Pub Date : 2023-03-04DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123
P. S. Babu, V. Krishna, D. Bhavya
Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity. Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and histological profile of the liver tissue. Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.
{"title":"Hepatoprotective Activity of 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 Carboxylic Acid Isolated from the Methanol Extract of Dichrostachys cinerea Wight & Arn. Stem Bark","authors":"P. S. Babu, V. Krishna, D. Bhavya","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21123","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the Study: The phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanol extract of Dichrotachys cinerea Wight. stem bark was evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against CCl4 induced toxicity. \u0000Materials and Methods: The constituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex 3-ene-1 carboxylic acid isolated from the methanolic extract of D. cinerea and the structure was confirmed by spectroscopic studies. Hepatoprotective property was screened in male wistar strain rats. The parameters studied were estimation of liver function serum markers such as serum total bilirubin, total protein, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and histological profile of the liver tissue. \u0000Results: The LD50 of methanolic extract and constituent, 6-Heptadecylcyclohex -3-ene-1 carboxylic acid were evaluated and found to be 500 and 100 mg/kg body weight respectively. The hepatoprotective activity of constituent was more significant as similar to the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. The histological profile of the liver tissue showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration as similar to the controls. \u0000Conclusion: The methanolic extract of D. cinerea stem bark and the phytoconstituent 6-heptadecylcyclohex-3-ene-1 carboxylic acid showed significant protection from CCl4 induced liver damage.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79428800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122
U. Sarkar
Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents. The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.
{"title":"Extraction of Essential Oil from a Leaf of Piper betle L. (Paan) by Hydro-distillation Method","authors":"U. Sarkar","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21122","url":null,"abstract":"Piper betle leaf commonly known to be a Paan in India is eaten raw and sometimes with a mixture of areca nut. The leaf is consumed usually after a lunch or dinner. Traditionally the leaf is well known for a health benefits and also chewed as a mouth freshener. A wide range of researches on a Piper betle leaf suggest excellent nutritional benefits on the health. The edible leaf is also known for its specialized essential contents. \u0000The current research attempt is carried out to extract the essential oil from the leaf of Piper betle L. by a Hydro distillation method (Clevenger method). The research successfully concludes the extraction of oil with its efficacy towards the percentage of oil achieved during an extraction process.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79439079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-27DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120
Michael J. Chen, A. Russo-Neustadt
Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. Study Design: Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium. Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022. Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above). After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting. Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05. Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition. Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways. Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.
目的:对培养的原代大鼠胚胎海马神经元，在有或没有营养补充的情况下，加入ashwagandha或其活性成分之一withanolide A，检测BDNF受体TrkB的活性。研究设计:原代海马神经元分别在营养丰富或营养贫乏的培养基中培养和生长。然后将Ashwagandha或withanolide A添加到有或没有TrkB抑制剂或PI-3K或MAPK途径抑制剂的两种培养基中。学习地点和时间:2021年7月至2022年8月，美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶加州州立大学生物科学系。方法:通过剖宫产从妊娠18天的母鼠身上取出大鼠胚胎，解剖母鼠海马，将其置于培养皿中，并用适当的药物处理(见上文的研究设计)。4天后，收集神经元进行Western blotting。Western blot条带光密度量化，采用双因素方差分析(two -way ANOVA)进行统计学分析，P < 0.05为统计学显著水平。结果:在正常条件下(添加N2)，与对照相比，ashwagandha提高了phospho-TrkB的免疫反应性(对照组，F(11,24) = 22.48, P < 0.001)，但与对照相比，withanolide A没有达到统计学意义(P = 0.069)。同样，在营养剥夺条件下，与营养剥夺条件下相比，ashwagandha和withanolide A也增加了TrkB的磷酸化(P < 0.0001)。TrkB本身和PI-3K抑制剂存在时也得到相同的结果(ashwagandha, P < .001;甘油三酯A, P < 0.001)和MAPK(甘油三酯，P = 0.027;withanolide A, P = 0.045)途径。结论:Ashwagandha或withanolide A激活TrkB，在营养缺乏的海马神经元中，强调其在神经元存活信号传导中的作用。
{"title":"Ashwagandha and Its Active Ingredient, Withanolide A, Increase Phosphorylation of TrkB in Cultured Hippocampal Neurons","authors":"Michael J. Chen, A. Russo-Neustadt","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i21120","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To primary rat embryonic hippocampal neurons in culture, ashwagandha or one of its active ingredients, withanolide A were added in the presence or absence of nutrient supplementation and then assayed for activity of the BDNF receptor, TrkB. \u0000Study Design: Primary hippocampal neurons were cultured and grown in nutrient-rich or nutrient-poor medium. Ashwagandha or withanolide A were then be added to both types of media with or without an inhibitor of TrkB or either the PI-3K or MAPK pathway. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA, USA, between July 2021 and August 2022. \u0000Methodology: Rat embryos were removed by cesarean section from mother rats at 18 days’ gestation and the hippocampi of the former dissected, plated into culture dishes, and treated with the appropriate drug(s) (see Study Design above). After 4 days, neurons were harvested for Western blotting. Optical density of Western blot bands were quantified and statistically analyzed in a 2-way ANOVA, using a level of statistical significance at P < .05. \u0000Results: Under normal conditions (with N2 supplement), ashwagandha, but not withanolide A, increased phospho-TrkB immunoreactivity when compared to the effects of vehicle (controls, F(11, 24) = 22.48, P < .001), although withanolide A did not quite reach statistical significance (P = .069) when compared to that of the controlled condition. Likewise, under nutrient-deprived conditions, both ashwagandha and withanolide A also increased phosphorylation of TrkB when compared to that of vehicle-nutrient-deprived conditions (P < .0001). The same results were obtained in the presence of inhibitors of TrkB itself and the PI-3K (ashwagandha, P < .001; withanolide A, P < .001) and MAPK (ashwagandha, P = .027; withanolide A, P = .045) pathways. \u0000Conclusion: Ashwagandha or withanolide A activates TrkB, in nutrient-deprived hippocampal neurons, underscoring its role in neuronal survival signaling.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86044747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119
O. Oridupa, Sunday Adefila, M. Aliyu, T. A. Olakojo, A. D. Obisesan
Aim: This study evaluated the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Persea americana and Allium sativum in experimentally-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. Study Design: Experimental Research. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan (Animal House), between May 2019 and December 2019. Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 85 rats randomly divided into 17 groups. Group 1 were normotensive rats while hypertension was induced in groups 2-16 by unilateral nephrectomy and inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Group 17 had abdominal incision without nephrectomy (sham). Treatment groups were administered P. americana or A. sativum extracts at 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg dose and standard antihypertensives; lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide. Results: Results of the experiment showed treatment of hypertensive rats with 50 mg/kg of A. sativum hexane and P. americana methanol extract caused the most significant decrease in blood pressure compared to normotensive rats. Various extracts of these two plants elevated antioxidants levels (GPx, GST, GSH and SOD) in the brain, heart, kidney and liver significantly while H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased compared to untreated hypertensive rats. NO, an important neurotransmitter for normal endothelial function was also restored in the extract-treated rat, as a deficiency contributes greatly to the development of hypertension. Conclusion: The study concluded that P. americana and A. sativum do not only lower blood pressure. The plants also inhibited generation of free radicals by enhancing the antioxidant system and mopped up generated free radicals demonstrated by decline in H2O2 and MDA levels. These plants have been shown in this study to contain potential drug candidates which can be proposed for treatment of hypertension.
{"title":"Reversal of Hypertension and Amelioration of Oxidative Stress by Persea americana and Allium sativum in Experimentally-Induced Hypertensive Wistar Rats","authors":"O. Oridupa, Sunday Adefila, M. Aliyu, T. A. Olakojo, A. D. Obisesan","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11119","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study evaluated the antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Persea americana and Allium sativum in experimentally-induced hypertensive Wistar rats. \u0000Study Design: Experimental Research. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ibadan (Animal House), between May 2019 and December 2019. \u0000Methodology: The experiment was carried out in 85 rats randomly divided into 17 groups. Group 1 were normotensive rats while hypertension was induced in groups 2-16 by unilateral nephrectomy and inclusion of NaCl (1%) in drinking water. Group 17 had abdominal incision without nephrectomy (sham). Treatment groups were administered P. americana or A. sativum extracts at 20 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg dose and standard antihypertensives; lisinopril or hydrochlorothiazide. \u0000Results: Results of the experiment showed treatment of hypertensive rats with 50 mg/kg of A. sativum hexane and P. americana methanol extract caused the most significant decrease in blood pressure compared to normotensive rats. Various extracts of these two plants elevated antioxidants levels (GPx, GST, GSH and SOD) in the brain, heart, kidney and liver significantly while H2O2 and MDA were significantly decreased compared to untreated hypertensive rats. NO, an important neurotransmitter for normal endothelial function was also restored in the extract-treated rat, as a deficiency contributes greatly to the development of hypertension. \u0000Conclusion: The study concluded that P. americana and A. sativum do not only lower blood pressure. The plants also inhibited generation of free radicals by enhancing the antioxidant system and mopped up generated free radicals demonstrated by decline in H2O2 and MDA levels. These plants have been shown in this study to contain potential drug candidates which can be proposed for treatment of hypertension.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79747766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116
Richard T. Kiptisia, A. Nandwa
Aims: To carry out phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity test to validate their safety and efficacy. Study Design: Standard phytochemical screening tests were used to highlight phytochemical compounds of roots of the plants. The evaluation of acute toxicity of the root extracts of the plants followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was undertaken at the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry for the extraction for samples extraction and phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Biological Sciences for acute toxicity study, University of Eldoret, Between June and September 2022. Methodology: Phytochemical screening for presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies were done using the fixed dose method at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weights of rats. Three groups were used: control and test groups for each of the respective plant root extracts. Signs of toxicity and/or mortality were monitored daily for 14 days. Weekly fasting body weights were also recorded. Results: The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates present in the root extract of Combretum hereroense. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in root extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca. Following the acute oral toxicity study, there were no abnormalities observed in physiological parameters. In addition, no deaths were recorded during the study period. The LD50 was therefore greater than 2000 mg/kg. The fasting body weights of extract treated rats increased stably compared to the control [p = .05]. Conclusion: The results showed C. hereroense and B. aegyptiaca methanol root extracts were considered safe in acute oral exposure. Long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and Acute oral Toxicity Study of Root Extracts of Combretum hereroense Schinz and Balanites aegyptiaca Del. Traditionally Used to Treat Female Infertility in Baringo County, Kenya","authors":"Richard T. Kiptisia, A. Nandwa","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11116","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To carry out phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity test to validate their safety and efficacy. \u0000Study Design: Standard phytochemical screening tests were used to highlight phytochemical compounds of roots of the plants. The evaluation of acute toxicity of the root extracts of the plants followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. \u0000Place and Duration of the Study: The study was undertaken at the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry for the extraction for samples extraction and phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Biological Sciences for acute toxicity study, University of Eldoret, Between June and September 2022. \u0000Methodology: Phytochemical screening for presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies were done using the fixed dose method at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weights of rats. Three groups were used: control and test groups for each of the respective plant root extracts. Signs of toxicity and/or mortality were monitored daily for 14 days. Weekly fasting body weights were also recorded. \u0000Results: The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates present in the root extract of Combretum hereroense. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in root extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca. Following the acute oral toxicity study, there were no abnormalities observed in physiological parameters. In addition, no deaths were recorded during the study period. The LD50 was therefore greater than 2000 mg/kg. The fasting body weights of extract treated rats increased stably compared to the control [p = .05]. \u0000Conclusion: The results showed C. hereroense and B. aegyptiaca methanol root extracts were considered safe in acute oral exposure. Long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79651952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-02DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115
Bassoueka D’Avila Judicaël, Ondele Radar, Omeka Ngassaki Gelvid, A. Antoine
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects of Ascotheca paucinervia leaves on mice by using strychnine at 2.5mg/kg to induce convulsions and the forced swimming test to create a stressful situation, respectively. Concerning convulsions, only the 500mg/kg extract significantly increases (p<0.001) the time to onset of convulsions and it non-significantly reduces the duration of convulsions induced by strychnine. In addition, the extract reduces very significantly in a dose-dependent manner the time of immobility and it significantly increases the swimming time as well as the climbing time at both doses. At the same time, the estimation of the acute toxicity of the extract from the leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia according to guideline No. 425 of the OECD (2022) shows that the latter is weakly toxic and its LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg. In addition, the evaluation of the sedative effect of this extract shows that it produces a dose-dependent sedative effects and at doses of 250m/kg and 500mg/kg, the extract significantly potentiates the sleep induced by phenobarbital. In summary, the results obtained suggest that Ascotheca paucineervia leaves extract possesses anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant and Antidepressant Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia (T. Anderson ex C.B. Clarke) Heine in Mice","authors":"Bassoueka D’Avila Judicaël, Ondele Radar, Omeka Ngassaki Gelvid, A. Antoine","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i11115","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects of Ascotheca paucinervia leaves on mice by using strychnine at 2.5mg/kg to induce convulsions and the forced swimming test to create a stressful situation, respectively. Concerning convulsions, only the 500mg/kg extract significantly increases (p<0.001) the time to onset of convulsions and it non-significantly reduces the duration of convulsions induced by strychnine. In addition, the extract reduces very significantly in a dose-dependent manner the time of immobility and it significantly increases the swimming time as well as the climbing time at both doses. At the same time, the estimation of the acute toxicity of the extract from the leaves of Ascotheca paucinervia according to guideline No. 425 of the OECD (2022) shows that the latter is weakly toxic and its LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg. In addition, the evaluation of the sedative effect of this extract shows that it produces a dose-dependent sedative effects and at doses of 250m/kg and 500mg/kg, the extract significantly potentiates the sleep induced by phenobarbital. In summary, the results obtained suggest that Ascotheca paucineervia leaves extract possesses anticonvulsant and antidepressant effects.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72918676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-28DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114
Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, N. Diarra, Moussa Karembé
Aims: This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition and the different medicinal uses of Datura species in addition to people perceptions about them. Place and Duration of Study: The floristic study has been conducted in three sites located in the region of Sikasso (Mali) during October, 2019. The ethnobotanical one was carried out in five zones located in different regions of Mali in order to register the maximum of relevant information about Datura’s therapeutic virtues. Methodology: A floristic and ethnobotanical investigation on Datura species was carried out based on a stratified probabilistic sampling plan. The free consent and the availability of the respondents was an important criterion during the ethnobotanical survey. Besides, the characteristic parameters of floristic diversity and relative frequencies were calculated based on literature formula. Results: The floristic survey allowed to register three species of Datura: D. stramonium (65.38%), D. innoxia (19.23%) et de D. ferox (15.38%). Around these species, 148 plants belonging to 39 species divided in 32 genus and 18 families. Herbaceous represented 94.87% of these inventoried species. With high coefficients of similarity (Cs>50%), we noted an identical floristic diversity inside the three sites. Moreover, Tousseguela had the highest specific diversity index (1.21). The ethnobotanical survey targeted 118 people in five 5 localities with about 77% of men. If 50% of them found Datura to be useful, 50% considered it to be useful with distrust or dangerous. The data showed that the local populations use Datura in the treatment of many diseases; the most cited were dermatosis (16.98%) and swelling (14.15%). The leaves (93.83%) and seeds (14.81%) were the most exploited organs mainly in the form of decoction (61.18%) and by oral route, massage (15.66%) and bath (13.25%). Conclusion: These results reveal the floristic richness of Datura genus and its associated species.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical and Floristic Investigations of Datura Species in Mali","authors":"Issiaka Togola, M. Konaré, N. Diarra, Moussa Karembé","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121114","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This work aimed to investigate the floristic composition and the different medicinal uses of Datura species in addition to people perceptions about them. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: The floristic study has been conducted in three sites located in the region of Sikasso (Mali) during October, 2019. The ethnobotanical one was carried out in five zones located in different regions of Mali in order to register the maximum of relevant information about Datura’s therapeutic virtues. \u0000Methodology: A floristic and ethnobotanical investigation on Datura species was carried out based on a stratified probabilistic sampling plan. The free consent and the availability of the respondents was an important criterion during the ethnobotanical survey. Besides, the characteristic parameters of floristic diversity and relative frequencies were calculated based on literature formula. \u0000Results: The floristic survey allowed to register three species of Datura: D. stramonium (65.38%), D. innoxia (19.23%) et de D. ferox (15.38%). Around these species, 148 plants belonging to 39 species divided in 32 genus and 18 families. Herbaceous represented 94.87% of these inventoried species. With high coefficients of similarity (Cs>50%), we noted an identical floristic diversity inside the three sites. Moreover, Tousseguela had the highest specific diversity index (1.21). The ethnobotanical survey targeted 118 people in five 5 localities with about 77% of men. If 50% of them found Datura to be useful, 50% considered it to be useful with distrust or dangerous. The data showed that the local populations use Datura in the treatment of many diseases; the most cited were dermatosis (16.98%) and swelling (14.15%). The leaves (93.83%) and seeds (14.81%) were the most exploited organs mainly in the form of decoction (61.18%) and by oral route, massage (15.66%) and bath (13.25%). \u0000Conclusion: These results reveal the floristic richness of Datura genus and its associated species.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84089874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-20DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112
Abdalsalam Kmail
More than 500 species of Hypericum are located throughout Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia. These plants have a long history of employment in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral medicines, as well as for the treatment of burns, gastrointestinal problems, and depression. The most significant species of this genus are Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra because of their pharmacological activities. Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium are widely known for their efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving wound healing. The main reason these plants have been used for treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nevertheless, some similar species are also utilized in conventional medicine and have been previously analyzed for their biological activity and phytochemical composition. The main classes of active substances are found in Hypericum species, including naphthodianthrones (such as hypericin and pseudohyperricin), phloroglucinols (such as hyperforin), flavonoids (such as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and amentoflavone), and phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid). This review's objective is to provide a summary of the most recent research on potential medicinal uses for Hypericum perforatum L., and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.
{"title":"Protective Role of Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra against Inflammatory Diseases: Evidence from In vitro and In vivo Studies","authors":"Abdalsalam Kmail","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121112","url":null,"abstract":"More than 500 species of Hypericum are located throughout Europe, North America, North Africa, and Asia. These plants have a long history of employment in folk medicine as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antiviral medicines, as well as for the treatment of burns, gastrointestinal problems, and depression. The most significant species of this genus are Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra because of their pharmacological activities. Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum triquetrifolium are widely known for their efficacy in reducing inflammation and improving wound healing. The main reason these plants have been used for treatment of mild to moderate depression. Nevertheless, some similar species are also utilized in conventional medicine and have been previously analyzed for their biological activity and phytochemical composition. The main classes of active substances are found in Hypericum species, including naphthodianthrones (such as hypericin and pseudohyperricin), phloroglucinols (such as hyperforin), flavonoids (such as rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, quercitrin, and amentoflavone), and phenylpropanoids (chlorogenic acid). This review's objective is to provide a summary of the most recent research on potential medicinal uses for Hypericum perforatum L., and Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81412414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-22DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111
A. Sarr, S. Dieng, M. Séne, Charlot Diatta, Kady Diatta-Badji, W. Diatta, A. Fall
Background: Native to West Africa, Cola nitida is a tropical tree of about 8-12 in height that grows in lowland rainforest. This plant is best known in Africa for its seeds, used in phytotherapy but for their socio-cultural importance. Aims/Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of condensed tannins of Cola nitida seeds by carrying out two antioxidant tests (DPPH and FRAP). Methods: From a hydro-ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds, two samples were made. One treated with casein (EC) and another one without treatment (EWC). The researsh of condensed tannins were carried out by precipitation with Stiasny reagent. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the antioxidant power by DPPH and FRAP tests. Results: Extract without treatment (EWC) showed more antioxidant activity than the extract treated with casein (EC). Thus, the IC50 of EWC which contains condensed tannins was 5.54±0.005 µg/ml, while that of EC (without condensed tannins) reached 61.92±0.165 µg/ml. Conclusion: Cola nitida seeds are rich in condensed tannins that play an important role in the antioxidant activity.
{"title":"Role of Condensed Tannins in the Antioxidant Activity of Seeds of Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae)","authors":"A. Sarr, S. Dieng, M. Séne, Charlot Diatta, Kady Diatta-Badji, W. Diatta, A. Fall","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121111","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Native to West Africa, Cola nitida is a tropical tree of about 8-12 in height that grows in lowland rainforest. This plant is best known in Africa for its seeds, used in phytotherapy but for their socio-cultural importance. \u0000Aims/Objective: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of condensed tannins of Cola nitida seeds by carrying out two antioxidant tests (DPPH and FRAP). \u0000Methods: From a hydro-ethanolic extract of Cola nitida seeds, two samples were made. One treated with casein (EC) and another one without treatment (EWC). The researsh of condensed tannins were carried out by precipitation with Stiasny reagent. The total polyphenol and tannin contents were evaluated by the Folin-Denis method and the antioxidant power by DPPH and FRAP tests. \u0000Results: Extract without treatment (EWC) showed more antioxidant activity than the extract treated with casein (EC). Thus, the IC50 of EWC which contains condensed tannins was 5.54±0.005 µg/ml, while that of EC (without condensed tannins) reached 61.92±0.165 µg/ml. \u0000Conclusion: Cola nitida seeds are rich in condensed tannins that play an important role in the antioxidant activity.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74668465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110
Shirlei Sztormowski, K. Kleibert, Greissi Tatieli Franke Tremêa, Simony C. Beber, Lenara Schalanski Krause, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, C. Colet
Introduction: common mental disorders whose symptoms are not early identified can turn into more serious illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and mood disorder. The literature presents the use of rosemary as a form of treatment of physical and mental illnesses, including depression. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with different doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on symptoms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated people and prison workers. Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. The intervention was carried out using rosemary extract doses at 100, 500, and 1000 mg day-1 in groups composed of 10 participants, for 3 months. A 20-item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of CMD. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,973,589. Results: The treatments with rosemary extract at 500 and 1000 mg day-1 showed statistically significant results for reducing CMD symptoms when compared to the those found at the beginning of the research. Conclusion: The use of rosemary extract was effective to reduce CMD in the evaluated prison staff and incarcerated people, especially when used at doses of 500 and 1000 mg day-1, and presented safety, as the participants did not experience side effects.
{"title":"Effect of Rosmarinus officinalis on Mental Disorder Symptoms in Incarcerated People and Prison Workers","authors":"Shirlei Sztormowski, K. Kleibert, Greissi Tatieli Franke Tremêa, Simony C. Beber, Lenara Schalanski Krause, José Antonio Gonzalez da Silva, C. Colet","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2022/v33i121110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: common mental disorders whose symptoms are not early identified can turn into more serious illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and mood disorder. The literature presents the use of rosemary as a form of treatment of physical and mental illnesses, including depression. \u0000Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatments with different doses of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) extract on symptoms of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in incarcerated people and prison workers. \u0000Methods: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial study. The intervention was carried out using rosemary extract doses at 100, 500, and 1000 mg day-1 in groups composed of 10 participants, for 3 months. A 20-item self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to assess the presence of CMD. The project was submitted and approved by the Research Ethics Committee under the number 4,973,589. \u0000Results: The treatments with rosemary extract at 500 and 1000 mg day-1 showed statistically significant results for reducing CMD symptoms when compared to the those found at the beginning of the research. \u0000Conclusion: The use of rosemary extract was effective to reduce CMD in the evaluated prison staff and incarcerated people, especially when used at doses of 500 and 1000 mg day-1, and presented safety, as the participants did not experience side effects.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"187 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91496367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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