followed by Asteraceae (5.57%), Malvaceae (4.52%), Apocynaceae (3.48%), Rubiaceae (3.48%), Lamiaceae (3.13%), Combretaceae (3.13%), Amaranthaceae (2.78%), Euphorbiaceae (2.78%), Moraceae (2.78%), Mimosoideae (2.43%), etc. In this study, out of 287 species reviewed, trees represented 34.49% of species, followed by herbs (32.75%), shrubs (21.95%), climbers (8.01%), grasses (2.43%), and orchids (0.34%). Curated data presented along with the plant's botanical name, plant's family, category (habit), ailments, the part used with relevant traditional, folk, ethnobotanical uses and patterns with cross citations offers scope for researchers engaged in herbal drug discovery and development to dwell into the herbal reservoir and find suitable plant compounds for fighting this disease.
{"title":"Review on Herbal Remedies for Dysentery and Diarrhea from the Melghat Region of Maharashtra State, India","authors":"N. Atre, Ritika Aggarwal, D. Khedkar","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121113","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advancement in fast pacing lifestyle of people and more dependent on fast food is the major leading cause of the increase in stomach infections leading to dysentery and diarrhea. Diarrhoea / Diarrhea and Dysentery are major causes of morbidity and mortality in rural communities of the developing world. The current review focus on herbal remedies from the Melghat region for dysentery and diarrhea-related symptoms. A total of 287 medicinal plant species from 90 families have been compiled for Dysentery (210) and Diarrhea (243). Most reported plant families were Fabaceae contributing 11.14% plants of the total population, followed by Asteraceae (5.57%), Malvaceae (4.52%), Apocynaceae (3.48%), Rubiaceae (3.48%), Lamiaceae (3.13%), Combretaceae (3.13%), Amaranthaceae (2.78%), Euphorbiaceae (2.78%), Moraceae (2.78%), Mimosoideae (2.43%), etc. In this study, out of 287 species reviewed, trees represented 34.49% of species, followed by herbs (32.75%), shrubs (21.95%), climbers (8.01%), grasses (2.43%), and orchids (0.34%). Curated data presented along with the plant's botanical name, plant's family, category (habit), ailments, the part used with relevant traditional, folk, ethnobotanical uses and patterns with cross citations offers scope for researchers engaged in herbal drug discovery and development to dwell into the herbal reservoir and find suitable plant compounds for fighting this disease.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87096902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112
Abdalsalam Kmail
More than 500 species of Hypericum are located throughout Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia. These plants have a long history of employment in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral medicines, as well as for the treatment of burns, gastrointestinal problems, and depression. The most significant species of this genus are Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra because of their pharmacological activities. Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium are widely known for their efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving wound healing. The main reason these plants have been used for treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nevertheless, some similar species are also utilized in conventional medicine and have been previously analyzed for their biological activity and phytochemical composition. The main classes of active substances are found in Hypericum species, including naphthodianthrones (such as hypericin and pseudohyperricin), phloroglucinols (such as hyperforin), flavonoids (such as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and amentoflavone), and phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid). This review's objective is to provide a summary of the most recent research on potential medicinal uses for Hypericum perforatum L., and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.
{"title":"Protective Role of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra against Inflammatory Diseases: Evidence from In vitro and In vivo Studies","authors":"Abdalsalam Kmail","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112","url":null,"abstract":"More than 500 species of Hypericum are located throughout Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia. These plants have a long history of employment in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral medicines, as well as for the treatment of burns, gastrointestinal problems, and depression. The most significant species of this genus are Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra because of their pharmacological activities. Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium are widely known for their efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving wound healing. The main reason these plants have been used for treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nevertheless, some similar species are also utilized in conventional medicine and have been previously analyzed for their biological activity and phytochemical composition. The main classes of active substances are found in Hypericum species, including naphthodianthrones (such as hypericin and pseudohyperricin), phloroglucinols (such as hyperforin), flavonoids (such as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and amentoflavone), and phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid). This review's objective is to provide a summary of the most recent research on potential medicinal uses for Hypericum perforatum L., and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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