Pub Date : 2023-04-24DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41131
E. T. Fokunang, Ngo Biyiha Marilyn Orlane Ara, Ambassa Pantaleon, Njinkio Nono Borgia Legrand, Ngameni Bathélémy, Fokunang Charles
Ficus thonningii (Blume) is considered as a herbal plant with well documented biological activity in the management of several diseases in the tropics. However, there is a gap of information on its safety and proof of efficacy in evidence-based medicine. The objective of this study was to characterize the bioactive metabolites of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Ficus. thonningii and in vivo evaluation of the systemic exposure of the bioactive metabolite. Phytochemical screening was done using standard extraction techniques, and test according to methods adopted from Sofowora and collaborators. Quantitative analysis was done using spectrophotometer of plant extract with different reference standards. Analysis of the animals' plasma following administration of the extract was used to investigate systemic exposure to confirmed the presence of absence of metabolites in systemic circulation. This work shows that F. thonningii (Blume) stem bark hydro-ethanolic extract contains polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, catechic tannins, gallic tannins, coumarins, quinones, phlobatannins. This study shows that the hydro-ethanolic extract of F. thonningii contains total phenolic content of 192,27 ± 3,40 mgEQ/MS g gallic acid and total flavonoid content of 103,59 ± 15,72 mgEQ/MS quercetin. This study shows that the secondary metabolites in the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of F. thonningii (Blume) were not detected in plasma and not bioavailable.
{"title":"Phytochemical Characterization and Systemic Exposure of Bioactive Metabolites of the Aqueous Extracts of Ficus thonningii Blume (Moraceae) on Albino Wistar Rats","authors":"E. T. Fokunang, Ngo Biyiha Marilyn Orlane Ara, Ambassa Pantaleon, Njinkio Nono Borgia Legrand, Ngameni Bathélémy, Fokunang Charles","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41131","url":null,"abstract":"Ficus thonningii (Blume) is considered as a herbal plant with well documented biological activity in the management of several diseases in the tropics. However, there is a gap of information on its safety and proof of efficacy in evidence-based medicine. The objective of this study was to characterize the bioactive metabolites of the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of Ficus. thonningii and in vivo evaluation of the systemic exposure of the bioactive metabolite. Phytochemical screening was done using standard extraction techniques, and test according to methods adopted from Sofowora and collaborators. Quantitative analysis was done using spectrophotometer of plant extract with different reference standards. \u0000Analysis of the animals' plasma following administration of the extract was used to investigate systemic exposure to confirmed the presence of absence of metabolites in systemic circulation. \u0000This work shows that F. thonningii (Blume) stem bark hydro-ethanolic extract contains polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, catechic tannins, gallic tannins, coumarins, quinones, phlobatannins. This study shows that the hydro-ethanolic extract of F. thonningii contains total phenolic content of 192,27 ± 3,40 mgEQ/MS g gallic acid and total flavonoid content of 103,59 ± 15,72 mgEQ/MS quercetin. This study shows that the secondary metabolites in the hydro-ethanolic extract of the stem bark of F. thonningii (Blume) were not detected in plasma and not bioavailable.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75514577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41130
Background: Wound infection comprises numerous different organisms that have the ability to surface colonization of wounds. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the pathogenic bacteria associated with wound infections. Aim: This study isolated and identified multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds and determine the antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against it. Design: This is a Clinical and laboratory-based study involving patients with defined cases of wound infections. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Microbiology (Bacteriology) laboratory of Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria, from February to November 2021. Methods: Twenty-eight (28) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 179 wound swabs using standard laboratory procedures and were screened for multidrug-resistant patterns according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis was tested against the multidrug-resistant isolates using agar well diffusion techniques. The zone of inhibition was measured and the differences between means were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). Results: A total of twenty-eight (28) multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were confirmed, showing resistance to Amoxicillin (64.3%), Ceftazidime (85.71%), and Cefotaxime (78.57%) but sensitivity to Imipenem (95.5%). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, and tannins among others. MDR P. aeruginosa was inhibited at varied concentrations of the extracts with the diameter mean zone of inhibition increasing as the concentration increased. The Methanol extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa with a mean zone of inhibition of 9.500±0.288mm at 400mg/ml. Conclusion: These results indicated that Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts possess antibacterial activities on Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be a good source for the production of plant-based antibacterial drugs., although somewhat less than the synthetic standard drugs (Imipenem) having a mean of 13.83±0.288mm.
{"title":"Antibacterial Activity of Lawsonia inermis Leaf Extracts against Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Infected Wounds","authors":"","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i41130","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Wound infection comprises numerous different organisms that have the ability to surface colonization of wounds. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the pathogenic bacteria associated with wound infections. \u0000Aim: This study isolated and identified multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from infected wounds and determine the antibacterial activity of Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts against it. \u0000Design: This is a Clinical and laboratory-based study involving patients with defined cases of wound infections. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in the Microbiology (Bacteriology) laboratory of Specialist Hospital, Bauchi, Nigeria, from February to November 2021. \u0000Methods: Twenty-eight (28) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were recovered from 179 wound swabs using standard laboratory procedures and were screened for multidrug-resistant patterns according to the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antibacterial efficacy of the aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic leaf extracts of Lawsonia inermis was tested against the multidrug-resistant isolates using agar well diffusion techniques. The zone of inhibition was measured and the differences between means were statistically analyzed (p<0.05). \u0000Results: A total of twenty-eight (28) multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were confirmed, showing resistance to Amoxicillin (64.3%), Ceftazidime (85.71%), and Cefotaxime (78.57%) but sensitivity to Imipenem (95.5%). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, steroids, and tannins among others. MDR P. aeruginosa was inhibited at varied concentrations of the extracts with the diameter mean zone of inhibition increasing as the concentration increased. The Methanol extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity against MDR P. aeruginosa with a mean zone of inhibition of 9.500±0.288mm at 400mg/ml. \u0000Conclusion: These results indicated that Lawsonia inermis leaf extracts possess antibacterial activities on Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa which could be a good source for the production of plant-based antibacterial drugs., although somewhat less than the synthetic standard drugs (Imipenem) having a mean of 13.83±0.288mm.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77193122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-08DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31129
E. D. Kpomah, E. M. Arhoghro
Coconut juice is a natural drink from coconut fruit. This study was aimed at evaluating its positive potential on biochemical indices. Fresh coconut fruits were de-dshelled and washed. The cotyledon was broken to extract the water which was used in blending the fruits. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected in a vial. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 160 -180 g, were grouped into two groups of ten rats each and were treated as follows for four weeks. Group A: control rats received oral dose of 2 mL/kg body weight of distilled water once daily for 28 days, and group B: received oral dose of 2 mL/kg body weight of coconut juice extract once daily for 28 days, both groups were, however, allowed free access to feed and water ad-libitum. The animals were weighed before and on completion of the experimental protocol. Blood was also collected via cardiac puncture and used for renal function and lipid profile assay, kidneys were excised and weighed, homogenized and the supernatant was used for antioxidant enzyme evaluation. Findings showed that there was no significant change (p>0.05) in the kidney-to-body weight ratio and renal function indices. Significant reduction (p<0.05) was seen in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL but with an increase (p<0.05) in HDL. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.05). The study concludes that coconut juice extract has positive stimulatory potentials on antioxidants, renal functions and lipid parameters of wistar rats.
{"title":"Positive Stimulatory Potentials of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Juice Extract on in vivo Antioxidants, Renal Function and Lipid Profile of Male Wistar Rats","authors":"E. D. Kpomah, E. M. Arhoghro","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31129","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut juice is a natural drink from coconut fruit. This study was aimed at evaluating its positive potential on biochemical indices. Fresh coconut fruits were de-dshelled and washed. The cotyledon was broken to extract the water which was used in blending the fruits. The extract was filtered and the filtrate was collected in a vial. Twenty healthy male Wistar rats weighing 160 -180 g, were grouped into two groups of ten rats each and were treated as follows for four weeks. Group A: control rats received oral dose of 2 mL/kg body weight of distilled water once daily for 28 days, and group B: received oral dose of 2 mL/kg body weight of coconut juice extract once daily for 28 days, both groups were, however, allowed free access to feed and water ad-libitum. The animals were weighed before and on completion of the experimental protocol. Blood was also collected via cardiac puncture and used for renal function and lipid profile assay, kidneys were excised and weighed, homogenized and the supernatant was used for antioxidant enzyme evaluation. Findings showed that there was no significant change (p>0.05) in the kidney-to-body weight ratio and renal function indices. Significant reduction (p<0.05) was seen in cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL but with an increase (p<0.05) in HDL. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly increased (p<0.05). The study concludes that coconut juice extract has positive stimulatory potentials on antioxidants, renal functions and lipid parameters of wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87418694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-03DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31128
A. Yuniarto, Aisyah Zavira Putri, Nita Selifiana, Sefi Megawati, Saru Noliqo Rangkuti, I. Adnyana
Aims: Obesity is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to increase every year throughout the world. Obesity contributes to the emergence of several diseases such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. A number of studies report that natural ingredients have the potential to be used as a treatment for obesity while reducing a fatty liver. The aim of this research is to evaluate the activity of red spinach ethanol extract in reducing the accumulation of fatty liver in diet-induced obese zebrafish based on its histopathological profile. Methodology: Zebrafish must be adapted for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the zebrafish were divided into 6 groups which included: the normal group (or negative control); the obesity group (positive control group); the standard drug (orlistat with dose 4.5 µg/ml); the EERS group (dose of 50 µg/ml); the EERS group (dose of 100 µg/ml); and the EERS group (dose of 200 µg/ml). For a period of 4 weeks, the normal group received a standard diet. A positive control group received Artemia. The treated group received Artemia which was combined with the administration of red spinach (preventive method). The obese group and extract-treated group were given 60 mg/group/fish in the experimental diet. Results: The results showed that EERS at a dose of 100 µg/ml did not show any fatty liver based on their histopathological profile. The EERS dose of 200 µg/ml is more effective in reducing fatty liver when compared to doses of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml on obese zebrafish. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that EERS is very prospective for further research and development as a drug for treating obesity and reducing fatty liver.
{"title":"Histopathological Profile of Obese Zebrafish Liver after Administration of Red Spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.)","authors":"A. Yuniarto, Aisyah Zavira Putri, Nita Selifiana, Sefi Megawati, Saru Noliqo Rangkuti, I. Adnyana","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31128","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Obesity is a non-communicable disease whose prevalence continues to increase every year throughout the world. Obesity contributes to the emergence of several diseases such as type-2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and non-alcoholic fatty liver. A number of studies report that natural ingredients have the potential to be used as a treatment for obesity while reducing a fatty liver. The aim of this research is to evaluate the activity of red spinach ethanol extract in reducing the accumulation of fatty liver in diet-induced obese zebrafish based on its histopathological profile. \u0000Methodology: Zebrafish must be adapted for 2 weeks. After 2 weeks, the zebrafish were divided into 6 groups which included: the normal group (or negative control); the obesity group (positive control group); the standard drug (orlistat with dose 4.5 µg/ml); the EERS group (dose of 50 µg/ml); the EERS group (dose of 100 µg/ml); and the EERS group (dose of 200 µg/ml). For a period of 4 weeks, the normal group received a standard diet. A positive control group received Artemia. The treated group received Artemia which was combined with the administration of red spinach (preventive method). The obese group and extract-treated group were given 60 mg/group/fish in the experimental diet. \u0000Results: The results showed that EERS at a dose of 100 µg/ml did not show any fatty liver based on their histopathological profile. The EERS dose of 200 µg/ml is more effective in reducing fatty liver when compared to doses of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml on obese zebrafish. \u0000Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that EERS is very prospective for further research and development as a drug for treating obesity and reducing fatty liver.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87390542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-31DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31127
T. H. Coulidiati
Background: Cancer incidence is increasing annually in all countries. So, it is nowadays a great burden for the different nations of the world. Research for new therapeutics is becoming an urgent need, particularly for intractable and chemoresistant cancer cases. The solutions can still be found by investigating natural products which are recognized as promising sources of bioactive compounds with a potential for the discovery of new preventive and therapeutic anticancer agents. Methodology: The present work used databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct and Google scholar to investigate the ethnobotanical uses of some Combretum species in the literature. It also allowed us to summarize some pharmacological studies on Combretum species. Results: This review gathers all available traditional uses and cytotoxicity studies of Combretum species in the literature. Special focus is given to pharmacological studies highlighting isolated potential anticancer molecules. These molecules present potent cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines and may contribute to improving the health of people suffering from various cancer diseases. Conclusion: The Combretum species are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies including cancers. This study is of fundamental importance in highlighting Combretum species as a potential source for research of new anticancer compounds.
{"title":"Traditional Uses and Anticancer Potential of the Combretum Genus: A Literature Review","authors":"T. H. Coulidiati","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31127","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cancer incidence is increasing annually in all countries. So, it is nowadays a great burden for the different nations of the world. Research for new therapeutics is becoming an urgent need, particularly for intractable and chemoresistant cancer cases. The solutions can still be found by investigating natural products which are recognized as promising sources of bioactive compounds with a potential for the discovery of new preventive and therapeutic anticancer agents. \u0000Methodology: The present work used databases such as Pubmed, Science Direct and Google scholar to investigate the ethnobotanical uses of some Combretum species in the literature. It also allowed us to summarize some pharmacological studies on Combretum species. \u0000Results: This review gathers all available traditional uses and cytotoxicity studies of Combretum species in the literature. Special focus is given to pharmacological studies highlighting isolated potential anticancer molecules. These molecules present potent cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines and may contribute to improving the health of people suffering from various cancer diseases. \u0000Conclusion: The Combretum species are widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several pathologies including cancers. This study is of fundamental importance in highlighting Combretum species as a potential source for research of new anticancer compounds.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"137 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76415174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31126
M. Mbodj, A. Gaye, Issa Samb, M. Gaye
In this work, we were interested in a medicinal plant named Chrysopogon nigritanus, belonging to the Poaceae family. In order to carry out this study, we were interested first in the phytochemical screening test, after having carried out the extraction with two solvents (water and isopropanol), to characterize the different families of metabolites present in the extracts. Then, the assays of polyphenols and flavonoids were carried out in order to quantify the contents of these two compounds in each extract. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by three methods: the CUPRAC method, the trapping of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and the trapping of the ABTS•+ radical-cation (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). The best antioxidant activities were obtained with the ABTS•+ radical scavenging with IC50 of 0.13 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 0.19 mg/mL for the isopropanol extract. Based on these first results, an in-depth study is underway for various biological tests and the isolation of bioactive molecules.
{"title":"Phytochemical Study and Evaluation of the Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of the Roots of Chrysopogon nigritanus","authors":"M. Mbodj, A. Gaye, Issa Samb, M. Gaye","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31126","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we were interested in a medicinal plant named Chrysopogon nigritanus, belonging to the Poaceae family. In order to carry out this study, we were interested first in the phytochemical screening test, after having carried out the extraction with two solvents (water and isopropanol), to characterize the different families of metabolites present in the extracts. Then, the assays of polyphenols and flavonoids were carried out in order to quantify the contents of these two compounds in each extract. Finally, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was evaluated by three methods: the CUPRAC method, the trapping of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH•) and the trapping of the ABTS•+ radical-cation (2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)). The best antioxidant activities were obtained with the ABTS•+ radical scavenging with IC50 of 0.13 mg/mL for the aqueous extract and 0.19 mg/mL for the isopropanol extract. Based on these first results, an in-depth study is underway for various biological tests and the isolation of bioactive molecules.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76828096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-17DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31125
Benard A. Solomon, F. Akinbo
Effort to explore the adverse effect of the plant, Momordica charantia on mammals has remained inadequate despite previous attempt by earlier investigators. More glaring is the paucity of information on the histomorphological effect of the plant’s aqueous leaf extract hence the need to determine possible alteration of tissue structures in reproductive organs of adult Wistar rats which may affect their functions. This study aimed at determining the effect of Momordica charantia aqueous leaf extract (MCALE) on the reproductive organs of experimental adult Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty five rats (male and female) weighing 180-200g were randomly divided into five (5) groups of five rats each. The experimental groups, A to D were fed on standard diet and administered with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight /day of MCE orally using gavage for 30 days. Rats in the control groups were fed on standard diet and physiological saline orally. Organs were harvested, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (ovaries) and Bouin’s fluid (testes), embedded in molten paraffin wax, sectioned with a rotary microtome and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin technique. Stained slides were examined using the Olympus microscope. Results: Sections of ovaries administered 100 mg/kg of the extract showed vesicular spaces in corpus luteum and enlarged blood vessels. Sections treated with 200 mg/kg revealed follicular cyst and mild vacuolation of zona granulosa. Sections of the ovaries administered 400 mg/kg revealed degenerative changes, follicular cyst, mild vacuolation and reduction of zona granulosa layer while those treated with 800 mg/kg showed severe vacuolation of the zona granulosa layer. Conclusion: Momordica charantia caused histomorphological changes in ovaries of Wistar rats which could cause hormonal imbalance and infertility in females. No histomorphological changes were observed in male testes.
{"title":"Histomorphological Observations in Reproductive Organs of Wistar Rats Administered with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Momordica charantia","authors":"Benard A. Solomon, F. Akinbo","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i31125","url":null,"abstract":"Effort to explore the adverse effect of the plant, Momordica charantia on mammals has remained inadequate despite previous attempt by earlier investigators. More glaring is the paucity of information on the histomorphological effect of the plant’s aqueous leaf extract hence the need to determine possible alteration of tissue structures in reproductive organs of adult Wistar rats which may affect their functions. \u0000This study aimed at determining the effect of Momordica charantia aqueous leaf extract (MCALE) on the reproductive organs of experimental adult Wistar rats. \u0000Materials and Methods: Twenty five rats (male and female) weighing 180-200g were randomly divided into five (5) groups of five rats each. The experimental groups, A to D were fed on standard diet and administered with 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg body weight /day of MCE orally using gavage for 30 days. Rats in the control groups were fed on standard diet and physiological saline orally. Organs were harvested, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (ovaries) and Bouin’s fluid (testes), embedded in molten paraffin wax, sectioned with a rotary microtome and stained with the haematoxylin and eosin technique. Stained slides were examined using the Olympus microscope. \u0000Results: Sections of ovaries administered 100 mg/kg of the extract showed vesicular spaces in corpus luteum and enlarged blood vessels. Sections treated with 200 mg/kg revealed follicular cyst and mild vacuolation of zona granulosa. Sections of the ovaries administered 400 mg/kg revealed degenerative changes, follicular cyst, mild vacuolation and reduction of zona granulosa layer while those treated with 800 mg/kg showed severe vacuolation of the zona granulosa layer. \u0000Conclusion: Momordica charantia caused histomorphological changes in ovaries of Wistar rats which could cause hormonal imbalance and infertility in females. No histomorphological changes were observed in male testes.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"353 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82606489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-09DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21124
Wuraola Sarah Esan, C. Akintayo, Olurotimi J Sanya, Osiyemi A. Oluwaseun, Gbemisola Olubayo, A. Adelekan
Aims: To review the induction and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with plant extract in rats in light of the rising incidence of the condition, its accompanying physical and mental issues, and the role that sex hormone alterations play in its development. Methodology: An extensive literature search was carried out using relevant publications, which were published between 2012 and 2022 and indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scientific Information Database, and Science Direct were investigated. Results: This review shows that the majority of research examined the levels of sex hormones in the serum, the induction of PCOS, and the treatment of animal models. The review also found that 43.75% of the studies induced PCOS with Letrozole, 31.25% with estradiol valerate, 6.25% with Testosterone Enanthate (TE), and 6.25% of the studies induced PCOS with Testosterone Propionate (TP). Conclusion: This study showed that Letrozole, Estradiol valerate, Dhea, Testosterone Enanthate, and Testosterone Propionate effectively induce PCOS in rats. Also, `plant extracts are effective in treating PCOS. More research into the mechanisms of action for plant extracts is required to complete our understanding of the reproductive endocrinological effects of plant extract treatment for PCOS.
目的:针对多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠发病率的上升、伴随的身心问题以及性激素改变在其发展中的作用，综述植物提取物诱导和治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的研究进展。方法:对2012 - 2022年间发表的相关出版物进行广泛的文献检索，并对谷歌Scholar、PubMed、Elsevier、Scientific Information Database和Science Direct进行检索。结果:本综述显示，大多数研究都考察了血清性激素水平、多囊卵巢综合征的诱导以及动物模型的治疗。该综述还发现，43.75%的研究使用来曲唑诱导PCOS, 31.25%的研究使用戊酸雌二醇，6.25%的研究使用烯酸睾酮(TE)， 6.25%的研究使用丙酸睾酮(TP)诱导PCOS。结论:来曲唑、戊酸雌二醇、脱氢表雄酮、烯酸睾酮和丙酸睾酮能有效诱导大鼠多囊卵巢综合征。此外，植物提取物对多囊卵巢综合征的治疗也很有效。我们需要对植物提取物的作用机制进行更多的研究，以完善我们对植物提取物治疗PCOS的生殖内分泌影响的认识。
{"title":"Induction and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Plant Extract in Rats: A Systematic Review","authors":"Wuraola Sarah Esan, C. Akintayo, Olurotimi J Sanya, Osiyemi A. Oluwaseun, Gbemisola Olubayo, A. Adelekan","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21124","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To review the induction and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) with plant extract in rats in light of the rising incidence of the condition, its accompanying physical and mental issues, and the role that sex hormone alterations play in its development. \u0000Methodology: An extensive literature search was carried out using relevant publications, which were published between 2012 and 2022 and indexed in Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scientific Information Database, and Science Direct were investigated. \u0000Results: This review shows that the majority of research examined the levels of sex hormones in the serum, the induction of PCOS, and the treatment of animal models. The review also found that 43.75% of the studies induced PCOS with Letrozole, 31.25% with estradiol valerate, 6.25% with Testosterone Enanthate (TE), and 6.25% of the studies induced PCOS with Testosterone Propionate (TP). \u0000Conclusion: This study showed that Letrozole, Estradiol valerate, Dhea, Testosterone Enanthate, and Testosterone Propionate effectively induce PCOS in rats. Also, `plant extracts are effective in treating PCOS. More research into the mechanisms of action for plant extracts is required to complete our understanding of the reproductive endocrinological effects of plant extract treatment for PCOS.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82471033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123
P. S. Babu, V. Krishna, D. Bhavya
Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and histological profile of the liver tissue. Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Activity of 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 Carboxylic Acid Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Stem Bark","authors":"P. S. Babu, V. Krishna, D. Bhavya","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity. \u0000Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and histological profile of the liver tissue. \u0000Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls. \u0000Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79428800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122
U. Sarkar
Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents. The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.
{"title":"Extraction of Essential Oil from a Leaf of Piper betle L. (Paan) by Hydro-distillation Method","authors":"U. Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122","url":null,"abstract":"Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents. \u0000The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79439079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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