Pub Date : 2023-11-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162
John E. Moyegbone, E. E. Onoikhua, F. A. Fregene, Kingsley N. Jacob, Israel O. Efejene, E. I. Anowa, O. Akuirene, Emmanuel E. Agege, J. Odoko, E. Nwose
Aim: What we eat plays a vital role in human health with no exception to the eye which results to either good or poor vision. This review aimed at determining how what we eat affect age-related eye diseases and the role of antioxidants in phytochemical compound in preventing age-related eye diseases. Study Design: A non-systematic review and evaluation of published literatures was done through web search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar using Mendeley reference library for citation. Methodology: A total of 48 articles were reviewed using the key words such as ‘’you are what you eat,’’ Age-related eye diseases, Antioxidants, Phytochemical compounds, Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals Results: Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as refined grains, processed meats, added sugar and saturated fatty foods might increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, chronically elevated blood glucose, chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased protein damage leading to initiation and progression of systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart related diseases, as well as age-related eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Findings also showed that many botanical compounds such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, ginseng, and many more, present in food exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that helps in ameliorating the destructive roles of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Phytochemicals with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, could be of benefit in preventing age-related eye diseases. Consumption of products containing these phytochemicals is recommended to provide noninvasive alternatives for protection, prevention and treatments of the major systemic and age-related eye diseases.
{"title":"You Are What You Eat: Preventive Roles of Antioxidant Phytochemicals on Age-related Eye Diseases","authors":"John E. Moyegbone, E. E. Onoikhua, F. A. Fregene, Kingsley N. Jacob, Israel O. Efejene, E. I. Anowa, O. Akuirene, Emmanuel E. Agege, J. Odoko, E. Nwose","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101162","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: What we eat plays a vital role in human health with no exception to the eye which results to either good or poor vision. This review aimed at determining how what we eat affect age-related eye diseases and the role of antioxidants in phytochemical compound in preventing age-related eye diseases. Study Design: A non-systematic review and evaluation of published literatures was done through web search engines such as PubMed and Google Scholar using Mendeley reference library for citation. Methodology: A total of 48 articles were reviewed using the key words such as ‘’you are what you eat,’’ Age-related eye diseases, Antioxidants, Phytochemical compounds, Oxidative Stress and Free Radicals Results: Increased consumption of energy-dense foods such as refined grains, processed meats, added sugar and saturated fatty foods might increase the risk of obesity, insulin resistance, chronically elevated blood glucose, chronic systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased protein damage leading to initiation and progression of systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, heart related diseases, as well as age-related eye diseases such as cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. Findings also showed that many botanical compounds such as curcumin, lutein and zeaxanthin, ginseng, and many more, present in food exhibit strong antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties that helps in ameliorating the destructive roles of oxidative stress. Conclusion: Phytochemicals with proven antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, such as carotenoids and polyphenols, could be of benefit in preventing age-related eye diseases. Consumption of products containing these phytochemicals is recommended to provide noninvasive alternatives for protection, prevention and treatments of the major systemic and age-related eye diseases.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"123 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139261641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161
None Peneme B. M. L., None Akassa H., None Ondélé R., None Backala Lanzah A., None Etou Ossibi A. W., None Abena A. A.
The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo, and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger on the reproductive function of the rat. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 days. Acute toxicity was previously assessed in mice. The results of the acute toxicity study at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of each extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice. Pharmacological tests with rats showed that aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids.
{"title":"Effects of the Aqueous Extract of the Rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Sexual Parameters in Female Wistar Rats","authors":"None Peneme B. M. L., None Akassa H., None Ondélé R., None Backala Lanzah A., None Etou Ossibi A. W., None Abena A. A.","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i101161","url":null,"abstract":"The rhizome of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) is widely consumed as a juice and spice in the Congo, and is also used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Ginger on the reproductive function of the rat. Four batches of four female rats each received the aqueous rhizome extract of Zingiber officinal (Ginger) at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg, 17β-estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg and distilled water, orally for 14 days. Acute toxicity was previously assessed in mice. The results of the acute toxicity study at a dose of 5000 mg/kg of each extract showed no signs of toxicity in mice. Pharmacological tests with rats showed that aqueous ginger extract non-significantly increased and decreased rat body weight at 300 and 600 mg/kg respectively. The 600 mg/Kg dose blocked the sexual cycle at the estrus stage and lowered plasma estradiol levels. Whereas the 300 mg/kg dose increases plasma estradiol levels with a more or less regular sexual cycle. Chemical screening of this extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, anthraquinones and steroids.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"6 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135216859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91160
Abdullatif Azab
In the first two parts of this series of review articles, we presented the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of the most important wild edible plants of eastern Mediterranean region, which we named as the “Deca-plants” (D-P). In this review article, we will present the antidiabetic activities of these very important plants. Comparing with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, the overall antidiabetic activity of the D-P is moderate, but there are clear differences between the ten species. Based on this fact and on the knowledge that the D-P contain several natural products with proven antidiabetic activity, in the discussion section (4), possible future research directions will be indicated. In addition to presenting the reported antidiabetic activity of the plants, some important statistical facts about diabetes will be presented, as well as ethnomedicinal use of these plants for diabetes treatment, in the reviewed region. For the purpose of comparison and comprehensiveness, in the last part of this article, four Non-Deca-Plants with reported antidiabetic activity will be shortly reviewed, when the criteria of selection are wild and edible.
{"title":"Top Edible Wild Plants of Eastern Mediterranean Region. Part III: Antidiabetic Activity","authors":"Abdullatif Azab","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91160","url":null,"abstract":"In the first two parts of this series of review articles, we presented the anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of the most important wild edible plants of eastern Mediterranean region, which we named as the “Deca-plants” (D-P). In this review article, we will present the antidiabetic activities of these very important plants. Comparing with anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities, the overall antidiabetic activity of the D-P is moderate, but there are clear differences between the ten species. Based on this fact and on the knowledge that the D-P contain several natural products with proven antidiabetic activity, in the discussion section (4), possible future research directions will be indicated. In addition to presenting the reported antidiabetic activity of the plants, some important statistical facts about diabetes will be presented, as well as ethnomedicinal use of these plants for diabetes treatment, in the reviewed region. For the purpose of comparison and comprehensiveness, in the last part of this article, four Non-Deca-Plants with reported antidiabetic activity will be shortly reviewed, when the criteria of selection are wild and edible.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simarouba glauca DC also known as ‘Dysentery Bark’ is an important ethnomedicinal plant native to Tropical America. Later introduced India as “Lakshmi-Taru.” Bark is a potent anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and hemolytic drug. This study presents a pharmacognostic evaluation of Simarouba glauca DC bark, mainly shedding light on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Identification, authentication, macroscopic observation, and TLS, RLS and Powder microscopical examinations have been carried out.
The macroscopic examination of the bark revealed distinctive features, including a rough, fissured surface, and a yellowish-brown colour. Microscopic analysis showcased the presence of a thick periderm with small flakes raised above the periderm surface. The outer part of phellem is crushed and the inner portion is modified into a thick cylinder of sclereids. The Phelloderm becomes thick walled and dark coloured and stores calcium oxalate crystals. Large prismatic calcium oxalate crystals located in uniseriate vertical row within thin parenchyma cells. TLS revealed that the phloem fibers in dense compact bundles. The fibers being highly thick walled and lignified with narrow cell lumen. The rays are 250-280 µm in height and 40-60µm. RLS showed the rays are rentered heterocellular. Parenchyma cells and fibers are vertical position at right angles to the rays. Bark powder microscopy exhibited the presence of narrow and wide fibers, fiber-sclereids, long sieve elements, thick brachy sclereids, and large quantity of quadrangular, rectangular, and polygonal Calcium oxalate crystals. These observations provide valuable diagnostic tools for the authentication and quality control of S. glauca DC bark.
The pharmacognostic characterization presented in this study serves as a foundation for further research and development of S. glauca DC bark-based herbal medicines and pharmaceutical formulations. The insights provided in this article contribute to the understanding and utilization of this valuable botanical resource, fostering a bridge between traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific approaches in pharmacognosy.
{"title":"Pharmacognostic Evaluation of Simarouba glauca DC Bark","authors":"Ramachandra Mohan Rao Pandhari, Tarikere Chandrashekharappa Taranath","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91158","url":null,"abstract":"Simarouba glauca DC also known as ‘Dysentery Bark’ is an important ethnomedicinal plant native to Tropical America. Later introduced India as “Lakshmi-Taru.” Bark is a potent anti-microbial, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and hemolytic drug. This study presents a pharmacognostic evaluation of Simarouba glauca DC bark, mainly shedding light on its macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Identification, authentication, macroscopic observation, and TLS, RLS and Powder microscopical examinations have been carried out.
 The macroscopic examination of the bark revealed distinctive features, including a rough, fissured surface, and a yellowish-brown colour. Microscopic analysis showcased the presence of a thick periderm with small flakes raised above the periderm surface. The outer part of phellem is crushed and the inner portion is modified into a thick cylinder of sclereids. The Phelloderm becomes thick walled and dark coloured and stores calcium oxalate crystals. Large prismatic calcium oxalate crystals located in uniseriate vertical row within thin parenchyma cells. TLS revealed that the phloem fibers in dense compact bundles. The fibers being highly thick walled and lignified with narrow cell lumen. The rays are 250-280 µm in height and 40-60µm. RLS showed the rays are rentered heterocellular. Parenchyma cells and fibers are vertical position at right angles to the rays. Bark powder microscopy exhibited the presence of narrow and wide fibers, fiber-sclereids, long sieve elements, thick brachy sclereids, and large quantity of quadrangular, rectangular, and polygonal Calcium oxalate crystals. These observations provide valuable diagnostic tools for the authentication and quality control of S. glauca DC bark.
 The pharmacognostic characterization presented in this study serves as a foundation for further research and development of S. glauca DC bark-based herbal medicines and pharmaceutical formulations. The insights provided in this article contribute to the understanding and utilization of this valuable botanical resource, fostering a bridge between traditional knowledge and contemporary scientific approaches in pharmacognosy.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135884947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zanthozylum gilletii is a medicinal plant well known for its richness in phytochemicals and its use in Côte d’Ivoire in the traditional treatment of burns in esophagus. However, its bioactive anti-reflux and non-reflux oesophagitis potential has not yet been scientifically proven. This work aims at evaluating the preventive and curative anti-esophagitis potential of a total aqueous extract of Z. gilletii trunk bark (TAEZg) in rats. Thirty-six rats were subjected to 24 hours fast and divided into six groups of six rats each were used for each model of esophagitis induction, in particular the preventive model (acute, chronic, chronic exposure to naproxen followed by forced swimming test) and the healing model. Rats received as a pretreatment (preventive model) and treatment (healing model), TAEZg at 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg of body weight (b.w.) as well as omeprazole (preventive model) and misoprostol (healing model) at 30 and 0.012 mg / kg b.w respectively. As for the control groups, they received distilled water at 1 mL/ 100 g b.w. The animals were sacrificed by over dose of ether and then the ulcer macroscopic parameters (ulceration surface, ulceration index, scores and inhibition percentages) and gastric secretion parameters (gastric volume, gastric acidity and gastric pH) were assessed. Biochemical parameters such as total proteins and some oxidative stress parameters (Malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)) were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment and treatment of rats with TAEZg at doses ranging from 125 to 500 mg / kg b.w significantly (P <0.001) and dose dependently reduced ulceration surface, ulceration index, gastric volume, gastric acidity, score and significantly (P <0.001) increase pH and inhibition percentage compared to control group 2. The inhibition percentages such as 93.71; 95.89; 91.03 and 98.20 % were recorded at 500 mg / kg in preventive model (acute, chronic and chronic exposure to naproxen followed by forced swimming test) and healing model respectively. Biochemical analysis showed a significant (P <0.001) increase in total protein, CAT levels and a significant decrease (P <0.001) in MDA level of the treated groups compared to the control group 2. In conclusion, TAEZg possessed a real preventive and healing anti-esophagitis effects in rats.
Zanthozylum gilletii是一种药用植物，因其丰富的植物化学物质而闻名，并在Côte科特迪瓦用于传统治疗食道烧伤。然而，其抗反流和非反流性食管炎的生物活性潜力尚未得到科学证实。本研究旨在评价黄皮总水提物(TAEZg)对大鼠食管炎的防治作用。36只大鼠禁食24小时，分为6组，每组6只大鼠，分别建立食管炎诱导模型，特别是预防模型(急性、慢性、慢性暴露后强迫游泳试验)和愈合模型。大鼠作为预处理(预防模型)和治疗(愈合模型)，TAEZg剂量分别为125、250和500 mg / kg体重(b.w)，奥美拉唑(预防模型)和米索前列腺醇(愈合模型)剂量分别为30和0.012 mg / kg b.w。对照组灌胃1 mL/ 100 g b.w蒸馏水，超剂量乙醚处死，测定溃疡宏观参数(溃疡表面、溃疡指数、评分、抑制百分比)和胃液分泌参数(胃容量、胃酸、胃pH)。测定总蛋白等生化指标和氧化应激参数(丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT))。结果表明，与对照组2相比，125 ~ 500 mg / kg b.w TAEZg预处理和处理大鼠的溃疡表面、溃疡指数、胃体积、胃酸、评分显著(P <0.001)降低，且剂量依赖性显著(P <0.001)提高pH值和抑制率。抑制率为93.71;95.89;在预防模型(急性、慢性和慢性暴露后强迫游泳试验)和愈合模型中，500 mg / kg剂量下的小鼠死亡率分别为91.03和98.20%。生化分析显示，与对照组相比，治疗组总蛋白、CAT水平显著升高(P <0.001)， MDA水平显著降低(P <0.001)。结论:TAEZg对大鼠食管炎具有真正的预防和愈合作用。
{"title":"Preventive and Healing Effects of the Total Aqueous Extract of the Trunk Bark of Zanthoxylum gilletii (De Wild.) P. G. Waterman (Rutaceae) on Gastric Acid Reflux and Non-reflux Induced Esophagitis in Rats","authors":"Oussou N’Guessan Jean-Baptistea, Goze Nomane Bernarda, Ehilé Ehilé Hervéa, Grahouan Pizito Stéphanea, Kouakou Kouakou Léandrea, Yapo Angoué Paula","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81153","url":null,"abstract":"Zanthozylum gilletii is a medicinal plant well known for its richness in phytochemicals and its use in Côte d’Ivoire in the traditional treatment of burns in esophagus. However, its bioactive anti-reflux and non-reflux oesophagitis potential has not yet been scientifically proven. This work aims at evaluating the preventive and curative anti-esophagitis potential of a total aqueous extract of Z. gilletii trunk bark (TAEZg) in rats. Thirty-six rats were subjected to 24 hours fast and divided into six groups of six rats each were used for each model of esophagitis induction, in particular the preventive model (acute, chronic, chronic exposure to naproxen followed by forced swimming test) and the healing model. Rats received as a pretreatment (preventive model) and treatment (healing model), TAEZg at 125, 250 and 500 mg / kg of body weight (b.w.) as well as omeprazole (preventive model) and misoprostol (healing model) at 30 and 0.012 mg / kg b.w respectively. As for the control groups, they received distilled water at 1 mL/ 100 g b.w. The animals were sacrificed by over dose of ether and then the ulcer macroscopic parameters (ulceration surface, ulceration index, scores and inhibition percentages) and gastric secretion parameters (gastric volume, gastric acidity and gastric pH) were assessed. Biochemical parameters such as total proteins and some oxidative stress parameters (Malondialdehyde (MDA) and catalase (CAT)) were assessed. The results showed that pretreatment and treatment of rats with TAEZg at doses ranging from 125 to 500 mg / kg b.w significantly (P <0.001) and dose dependently reduced ulceration surface, ulceration index, gastric volume, gastric acidity, score and significantly (P <0.001) increase pH and inhibition percentage compared to control group 2. The inhibition percentages such as 93.71; 95.89; 91.03 and 98.20 % were recorded at 500 mg / kg in preventive model (acute, chronic and chronic exposure to naproxen followed by forced swimming test) and healing model respectively. Biochemical analysis showed a significant (P <0.001) increase in total protein, CAT levels and a significant decrease (P <0.001) in MDA level of the treated groups compared to the control group 2. In conclusion, TAEZg possessed a real preventive and healing anti-esophagitis effects in rats.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136183503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81157
None Jayaprakasam R., None Abinaya R., None Gandhimathi M., None Ravi T. K.
Aims: The study was started with the goal of quantifying the oleanolic acid from consecutive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens using a marker oleanolic acid by utilizing HPTLC and HPLC techniques, as well as to perform an evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between October 2022 and June 2023 in the Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore-44, Tamil nadu, India.
Methodology: The extraction of leaves is done using successive extractions by Continuous hot percolation method using soxhlet extractor. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for which the phytochemical analysis were conducted. Standardization of oleanolic acid was performed by using HPTLC and HPLC techniques. Quantification of oleanolic acid in the two plants sequential leaf extracts were done. In vitro study of antiinflammatory activity was performed by Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction.
Results: Alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins were all found in the two plant extracts by using phytochemical screening. In HPTLC method, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were developed in suitable mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.2%v/v/v) followed by derivatizing with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid derivatizing agent and scanned under 530nm. HPLC of standard marker and successive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were carried out using methanol: 25mM phosphate buffer (pH-3) in the ratio of 90:10% v/v at flow rate of 1ml/min and chromatograms were recorded at 202nm. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of combined leaf extracts of ethyl acetate showed IC50 value of 0.026μg/ml.
Conclusion: Standardization of oleanolic acid was conducted by HPTLC and HPLC methods and linearity were found to be 0.9964 and 0.9998 respectively. Quantification of oleanolic acid in successive leaf extracts of the two plants were conducted. In vitro study using xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that combined extracts of ethyl acetate fractions exhibited better antiinflammatory property than the individual extracts of the selected plants.
{"title":"Estimation of Oleanolic Acid by HPTLC and HPLC Methods in Successive Leaf Extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens and their In vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity","authors":"None Jayaprakasam R., None Abinaya R., None Gandhimathi M., None Ravi T. K.","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81157","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study was started with the goal of quantifying the oleanolic acid from consecutive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens using a marker oleanolic acid by utilizing HPTLC and HPLC techniques, as well as to perform an evaluation of their antiinflammatory activity.
 Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between October 2022 and June 2023 in the Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Pharmacognosy, Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Paramedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore-44, Tamil nadu, India.
 Methodology: The extraction of leaves is done using successive extractions by Continuous hot percolation method using soxhlet extractor. Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions for which the phytochemical analysis were conducted. Standardization of oleanolic acid was performed by using HPTLC and HPLC techniques. Quantification of oleanolic acid in the two plants sequential leaf extracts were done. In vitro study of antiinflammatory activity was performed by Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity in the ethyl acetate fraction.
 Results: Alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, and proteins were all found in the two plant extracts by using phytochemical screening. In HPTLC method, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were developed in suitable mobile phase of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (7:3:0.2%v/v/v) followed by derivatizing with anisaldehyde sulphuric acid derivatizing agent and scanned under 530nm. HPLC of standard marker and successive leaf extracts of Leucas aspera and Tridax procumbens were carried out using methanol: 25mM phosphate buffer (pH-3) in the ratio of 90:10% v/v at flow rate of 1ml/min and chromatograms were recorded at 202nm. Xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of combined leaf extracts of ethyl acetate showed IC50 value of 0.026μg/ml. 
 Conclusion: Standardization of oleanolic acid was conducted by HPTLC and HPLC methods and linearity were found to be 0.9964 and 0.9998 respectively. Quantification of oleanolic acid in successive leaf extracts of the two plants were conducted. In vitro study using xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity showed that combined extracts of ethyl acetate fractions exhibited better antiinflammatory property than the individual extracts of the selected plants.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"152 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135295971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91155
Abdullatif Azab
In the first part of this series of review articles, we presented the anticancer activities of the most important wild edible plants of eastern Mediterranean region, which we named as the “Deca-plants” (D-P). In this review article, we will present the anti-inflammatory activities of these very important plants. After a brief introduction, anti-inflammatory activities of the D-P will be introduced in both traditional medicine of the peoples of this region, and in published scientific literature. Methods of use will be presented in the first part, and methods of testing and results, for modern research. In both cases, some of the D-P have notable anti-inflammatory activities. In the extensive discussion section of this article, a major focus will be presented for anti-inflammatory activities of natural products contained in these plants, and some comparisons will be made with other plants. At this point, it is worth mentioning that the D-P have notably different number of anti-inflammatory activity reports, where on the top of them Foeniculum vulgare can be found. Contrary to that and to the best of our knowledge, Cyclamen persicum was not published for anti-inflammatory activity, even though some of its secondary metabolites are very well known for having this activity. Typical search methods were used for finding relevant literature. Finally, the conclusions of this article will be accompanied with recommendations for future research.
{"title":"Top Edible Wild Plants of Eastern Mediterranean Region Part II: Anti-inflammatory Activity","authors":"Abdullatif Azab","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91155","url":null,"abstract":"In the first part of this series of review articles, we presented the anticancer activities of the most important wild edible plants of eastern Mediterranean region, which we named as the “Deca-plants” (D-P). In this review article, we will present the anti-inflammatory activities of these very important plants. After a brief introduction, anti-inflammatory activities of the D-P will be introduced in both traditional medicine of the peoples of this region, and in published scientific literature. Methods of use will be presented in the first part, and methods of testing and results, for modern research. In both cases, some of the D-P have notable anti-inflammatory activities. In the extensive discussion section of this article, a major focus will be presented for anti-inflammatory activities of natural products contained in these plants, and some comparisons will be made with other plants. At this point, it is worth mentioning that the D-P have notably different number of anti-inflammatory activity reports, where on the top of them Foeniculum vulgare can be found. Contrary to that and to the best of our knowledge, Cyclamen persicum was not published for anti-inflammatory activity, even though some of its secondary metabolites are very well known for having this activity. Typical search methods were used for finding relevant literature. Finally, the conclusions of this article will be accompanied with recommendations for future research.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135245717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91156
Salifu Faisal, Christopher Larbie, John Mensah, Afua Kobi Ampem Genfi, Abena Amponsaa Brobbey
Moringa oleifera and M. stenopetala have been used to cure a variety of ailments in around the world. The phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the leaves, roots and stem bark were investigated. Elements were analysed and bioactive components were characterised using FTIR and GC/MS methods. Total phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids were assessed while radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. Some organic compounds like phenols and aromatics were present, along with iron, zinc, and copper. The total phenolic and tannin concentrations varied from 98.73 to 255.57 mg GAE/100 g, and from 29.45 to 243.27 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content ranged from 717.90 to 73052.62 g QE/100 g. The methanolic extract of M. oleifera roots had the best DPPH scavenging efficacy. The extracts showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity. Therefore, M. oleifera and M. stenopetala contain phytochemicals and may be beneficial to health.
{"title":"Comparative Analyses of the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Composition of Two Species of Moringa in Ghana","authors":"Salifu Faisal, Christopher Larbie, John Mensah, Afua Kobi Ampem Genfi, Abena Amponsaa Brobbey","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i91156","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera and M. stenopetala have been used to cure a variety of ailments in around the world. The phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the leaves, roots and stem bark were investigated. Elements were analysed and bioactive components were characterised using FTIR and GC/MS methods. Total phenolics, tannins, and flavonoids were assessed while radical scavenging activity was evaluated by the DPPH assay. Some organic compounds like phenols and aromatics were present, along with iron, zinc, and copper. The total phenolic and tannin concentrations varied from 98.73 to 255.57 mg GAE/100 g, and from 29.45 to 243.27 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. The total flavonoid content ranged from 717.90 to 73052.62 g QE/100 g. The methanolic extract of M. oleifera roots had the best DPPH scavenging efficacy. The extracts showed some antibacterial and antifungal activity. Therefore, M. oleifera and M. stenopetala contain phytochemicals and may be beneficial to health.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-29DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81154
None Syamkumar T. S., Geethalakshmi. S, Anu Augustine
Aim: The main objective of this study was to find out various therapeutic properties of chloroform leaf extract of the wetland plant Ludwigia perennis.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Sree Narayana Guru College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Scigen Research and Innovation in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu; and the Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences in Osudu, Pondicherry between April 2023 and August 2023.
Methodology: Chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis was employed for evaluating the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-nutritional, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, respectively.
Results: The DPPH assay found that the IC50 for the leaf extract was 48.78µg/mL, while the IC50 for the standard was 49.74µg/mL. The IC50 for the phosphomolybdenum test was 32.31µg/mL for the leaf extract and 33.73µg/mL for the standard. The IC50 values for the hydroxyl radical scavenging experiment were 55.6µg/mL for the standard and 47.54µg/mL for the leaf extract. The IC50 of the standard in the α-amylase inhibitory assay is 394.48µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 is 330.38µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of the standard in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was 394.06µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 was 335.45µg/mL, respectively. Antinutrient content such as alkaloids was 21.4%, oxalate was 6.6%, phytate was 4.18%, and saponin was 30%, respectively. The IC50 of HeLa cells treated with leaf extract was 180µg/mL. After 4hours of treatment with chloroform leaf extract, the inhibition was 51.75% when 50mg/kg was used and 58.74% when 250mg/kg was used. Here, the inhibitory percentage of indomethacin is 59.45%. This means that the leaf extract has anti-inflammatory activity. Chloroform leaf extracts produced significant antipyretic effects in 250 and 500mg/kg doses.
Conclusion: Therefore, the chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis has shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-nutrient, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities. These evidences suggest the plant is a potential source for developing new drugs.
{"title":"Study of Pharmacological Profile of Chloroform Leaf Extract of Ludwigia perennis - A Wetland Plant","authors":"None Syamkumar T. S., Geethalakshmi. S, Anu Augustine","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81154","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The main objective of this study was to find out various therapeutic properties of chloroform leaf extract of the wetland plant Ludwigia perennis.
 Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biotechnology, Sree Narayana Guru College, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, Scigen Research and Innovation in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu; and the Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences in Osudu, Pondicherry between April 2023 and August 2023.
 Methodology: Chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis was employed for evaluating the antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-nutritional, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties, respectively.
 Results: The DPPH assay found that the IC50 for the leaf extract was 48.78µg/mL, while the IC50 for the standard was 49.74µg/mL. The IC50 for the phosphomolybdenum test was 32.31µg/mL for the leaf extract and 33.73µg/mL for the standard. The IC50 values for the hydroxyl radical scavenging experiment were 55.6µg/mL for the standard and 47.54µg/mL for the leaf extract. The IC50 of the standard in the α-amylase inhibitory assay is 394.48µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 is 330.38µg/mL, respectively. The IC50 of the standard in the α-glucosidase inhibitory assay was 394.06µg/mL, and the extract's IC50 was 335.45µg/mL, respectively. Antinutrient content such as alkaloids was 21.4%, oxalate was 6.6%, phytate was 4.18%, and saponin was 30%, respectively. The IC50 of HeLa cells treated with leaf extract was 180µg/mL. After 4hours of treatment with chloroform leaf extract, the inhibition was 51.75% when 50mg/kg was used and 58.74% when 250mg/kg was used. Here, the inhibitory percentage of indomethacin is 59.45%. This means that the leaf extract has anti-inflammatory activity. Chloroform leaf extracts produced significant antipyretic effects in 250 and 500mg/kg doses.
 Conclusion: Therefore, the chloroform leaf extract of Ludwigia perennis has shown to have anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-nutrient, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-pyretic activities. These evidences suggest the plant is a potential source for developing new drugs.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135247290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81152
Frenk B. Paschal, E. Mwega, G. Bakari
Introduction: In overcoming a catastrophic disaster of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many researchers are interested with safe and active antimicrobial medicinal plants. Objective: This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used for treatment of Urinary tract infection (UTI) through ethnobotanical survey, conducted in Biharamulo district at Kagera region in Tanzania. Materials and Methods: To assess the societal awareness on UTI and its curative herbs, semi-structured questionnaires were employed. UTI herbs were identified and collected. The ethnobotanical data were analysed by using Chi-square test in SPSS version 16. Awareness of participants were justified at the statistical significance difference of p-values < 0.05. Results: The study found most participants to have awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants, because they identified clinical signs (85.2%), mode of transmission and aetiology (41%), UTI herbs (99.5%) and most of them used herbs to treat UTI for 92.8%. Out of the 42 medicinal plants claimed and identified for treating UTI, 29 (69%) of them had pharmacological supported for treating UTI or related antimicrobial infections that were attributed to constituted phytochemicals in literature reviews. The 42 medicinal plants belonged in 20 families where by the dominant were Myrtaceae, Leguminosae and Lamiaceae, each one composed 15%. Therapeutically, S. guineense, S. cordatum, C. citrinus, T. mollis, T. cercea, X. caffra, A. muricata, P. granatum, J. mimosifolia and N. macrophylla was documented by the present study for elicit strong antimicrobial activities against UTI microbes. Conclusion: Findings from this study concurred with the previous ones that the society had awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants. The study results were significantly justified and supported the uses of selected medicinal plants for treating UTI with microbial efficacies as claimed by traditional healers and herbalists, hence this study might provide a direction and scope for further discovery of new UTI drugs.
{"title":"Ethnobotanical Survey on Awareness of Medicinal Plants Used for Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Biharamulo District: TanzaniaC","authors":"Frenk B. Paschal, E. Mwega, G. Bakari","doi":"10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ejmp/2023/v34i81152","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In overcoming a catastrophic disaster of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), many researchers are interested with safe and active antimicrobial medicinal plants. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to identify medicinal plants used for treatment of Urinary tract infection (UTI) through ethnobotanical survey, conducted in Biharamulo district at Kagera region in Tanzania. \u0000Materials and Methods: To assess the societal awareness on UTI and its curative herbs, semi-structured questionnaires were employed. UTI herbs were identified and collected. The ethnobotanical data were analysed by using Chi-square test in SPSS version 16. Awareness of participants were justified at the statistical significance difference of p-values < 0.05. \u0000Results: The study found most participants to have awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants, because they identified clinical signs (85.2%), mode of transmission and aetiology (41%), UTI herbs (99.5%) and most of them used herbs to treat UTI for 92.8%. Out of the 42 medicinal plants claimed and identified for treating UTI, 29 (69%) of them had pharmacological supported for treating UTI or related antimicrobial infections that were attributed to constituted phytochemicals in literature reviews. The 42 medicinal plants belonged in 20 families where by the dominant were Myrtaceae, Leguminosae and Lamiaceae, each one composed 15%. Therapeutically, S. guineense, S. cordatum, C. citrinus, T. mollis, T. cercea, X. caffra, A. muricata, P. granatum, J. mimosifolia and N. macrophylla was documented by the present study for elicit strong antimicrobial activities against UTI microbes. \u0000Conclusion: Findings from this study concurred with the previous ones that the society had awareness on UTI and its medicinal plants. The study results were significantly justified and supported the uses of selected medicinal plants for treating UTI with microbial efficacies as claimed by traditional healers and herbalists, hence this study might provide a direction and scope for further discovery of new UTI drugs.","PeriodicalId":11969,"journal":{"name":"European journal of medicinal plants","volume":"400 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80252577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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